CN112000333B - Avionics interface design reconstruction method based on pilot functional state - Google Patents

Avionics interface design reconstruction method based on pilot functional state Download PDF

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CN112000333B
CN112000333B CN202010678161.1A CN202010678161A CN112000333B CN 112000333 B CN112000333 B CN 112000333B CN 202010678161 A CN202010678161 A CN 202010678161A CN 112000333 B CN112000333 B CN 112000333B
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吴红兰
吴薇
李嘉豪
曹远任
任俏
王雅莎
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention provides an avionics interface design reconstruction method based on a pilot functional state. Firstly, acquiring pilot operation state data and performing formulaic processing on the pilot operation state data to obtain CTL model input parameters, and evaluating the mental load of the pilot by using the CTL model. And then determining a basic information display unit of the aircraft cockpit, grading the basic information display unit, and sequencing the important grades of the information elements by adopting a K-means clustering algorithm in combination with an information domain and the mental load of a pilot to obtain a new displayed information grade. And finally, according to the visual attention division model, optimizing the layout of the avionic interface by combining with the new display information grade. The invention can fully consider the characteristics of human and machine intelligence bodies, combines the current flight operation and the display elements of the pilot function state adjustment interface, and dynamically reconstructs the avionic interface, so that the unit can acquire required information with proper visual load, the capability of the system for dealing with emergencies and emergencies is improved, and the occurrence of unsafe events is reduced.

Description

Avionics interface design reconstruction method based on pilot functional state
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of human-computer system design and simulation, and relates to an avionics interface design reconstruction method based on a pilot functional state.
Background
In the flight process, a pilot needs to acquire information from the surrounding environment through five sense organs and operate the aircraft to complete a flight task according to the information, most of the information comes from vision, so that how to design a cockpit man-machine interaction interface more reasonably in the design process of a modern aircraft provides required important information for the pilot, the pilot can know the flight state of the aircraft in time and make corresponding decisions, and the method is very important for improving the flight safety.
At present, scholars at home and abroad develop related research aiming at the optimization of human-computer interface layout, and mainly focus on the purpose of optimizing the interface layout by analyzing human physiological indexes such as human eye data, electroencephalogram data, respiration intensity and the like, but most of the current reconstruction methods of human-computer interfaces are static, and the dynamic reconstruction of the human-computer interfaces is not deeply researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the avionics interface design reconstruction method based on the pilot functional state is provided, aiming at the limitation of the display space of the avionics interface and the visual resources of the pilot, and based on the importance degree of various information in the current flight phase and the pilot functional state, the avionics interface is dynamically reconstructed, and a solution is provided for reducing the visual load of the pilot for obtaining the required basic information.
In order to achieve the purpose, the avionics interface design reconstruction method based on the pilot functional state adopts the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
step A: acquiring and processing pilot operation state data to obtain original data required by a model, carrying out parameterization processing on the original data, then standardizing the original data to a [0, 1] interval, and evaluating the mental load of a pilot based on a CTL model;
and B: determining a basic information display unit of an aircraft cockpit, and grading the basic information display unit according to the display requirement degree;
and C: taking an information domain, the mental load of a pilot and the original grade of a basic information display unit as input data, and adjusting a grade division scheme of display information based on a K-means clustering algorithm;
step D: and optimizing the layout of the avionic interface by combining a visual attention division model according to the new display information grade.
Further, in step a, the processing of the raw data includes:
the original data comprises an information processing type l, an operation time period d, an attention demand proportion a of operation and an information domain I; performing formulaic processing on the original data TO obtain values of three parameters LIP, TO and TSS required by model input, wherein LIP is an information processing type; TO is occupancy time; TSS is task set switching times; the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002584800440000021
Figure BDA0002584800440000022
Figure BDA0002584800440000023
wherein Ot represents a certain period of time of research, the time length is t seconds, LIP (Ot) represents the information processing type in the period of time, TO (Ot) represents the occupation time in the period of time, TSS (Ot) represents the task set switching times in the period of time, the pilot carries out n flight operations in t seconds, IiInformation field indicating ongoing flight operations, Ii-1Information field representing previous flight operations, CuThis indicates the complement set, and card (A) indicates the number of elements in set A.
Further, in step a, the estimating of the mental load of the pilot based on the CTL model includes:
normalizing LIP (Ot), TO (Ot) and TSS (Ot), and converting the value range of the original data into a [0, 1] interval by linear transformation; the specific normalized formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002584800440000024
establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking LIP, TO and TSS as axes, and then taking CTL3 input parameters as points of coordinates TO fall in a cube internal space with the side length of 1; 3 parameter values obtained by calculation at a certain moment are represented by a coordinate point S in a cubic space, and the distance dis between S and an origin OOThe larger the pilot is, the larger the mental load value of the pilot is;
when disOMeanwhile, when the distance from the coordinate point S to the AO is relatively small, the mental load of a pilot is relatively large, and the AO is a body diagonal of a cube.
Further, the step C of adjusting the grade division scheme of the displayed information based on the K-means clustering algorithm by taking the information domain, the pilot mental load and the original grade of the basic information display unit as input data comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an information domain of flight operation, judging whether each information element is in the information domain, and constructing a value function by combining the measured pilot mental load value and the original grade of each information element;
(2) randomly selecting four objects as initial clustering centers, calculating the distance between each object and the clustering centers, distributing each object to the nearest clustering center, recalculating the position of the clustering center after distribution is finished, repeating the above processes until the iteration result is converged, thereby obtaining a new display information grading scheme;
(3) in order to balance the information amount of each area in the visual field of the pilot, the minimum number of information elements of each grade is limited, and if no information element exists in a certain grade, the central point is initialized randomly again.
Further, the cost function
f＝0.1*x1+0.7*x2-0.2*x3
Wherein x is1For the original level of the information unit, x2Is in the information field, x3Is the mental load value of the pilot.
Further, the pilot functional state data comprises pilot mental load data and flight operation data currently performed by the pilot, and the avionic interface design reconfiguration comprises avionic interface layout optimization based on changes of information element levels.
Further, the basic information display unit comprises an engine controlled information element, an engine starting information element, a VOR/DME navigation station information element, an engine air-entraining information element, a fuel pump working state information element, an undercarriage retraction state information element, an airplane attitude information element, an ILS guide information element, a route meteorological alarm information element, a landmark position display information element, a flap position indication information element, a Coordinated Turn (CT) display information element, a TO/GA and A/T disconnection switch information element, a track indication information element, a CWS adjustment information element, an engine thrust handle position information element, a CMD motion parameter information element, an A/T, A/P mode selection information element, an automatic brake selection information element, a traffic valve information element, a main attention system signal board information element, a pitot tube heating information element, an APU starting information element, an APU motion parameter information element, an A/T, an A/P mode selection information element, an automatic brake selection information element, a traffic valve information element, a main attention system signal board information element, a pitot tube heating information element, an APU starting information element, an APU, a, A parking brake information element and a generator working state information element.
Adopt above-mentioned technical scheme's beneficial effect: the interface display information is adjusted along with the mental load state of the pilot, the dynamic reconstruction of the interface display content and the display layout is realized, the display information is more effectively provided for the pilot, and the technical support is provided for reducing the human errors caused by the cognitive overload of the pilot; acquiring and processing pilot operation state data, evaluating the mental load of a pilot based on a CTL model, determining an avionic interface basic information display unit and grading the avionic interface basic information display unit, then obtaining a new display information grading scheme based on a K-means clustering algorithm by combining the mental load of the pilot and the currently-performed flight operation, and optimizing the avionic interface layout based on a human-computer interaction interface visual attention grading model.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process of displaying interface reconfiguration in an avionics system.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the K-means clustering algorithm.
FIG. 3 is an initial avionics interface diagram.
FIG. 4 is a reconstructed avionics interface diagram.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for reconstructing the avionics interface design based on the functional state of the pilot comprises the following steps that a specific reconstruction flow is shown in figure 1, and the functional state of the pilot comprises the mental load of the pilot and the current flight operation of the pilot; the avionics interface design reconfiguration comprises an avionics interface layout optimization based on changes in information element levels; the cost function takes the mental load of a pilot, the grade of original display information and whether the information field is in the information field as input parameters.
For each flight operation performed by the pilot, the attribute of each flight operation is described by selecting four parameters of an information processing type l, an operation time range d, an attention demand ratio a and an information field I of the operation, and each parameter is quantized to obtain the original data of the parameter.
Performing formulation processing on the original data TO obtain values of three parameters LIP (information processing type), TO (occupation time) and TSS (task set switching frequency) required by model input, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002584800440000041
Figure BDA0002584800440000051
Figure BDA0002584800440000052
mixing LIP (O)t)、TO(Ot)、TSS(Ot) Normalized to [0, 1]]In the interval, a three-dimensional coordinate system is established by taking the LIP, the TO and the TSS as axes, and then a point with CTL3 input parameters as coordinates falls in the cubic internal space with the side length of 1. The specific normalized formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002584800440000053
3 parameter values obtained by calculation at a certain moment are represented by a coordinate point S in a cubic space, and when the 3 parameters of the CTL model are all small, the mental load of a pilot is very low; when the CTL3 parameters are all very large, the pilot's mental load is very large, namely: distance dis between S and origin OOThe greater the magnitude of the mental load on the pilot.
In addition, disOWhen the two parameters are the same, the three input parameters may have different values, if the point S falls on the coordinate axis, i.e. two of the parameters have a value of 0, but the other parameter value is very large, which results in disOThe calculated pilot mental load value is larger than the actual value in the condition that the value of the pilot mental load is large, because the three input parameters are independent, and the influence of a single parameter on the mental load of the pilot is limited. Therefore, the distance dis from the coordinate point to the body diagonal AO is usedAOIndicating the relative magnitude of the pilot's mental load, when disOMeanwhile, when the distance from the coordinate point to the AO is relatively small, the mental load of the pilot is relatively large. The geometrical relationship shows that:
Figure BDA0002584800440000054
disAO＝disO×sinα (6)
Figure BDA0002584800440000055
therefore, the pilot mental load ML uses disO、disAOIs shown as
ML＝disO-disAO (8)
The method comprises the steps of determining basic information display units which are commonly used in an aircraft cockpit and relate to flight safety, and dividing the selected basic information display units into four grades according to the display requirement degree, wherein the display grade of the first grade is the highest, and the display grade of the fourth grade is the lowest.
Determining an information domain of flight operation, judging whether each information element is in the information domain, and constructing a value function by combining the measured pilot mental load value and the original grade of each information element:
f＝0.1*x1+0.7*x2-0.2*x3 (9)
wherein x is1For the original level of the information unit, x2Whether or not in the information field, x, respectively3Is the mental load value of the pilot.
Adopting a K-means clustering method as an algorithm basis and debugging, as shown in figure 2, randomly selecting four objects as initial clustering centers, calculating the distance between each object and the clustering center, distributing each object to the nearest clustering center according to a distance nearest criterion, recalculating the position of the clustering center after the distribution is finished, and repeating the above processes until the values of the clustering center and the value function are not changed any more, thereby obtaining a new display information grading scheme.
In order to balance the information amount of each area in the visual field of the pilot, the minimum number of information elements of each grade is limited, and if no information element exists in a certain grade, the central point is initialized randomly again.
And optimizing the layout of the avionic interface by combining the new display information grade according to the visual attention division model, and placing the display unit with high display grade in an area with more concentrated visual attention so as to provide convenience for the pilot to acquire key information required by flight.
Example (c):
based on a simulation operation platform of a cockpit, a normal takeoff and initial climbing experiment program is designed according to a set standard operation manual, as shown in table 1, a test is carried out by means of an interactive measuring device such as a human body motion capture system and an eye tracker, and a flight process is recorded.
TABLE 1 flight simulator Normal takeoff and initial climb Experimental procedure
Figure BDA0002584800440000061
Figure BDA0002584800440000071
The initial experimental material is processed, four parameters of information processing type, operation time range, operation attention demand proportion and information field are quantized TO obtain original data, then the original data is formulated TO obtain values of model input parameters LIP (information processing type), TO (occupation time) and TSS (task set switching times), and the pilot mental load value is estimated based on the CTL model, and the result is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Pilot mental load
Figure BDA0002584800440000072
Figure BDA0002584800440000081
Determining basic information display units which are commonly used in an aircraft cockpit and relate to flight safety, dividing the selected basic information display units into four levels according to the display requirement degree, wherein an initial avionics interface which is arranged according to the importance degree is shown in figure 3, and the division results are as follows:
primary explicit information: engine controlled information element, engine start information element, VOR/DME navigation station information element, and engine bleed air information element
Secondary explicit information: fuel pump working state information element, undercarriage folding and unfolding state information element, airplane attitude information element, ILS (aircraft navigation System) guidance information element, airway weather warning information element and landmark position display information element
Three-level explicit information: flap position indication information element, Coordinated Turn (CT) display information element, TO/GA and A/T disconnection switch information element, track indication information element, CWS adjustment information element, engine thrust handle position information element, CMD motion parameter information element
Four levels of explicit information: A/T, A/P mode selection information element, automatic brake selection information element, traffic valve information element, main attention system signal board information element, airspeed head heating information element, APU start information element, stop brake information element and generator working state information element
Determining an information domain of flight operation, judging whether each information element is in the information domain, and constructing a value function by combining the measured pilot mental load value and the original grade of each information element:
f＝0.1*x1+0.7*x2-0.2*x3
wherein x is1For the original level of the information unit, x2Whether or not in the information field, x, respectively3Is the mental load value of the pilot.
The importance level sequence of each basic information display unit is obtained based on a K-means clustering algorithm, the layout of the avionic interface is optimized by combining new display information levels according to a visual attention division model, the display units with high display levels are placed in an area with more concentrated visual attention, and the interface after reconstruction is shown in figure 4 by taking flight operation 'pushing a steering column forward slightly (so as to facilitate direction control) and keeping the direction by using a rudder' as an example.

Claims (6)

1. A method for designing and reconstructing an avionic interface based on a pilot functional state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: acquiring and processing pilot operation state data to obtain original data required by a model, carrying out parameterization processing on the original data, then standardizing the original data to a [0, 1] interval, and evaluating the mental load of a pilot based on a CTL model;
and B: determining a basic information display unit of an aircraft cockpit, and grading the basic information display unit according to the display requirement degree;
and C: taking an information domain, the mental load of a pilot and the original grade of a basic information display unit as input data, and adjusting a grade division scheme of display information based on a K-means clustering algorithm;
the method for adjusting the grade division scheme of the displayed information based on the K-means clustering algorithm by taking the information domain, the mental load of the pilot and the original grade of the basic information display unit as input data comprises the following steps:
(1) determining an information domain of flight operation, judging whether each information element is in the information domain, and constructing a value function by combining the measured pilot mental load value and the original grade of each information element;
(2) randomly selecting four objects as initial clustering centers, calculating the distance between each object and the clustering centers, distributing each object to the nearest clustering center, recalculating the position of the clustering center after distribution is finished, repeating the above processes until the iteration result is converged, thereby obtaining a new display information grading scheme;
(3) in order to balance the information quantity of each region in the visual field of the pilot, the minimum number of information elements of each grade is limited, and if no information element exists in a certain grade, the clustering center is initialized randomly again;
step D: and optimizing the layout of the avionic interface by combining a visual attention division model according to the new display information grade.
2. The method for reconstructing an avionics interface design based on pilot functional status according to claim 1, wherein in step a, the processing of the raw data comprises:
the original data comprises an information processing type l, an operation time period d, an attention demand proportion a of operation and an information domain I; performing formulaic processing on the original data TO obtain values of three parameters LIP, TO and TSS required by model input, wherein LIP is an information processing type; TO is occupancy time; TSS is task set switching times; the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003393346770000021
Figure FDA0003393346770000022
Figure FDA0003393346770000023
in the formula, OtIndicates a certain time period of the study with a time length of t seconds, LIP (O)t) Indicates the type of information processing, TO (O), in the time periodt) Represents the occupation time, TSS (O), in the time periodt) Representing the number of task set switches over the time period, the pilot has performed n flight operations in t seconds, IiInformation field indicating ongoing flight operations, Ii-1Information field representing previous flight operations, CuThis indicates the complement set, and card (A) indicates the number of elements in set A.
3. The method of claim 2 for reconfiguring an avionics interface design based on pilot functional status, characterized in that: in step a, the estimating of the mental load of the pilot based on the CTL model includes:
for LIP (O)t)、TO(Ot)、TSS(Ot) Carrying out normalization processing, converting the value range of the original data into [0, 1] by carrying out linear transformation on the original data]An interval; the specific normalized formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003393346770000024
establishing a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking LIP, TO and TSS as axes, and then taking CTL3 input parameters as points of coordinates TO fall in a cube internal space with the side length of 1; 3 parameter values obtained by calculation at a certain moment are represented by a coordinate point S in a cubic space, and the distance dis between S and an origin OOThe larger the pilot is, the larger the mental load value of the pilot is;
when disOMeanwhile, when the distance from the coordinate point S to the AO is relatively small, the mental load of a pilot is relatively large, and the AO is a body diagonal of a cube.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cost function is based on a functional status of the pilot's avionics interface design reconstruction method
f＝0.1*x1+0.7*x2-0.2*x3
Wherein x is1For the original level of the information unit, x2Is in the information field, x3Is the mental load value of the pilot.
5. The method of claim 1 for reconfiguring an avionics interface design based on pilot functional status, characterized in that: the pilot functional state data comprises pilot mental load data and flight operation data currently carried out by the pilot, and the avionic interface design reconfiguration comprises avionic interface layout optimization based on changes of information element levels.
6. The method of claim 1 for reconfiguring an avionics interface design based on pilot functional status, characterized in that: the basic information display unit comprises an engine controlled information element, an engine starting information element, a VOR/DME navigation station information element, an engine air-entraining information element, a fuel pump working state information element, a landing gear retraction state information element, an airplane attitude information element, an ILS guidance information element, a route meteorological alarm information element, a landmark position display information element, a flap position indication information element, a coordinated turning display information element, a TO/GA and A/T disconnecting switch information element, a track indication information element, a CWS adjustment information element, an engine thrust handle position information element, a CMD motion parameter information element, an A/T, A/P mode selection information element, an automatic brake selection information element, a traffic valve information element, a main attention system signal board information element, a airspeed tube heating information element, an APU starting information element, a stop brake information element, And the generator working state information element.
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