CN111997263A - Small-section concrete column and large-section steel structure column conversion structure and construction method - Google Patents
Small-section concrete column and large-section steel structure column conversion structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997263A CN111997263A CN202010744489.9A CN202010744489A CN111997263A CN 111997263 A CN111997263 A CN 111997263A CN 202010744489 A CN202010744489 A CN 202010744489A CN 111997263 A CN111997263 A CN 111997263A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/58—Connections for building structures in general of bar-shaped building elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a conversion structure and a construction method for a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column. According to the invention, the steel structure column foundation is connected with the steel keel of the concrete column through the conversion node to form an integral structure, so that the steel keel concrete support column of the steel-concrete structure building is connected with the steel structure column to form an integral body, the steel structure column is supported, the steel structure column is ensured to be connected with the foundation stably and reliably, and further the safety of the building structure is ensured; and the cross-shaped steel keel with a small cross section is used for increasing the cross section size upwards through the conversion node to be the same as the cross section size of the box-type steel structure column, so that the strength and the stability of the structure are gradually enhanced, and the stability of the steel structure column is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a conversion structure of a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column and a construction method.
Background
With the continuous development of space structure technology, more and more large-scale single buildings are used as exhibition halls, shopping malls or indoor entertainment cities, the buildings use steel structures as main bodies more and more in order to ensure the utilization of indoor space and meet the aesthetic requirements on the buildings, and the steel structures have the advantages of light dead weight, high strength, good bearing performance, high construction efficiency and the like. But in order to guarantee the space utilization of steel construction building itself, need reduce bearing structure's quantity as far as, but current steel construction need set up multiple support in order to guarantee structural strength, but support too much and influence the space utilization, consequently appeared and set up the steel construction post at the top of steel-concrete structure building and support steel structure body, have in small quantity, do not invade and occupy the space and support firm reliable advantage.
In order to ensure the stability of the steel structure support column, the stability of the steel-concrete structure building and the safety of the steel structure body, the steel structure support column needs to be arranged on the concrete support column of the steel-concrete structure building, but the connection stability of the steel structure support column and the concrete support column, the bearing of multidirectional loads after connection, the influence on the structural stability of the concrete support column of the steel-concrete structure building and the like are difficult points to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a conversion structure of a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column and a construction method, which are used as supporting points of the steel structure column, enhance the connection strength, improve the connection stability and ensure the safety and stability of a building structure.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a conversion structure for a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column comprises the concrete column, a steel structure column foundation and a conversion node column, wherein the steel structure column foundation is connected to the concrete column through the conversion node column and is positioned right above the concrete column;
the concrete column comprises a steel keel, the conversion node column comprises a conversion node, the conversion node is positioned at the upper part of the steel keel, the upper end part of the steel keel is superposed with the lower end part of the conversion node, and the steel structure column foundation is connected to the top end of the conversion node;
the steel keel is a cross-shaped steel keel, the conversion node is a cross-shaped steel structure, the steel structure column foundation is a box-shaped steel structure, and the size of the cross section of the conversion node is larger than that of the steel keel and is the same as that of the cross section of the steel structure column foundation.
Furthermore, the steel keel and the conversion node respectively comprise a cross web plate and wing plates, and the wing plates are arranged on the outer side of the cross web plate; the steel structure column foundation comprises a box body panel and a cross web arranged in the box body panel; the center of the cross web of steel joist, conversion node and steel construction column foundation aligns from top to bottom, the cross web size of conversion node and steel construction column foundation is the same, all is greater than the size of the cross web of steel joist, align and interconnect from top to bottom the box panel of steel construction column foundation and the pterygoid lamina of conversion node.
Furthermore, the lower part of the box body panel is a transition section, the length of the bottom of the transition section is the same as that of the wing plate of the conversion node, and the transition section is smoothly transited from bottom to top and gradually increased to the adjacent box body panels to be connected with each other to form the box body.
Furthermore, the coincident connection position of the steel keel and the conversion node is provided with three reinforcing rib plates, the three reinforcing rib plates are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the reinforcing rib plate at the upper end is positioned on the top surface of the steel keel, the reinforcing rib plate at the middle part is positioned on the bottom surface of the conversion node, and the reinforcing rib plate at the lower part is arranged at the upper part of the steel keel.
Further, the cross-sectional dimension of the concrete column is smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the conversion node column.
Furthermore, a reinforcing rib plate is arranged in the middle of the steel structure column foundation.
Furthermore, the outer side surfaces of the steel keels, the conversion nodes and the steel structure column foundations are provided with studs.
Further, the coincidence junction outside of steel joist and conversion node is equipped with the concrete beam, the concrete beam sets up four, is cross distribution, and its top surface and conversion node post top surface parallel and level.
A construction method of a small-section concrete column and large-section steel structure column conversion structure comprises the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a keel: prefabricating a steel keel, a steel structure column foundation and a conversion node according to design requirements;
s2, installing a steel keel: installing a steel keel, and detecting the position of the steel keel before and after installation;
s3, binding the lower steel bars and supporting templates: binding steel bars on the steel keel at the periphery below the reinforcing rib plate at the lower part, supporting a bottom template of the bearing platform at the reinforcing rib plate at the lower part, and binding the steel bars on the periphery between the steel keel and the top of the overlapped connection part of the conversion nodes;
s4, installing a conversion node: welding and installing a conversion node at the top of the steel keel;
s5, binding upper steel bars: binding reinforcing steel bars of the concrete beam and binding peripheral reinforcing steel bars of the conversion node;
s6, erecting and pouring a template; erecting templates at the peripheries of the steel keels, the conversion nodes and the concrete beams, and pouring concrete;
s7, mounting a steel structure column foundation: and after the concrete column is solidified, hoisting and welding the steel structure column foundation at the top end of the conversion node column, detecting after the hoisting and welding are completed, and waiting for the subsequent installation of the steel structure column.
Further, in steps S2, S4, and S7, the position and shape of the steel keel, the conversion node, and the steel structure column foundation are scanned by using a scanning device before and after installation, and are compared with the design model, and the installation position is adjusted.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the steel structure column foundation is connected with the steel keels of the concrete columns through the conversion nodes to form an integral structure, so that the steel keel concrete support columns of the steel-concrete structure building are connected with the steel structure columns, the steel structure columns are supported, the steel structure columns are guaranteed to be connected with the foundation stably and reliably, and the safety of the building structure is guaranteed;
the steel keel with a small cross section is used for increasing the cross section size upwards through a conversion node to be the same as the cross section size of the steel structure column, so that the strength and the stability of the structure are enhanced, the steel keel of the original concrete column is utilized, and the design and the space utilization of the original steel-concrete structure building are not influenced; the construction method has the advantages of concise and firm connection mode and stable state, is concise in construction mode, completes construction at one time, and effectively improves construction efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall connection of the steel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of the steel structures of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the steel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 5;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of E-E of FIG. 5.
Reference numerals: the concrete column comprises 1-concrete columns, 11-steel keels, 110-cross webs, 111-wing plates, 112-reinforcing rib plates, 2-steel structure column foundations, 211-box body panels, 3-conversion node columns and 31-conversion nodes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the specification, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of this patent, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for the convenience of describing the patent and for the simplicity of description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the patent.
As shown in fig. 1, a conversion structure for a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column comprises a concrete column 1, a steel structure column foundation 2 and a conversion node column 3, wherein the steel structure column foundation 2 is connected to the concrete column 1 through the conversion node column 3 and is positioned right above the concrete column 1;
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the concrete column 1 includes a steel keel 11, the conversion node column 3 includes a conversion node 31, the conversion node 31 is located at the upper part of the steel keel 11, the upper end of the steel keel 11 coincides with the lower end of the conversion node 31, and the steel structure column foundation 2 is connected to the top end of the conversion node 31;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the steel keel 11 is a cross-shaped steel keel, the conversion node 31 is a cross-shaped steel structure, the steel structure column foundation 2 is a box-shaped steel structure, and the size of the cross section of the conversion node 31 is larger than that of the steel keel 11 and is the same as that of the cross section of the steel structure column foundation 2.
The building roof passes through the reinforced concrete structure support column and supports, and the steel structure post is erect on the roof, is located the reinforced concrete structure support column directly over, and its inner structure is steel joist 11, conversion node 31, steel structure column basis 2 and steel structure post from bottom to top in proper order, forms a continuous support system from top to bottom, supports the steel structure post on the roof, guarantees the support to the steel structure post to the influence to the building roof has been avoided.
The cross section of a concrete column 1 supported by a steel keel at the lower part of the invention is smaller than that of a steel structure column on a roof, a cross-shaped steel keel 11 with a small cross section inside the concrete column is gradually transited to a box-type steel structure column foundation 2 with a large cross section through a conversion node column 3, and is connected with the steel structure column foundation 2 under the condition of not influencing the space structure and the supporting performance of the concrete column 1, so that a larger supporting load is borne, the pressure load of the steel structure column on the building roof is avoided, and the safety and the stability of the building roof are ensured; after the concrete column 1 is poured, the conversion node column 3 is also poured as a part of a building roof, meanwhile, the lower part of the steel structure column foundation 2 is poured on the building roof, and through the connection of the internal keel and the wrapping of external reinforced concrete, the stability in structure and the reliability in performance are ensured, and meanwhile, the concrete column has good transverse shear resistance and vertical compression resistance.
As shown in fig. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, further, the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31 each include a cross web 110 and a wing 111, and the wing 111 is disposed outside the cross web 110; the steel structure column foundation 2 comprises a box body panel 211 and a cross web 110 arranged in the box body panel; the center of the cross web 110 of the steel keel 11, the conversion node 31 and the steel structure column foundation 2 is aligned up and down, the size of the cross web 110 of the conversion node 31 and the steel structure column foundation 2 is the same and is larger than that of the cross web 110 of the steel keel 11, and the box body panel 211 of the steel structure column foundation 2 and the wing plate 111 of the conversion node 31 are aligned up and down and connected with each other.
The cross web 110 extends upwards from the steel keel 11 to the steel structure column foundation 2, and the steel structure column foundation 2 and the steel keel 11 are connected into a whole up and down to form a complete structure; the cross-shaped steel keels are gradually transited into the inner web of the box-shaped steel structure by gradually increasing the 110 sectional area of the cross web, the large-section cross web of the steel structure column foundation 2 serves as a connecting foundation of the steel structure column, the size of the large-section cross web is the same as that of the steel structure column, the cross web is still placed into the keel of the concrete column 1 at the lower part of the steel structure column foundation for a small section, and the building structure.
The steel keel 11 and the wing plates 111 on the conversion node 31 are connected through the reinforcing rib plates 112, the cross section size is increased to the conversion node 31 through the reinforcing rib plates 112 in the middle, the wing plates 111 of the conversion node 31 are supported, the wing plates 111 on the outer sides of the cross webs 110 are connected into an integral structure, and the stability of the structure is guaranteed; the box panel 211 lower part of steel construction column foundation 2 is the same with conversion node 31's pterygoid lamina 111 size, upwards progressively passes through to form the box steel construction, connects pterygoid lamina 111 and box panel 211, guarantees structure formula as an organic whole to strengthening structural strength guarantees the stability when connecting.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the lower portion of the box body panel 211 is a transition section, the length of the bottom of the transition section is the same as the length of the wing plate 111 of the transition node 31, and the transition section is smoothly and gradually increased from bottom to top to the adjacent box body panels 211 which are connected to form the box body.
As shown in fig. 3, 8 and 9, a joint of the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31 is provided with three reinforcing ribs 112, the three reinforcing ribs 112 are arranged at intervals up and down, the reinforcing rib 112 at the upper end is positioned on the top surface of the steel keel 11, the reinforcing rib 112 at the middle part is positioned on the bottom surface of the conversion node 31, and the reinforcing rib 112 at the lower part is arranged on the upper part of the steel keel 11.
The reinforcing rib plate 112 is provided with three pieces, reinforces the structural strength of the joint of the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31, and is used for supporting and stabilizing the increase of the cross-sectional size of the cross web 110, and supports the wing plate 111 on the conversion node 31, reinforces the structural strength, so that the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31 become a stable integrated structure.
As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the concrete column 1 has a smaller cross-sectional size than the conversion node column 3. Steel joist 11 is as the inside steel joist of concrete column 1, can't be the same with steel structure column size, enlarges its cross-sectional dimension through the conversion node 31 that is located the roofing position, enlarges to the same with steel structure column cross-sectional dimension, guarantees the stable stay to steel structure column.
As shown in fig. 6, a reinforcing rib 112 is further provided in the middle of the steel column foundation 2.
As shown in fig. 2, further, studs are disposed on the outer side surfaces of the steel keel 11, the conversion node 31 and the steel structure column foundation 2.
As shown in fig. 1, further, the outside of the coincident connection between the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31 is provided with four concrete beams which are distributed in a cross shape, and the top surfaces of the four concrete beams are flush with the top surface of the conversion node column 3.
As shown in fig. 1, a construction method of a conversion structure of a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column includes the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a keel: prefabricating the steel keel 11, the steel structure column foundation 2 and the conversion node 31 according to design requirements;
s2, mounting the steel keel 11: installing a steel keel 11, and detecting the position of the steel keel 11 before and after installation;
s3, binding the lower steel bars and supporting templates: steel bars are bound on the periphery of the position, below the reinforcing rib plate 112, of the steel keel 11, a bottom template of the bearing platform is supported at the reinforcing rib plate 112 at the lower part, and then the steel bars are bound on the periphery of the top of the superposition connection part of the steel keel 11 and the conversion node 31;
s4, installing the transfer node 31: welding and mounting a conversion node 31 at the top of the steel keel 11;
s5, binding upper steel bars: binding the reinforcing steel bars of the concrete beam and binding the reinforcing steel bars on the periphery of the conversion node 31;
s6, erecting and pouring a template; erecting templates on the peripheries of the steel keel 11, the conversion node 31 and the concrete beam, and pouring concrete;
s7, mounting the steel structure column foundation 2: after the concrete column is solidified, the steel structure column foundation 2 is hoisted and welded at the top end of the conversion node column 3, detection is carried out after the welding is finished, and the subsequent installation of the steel structure column is waited.
Further, in step S1, when the keel is manufactured, the corresponding steel keel 11, steel structure column foundation 2, and conversion node 31 are manufactured according to the steps of blanking cutting, H-shaped structure assembling welding and correction, cross-shaped structure assembling welding and correction, and cross-column overall structure assembling welding and correction.
Further, in steps S2, S4, and S7, the position and shape of the steel keel 11, the conversion node 31, and the steel column foundation 2 are scanned by using a scanning device before and after installation, compared with the design model, and the installation position is adjusted.
Furthermore, in the installation process, the 3D laser scanning equipment is used for scanning and generating a corresponding data model, the data model is compared with the design model in the computer, and the structure to be installed is changed according to the comparison result to ensure normal installation.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (10)
1. A conversion structure for a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column is characterized by comprising a concrete column (1), a steel structure column foundation (2) and a conversion node column (3), wherein the steel structure column foundation (2) is connected to the concrete column (1) through the conversion node column (3) and is positioned right above the concrete column (1);
the concrete column (1) comprises a steel keel (11), the conversion node column (3) comprises a conversion node (31), the conversion node (31) is located on the upper portion of the steel keel (11), the upper end portion of the steel keel (11) is overlapped with the lower end portion of the conversion node (31), and the steel structure column foundation (2) is connected to the top end of the conversion node (31);
the steel keel (11) is a cross-shaped steel keel, the conversion node (31) is a cross-shaped steel structure, the steel structure column foundation (2) is a box-shaped steel structure, and the cross section size of the conversion node (31) is larger than that of the steel keel (11) and is the same as that of the steel structure column foundation (2).
2. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steel keel (11) and the conversion node (31) respectively comprise a cross web (110) and wing plates (111), and the wing plates (111) are arranged on the outer side of the cross web (110); the steel structure column foundation (2) comprises a box body panel (211) and a cross web (110) arranged in the box body panel; the center of the cross web (110) of steel joist (11), conversion node (31) and steel structure column foundation (2) aligns from top to bottom, the cross web (110) size of conversion node (31) and steel structure column foundation (2) is the same, all is greater than the size of the cross web (110) of steel joist (11), align from top to bottom and interconnect in box panel (211) of steel structure column foundation (2) and pterygoid lamina (111) of conversion node (31).
3. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the lower part of the box body panel (211) is a transition section, the length of the bottom of the transition section is the same as that of the wing plate (111) of the conversion node (31), and the transition section is smoothly transited from bottom to top and gradually increased to the adjacent box body panels (211) to be connected with each other to form the box body.
4. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the steel keel structure is characterized in that a reinforcing rib plate (112) is arranged at the overlapped connection position of the steel keel (11) and the conversion node (31), three reinforcing rib plates (112) are arranged at intervals from top to bottom, the reinforcing rib plate (112) at the upper end is located on the top surface of the steel keel (11), the reinforcing rib plate (112) at the middle part is located on the bottom surface of the conversion node (31), and the reinforcing rib plate (112) at the lower part is arranged at the upper part of the steel keel (11).
5. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cross section size of the concrete column (1) is smaller than that of the conversion node column (3).
6. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and a reinforcing rib plate (112) is arranged in the middle of the steel structure column foundation (2).
7. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the outer side surfaces of the steel keels (11), the conversion nodes (31) and the steel structure column foundation (2) are all provided with studs.
8. The conversion structure of the small-section concrete column and the large-section steel structure column as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the coincidence junction outside of steel joist (11) and conversion node (31) is equipped with the concrete beam, the concrete beam sets up four, is cross distribution, and its top surface is parallel and level with conversion node post (3) top surface.
9. The construction method of a conversion structure of a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, prefabricating a keel: prefabricating a steel keel (11), a steel structure column foundation (2) and a conversion node (31) according to design requirements;
s2, installing a steel keel (11): installing a steel keel (11), and detecting the position of the steel keel (11) before and after installation;
s3, binding the lower steel bars and supporting templates: steel bars are bound on the periphery of the position, below the reinforcing rib plate (112) at the lower part, of the steel keel (11), a bottom template of the bearing platform is supported at the reinforcing rib plate (112) at the lower part, and then the steel bars are bound on the periphery of the top of the superposition connection part of the steel keel (11) and the conversion node (31);
s4, installing the conversion node (31): welding and mounting a conversion node (31) at the top of the steel keel (11);
s5, binding upper steel bars: binding reinforcing steel bars of the concrete beam and binding peripheral reinforcing steel bars of the conversion node (31);
s6, erecting and pouring a template; erecting formworks on the peripheries of the steel keels (11), the conversion nodes (31) and the concrete beams, and pouring concrete;
s7, mounting the steel structure column foundation (2): after the concrete column is solidified, hoisting and welding of the steel structure column foundation (2) are carried out on the top end of the conversion node column (3), detection is carried out after the welding is finished, and the subsequent installation of the steel structure column is waited.
10. The construction method of a conversion structure of a small-section concrete column and a large-section steel structure column according to claim 9, characterized in that: in steps S2, S4, and S7, the position and shape of the steel keel (11), the conversion node (31), and the steel structure column foundation (2) are scanned by using a scanning device before and after installation, and are compared with the design model, and the installation position is adjusted.
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| CN112709331A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 江苏沪宁钢机股份有限公司 | Nested box body conversion node and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112832118A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Rod piece conversion structure and rod piece connecting structure |
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| CN109680810A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-26 | 清华大学 | The switching node and construction method of upper layer steel pipe column and lower layer's reinforced column |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112709331A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 江苏沪宁钢机股份有限公司 | Nested box body conversion node and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112832118A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Rod piece conversion structure and rod piece connecting structure |
| CN112832118B (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-04-15 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司 | Rod piece conversion structure and rod piece connecting structure |
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