CN111998774B - Rapid detection method for shape and position size of part - Google Patents
Rapid detection method for shape and position size of part Download PDFInfo
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- CN111998774B CN111998774B CN202010805542.1A CN202010805542A CN111998774B CN 111998774 B CN111998774 B CN 111998774B CN 202010805542 A CN202010805542 A CN 202010805542A CN 111998774 B CN111998774 B CN 111998774B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting the form and position size of a part, which comprises the steps of obtaining the form and position size of a standard part according to a two-dimensional drawing, controlling a three-dimensional laser projector to project the form and position size of the standard part to the surface of the form and position size to be detected of the part, and judging whether the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part or not based on the alignment of the form and position size to be detected of the part and the form and position size of the standard part. According to the invention, the laser outline of the standard part form and position size is correspondingly projected to the surface of the part to be detected form and position size through the three-dimensional laser projector, and the laser outline is combined with a visual detection method of laser projection and image fusion, so that the form and position size of the part to be detected can be detected rapidly, accurately, in a non-contact manner and comprehensively, and therefore, whether the form and position size of the part to be detected meets the requirement of a standard part two-dimensional drawing is judged, and the rapid detection of the product in-storage stage is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of part quality detection, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly detecting the shape and position dimensions of parts.
Background
With the increasing level of domestic manufacturing and the increasing competition of the market, many manufacturers have put increasing demands on the quality control of the parts they process. At present, when parts are put into a warehouse for detection, detection personnel need to measure the parts in full size, namely 100% of products are detected to realize the control of product quality, and the method is an indispensable process link of an enterprise.
However, when the products are put in storage for inspection, storage inspection personnel need to measure the full size of the products, and particularly the shape, position and size of the built-in components are large; in the warehousing inspection stage, the parts have the characteristics of unfixed positions, poor illumination conditions, more space interference and various form and position size characteristics. The traditional inspection is long in time, low in inspection efficiency and prone to dimension measurement deviation.
At present, relatively few researches are conducted on the aspects of warehousing inspection and detection of parts at home and abroad, and related researches are around appearance quality detection of the parts and size detection of small parts. The traditional warehousing inspection and detection method has the following defects: the detection device and the parts are required to have fixed relative positions, the detection environment is required to be uniform, the identification capability of the complex background is poor, the parts are required to be in a small size range, and the identification algorithm is mostly based on a highly-configured PC and is not suitable for embedded use of the mobile terminal.
For example, the Chinese patent discloses a part quality inspection device based on line laser three-dimensional measurement and a detection method thereof, wherein the quality inspection device comprises a moving platform which is arranged on a guide rail and can slide along the guide rail at a constant speed, a part to be inspected is fixed on the moving platform, and a camera and a plurality of laser transmitters are arranged above the guide rail through a bracket; the method comprises the steps that a camera collects images which are projected to the surface of a part to be detected by a laser emitter and deformed after surface modulation, the camera transmits collected image data to a computer for analysis and processing, linear stripes emitted by the laser emitter are projected to the surface of the part to be detected for linear scanning, the camera is used for continuously collecting image information on the part to be detected, the measured three-dimensional point cloud data and an initially designed three-dimensional figure are subjected to contrastive analysis under the same coordinate system, qualified parts are screened out, but the three-dimensional point cloud data and the initially designed three-dimensional figure are compared under the same coordinate system, the processing data size is large, and quick detection of the parts cannot be realized.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for rapidly detecting the shape and position dimensions of the parts, so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly judging whether the parts to be detected meet the requirements of the standard parts based on the alignment of the shape and position dimensions of the parts to be detected and the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for rapidly detecting the form and position size of a part comprises the steps of obtaining the form and position size of a standard part according to a two-dimensional drawing, controlling a three-dimensional laser projector to project the form and position size of the standard part to the surface of the form and position size to be detected of the part, and judging whether the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part or not based on the alignment of the form and position size to be detected and the form and position size of the standard part.
In the scheme, the three-dimensional laser projector is controlled to project the laser profile of the form and position size of the standard part to the surface of the form and position size part to be detected of the part according to the form and position size characteristics of the standard part obtained from the two-dimensional drawing, whether the form and position size to be detected of the part meets the requirements of the standard part can be judged through whether the form and position size characteristics to be detected of the part are aligned with the laser profile of the form and position size of the standard part, and then the rapid warehousing inspection of the product is realized.
Further, the steps are as follows:
s1: establishing a global coordinate system based on the projection area: determining a projection area for placing parts according to the size of the standard parts, laying targets in the projection area, establishing a global coordinate system based on the projection area, and acquiring coordinate information of the targets;
s2: arranging a detection device around the projection area: the detection equipment comprises a three-dimensional laser projector, a visible light camera, a two-degree-of-freedom platform, a tripod and a control and processing terminal, and a distance measurement result of the three-dimensional laser projector, a rotation angle of the two-degree-of-freedom platform and an image acquired by the visible light camera are respectively transmitted to the control and processing terminal;
s3: establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position sizes of the standard parts: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part through drawing analysis software, and establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position size of the standard part;
s4: projecting the surface of the to-be-measured shape and position size of the part corresponding to the shape and position size of the standard part: taking the target as a reference, placing the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part in a projection area, and controlling a three-dimensional laser projector to project the shape and position size of the standard part to the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part;
s5: judging whether the shape and position size of the part to be tested meets the requirements of standard parts: and judging that the shape and position size of the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part based on the alignment of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the shape and position size of the standard part, and generating a detection report.
In the scheme, the form and position size of the standard part is obtained through the two-dimensional drawing, whether the shape and the size of the part to be measured meet the requirements of the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part or not is identified and compared by combining a visual detection method of laser projection and image fusion, the form and position size characteristics of the part to be measured can be accurately, quickly and comprehensively measured in a non-contact manner, the measurement accuracy is high, the measurement speed is high, the labor time is saved, and the automatic measurement is convenient to realize.
Further, step S3 specifically includes:
s31: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part according to two-dimensional drawing analysis software, and acquiring the form and position size of the standard part;
s32: calling historical detection data of the shape and position sizes to be detected of the parts, wherein the historical detection data relate to a distance measurement result of a three-dimensional laser projector, a rotation angle of a two-degree-of-freedom holder and an image collected by a visible light camera;
s33: determining the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts in the current batch, establishing a projection coordinate system of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts on the surface of the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts, and acquiring the space coordinate parameters of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts.
In the scheme, the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is imported into the drawing analysis software, the form and position size of the standard part can be automatically identified, the form and position size to be detected of the part is further determined through historical detection data, unnecessary detection is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.
Further, the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is imported into two-dimensional drawing analysis software, the characteristic line and the contour line of the form and position size of the standard part are extracted, and the form and position size space coordinate parameter of the standard part is obtained, so that the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part forms a structured model.
In the scheme, the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is guided into the drawing analysis software, the drawing shape and position size is automatically identified, the workload of operators can be greatly reduced, the detection efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the contour information of the part is obtained in an auxiliary mode, the edge and some obvious features of the part are automatically identified, the features are automatically distinguished, the detection reliability is improved, and the subjectivity of the operators is overcome.
Further, step S4 specifically includes:
s41: before detecting the shape and position sizes of the parts to be detected, the three-dimensional laser projector calibrates the target according to the coordinate information of the target in the global coordinate system;
s42: after the target calibration is completed, the three-dimensional laser projector projects the contour of the projection area according to the global coordinate system;
s43: the control and processing terminal acquires a standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter corresponding to the to-be-detected form and position size of the projection coordinate system part, and converts the standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter into a corresponding global coordinate system coordinate parameter;
s44: the surface of the component to be measured in shape and position size is placed in a projection area by taking a target as a reference, a three-dimensional laser projector projects the surface of the component to be measured in shape and position size according to the coordinate parameters of a standard component shape and position size global coordinate system, and a visible light camera collects image data and transmits the image data to a control and processing terminal.
In the scheme, by means of the portable control and processing terminal, drawing automatic analysis software and a visual detection algorithm of laser and image fusion are carried, whether the shape, the size and the accessory position of the part meet the drawing requirements or not is quickly identified and compared, the part does not meet the standard requirements and is marked, and quick inspection is realized in the product warehousing stage.
And further, the control and processing terminal acquires the space coordinate parameters of the form and position sizes of the standard parts and converts the space coordinate parameters into corresponding global coordinate system coordinate parameters so as to realize the equal-proportion projection of the form and position sizes of the standard parts to the surface of the form and position sizes to be measured of the parts.
In the scheme, according to the shape and position size space coordinate parameters of the standard parts, the three-dimensional laser projector projects the shape and position size surface to be measured of the parts in an equal proportion, so that the automatic alignment of the global coordinate system and the projection coordinate system is realized, and whether the shape and position size characteristics to be measured of the parts meet the requirements of the standard parts can be judged quickly and efficiently.
Further, in step S5, if the shape and position size of the component to be tested is aligned with the shape and position size of the standard component, the component is determined to be qualified; if not, the abnormal point is judged, and a detection report is generated according to the judgment result.
In the scheme, based on the alignment of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the laser profile of the shape and position size of the standard part projected on the surface of the shape and position size of the part to be detected, whether the shape and position size of the part to be detected meets the requirement of a two-dimensional drawing of the standard part can be quickly judged, and the quick detection before the product is put in storage is realized.
Further, in step S2, the target coordinates are located in the global coordinate system, when the light emitted by the three-dimensional laser projector is projected into the projection area, a portion of the light is reflected by the target, and the to-be-measured form and position size of the component and the corresponding form and position size of the standard component are aligned based on the target coordinates; preferably, the projection area is a rectangular projection area, and at least 4 targets are disposed at the vertices of the rectangular projection area.
In the above scheme, the projection area is a rectangular projection area, and can ensure that the parts to be measured can be completely arranged in the projection area, and when the three-dimensional laser projector is used for projection, at least 4 targets are arranged in the projection area and need to be arranged in the field projection area all the time, so that the continuous projection precision of the three-dimensional laser projector can be ensured.
And further, adjusting light rays emitted by the three-dimensional laser projector to cover a projection area, ensuring that the visible light camera shoots complete light rays, and controlling and processing the image information acquired by the terminal to judge whether the shape and position size of the part to be measured is aligned with the shape and position size of the corresponding standard part in real time.
In the scheme, the visual detection method combining laser projection and image fusion can quickly, accurately, non-contactingly and comprehensively detect the form and position size to be detected of the part, so that whether the form and position size to be detected of the part meets the requirements of a two-dimensional drawing of a standard part is judged, and the quick inspection of the product in-storage stage is completed.
Furthermore, the form and position sizes comprise the shapes, the sizes, the embedded parts and the special confirmation points of the parts, and the three-dimensional laser projector is controlled to project the form and position sizes of the standard parts to the surface of the form and position sizes to be detected of the parts in an equal proportion.
In the scheme, the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is introduced into the software AutoCAD, the two-dimensional drawing is analyzed into various shapes, corresponding sizes can be identified, in addition, the embedded part and the special confirmation point contained in the part can be rapidly detected, and whether foreign matters are brought in the part production process or not can be detected.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects.
1. The two-dimensional drawing of the standard part and the three-dimensional laser projector can be combined to quickly, accurately and comprehensively detect the shape and position size to be detected of the part in a non-contact manner, and then whether the shape and position size to be detected of the part meets the requirements of the standard part is judged, and the quick inspection of the product in-storage stage is completed.
2. The two-dimensional drawing of the standard part can automatically identify the form and position size of the standard part by means of drawing analysis software, the characteristic line and the contour line of the form and position size of the standard part are rapidly obtained, and the space coordinate parameter of the form and position size of the standard part is obtained to enable the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part to form a structured model, so that the workload of operators is greatly reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.
3. The adopted detection equipment is simple to assemble and use, convenient to carry, capable of being erected to a production site, capable of overcoming various production site environment interferences, and convenient to deploy when used under the condition that no fixed detection area exists in a warehousing inspection stage.
4. Based on the laser profile of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the standard part shape and position size projected onto the surface of the shape and position size to be detected of the part, whether the part to be detected is required to be rapidly judged, and then the image collected by the visible light camera is used for assisting in judgment, so that the detection reliability is improved, and the subjectivity of an operator is overcome.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a portable testing device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic projection diagram of a three-dimensional laser projector according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a flow chart of a method for rapidly detecting the form and position dimensions of a component in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional drawing data parsing flow of a standard part in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a process of detecting the form and position dimensions of the component to be tested according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a control and processing terminal; 2. a three-dimensional laser projector; 3. a visible light camera; 4. a two-degree-of-freedom pan-tilt; 5. a tripod; 6. a projection area; 7. a target.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a method for rapidly detecting the form and position dimensions of a component, which controls a three-dimensional laser projector 2 to project the form and position dimension characteristics of a standard component obtained from a two-dimensional drawing onto the surface of the component to be detected, and a visible light camera 3 to collect an image and transmit the image to a control and processing terminal 1, and determines whether the component to be detected meets the requirements of the standard component based on the alignment of the form and position dimensions of the component to be detected and the form and position dimensions of the standard component. The shape and position sizes of the standard parts and components obtained by the two-dimensional drawing are utilized to control the three-dimensional laser projector 2 to align the laser contour part to be detected in the shape and position sizes of the standard parts and components with the laser contour of the shape and position size characteristics of the standard parts and components, so that whether the parts to be detected meet the requirements of the standard parts and components or not can be judged quickly through whether the shape and position sizes of the parts to be detected are aligned with the laser contour of the shape and position size characteristics of the standard parts and components or not, and then the products can be rapidly put in storage and inspected.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for rapidly detecting a form and a position of a component includes the following steps:
s1: establishing a global coordinate system based on the projection area: determining a projection area for placing parts and distributing targets in the projection area 6 according to the size of the standard parts, establishing a global coordinate system based on the projection area 6, and acquiring coordinate information of a target 7;
s2: arranging a detection device around the projection area: the detection equipment comprises a three-dimensional laser projector 2, a visible light camera 3, a two-degree-of-freedom platform 4, a tripod 5 and a control and processing terminal 1, and a distance measurement result of the three-dimensional laser projector 2, a rotation angle of the two-degree-of-freedom platform 4 and an image acquired by the visible light camera 3 are respectively transmitted to the control and processing terminal 1;
s3: establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position dimensions of the standard parts: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part through drawing analysis software, and establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position size of the standard part;
s4: projecting the surface of the to-be-measured shape and position size of the part corresponding to the shape and position size of the standard part: taking the target 7 as a reference, placing the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part in the projection area 6, and controlling the three-dimensional laser projector 2 to project the shape and position size of the standard part to the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part;
s5: judging whether the shape and position size of the part to be tested meets the requirements of standard parts: and judging that the shape and position size of the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part based on the alignment of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the shape and position size of the standard part, and generating a detection report.
The shape and position sizes of the standard parts are obtained through the two-dimensional drawings, whether the shape and the size of the part to be measured meet the requirements of the two-dimensional drawings of the standard parts or not is identified and compared by combining a visual detection method of laser projection and image fusion, the shape and the position sizes of the part to be measured can be measured accurately, quickly and comprehensively in a non-contact manner, the measuring accuracy is high, the measuring speed is high, the labor time is saved, and the automatic measurement is convenient to realize.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the coordinates of the target 7 are located in the global coordinate system, and when the light emitted from the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is projected onto the projection area 6, a part of the light is reflected by the target 7, and the feature alignment is realized by the projected standard component form and position size based on the coordinates of the target 7. And comparing the shape and position size of the part to be detected with the shape and position size of the standard part obtained from a two-dimensional drawing to perform alignment, distributing the targets 7 in the projection area 6, and controlling the coordinate parameters of the targets 7 in a global coordinate system, so that the rapid alignment of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the laser profile of the standard shape and position size projected on the surface of the shape and position size of the part to be detected can be completed based on the coordinate parameters of the target.
In the embodiment of the invention, the light emitted by the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is adjusted to cover the projection area 6, and the visible light camera 3 shoots the complete light; preferably, the projection area 6 is a rectangular projection area 6, and at least 4 targets 7 are disposed at the vertices of the rectangular projection area 6. The projection area 6 is a rectangular projection area 6, so that the parts to be measured can be completely arranged in the projection area 6, and when the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is used for projection, at least 4 targets 7 are arranged in the projection area 6 and need to be arranged in the field projection area 6 all the time, so that the continuous projection precision of the three-dimensional laser projector 2 can be ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, the positions of the four holes for placing the target 7 are required to be ensured as accurate as possible, errors are reduced by measuring the side length and the diagonal length of the rectangle formed by the four holes, the equipment adopts the portable tripod 5 and the two-degree-of-freedom tripod head 4, and the target 7 in the ground area needs to be redeployed and calibrated when the erection position and the pose angle change every time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the standard part form and position size comprises the shape, size, embedded part and special confirmation point of the part, and the three-dimensional laser projector 2 projects the form and position size characteristics of the standard part to the surface of the part to be measured in an equal proportion. By introducing the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part into the drawing analysis software, for example, in software AutoCAD, the two-dimensional drawing is analyzed into various shapes, corresponding sizes can be identified, in addition, the embedded part and the special confirmation point contained in the part can be quickly detected, and whether foreign matters are brought in the part production process or not can be detected.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 and the visible light camera 3 are mounted on the tripod 5 via the two-degree-of-freedom tripod head 4, the control and processing terminal 1 is provided on the tripod 5, and the control and processing terminal 1 is connected to the three-dimensional laser projector 2 and the visible light camera 3, respectively.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step S3 specifically includes:
s31: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part according to two-dimensional drawing analysis software, and acquiring the form and position size of the standard part;
s32: calling historical detection data of the shape and position sizes to be detected of the parts, wherein the historical detection data relate to a distance measurement result of the three-dimensional laser projector 2, a rotation angle of the two-degree-of-freedom holder 4 and an image acquired by the visible light camera 3;
s33: determining the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts in the current batch, establishing a projection coordinate system of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts on the surface of the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts, and acquiring the space coordinate parameters of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts.
As shown in fig. 4, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the feature information of the form and position size in the two-dimensional drawing is obtained, statistical analysis needs to be performed on the form and position size information, a reference basis is provided for formulation of a detection process, and an analysis result can provide valuable data for subsequent research.
As shown in fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the tripod 5 of the device is lifted according to the set detection height, number of times and pitch angle, so as to perform positioning at vertical and horizontal latitudes, and the pitch angle and yaw angle of the device can be dynamically adjusted during the detection process, so as to ensure that all key positions of the components can be detected.
The two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is guided into the software AutoCAD, the drawing form and position characteristics can be automatically identified, the outline information of the part can be acquired, in addition, the form and position size characteristics to be detected of the part to be detected are further determined through historical detection data, unnecessary detection is reduced, and the detection efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, a standard image file is imported into software AutoCAD, characteristic lines and contour lines of standard parts are extracted, further relevance parameters are obtained, and a two-dimensional drawing forms a structured model based on characteristic space coordinate parameters and the relevance parameters. The two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is guided into software AutoCAD to be automatically analyzed, the drawing shape and position characteristics are automatically identified, the workload of operators can be greatly reduced, the detection efficiency is improved, the contour information of the part is acquired by adopting the standard image in an auxiliary mode, the edge and some obvious characteristics of the part are automatically identified, the characteristics are automatically distinguished, the detection reliability is improved, and the subjectivity of the operators is overcome.
In an embodiment of the present invention, step S4 specifically includes:
s41: before detecting the shape and position sizes of the parts to be detected, the three-dimensional laser projector calibrates the target according to the coordinate information of the target 7 in the global coordinate system;
s42: after the target calibration is completed, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 projects the outline of the projection area 6 according to the global coordinate system;
s43: the control and processing terminal obtains a standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter corresponding to the to-be-detected form and position size of the projection coordinate system part, and converts the standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter into a corresponding global coordinate system coordinate parameter;
s44: the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part is placed in a projection area 6 by taking a target 7 as a reference, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 projects the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part according to coordinate parameters of a global coordinate system of the shape and position size of the standard part, and the visible light camera 3 acquires image data and transmits the image data to the control and processing terminal 1.
By means of the portable control and processing terminal 1 and the automatic drawing analysis software and the visual detection algorithm of laser and image fusion, whether the shape, the size and the accessory position of a part meet the drawing requirements or not can be quickly identified and compared, the identification and the standard requirements do not meet the requirements and are marked, and quick inspection is realized in the product warehousing stage.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is required to project a standard image of the projection area 6 and standard components for the inspector to confirm whether the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is operating normally. The three-dimensional laser projector 2 needs to project the projection area 6 and the standard image of the standard component, and then identifies the edge of the projection area 6 and the edge of the standard component, so that the detection personnel can confirm whether the three-dimensional laser projector 2 operates normally, and the accuracy of the detection result can be ensured.
In the embodiment of the invention, the control and processing terminal 1 controls the global coordinate system to be automatically aligned with the projection coordinate system, and the three-dimensional laser projector 2 performs equal-proportion projection one by one according to the size characteristics of the form and position to be measured. By utilizing the form and position size characteristic space coordinate parameters of the standard parts, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 projects the space coordinate parameters to the surface of the part to be measured in an equal proportion, so that the automatic alignment of the global coordinate system and the projection coordinate system is realized, and whether the form and position size characteristics of the part to be measured meet the requirements of the standard parts can be judged quickly and efficiently.
As shown in fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present invention, the specific detection flow of step S43 is as follows:
s43 a: performing laser contour projection on the first batch of detection features, for example, 4 outer edges and 5 grooves, if the laser contour of the form and position size of the standard part is overlapped with the part to be detected, judging that the part is qualified, and executing step S43 b; if the laser outline projection of the standard part form and position size is not coincident with the part to be measured, judging that the part is unqualified and marking the part as an abnormal point;
s43 b: performing laser contour projection on the second batch of detection features, for example, 12 circles and 6 rectangles, if the laser contour of the standard part form and position size is overlapped with the part to be detected, determining that the part is qualified, and executing step S43 c; if the laser outline of the standard part form and position size is not coincident with the part to be measured, judging that the part is unqualified and marking the part as an abnormal point;
s43 c: performing laser contour projection on the third batch of detection features, for example, 3 embedded parts and 2 special confirmation points, if the laser contour of the form and position size of the standard part is overlapped with the part to be detected, judging that the part is qualified, and executing step S43 d; if the laser outline of the standard part form and position size is not coincident with the part to be measured, judging that the part is unqualified and marking the part as an abnormal point;
s43 d: the process advances to step S5.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, if the shape and position size of the component to be tested is aligned with the shape and position size of the standard component, the component is determined to be qualified; if not, the abnormal point is judged, and a detection report is generated according to the judgment result.
In the embodiment of the invention, the set detection characteristics can be automatically set according to the individual differences of different parts, the three-dimensional laser projector 2 is further utilized to project the shape and position size characteristics of the standard part to the surface of the part to be detected, and whether the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part is judged according to whether the laser profile is superposed with the part to be detected.
The invention realizes non-contact type part shape and position size detection by adopting a mode of combining laser and images, analyzes a part design drawing through an inspection software module, obtains the shape and position size of the part, and controls the laser projection equipment, the bracket and the fine adjustment structure to project the shape and position size of the part on a real object in equal proportion, so that an operator can visually observe the part defect, and the accuracy and the production efficiency are greatly improved.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly detecting the form and position size of a part is characterized in that the form and position size of a standard part is obtained according to a two-dimensional drawing, a three-dimensional laser projector is controlled to project the form and position size of the standard part to the surface of the form and position size to be detected of the part, and whether the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part or not is judged based on the alignment of the form and position size to be detected of the part and the form and position size of the standard part;
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a global coordinate system based on a projection area: determining a projection area for placing parts according to the size of the standard parts, laying targets in the projection area, establishing a global coordinate system based on the projection area, and acquiring coordinate information of the targets;
s2: arranging a detection device around the projection area: the detection equipment comprises a three-dimensional laser projector, a visible light camera, a two-degree-of-freedom platform, a tripod and a control and processing terminal, and a distance measurement result of the three-dimensional laser projector, a rotation angle of the two-degree-of-freedom platform and an image acquired by the visible light camera are respectively transmitted to the control and processing terminal;
s3: establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position sizes of the standard parts: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part through drawing analysis software, and establishing a projection coordinate system based on the form and position size of the standard part;
s4: projecting the surface of the to-be-measured shape and position size of the part corresponding to the shape and position size of the standard part: taking the target as a reference, placing the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part in a projection area, and controlling a three-dimensional laser projector to project the shape and position size of the standard part to the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part;
s5: judging whether the shape and position size of the part to be tested meets the requirements of standard parts: based on the alignment of the shape and position size of the part to be detected and the shape and position size of the standard part, judging that the shape and position size of the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part, and generating a detection report;
step S3 specifically includes:
s31: acquiring the form and position size of a standard part according to two-dimensional drawing analysis software, and acquiring the form and position size of the standard part;
s32: calling historical detection data of the shape and position sizes to be detected of the parts, wherein the historical detection data relate to a distance measurement result of a three-dimensional laser projector, a rotation angle of a two-degree-of-freedom holder and an image collected by a visible light camera;
s33: determining the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts in the current batch, establishing a projection coordinate system of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts on the surface of the dimension of the shape and position to be measured of the parts, and acquiring the space coordinate parameters of the shape and position dimensions of the standard parts;
step S4 specifically includes:
setting detection characteristics according to individual differences of different parts, then projecting the shape, position and size characteristics of the standard part to the surface of the part to be detected by using a three-dimensional laser projector, and judging whether the part to be detected meets the requirements of the standard part or not by judging whether the laser outline is superposed with the part to be detected or not.
2. The method for rapidly detecting the form and position size of the part as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part is imported into two-dimensional drawing analysis software, the characteristic lines and the contour lines of the form and position size of the standard part are extracted, and the form and position size space coordinate parameters of the standard part are obtained, so that the two-dimensional drawing of the standard part forms a structured model.
3. The method for rapidly detecting the form and position dimensions of the component according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically includes:
s41: before detecting the shape and position sizes of the parts to be detected, the three-dimensional laser projector calibrates the target according to the coordinate information of the target in the global coordinate system;
s42: after the target calibration is completed, the three-dimensional laser projector projects the contour of the projection area according to the global coordinate system;
s43: the control and processing terminal obtains a standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter corresponding to the to-be-detected form and position size of the projection coordinate system part, and converts the standard part form and position size space coordinate parameter into a corresponding global coordinate system coordinate parameter;
s44: the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part is placed in a projection area by taking the target as a reference, the three-dimensional laser projector projects the surface of the shape and position size to be measured of the part according to coordinate parameters of a standard part shape and position size global coordinate system, and the visible light camera collects image data and transmits the image data to the control and processing terminal.
4. The method for rapidly detecting the form and position dimensions of the parts as claimed in claim 3, wherein the control and processing terminal obtains the space coordinate parameters of the form and position dimensions of the standard parts and converts the space coordinate parameters into the coordinate parameters of the corresponding global coordinate system, so as to realize that the form and position dimensions of the standard parts are projected on the surface of the form and position dimensions to be detected of the parts in an equal proportion.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S5, if the form and position size of the component to be tested is aligned with the form and position size of the standard component, the component is determined to be qualified; if not, the abnormal point is judged, and a detection report is generated according to the judgment result.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the target coordinates are located in the global coordinate system, when the light emitted from the three-dimensional laser projector is projected into the projection area, a portion of the light is reflected by the target, and the to-be-measured form size of the component and the corresponding standard form size of the component are aligned based on the target coordinates.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the projection area is a rectangular projection area, and at least 4 targets are disposed at the vertices of the rectangular projection area.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the light emitted from the three-dimensional laser projector is adjusted to cover the projection area, so as to ensure that the visible light camera can shoot complete light, and the control and processing terminal obtains image information to determine whether the shape and position dimensions of the component to be measured and the corresponding standard component shape and position dimensions are aligned in real time.
9. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the form and position dimensions include the shape, size, embedded part and special confirmation point of the component, and the three-dimensional laser projector is controlled to project the standard component form and position dimensions onto the surface of the form and position dimensions to be measured of the component in equal proportion.
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| CN112859189A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 广东美的白色家电技术创新中心有限公司 | Workpiece detection device, detection method, and computer-readable storage medium |
| CN113487567B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2023-07-07 | 广东奥普特科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting dimensional accuracy, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114792036B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-05-16 | 广东工业大学 | Method, equipment and medium for judging conversion from standard part to non-standard part |
| CN115937203B (en) * | 2023-01-09 | 2023-07-04 | 浙江智慧视频安防创新中心有限公司 | Visual detection method, device, equipment and medium based on template matching |
| CN117893535B (en) * | 2024-03-14 | 2024-06-04 | 大连保税区金宝至电子有限公司 | Automatic calling size detection method, system and electronic equipment |
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| CN102297656A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-28 | 昆山意力电路世界有限公司 | Method for rapidly testing symmetry degree of product by comparing product by utilizing a film negative and projector |
| US8922647B2 (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-12-30 | The Boeing Company | Projection aided feature measurement using uncalibrated camera |
| CN102759329A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-31 | 广元博锐精工科技有限公司 | Device and method for detecting precision of tiny and complicated components |
| CN107076539B (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2020-03-10 | 庞巴迪公司 | Laser vision inspection system and method |
| CN108955576B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-02-05 | 湖南东映碳材料科技有限公司 | Multi-line structured light self-calibrating method and system in profile of steel rail dynamic detection |
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