CN111997626A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997626A CN111997626A CN202010939460.6A CN202010939460A CN111997626A CN 111997626 A CN111997626 A CN 111997626A CN 202010939460 A CN202010939460 A CN 202010939460A CN 111997626 A CN111997626 A CN 111997626A
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- grouting
- tunnel
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/155—Laggings made of strips, slats, slabs or sheet piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Abstract
A tunnel construction method aims at constructing tunnels under the condition of vertically penetrating the existing tunnels, and constructs a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure above the tunnels to isolate the two tunnels, so that the mutual influence of the two tunnels is avoided (the construction of the lower tunnel generates disturbance on the upper part, and the dynamic load of the traffic of the upper tunnel generates disturbance on the construction/operation of the lower tunnel). The vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are used as spaces for constructing various grouting steel pipes, so that on one hand, the construction does not disturb the existing tunnel, the construction of the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure and the tunnel excavation do not interfere with each other (can be carried out synchronously), and the tunnel excavation period is not influenced; on the other hand, concrete can be poured in the later period of the vertical small well, the front small lane, the rear small lane, the left small lane and the right small lane to form a supporting structure similar to a circular arch steel-concrete structure, all grouting steel pipes are connected into an integral structure, and even if the individual grouting steel pipes are loosened, the whole tunnel is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a construction method for a tunnel to penetrate through an existing tunnel.
Background
Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground and are a form of human use of underground space. The tunnel can be divided into a traffic tunnel, a hydraulic tunnel, a municipal tunnel, a mine tunnel and the like. With the rapid development of economy in China, in order to adapt to the development of modern cities, more and more tunnels are generated, at the moment, the situation of tunnel interaction is not avoided, the construction depth of the existing tunnel is shallow, and the depth of the newly-built tunnel is deep, so that the situation that the existing tunnel is penetrated under the tunnel is generated, but the settlement of an overlying stratum and even larger disturbance are not avoided in the tunnel excavation process, so that the safety and the service life of the upper tunnel are influenced, and therefore, a construction method for penetrating the existing tunnel under the tunnel, which can ensure that the upper tunnel is not disturbed by the excavation of the lower tunnel and can be safely and permanently used, is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel construction method, wherein the tunnel vertically penetrates the existing tunnel above the tunnel, and before the tunnel penetrates the existing tunnel, that is, before the tunnel is constructed to affect the existing tunnel, the method comprises the following construction steps: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells on two sides of a tunnel at the same time, wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells are required to ensure that the existing tunnel is not influenced during construction, the distance between each vertical small well and the tunnel is the same, the distance between each vertical small well and the existing tunnel is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel;
s1.2, constructing front and rear small lanes at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells, wherein the front and rear small lanes penetrate through the two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the tunnel, and are parallel to the tunnel;
s1.3, constructing a left lane and a right lane near the middle section of the vertical small well, wherein the left lane and the right lane penetrate through two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel, the left lane and the right lane are parallel to the existing tunnel, and the lowest end of the left lane and the right lane is higher than the top end of the tunnel by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing a first grouting steel pipe obliquely from the front lane to the rear lane to the upper side of the tunnel, wherein the first grouting steel pipe is vertical to the tunnel, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipe can be grouted, and the front space and the rear space of the first grouting steel pipe ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated;
s1.5, constructing second grouting steel pipes from the left lane and the right lane, wherein the second grouting steel pipes are parallel to the tunnel, and the left and right spacing of the second grouting steel pipes ensures that grouting slurry can be communicated; the radial section of the second grouting steel pipe forms an arc shape, and the second grouting steel pipes 8 at the left end and the right end are abutted against the top end of the first grouting steel pipe 7;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe, so that a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel and below the existing tunnel;
s1.7, constructing third grouting steel pipes from front and rear small roadways to a direction far away from the tunnel, wherein the third grouting steel pipes are arranged in multiple rows such as two rows and multiple rows from top to bottom, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first steel pipes, and grouting is performed on the third grouting steel pipes on the same radial section to form a base of a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure, so that the force borne by the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure can be transferred to a far place;
s1.8, connecting two end parts of the second grouting steel pipe by adopting a second connecting structure; the first grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys and connected by adopting a first connecting structure, the third grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys and connected by adopting a third connecting structure, and meanwhile, the first grouting steel pipe and the third grouting steel pipe are positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys or connected with the third connecting structure;
s1.9, descending a reinforcement cage from a vertical small well and connecting the reinforcement cage with a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure and a third connecting structure at the end parts; pouring concrete from the vertical small well, and filling the front and rear small lanes, the left and right small lanes and the vertical small well;
after the above procedures are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel is constructed to the existing tunnel, and the following construction steps are carried out: s2.1, excavating the tunnel, constructing support grouting steel pipes in time after excavation, wherein the support grouting steel pipes comprise long grouting steel pipes and short grouting steel pipes, the long grouting steel pipes and the short grouting steel pipes are arranged in a staggered mode on the same radial section, the middle support grouting steel pipe is the long grouting steel pipe, the short grouting steel pipes are arranged on two sides next to the long grouting steel pipes, and the support grouting steel pipes are alternately arranged on two sides;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe and the short grouting steel pipe, grouting of the long grouting steel pipe is firstly carried out, gaps generated at the lower parts of the similar circular arch type steel-concrete structure close to the soil and stones and formed by sinking of the soil and stones after tunnel excavation are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved; then, carrying out short grouting steel pipe grouting to reinforce and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel;
s2.3, the ends of the support grouting steel pipes are connected through steel belts, each steel belt is connected with the front support grouting steel pipe and the rear support grouting steel pipe, and the steel belts which are adjacent in the radial direction are arranged in a staggered mode in the axial direction; a steel arch is arranged between the front row of supporting grouting steel pipes and the rear row of supporting grouting steel pipes, and the steel arch supports the steel belt so as to support the supporting grouting steel pipes;
s2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel penetrates through the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure.
Preferably, the tunnel may be circular, or semi-circular arch-shaped.
Preferably, the cross sections of the vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are as small as possible on the premise of meeting the construction requirements of various grouting steel pipes.
Preferably, corresponding support can be carried out after the front and rear alleys and/or the left and right alleys are constructed, and the support structure can be welded with the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe into a whole at the later stage.
Preferably, in step S1.4, two first grouting steel pipes may be constructed at a time on the first grouting steel pipe at the same axial position, so that the deep positions of the first grouting steel pipes intersect to form an X shape, and the intersecting positions are close to and under the second grouting steel pipes at the left and right sides to form a lifting action on the second grouting steel pipes.
Preferably, in the step S1.7, a third grouting steel pipe is constructed from the front and rear alleys to the direction close to the tunnel, the position of the third grouting steel pipe corresponds to the position of the third grouting steel pipe constructed in the direction far away from the tunnel one by one, and grouting is performed from the third grouting steel pipe, so that the circular arch-like steel-concrete structure and the base form a closed structure to surround the tunnel.
Preferably, step S1.8 further includes a step of constructing a steel pipe obliquely upward from the left and right alleys, one end of the steel pipe is welded to the second connecting structure, and the other end of the steel pipe is exposed to the vertical shaft to be welded to the reinforcement cage in step S1.9.
Preferably, step S2.1 further includes a construction step of constructing a fourth grouting steel pipe from the bottom of the tunnel, constructing the fourth grouting steel pipe to a base formed by the third grouting steel pipe, and performing grouting through the fourth grouting steel pipe.
Preferably, the step S2.3 may also adopt a construction that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, i.e. no leakage occurs, the construction position of the steel arch is located at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, and a circular pipe is welded at the position of the steel arch corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, so that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the circular pipe, and the circular pipe finally penetrates into the earth and the stone.
Preferably, in step S1, the grouting may be performed in a unified manner after various grouting steel pipes are constructed.
Preferably, all kinds of grouting steel pipes are connected in a multi-section connection mode, all kinds of grouting steel pipes can be driven by a drill bit to drill into a set construction position, and finally the drill bit and the grouting steel pipes are left in the earth and the stone together.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. aiming at constructing a tunnel under the condition of vertically penetrating the existing tunnel, the construction of a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure above the tunnel is provided to isolate the two tunnels, so that the mutual influence of the two tunnels is avoided (the construction of the lower tunnel generates disturbance on the upper part, and the dynamic load of the vehicle passing through the upper tunnel generates disturbance on the construction/operation of the lower tunnel), and the circular arch type structure has strong stability and is not afraid of the load generated by the upper part.
2. The vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are used as spaces for constructing various grouting steel pipes creatively, on one hand, the construction does not disturb the existing tunnel, the construction similar to a circular arch steel-concrete structure and the tunnel excavation do not interfere with each other (can be carried out synchronously), the tunnel excavation period is not influenced, and the problems that the construction is complicated and not beneficial to the construction are avoided; on the other hand, concrete can be poured in the vertical small well, the front small lane, the rear small lane, the left small lane and the right small lane at the later stage to form a supporting structure similar to a circular arch steel-concrete structure, all grouting steel pipes are connected into an integral structure (a connecting structure and the grouting concrete), and even if the individual grouting steel pipes are loosened, the influence on the whole tunnel is not generated (the adjacent structures generate a supporting assisting effect).
3. The similar circular arch steel-concrete structure construction mode is that the top (arch part) adopts a horizontal grouting steel pipe (similar pipe curtain), and the two sides adopt vertical grouting steel pipes, so that the grouting steel pipes at the side part can support the horizontal grouting steel pipe at the top; the side grouting steel pipe can adopt an X-shaped structure; in addition, a base is constructed for the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure, and the stress can be transmitted to a remote place.
4. The tunnel support grouting steel pipe adopts alternate length arrangement, and long grouting steel pipe can carry out the slip casting to the deep and consolidate, plays the effect of hanging in midair, firmly grasps deep soil stone, and short grouting steel pipe can consolidate the near soil stone in tunnel and be connected as an organic wholely with deep soil stone. During grouting, the long grouting steel pipe is firstly grouted, gaps generated at the lower part of the place, close to the soil and the stone, where the soil and the stone sink in the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure after tunnel excavation can be filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high place to a low place, and the grouting effect is improved.
5. The end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, the construction position of the steel arch is located at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, and a round pipe is welded at the position, corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, of the steel arch, so that the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the round pipe, the anchoring procedure of the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be simplified, the supporting grouting steel pipe is prevented from loosening, and the supporting grouting steel pipes are connected together (the use of steel belts is saved).
6. The steel belt is only connected with the front supporting grouting steel pipe and the rear supporting grouting steel pipe, the using amount is saved, all supporting grouting steel pipes can be connected into an integral structure through the staggered arrangement mode, the whole stress is achieved, and the stability is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tunnel construction structure.
Fig. 2 is a radial sectional view of the tunnel construction structure of step S1.
Fig. 3 is a radial sectional view of the tunnel construction structure of step S2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a steel strip staggering arrangement.
In the figure, a tunnel 1 is already available; a tunnel 2; a vertical well 3; front and rear lanes 4; a left lane and a right lane 5; a third grouting steel pipe 6; a first grouting steel pipe 7; a second slip casting steel pipe 8; a long grouting steel pipe 9; a short grouting steel pipe 10; a steel belt 11; a steel arch 12.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a tunnel construction method, in which a tunnel 2 vertically penetrates an existing tunnel 1 located above the tunnel, includes the following construction steps before the tunnel 2 penetrates the existing tunnel 1, that is, before the tunnel 2 is constructed to affect the existing tunnel 1: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells 3 on two sides of a tunnel 2 and on two sides of an existing tunnel 1 (a top view in figure 1 and in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system formed by the tunnel 2 and the existing tunnel 1), wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells 3 need to ensure that the construction does not affect the existing tunnel 1, the distance from each vertical small well 3 to the tunnel 2 is the same, the distance from each vertical small well 3 to the existing tunnel 1 is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well 3 is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel 2;
s1.2, constructing front and rear small lanes 4 at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells 3, wherein the front and rear small lanes 4 penetrate through the two vertical small wells 3 positioned on the same side of the tunnel 2, and the front and rear small lanes 4 are parallel to the tunnel 2;
s1.3, constructing a left lane 5 and a right lane 5 near the middle section of the vertical small well 3, wherein the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 penetrate through two vertical small wells 2 positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel 1, the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 are parallel to the existing tunnel 1, and the lowest ends of the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 are higher than the top end of the tunnel 2 by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing a first grouting steel pipe 7 obliquely above the tunnel 2 from the front lane 4 and the rear lane 4, wherein the first grouting steel pipe 7 is perpendicular to the tunnel 2, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipe 7 can be grouted, and the front space and the rear space of the first grouting steel pipe 7 ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated;
s1.5, constructing a second grouting steel pipe 8 from the left small lane 5 and the right small lane 5, wherein the second grouting steel pipe 8 is parallel to the tunnel 2, and the left space and the right space of the second grouting steel pipe 8 ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated; the radial section (figure 2) of the second grouting steel pipe 8 forms an arc shape, and the second grouting steel pipes 8 at the left end and the right end are intersected (abutted) with the top end of the first grouting steel pipe 7;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through a first grouting steel pipe 7 and a second grouting steel pipe 8, so that a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel 2 and below the existing tunnel 1;
s1.7, constructing third grouting steel pipes 6 from the front and rear small lanes 4 to the direction far away from the tunnel 2, wherein the third grouting steel pipes 6 are arranged in multiple rows, such as two rows, in the front and rear direction, and are arranged in multiple rows, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first steel pipes 7, and grouting is performed on the same radial section from the third grouting steel pipes 6, so that a base of a circular arch-like steel-concrete structure is formed, and the force borne by the circular arch-like steel-concrete structure can be transferred to a far place;
s1.8, connecting two end parts (positioned in the left lane 5 and the right lane 5) of a second grouting steel pipe 8 by adopting a second connecting structure; one ends of the first grouting steel pipes 7, which are positioned in the front and rear small lanes 4, are connected by adopting a first connecting structure, one ends of the third grouting steel pipes 6, which are positioned in the front and rear small lanes 4, are connected by adopting a third connecting structure, and meanwhile, the first connecting structure and the third grouting steel pipes 6 are positioned at one ends of the front and rear small lanes 4 or are connected with the third connecting structure;
s1.9, descending a reinforcement cage from the vertical small well 3 and connecting the reinforcement cage with a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure and a third connecting structure (close to the vertical small well) at the end parts; pouring concrete from the vertical small well 3, and filling the front and rear small lanes 4, the left and right small lanes 5 and the vertical small well 3;
after the above steps are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel 2 is constructed to the existing tunnel 1, and the following construction steps are carried out: s2.1, excavating a tunnel 2, constructing support grouting steel pipes in time after excavation, wherein the support grouting steel pipes comprise long grouting steel pipes 9 and short grouting steel pipes 10, and the long grouting steel pipes 9 and the short grouting steel pipes 10 are arranged in a staggered mode on the same radial section (in each row), wherein the support grouting steel pipe in the middle (right above the central line of the tunnel 2) is the long grouting steel pipe 9, and the short grouting steel pipes 10 are arranged on two sides next to the two sides alternately;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe 9 and the short grouting steel pipe 10, grouting is carried out on the long grouting steel pipe 9 firstly, gaps generated at the lower part of the place where the soil and the stone sink to the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure clings to the soil and the stone after the tunnel 2 is excavated are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high place to a low place, and the grouting effect is improved; then, grouting the short grouting steel pipe 10 to strengthen and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel 2;
s2.3, the ends of the support grouting steel pipes are connected through steel belts 11, each steel belt 11 is connected with the front support grouting steel pipe and the rear support grouting steel pipe, and the steel belts 11 which are adjacent in the radial direction are arranged in a staggered mode in the axial direction; a steel arch 12 is arranged between the front row of supporting grouting steel pipes and the rear row of supporting grouting steel pipes, and the steel belts 11 are supported through the steel arch 12 so as to support the supporting grouting steel pipes;
s2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel penetrates through the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure.
Preferably, the tunnel 2 may be circular, or semi-circular arch-shaped.
Preferably, the cross sections of the vertical small well 3, the front and rear small roadways 4 and the left and right small roadways 5 are as small as possible on the premise of meeting the construction requirements of various grouting steel pipes.
Preferably, corresponding support can be carried out after the front and rear small lanes 4 and/or the left and right small lanes 5 are constructed, and the support structure can be welded with the first grouting steel pipe 7 and the second grouting steel pipe 8 into a whole at the later stage.
Preferably, in step S1.4, two first steel grouting pipes 7 may be constructed at a time on the first steel grouting pipe 7 at the same axial position (the same radial section), so that the deep positions of the first steel grouting pipes 7 intersect to form an X shape, and the intersecting position is immediately below the second steel grouting pipes 8 at the left and right sides, so as to form a lifting action on the second steel grouting pipes 8 (fig. 2, right half-plane view).
Preferably, in the step S1.7, a third grouting steel pipe 6 is constructed from the front and rear alleys 4 to the direction close to the tunnel 2, the positions of the third grouting steel pipes 6 are in one-to-one correspondence with the positions of the third grouting steel pipes 6 constructed in the direction far away from the tunnel 2, and grouting is performed from the third grouting steel pipes 6, so that the circular arch-like steel-concrete structure and the base form a closed structure to surround the tunnel 2.
Preferably, step S1.8 further includes a step of constructing a steel pipe obliquely upward from the left and right alleys 5, wherein one end of the steel pipe is welded to the second connecting structure, and the other end of the steel pipe is exposed to the vertical shaft to be welded to the reinforcement cage in step S1.9.
Preferably, step S2.1 further includes a construction step of constructing a fourth grouting steel pipe from the bottom of the tunnel 2, constructing the fourth grouting steel pipe to a base formed by the third grouting steel pipe 6, and performing grouting through the fourth grouting steel pipe.
Preferably, the step S2.3 may also adopt a construction that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel 2, i.e. no leakage occurs, the construction position of the steel arch 12 is located at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, and a circular pipe is welded at the position of the steel arch 12 corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, so that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the circular pipe, and the circular pipe finally penetrates into the earth and the stone.
Preferably, in step S1, the grouting may be performed in a unified manner after various grouting steel pipes are constructed.
Preferably, the various grouting steel pipes are formed by connecting a plurality of sections in a continuous (such as threaded connection) mode, the various grouting steel pipes can be driven by a drill bit to drill into a set construction position, and finally the drill bit and the grouting steel pipes are left in the earth and the stone together.
Claims (9)
1. A tunnel construction method, wherein the tunnel vertically downwards penetrates an existing tunnel above the tunnel, and before the tunnel downwards penetrates the existing tunnel, namely before the tunnel is constructed to influence the existing tunnel, the tunnel construction method comprises the following construction steps: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells on two sides of a tunnel at the same time, wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells are required to ensure that the existing tunnel is not influenced during construction, the distance between each vertical small well and the tunnel is the same, the distance between each vertical small well and the existing tunnel is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel;
s1.2, constructing front and rear small lanes at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells, wherein the front and rear small lanes penetrate through the two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the tunnel, and are parallel to the tunnel;
s1.3, constructing a left lane and a right lane near the middle section of the vertical small well, wherein the left lane and the right lane penetrate through two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel, the left lane and the right lane are parallel to the existing tunnel, and the lowest end of the left lane and the right lane is higher than the top end of the tunnel by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing a first grouting steel pipe obliquely from the front lane to the rear lane to the upper side of the tunnel, wherein the first grouting steel pipe is vertical to the tunnel, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipe can be grouted, and the front space and the rear space of the first grouting steel pipe ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated;
s1.5, constructing second grouting steel pipes from the left lane and the right lane, wherein the second grouting steel pipes are parallel to the tunnel, and the left and right spacing of the second grouting steel pipes ensures that grouting slurry can be communicated; the radial section of the second grouting steel pipe forms an arc shape, and the second grouting steel pipes 8 at the left end and the right end are abutted against the top end of the first grouting steel pipe 7;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe, so that a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel and below the existing tunnel;
s1.7, constructing third grouting steel pipes from front and rear small roadways to a direction far away from the tunnel, wherein the third grouting steel pipes are arranged in multiple rows such as two rows and multiple rows from top to bottom, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first steel pipes, and grouting is performed on the third grouting steel pipes on the same radial section to form a base of a similar circular arch steel-concrete structure, so that the force borne by the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure can be transferred to a far place;
s1.8, connecting two end parts of the second grouting steel pipe by adopting a second connecting structure; the first grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys and connected by adopting a first connecting structure, the third grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys and connected by adopting a third connecting structure, and meanwhile, the first grouting steel pipe and the third grouting steel pipe are positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys or connected with the third connecting structure;
s1.9, descending a reinforcement cage from a vertical small well and connecting the reinforcement cage with a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure and a third connecting structure at the end parts; pouring concrete from the vertical small well, and filling the front and rear small lanes, the left and right small lanes and the vertical small well;
after the above procedures are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel is constructed to the existing tunnel, and the following construction steps are carried out: s2.1, excavating the tunnel, constructing support grouting steel pipes in time after excavation, wherein the support grouting steel pipes comprise long grouting steel pipes and short grouting steel pipes, the long grouting steel pipes and the short grouting steel pipes are arranged in a staggered mode on the same radial section, the middle support grouting steel pipe is the long grouting steel pipe, the short grouting steel pipes are arranged on two sides next to the long grouting steel pipes, and the support grouting steel pipes are alternately arranged on two sides;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe and the short grouting steel pipe, grouting of the long grouting steel pipe is firstly carried out, gaps generated at the lower parts of the similar circular arch type steel-concrete structure close to the soil and stones and formed by sinking of the soil and stones after tunnel excavation are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved; then, carrying out short grouting steel pipe grouting to reinforce and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel;
s2.3, the ends of the support grouting steel pipes are connected through steel belts, each steel belt is connected with the front support grouting steel pipe and the rear support grouting steel pipe, and the steel belts which are adjacent in the radial direction are arranged in a staggered mode in the axial direction; a steel arch is arranged between the front row of supporting grouting steel pipes and the rear row of supporting grouting steel pipes, and the steel arch supports the steel belt so as to support the supporting grouting steel pipes;
s2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel penetrates through the similar circular arch steel-concrete structure.
2. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the vertical shaft, the front and rear alleys, and the left and right alleys is as small as possible on the premise of satisfying various construction requirements of the steel pipe grouting.
3. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein corresponding supports are formed after the front and rear alleys and/or the left and right alleys are constructed, and the support structure can be welded with the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe into a whole at a later stage.
4. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1.4, two first steel pipes can be constructed at a time from the first steel pipes at the same axial position, so that the deep positions of the first steel pipes intersect to form an X shape, and the intersecting position is immediately under the second steel pipes at the left and right sides to form a lifting action on the second steel pipes.
5. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of constructing third grouting steel pipes from the front and rear alleys in the direction close to the tunnel, the third grouting steel pipes being constructed in positions corresponding to the third grouting steel pipes in the direction away from the tunnel, and grouting from the third grouting steel pipes so that the circular arch-like steel-concrete structure and the base form a closed structure to surround the tunnel.
6. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2.1 further comprises the step of constructing a fourth steel grouting pipe from the bottom of the tunnel, constructing the fourth steel grouting pipe to a base formed by the third steel grouting pipe, and grouting through the fourth steel grouting pipe.
7. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein preferably, the step S2.3 can also adopt a construction that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, i.e. no leakage occurs, the construction position of the steel arch is located at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, and a round pipe is welded at the position of the steel arch corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, so that the end of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the round pipe, and the round pipe finally penetrates into the earth and stone.
8. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the grouting may be performed in a unified manner after various types of grouting steel pipes are constructed.
9. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein preferably, each type of grouting steel pipe is connected in a multi-stage connection manner, each type of grouting steel pipe can be driven by a drill bit to drill into a set construction position, and finally, the drill bit and the grouting steel pipe are left in earth and stone together.
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