CN111997628B - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997628B CN111997628B CN202010943944.8A CN202010943944A CN111997628B CN 111997628 B CN111997628 B CN 111997628B CN 202010943944 A CN202010943944 A CN 202010943944A CN 111997628 B CN111997628 B CN 111997628B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
Abstract
A tunnel construction method aims at constructing tunnels under the condition of vertically penetrating existing tunnels, and provides a method for constructing a portal steel-concrete structure above the tunnels to isolate two tunnels so as to avoid mutual influence of the two tunnels (the construction of a lower tunnel generates disturbance on the upper part, and the dynamic load of the traffic of the upper tunnel generates disturbance on the construction/operation of the lower tunnel). The vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are used as spaces for constructing various grouting steel pipes, so that on one hand, the construction does not disturb the existing tunnel, the construction door type steel-concrete structure and the tunnel excavation do not interfere with each other (can be carried out synchronously), the tunnel excavation period is not influenced, and the problems that the construction is complicated and not beneficial to the construction are avoided; on the other hand, concrete can be poured in the later stage of the vertical small well, the front small lane, the rear small lane, the left small lane and the right small lane to form a supporting structure of a door-shaped steel-concrete structure, all grouting steel pipes are connected into an integral structure, and even if the individual grouting steel pipes are loosened, the whole tunnel is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a construction method for a tunnel to penetrate through an existing tunnel.
Background
Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground and are a form of human use of underground space. The tunnel can be divided into a traffic tunnel, a hydraulic tunnel, a municipal tunnel, a mine tunnel and the like. Along with the rapid development of economy in China, in order to adapt to the development of modern cities, more and more tunnels are formed, at the moment, the situation of tunnel interaction is not avoided, the construction depth of the existing tunnel is shallow, the depth of the newly-built tunnel is deep, and therefore the situation that the existing tunnel is penetrated under the tunnel is formed, but the settlement of an overlying stratum or even greater disturbance is not avoided in the tunnel excavation process, so that the safety and the service life of the tunnel are influenced, and therefore, a construction method which can ensure that the tunnel is not disturbed by the excavation of the tunnel below and can be safely and permanently used is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel construction method, wherein the tunnel vertically penetrates the existing tunnel above the tunnel, and before the tunnel penetrates the existing tunnel, that is, before the tunnel is constructed to affect the existing tunnel, the method comprises the following construction steps: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells on two sides of a tunnel at the same time, wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells are required to ensure that the existing tunnel is not influenced during construction, the distance between each vertical small well and the tunnel is the same, the distance between each vertical small well and the existing tunnel is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel;
s1.2, constructing a front and a rear small lanes at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells, wherein the front and the rear small lanes penetrate through the two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the tunnel, and are parallel to the tunnel;
s1.3, constructing a left small lane and a right small lane near the middle section of the vertical small well, wherein the left small lane and the right small lane penetrate through two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel, the left small lane and the right small lane are parallel to the existing tunnel, and the bottommost end of the left small lane and the right small lane is higher than the top end of the tunnel by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing first grouting steel pipes from front and rear small lanes to the right upper side, wherein the first grouting steel pipes are perpendicular to the tunnel, the first grouting steel pipes are arranged in rows from front to back and are arranged in rows from left to right, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipes can be grouted, and the front, rear, left and right intervals of the first grouting steel pipes ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated;
s1.5, constructing second grouting steel pipes from the left lane and the right lane, wherein the second grouting steel pipes are parallel to the tunnel, the second grouting steel pipes are horizontally arranged in rows, and can be arranged in one row or multiple rows, and the left and right spacing of the second grouting steel pipes ensures that grouting slurry can be communicated; the lower parts of the second grouting steel pipes at the left end and the right end are abutted against the top end of the first grouting steel pipe;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe, so that a portal steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel and below the existing tunnel;
s1.7, constructing third grouting steel pipes from the front and rear small roadways to the direction far away from the tunnel, wherein the third grouting steel pipes are horizontally arranged, are vertically arranged in a plurality of rows and are arranged in a plurality of rows, the distance between the front row and the rear row is the same as that of the first steel pipe, but is slightly staggered with the axial position of the first steel pipe, namely the third grouting steel pipes are not in the same radial section but are close to the first steel pipe, grouting is carried out on the third grouting steel pipes to form a base of a door-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the force borne by the door-shaped steel-concrete structure can be transferred to a far place;
s1.8, constructing fourth grouting steel pipes from front and rear small lanes to the lower part in a divergent manner, wherein the fourth grouting steel pipes are arranged in a plurality of rows in front and rear, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first steel pipes, and grouting is performed from the fourth grouting steel pipes on the same radial section to form a base of the door-shaped steel-concrete structure, so that the force applied to the door-shaped steel-concrete structure can be transferred to the deep part;
s1.9, connecting two ends of the second grouting steel pipe by adopting a connecting structure; the first grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, the third grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, and the fourth grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, is cut into a circle and is abutted against the circular steel roller;
s1.10, putting a reinforcement cage in the vertical small well, and connecting the reinforcement cage with a connecting structure at the end part and a round steel roller; pouring concrete from the vertical small well, and filling the front and rear small lanes, the left and right small lanes and the vertical small well;
after the above steps are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel is constructed to the existing tunnel, and the following construction steps are carried out: s2.1, excavating the tunnel, and constructing a supporting grouting steel pipe in time after excavation, wherein the supporting grouting steel pipe comprises a long grouting steel pipe and a short grouting steel pipe, and the long grouting steel pipe and the short grouting steel pipe are arranged in a staggered manner on the same radial section, wherein the supporting grouting steel pipe at the middle is the long grouting steel pipe, and the short grouting steel pipes are arranged close to the two sides so as to be alternately arranged towards the two sides;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe and the short grouting steel pipe, grouting of the long grouting steel pipe is firstly carried out, gaps generated at the lower parts of the positions, close to the soil and stones, of the soil and stones sunken in the gate-type steel-concrete structure after tunnel excavation are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved; then, carrying out short grouting steel pipe grouting to reinforce and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel;
and S2.3, the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, namely, the supporting grouting steel pipe does not leak outside, the construction position of the steel arch is positioned at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, a round pipe is welded at the position, corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, of the steel arch, so that the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the round pipe, and the round pipe finally penetrates into the earth and the stone.
S2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel passes through the portal steel-concrete structure.
Preferably, the tunnel may be circular, or semi-circular arch-shaped.
Preferably, the cross sections of the vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are as small as possible on the premise of meeting the construction requirements of various grouting steel pipes.
Preferably, the front and rear alleys and/or the left and right alleys can be correspondingly supported.
Preferably, in step S1.5, the distance between the second grouting steel pipes at the end portions in the horizontal direction is smaller than that at the middle portion, so as to ensure that the first grouting steel pipe at the bottom portion can abut against the second grouting steel pipe.
Preferably, step S1.7 further includes a construction step of constructing a horizontal third grouting steel pipe from the front and rear small roadways to the direction close to the tunnel, where the position of the third grouting steel pipe corresponds to the position of the third grouting steel pipe constructed in the direction away from the tunnel one by one, and grouting is performed from the third grouting steel pipe to form a mouth-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the mouth-shaped steel-concrete structure forms a closed structure to surround the tunnel.
Preferably, in step S1.9, circular grooves for accommodating the ends of the first, third and fourth grouting steel pipes are fixed to the outer ring of the circular steel roller, each circular groove includes two semicircular grooves, the first semicircular groove is welded to the outer ring of the circular steel roller, one end of the second semicircular groove is hinged to the first semicircular groove, and the other end of the second semicircular groove is fixedly connected to the first semicircular groove through a nut; the positions of the circular grooves correspond to the positions of the end parts of the first grouting steel pipe, the fourth grouting steel pipe and the slightly staggered third grouting steel pipe in the same row one by one; when the grouting steel pipe is installed, the first semicircular groove is unfolded, the circular steel roller is pushed in the front lane and the rear lane, so that the end part of the first grouting steel pipe, the end part of the fourth grouting steel pipe and the end part of the third grouting steel pipe enter the first semicircular groove, and then the second semicircular groove is fixed through the nut.
Preferably, in the step S1, the grouting can be performed in a unified manner after various grouting steel pipes are constructed.
Preferably, all kinds of grouting steel pipes are connected in a multi-section connection mode, all kinds of grouting steel pipes can be driven by a drill bit to drill into a set construction position, and finally the drill bit and the grouting steel pipes are left in the earth and the stone together.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. aiming at constructing a tunnel under the condition of vertically penetrating the existing tunnel, a door-shaped steel-concrete structure is constructed above the tunnel to isolate the two tunnels, so that the mutual influence of the two tunnels is avoided (the construction of the lower tunnel disturbs the upper part, and the dynamic load of the vehicle passing through the upper tunnel disturbs the construction/operation of the lower tunnel).
2. The vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the left and right small lanes are used as spaces for constructing various grouting steel pipes creatively, on one hand, the construction does not disturb the existing tunnel, the construction door type steel-concrete structure and the tunnel excavation do not interfere with each other (can be carried out synchronously), the tunnel excavation period is not influenced, and the problems that the shape is complicated and the construction is not facilitated are solved; on the other hand, concrete can be poured in the vertical small well, the front and rear small lanes and the rear and left and right small lanes at the later stage to form a support structure of a portal steel-concrete structure, all grouting steel pipes are connected into an integral structure (a connecting structure, a round steel rod and the poured concrete), and even if the individual grouting steel pipes are loosened, the whole tunnel is not influenced (the adjacent structures generate support assisting effect).
3. The door-shaped steel-concrete structure construction mode is that horizontal grouting steel pipes (similar pipe curtains) are adopted at the top, and vertical grouting steel pipes are adopted at two sides, so that the grouting steel pipes at the side parts can support the horizontal grouting steel pipes at the top, and the support structure has higher structural stability compared with the pipe curtains which only adopt the horizontal grouting steel pipes in the prior art; moreover, a base is constructed for the door-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the stress can be transmitted to a remote place; in addition, the bottom base of the construction is in a divergent shape similar to a tree root, so that the door-shaped steel-concrete structure is further prevented from settling towards the lower part.
4. The tunnel support grouting steel pipe adopts alternate length arrangement, and long grouting steel pipe can carry out the slip casting to the deep and consolidate, plays the effect of hanging in midair, firmly grasps deep soil stone, and short grouting steel pipe can consolidate the near soil stone in tunnel and be connected as an organic wholely with deep soil stone. During grouting, the long grouting steel pipe is firstly grouted, gaps generated at the lower parts of the gate-shaped steel-concrete structures, which are attached to the soil and stones, and the soil and stones subsided after tunnel excavation can be filled, grouting is performed from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved.
5. The end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, the construction position of the steel arch is located at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, and a round pipe is welded at the position, corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, of the steel arch, so that the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the round pipe, the anchoring procedure of the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be simplified, the supporting grouting steel pipe is prevented from loosening, and the supporting grouting steel pipes are connected together (the use of steel belts is saved).
6. The circular steel bar structure and the outer ring circular groove thereof creatively provided can simplify the anchoring procedure of the end part of the grouting steel pipe, and simultaneously connect the grouting steel pipes in different directions into an integral structure to bear force integrally; the stress stability of the outer part of the circular structure is strong, and the force applied to the circular steel rod by the grouting steel pipe at the opposite position can be offset; in addition, the two semi-circular groove structures are beneficial to installation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tunnel construction structure.
Fig. 2 is a radial sectional view of the tunnel construction structure of step S1.
Fig. 3 is a radial sectional view of the tunnel construction structure of step S2.
Figure 4 is a (only partially) expanded view of a round steel roll.
In the figure, a tunnel 1 is already present; a tunnel 2; a vertical well 3; front and rear small lanes 4; a left lane and a right lane 5; a third grouting steel pipe 6; a first grouting steel pipe 7; a second slip casting steel pipe 8; a long grouting steel pipe 9; a short grouting steel pipe 10; a fourth slip casting steel pipe 11; a round steel roll 12; an outer ring 12-1; a first semicircular groove 12-2; a second semicircular groove 12-3; one end 12-4; and the other end 12-5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a tunnel construction method, in which a tunnel 2 vertically penetrates an existing tunnel 1 located above the tunnel, includes the following construction steps before the tunnel 2 penetrates the existing tunnel 1, that is, before the tunnel 2 is constructed to affect the existing tunnel 1: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells 3 on two sides of a tunnel 2 and two sides of an existing tunnel 1 (a top view in figure 1 and in four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system formed by the tunnel 2 and the existing tunnel 1), wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells 3 need to ensure that the construction does not influence the existing tunnel 1, the distance from each vertical small well 3 to the tunnel 2 is the same, the distance from the existing tunnel 1 is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well 3 is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel 2;
s1.2, constructing front and rear small lanes 4 at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells 3, wherein the front and rear small lanes 4 penetrate through the two vertical small wells 3 positioned on the same side of the tunnel 2, and the front and rear small lanes 4 are parallel to the tunnel 2;
s1.3, constructing a left lane 5 and a right lane 5 near the middle section of the vertical small well 3, wherein the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 penetrate through two vertical small wells 2 positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel 1, the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 are parallel to the existing tunnel 1, and the lowest ends of the left lane 5 and the right lane 5 are higher than the top end of the tunnel 2 by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing a first grouting steel pipe 7 from the front lane 4 to the right above, wherein the first grouting steel pipe 7 is perpendicular to the tunnel 2, the first grouting steel pipes 7 are arranged in rows from front to back, the left side and the right side, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipes 7 can be grouted, and the front-back distance and the left-right distance of the first grouting steel pipes 7 ensure that grouting slurry can be communicated;
s1.5, constructing second grouting steel pipes 8 from the left and right small roadways 5, wherein the second grouting steel pipes 8 are parallel to the tunnel 2, the second grouting steel pipes 8 are horizontally arranged in rows and can be arranged in one row or multiple rows, and the left and right spacing of the second grouting steel pipes 8 ensures that grouting slurry can be communicated; the lower parts of the second grouting steel pipes 8 at the left end and the right end are intersected (abutted) with the top end of the first grouting steel pipe 7;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through a first grouting steel pipe 7 and a second grouting steel pipe 8, so that a door-shaped steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel 2 and below the existing tunnel 1;
s1.7, constructing a third grouting steel pipe 6 from the front lane 4 and the rear lane 4 to the direction far away from the tunnel 2, horizontally arranging the third grouting steel pipe 6, forming a plurality of rows of the third grouting steel pipe 6 from top to bottom and forming a plurality of rows from front to back, wherein the distance between the rows of the third grouting steel pipe 6 and the rows of the third grouting steel pipe is the same as that between the rows of the third grouting steel pipe 6 and the rows of the third grouting steel pipe 6, but the third grouting steel pipe is slightly staggered with the axial position of the first steel pipe 7, namely the third grouting steel pipe is not in the same radial section but is close to the first steel pipe, grouting is carried out from the third grouting steel pipe 6 to form a base of a door-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the force borne by the door-shaped steel-concrete structure can be transferred to a far place;
s1.8, constructing fourth grouting steel pipes 11 from front and rear small lanes 4 to the lower part in a divergent manner, wherein the fourth grouting steel pipes 11 are arranged in a plurality of rows in front and rear, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first steel pipes 7, and grouting is performed on the fourth grouting steel pipes 11 on the same radial section to form a base of a door-shaped steel-concrete structure, so that the force applied to the door-shaped steel-concrete structure can be transferred to the deep part;
s1.9, connecting two end parts (positioned in the left lane 5 and the right lane 5) of the second grouting steel pipe 8 by adopting a connecting structure; the end parts of the first grouting steel pipe 7, the third grouting steel pipe 6 and the fourth grouting steel pipe 11, which are respectively positioned at one end of the front and rear small lanes 4, the front and rear small lanes 4 and the front and rear small lanes 4, are cut into circles and abut against a circular steel roller 12;
s1.10, putting a reinforcement cage in the vertical small well 3, and connecting the reinforcement cage with a connecting structure at the end part (close to the vertical small well) and a round steel roller 12; pouring concrete from the vertical small well 3, and filling the front and rear small lanes 4, the left and right small lanes 5 and the vertical small well 3;
after the above steps are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel 2 is constructed to the existing tunnel 1, and the following construction steps are carried out: s2.1, excavating a tunnel 2, constructing support grouting steel pipes in time after excavation, wherein the support grouting steel pipes comprise long grouting steel pipes 9 and short grouting steel pipes 10, and the long grouting steel pipes 9 and the short grouting steel pipes 10 are arranged in a staggered mode on the same radial section (in each row), wherein the support grouting steel pipe in the middle (right above the central line of the tunnel 2) is the long grouting steel pipe 9, and the short grouting steel pipes 10 are arranged on two sides next to the two sides alternately;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe 9 and the short grouting steel pipe 10, grouting is carried out on the long grouting steel pipe 9 firstly, gaps generated at the lower part of the position, close to the soil and stones, of the soil and stones sunken in the portal steel-concrete structure after the tunnel 2 is excavated are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved; then, grouting the short grouting steel pipe 10 to strengthen and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel 2;
and S2.3, the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel 2, namely, the supporting grouting steel pipe does not leak outside, the construction position of the steel arch is positioned at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, a round pipe is welded at the position, corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, of the steel arch, so that the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe can be inserted into the round pipe, and the round pipe finally penetrates into the earth and the stone.
S2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel passes through the portal steel-concrete structure.
Preferably, the tunnel 2 may be circular, or semi-circular arch-shaped.
Preferably, the cross sections of the vertical small well 3, the front and rear small lanes 4 and the left and right small lanes 5 are as small as possible on the premise of meeting the construction requirements of various grouting steel pipes.
Preferably, the front and rear small lanes 4 and/or the left and right small lanes 5 can be correspondingly supported.
Preferably, in step S1.5, the distance between the second steel grouting pipes 8 at the end portions in the horizontal direction is smaller than that at the middle portion, so as to ensure that the first steel grouting pipe 7 at the bottom portion can abut against the second steel grouting pipe 8.
Preferably, in the step S1.7, a horizontal third grouting steel pipe 6 is constructed from the front and rear alleys 4 to the direction close to the tunnel 2, the position of the third grouting steel pipe 6 corresponds to the position of the third grouting steel pipe 6 constructed in the direction far from the tunnel 2 one by one, grouting is performed from the third grouting steel pipe 6 to form a mouth-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the mouth-shaped steel-concrete structure forms a closed structure to surround the tunnel 2.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, in step S1.9, circular grooves for accommodating the ends of the first grouting steel pipe 7, the third grouting steel pipe 6 and the fourth grouting steel pipe 11 are fixed on an outer ring 12-1 of the circular steel roller 12, the circular grooves include two semicircular grooves, the first semicircular groove 12-2 is welded on the outer ring 12-1 of the circular steel roller 12, one end 12-4 of the second semicircular groove 12-3 is hinged with the first semicircular groove 12-2, and the other end 12-5 is fixedly connected with the first semicircular groove 12-2 through a nut; the positions of the circular grooves correspond to the positions of the end parts of the first grouting steel pipe 7, the fourth grouting steel pipe 11 and the slightly staggered third grouting steel pipe 6 in the same row one by one; when the grouting device is installed, the first semicircular groove is unfolded, the circular steel rollers 12 are pushed in the front and rear small lanes 4, so that the end part of the first grouting steel pipe 7, the end part of the fourth grouting steel pipe 11 and the end part of the third grouting steel pipe 6 enter the first semicircular groove 12-2, and then the second semicircular groove 12-3 is fixed through nuts.
Preferably, in the step S1, the grouting can be performed in a unified manner after various grouting steel pipes are constructed.
Preferably, the various grouting steel pipes are formed by connecting a plurality of sections in a continuous (such as threaded connection) mode, the various grouting steel pipes can be driven by a drill bit to drill into a set construction position, and finally the drill bit and the grouting steel pipes are left in the earth and the stone together.
Claims (7)
1. A tunnel construction method is characterized in that the tunnel vertically downwards penetrates through an existing tunnel above the tunnel, and before the existing tunnel is downwards penetrated through the tunnel, namely before the tunnel is constructed to influence the existing tunnel, the method comprises the following construction steps: s1.1, constructing four vertical small wells on two sides of the tunnel at the same time, wherein the front and rear positions of the vertical small wells are required to ensure that the existing tunnel is not influenced when the construction is carried out, the distance between each vertical small well and the tunnel is the same, the distance between each vertical small well and the existing tunnel is also the same, and the well depth of each vertical small well is greater than the maximum depth of the tunnel;
s1.2, constructing front and rear small lanes at the bottom ends of the vertical small wells, wherein the front and rear small lanes penetrate through the two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the tunnel, and are parallel to the tunnel;
s1.3, constructing a left small lane and a right small lane near the middle section of the vertical small well, wherein the left small lane and the right small lane penetrate through two vertical small wells positioned on the same side of the existing tunnel, the left small lane and the right small lane are parallel to the existing tunnel, and the bottommost end of the left small lane and the right small lane is higher than the top end of the tunnel by a certain distance;
s1.4, constructing first grouting steel pipes from front and rear small lanes to the right upper side, wherein the first grouting steel pipes are perpendicular to the tunnel, the first grouting steel pipes are arranged in rows from front to back and are arranged in rows from left to right, all pipe sections of the first grouting steel pipes can be grouted, and the front, rear, left and right intervals of the first grouting steel pipes ensure that grouting slurry is communicated;
s1.5, constructing second grouting steel pipes from the left lane and the right lane, wherein the second grouting steel pipes are parallel to the tunnel, the second grouting steel pipes are horizontally arranged in rows, and are arranged in one or more rows, and the left and right spacing of the second grouting steel pipes ensures grouting slurry communication; the lower parts of the second grouting steel pipes at the left end and the right end are abutted against the top end of the first grouting steel pipe;
s1.6, grouting is carried out through the first grouting steel pipe and the second grouting steel pipe, so that a portal steel-concrete structure is formed above the tunnel and below the existing tunnel;
s1.7, constructing third grouting steel pipes from front and rear small roadways to a direction far away from a tunnel, wherein the third grouting steel pipes are horizontally arranged, the third grouting steel pipes are vertically arranged in multiple rows and are arranged in multiple rows, the distance between the front row and the rear row is the same as that of the first grouting steel pipe, but the third grouting steel pipes are slightly staggered with the axial position of the first grouting steel pipe, namely the third grouting steel pipes are not on the same radial section but are close to the first grouting steel pipe, grouting is carried out on the third grouting steel pipes to form a base of a door-shaped steel-concrete structure, and the force borne by the door-shaped steel-concrete structure is transferred to a far place;
s1.8, constructing fourth grouting steel pipes from front and rear small lanes to the lower part in a divergent manner, wherein the fourth grouting steel pipes are arranged in a plurality of rows in front and rear, the front and rear intervals are the same as those of the first grouting steel pipes, and grouting is performed from the fourth grouting steel pipes on the same radial section to form a base of the door-shaped steel-concrete structure, so that the force applied to the door-shaped steel-concrete structure is transferred to the deep part;
s1.9, connecting two ends of the second grouting steel pipe by adopting a connecting structure; the first grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, the third grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, and the fourth grouting steel pipe is positioned at one end of the front and rear alleys, is cut into a circle and is abutted against the circular steel roller;
s1.10, putting a reinforcement cage in the vertical small well, and connecting the reinforcement cage with a connecting structure at the end part and a round steel roller; pouring concrete from the vertical small well, and filling the front and rear small lanes, the left and right small lanes and the vertical small well;
after the steps are completed and the structure is stable, the tunnel is constructed to the position of the existing tunnel, and the following construction steps are carried out:
s2.1, excavating the tunnel, constructing support grouting steel pipes in time after excavation, wherein the support grouting steel pipes comprise long grouting steel pipes and short grouting steel pipes, the long grouting steel pipes and the short grouting steel pipes are arranged in a staggered mode on the same radial section, the middle support grouting steel pipe is the long grouting steel pipe, the short grouting steel pipes are arranged on two sides next to the long grouting steel pipes, and the support grouting steel pipes are alternately arranged on two sides;
s2.2, grouting is carried out through the long grouting steel pipe and the short grouting steel pipe, grouting of the long grouting steel pipe is firstly carried out, gaps generated at the lower parts of the positions, close to the soil and stones, of the soil and stones sunken in the gate-type steel-concrete structure after tunnel excavation are filled, grouting is carried out from the middle to two sides one by one, so that grout can be conveniently diffused from a high position to a low position, and the grouting effect is improved; then, carrying out short grouting steel pipe grouting to reinforce and compact the soil and stones at the upper end of the whole tunnel;
s2.3, the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is flush with the section of the tunnel, namely, the supporting grouting steel pipe does not leak outside, the construction position of the steel arch is positioned at the section of the supporting grouting steel pipe, a round pipe is welded at the position, corresponding to the supporting grouting steel pipe, of the steel arch, so that the end part of the supporting grouting steel pipe is inserted into the round pipe, and the round pipe finally penetrates into earth and stones;
s2.4, the steps S2.1-S2.3 are repeated until the tunnel passes through the portal steel-concrete structure.
2. The tunnel construction method of claim 1, wherein the tunnel is a circular or semicircular arch type.
3. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the vertical shaft, the front and rear alleys, and the left and right alleys is as small as possible on the premise of satisfying various construction requirements of the steel pipe grouting.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of constructing horizontal third grouting steel pipes from the front and rear alleys in the direction close to the tunnel at positions corresponding to the third grouting steel pipes constructed in the direction away from the tunnel, and grouting from the third grouting steel pipes to form a channel steel-concrete structure, wherein the channel steel-concrete structure forms a closed structure to surround the tunnel.
5. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1.9, circular grooves for accommodating ends of the first grouting steel pipe, the third grouting steel pipe and the fourth grouting steel pipe are fixed on an outer ring of the circular steel roller, the circular grooves comprise two semicircular grooves, the first semicircular groove is welded on the outer ring of the circular steel roller, one end of the second semicircular groove is hinged with the first semicircular groove, and the other end of the second semicircular groove is fixedly connected with the first semicircular groove through a nut; the positions of the circular grooves correspond to the positions of the end parts of the first grouting steel pipe, the fourth grouting steel pipe and the slightly staggered third grouting steel pipe in the same row one by one; when the grouting steel pipe is installed, the first semicircular groove is unfolded, the circular steel roller is pushed in the front lane and the rear lane, so that the end part of the first grouting steel pipe, the end part of the fourth grouting steel pipe and the end part of the third grouting steel pipe enter the first semicircular groove, and then the second semicircular groove is fixed through the nut.
6. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the grouting is performed in a unified manner after the construction of the various grouting steel pipes is completed.
7. The tunnel construction method according to claim 1, wherein each type of grouting steel pipe is formed by connecting a plurality of sections in a continuous manner, each type of grouting steel pipe is driven by a drill to drill into a set construction position, and finally the drill and the grouting steel pipe are left in earth and stone together.
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