CN111995849B - 一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN111995849B
CN111995849B CN202010878002.6A CN202010878002A CN111995849B CN 111995849 B CN111995849 B CN 111995849B CN 202010878002 A CN202010878002 A CN 202010878002A CN 111995849 B CN111995849 B CN 111995849B
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林孝发
林孝山
李�浩
李伟宇
李日红
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Jomoo Kitchen and Bath Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法,其原料包括不饱和聚酯25%~45%、固化剂0.2%~2%、预处理纤维20%~35%、成核剂5%~25%、发泡剂0.5%‑1.5%、内脱模剂1%~3%、无机填料15%~30%、增稠剂0.05%‑0.1%、低收缩剂0.5%~1.5%和阻聚剂0.1%~1.0%;其中所述预处理纤维表面具有多重微纳米结构,所述多重微纳米结构包括凹凸结构和绒毛结构,所述绒毛结构用于吸附成核剂和发泡剂。本发明还公开了上述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料在马桶座圈/盖板的应用,不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料实现马桶座圈/盖板密度低、轻薄、抗开裂、高耐污、耐温绝缘的性能,不仅可用于常规普通马桶座圈/盖板,还可以用于智能加热座圈。

Description

一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料的技术领域,尤其涉及一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
卫浴配件,例如马桶座圈材料以脲醛、PP、ABS、PVC等材料为主,其中热塑性PP、ABS、PVC材料存在质感差(密度低)、塑料感强、易刮花、易老化等缺点,且无法实现超薄简约设计;脲醛材质座圈质感佳,但厚重、在北方地区易开裂/崩裂,影响用户使用及安全,同时表面致密性较差,存在微观缝隙易脏污。现有的改进方案有:1.橡胶增韧脲醛:增韧效果不佳,易开裂,抗冲击性能差,影响外观质量,产品厚重密度大;2.合金材料/无机增强热塑性材料:如PPS等,成本高,外观质量不佳,仍有一定的塑料质感,抗冲击性能稍差,厚度低时无法根本解决开裂问题;3.普通热固性材料:通过产品增厚提高力学性能,重量大,脆性大,会出现显著增加成本、生产效率低下、铰链要求高等一系列问题。
上述材料的产品厚度大(盖板一般≥4.0mm,座圈一般≥5mm),重量大,无法实现产品轻薄概念,对座圈转轴阻尼要求较高。且工艺限制/壁厚限制/重量限制只能做普通马桶座圈,无法应用于智能加热马桶座圈。目前智能座圈均以PP材料为主,具有硬度低、易刮伤、质感差,壁厚导热慢等缺点,限制了其发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足,提供一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
为了实现以上目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料,按质量百分比,原料包括不饱和聚酯25%~45%、固化剂0.2%~2%、预处理纤维20%~35%、成核剂5%~25%、发泡剂0.5%-1.5%、内脱模剂1%~3%、无机填料15%~30%、增稠剂0.05%-0.1%、低收缩剂0.5%~1.5%和阻聚剂0.1%~1.0%;其中所述预处理纤维表面具有多重微纳米结构,所述多重微纳米结构包括凹凸结构和绒毛结构,所述绒毛结构用于吸附成核剂和发泡剂。
可选的,所述预处理纤维表面通过微腐蚀形成所述凹凸结构,腐蚀深度为1%~10%;并通过拉丝打毛形成所述绒毛结构,所述绒毛的尺寸≤100um。
可选的,所述不饱和聚酯的粘度为1200~1800mPa.s。
可选的,所述发泡剂是AC发泡剂和NaHCO3的复合发泡剂,其中AC发泡剂和NaHCO3的质量比为1:1;所述不饱和聚酯为高温型不饱和聚酯,固化温度≥150℃。
可选的,所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的密度为1.3~1.6g/cm3
可选的,所述预处理纤维夹设于所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的中间层,所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料由外至内形成致密结皮区、微孔过渡区和发泡密集区。
可选的,所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的泡孔直径为15~500μm。
一种上述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:按照上述原料比例,
1)将不饱和聚酯、固化剂、无机填料、增稠剂、低收缩剂、阻聚剂、内脱模剂均匀混合后进行混炼,制备糊状树脂;
2)将预处理纤维与发泡剂、成核剂混合均匀形成混合纤维材料;
3)使糊状树脂形成树脂片,将混合纤维材料铺设于两片树脂片中间进行滚压制片,排除空气形成纤维混合树脂片材;
4)将纤维混合树脂片材冲压成型后形成预制片,将预制片置于模具中进行一次高温热压成型,模具温度控制在发泡剂的发泡温度区间内。
可选的,所述预处理纤维的制备方法为:将纤维布干燥处理后置于氢氟酸或硫酸蒸气箱中30~120s对表面进行微腐蚀形成凹凸结构,清洗烘干后,对纤维布表面双面进行一次循环拉丝打毛处理形成绒毛结构,对处理后的纤维布表面喷洒硅烷偶联剂,干燥后粉碎。
可选的,步骤4)中,所述高温热压成型是将金属转轴安装至所述模具的轴芯中,将所述预制片放入所述模具且包覆金属转轴,模具压力为300~500MPa,合模后保压定型80~150s。
上述方法制备的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料应用于马桶座圈,所述马桶座圈的厚度为1.5~5.0mm。
上述方法制备的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料应用于马桶盖板,所述马桶盖板的厚度为1.0~4.5mm。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)通过预处理纤维表面的绒毛结构吸附成核剂和发泡剂,通过预处理纤维位于复合材料中的位置的设置,使纤维附近大量发泡成核,从而形成不同区域不同发泡程度的复合材料,性能可设计性强,应用广泛;
(2)通过预处理纤维表面的多重微纳米结构的设置,增加了纤维和树脂的表面接触面积,同时凹凸结构与树脂复合体系可形成“榫卯结构”,有效的提升了树脂体系与纤维的结合力,避免分层及产品缺陷;
(3)将预处理纤维夹设于不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料内部的中间区域,使不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料由外至内形成致密结皮区、微孔过渡区和发泡密集区,三明治结构质轻、韧性高、能够很好的吸收外界冲击力,避免应力集中出现局部开裂或者破损现象;
(4)三明治结构的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料实现马桶座圈/盖板密度低、轻薄、抗开裂、高耐污、耐温绝缘的性能,不仅可用于常规普通马桶座圈/盖板,还可以用于智能加热座圈,实现超薄设计,提高加热速度、更安全、更耐刮,质感相似脲醛,能够很好的替代脲醛座圈/盖板。
附图说明
图1为层压式不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的结构示意图;
图2为玻璃纤维进行预处理形成多重微纳米结构的原理示意图;
图3为混合纤维材料的制备原理示意图;
图4为高温纤维复合树脂片材成型的原理示意图;
图5为座圈/盖板预制定型的原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步解释。
一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料,按质量百分比,原料包括不饱和聚酯25%~45%、固化剂0.2%~2%、预处理纤维20%~35%、成核剂5%~25%、发泡剂0.5%-1.5%、内脱模剂1%~3%、无机填料15%~30%、增稠剂0.05%-0.1%、低收缩剂0.5%~1.5%和阻聚剂0.1%~1.0%。其中,不饱和聚酯是二元酸或酸酐与二元醇经缩聚制得,粘度为1200~1800mPa.s;固化剂可选过氧化物(例如过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯固化剂、过氧化甲基乙基酮固化剂);成核剂可选例如活化滑石粉;发泡剂可选异氰酸酯类、偶氮类、磺酰肼类、碳酸酯酐类、碳酸氢钠以及复合发泡剂等;内脱模剂可选ZnSt2、硬脂酸锌等;无机填料可选硫酸钡、碳酸钙、氧化铝中的一种或几种;增稠剂可选氢氧化钙、氧化镁等;低收缩剂可选PMMA、PE、PS等;阻聚剂可选邻甲基对苯二酚(甲基氢醌)等;预处理纤维可以是玻璃纤维、碳纤维、涤纶纤维等,表面具有多重微纳米结构,所述多重微纳米结构包括凹凸结构和绒毛结构,所述绒毛结构用于吸附成核剂和发泡剂。不饱和聚酯的固化温度区间与发泡剂的发泡温度区间靠近或一致,从而实现发泡过程,通过预处理纤维在复合材料里的位置设置,可以形成具有不均匀发泡区间的复合材料。
以层压式复合材料结构举例,参考图1,预处理纤维夹设于不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的中间层,由于成核剂和发泡剂均匀分布在绒毛表面,从而发泡剂和成核剂也分布于中间层,得到的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料由外至内形成致密结皮区、微孔过渡区和发泡密集区,泡孔直径为15~500μm,密度为1.3~1.6g/cm3
实施例1
原料配方为:FL-9509高温不饱和聚酯35%,固化温度150~190℃;预处理玻璃纤维30%;3000目活化滑石粉成核剂15%;AC:NaHCO3=1:1的复合发泡剂1.5%,其中AC经过纳米氧化锌进行共混处理;100μm硫酸钡无机填料12%;其他助剂6.5%,其中固化剂为过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯,内脱模剂为硬脂酸锌,增稠剂为氧化镁,低收缩剂为PMMA,阻聚剂为邻甲基对苯二酚。
制备流程为:
1、纤维布处理:
参考图2,采用玻璃纤维粗砂布(纤维直径9mm-13mm)干燥处理后置于一定浓度的氢氟酸/硫酸蒸气箱中处理30~120s(例如80s)对表面进行微腐蚀处理(腐蚀深度1%~10%)形成凹凸结构,之后采用蒸馏水快速多次清理表面,保证酸被完全清洗后进入烘道进行烘干处理100℃/30min,采用猪毛刷对纤维布表面双面进行一次循环拉丝打毛处理绒毛结构,绒毛的直径≤100um,从而于纤维布表面构造多重微纳米结构,对处理后的纤维布表面进行均匀喷洒硅烷偶联剂,制备复合纤维布干燥处理后待用;
2、高温糊状树脂预制:
将高温不饱和聚酯、固化剂、无机填料、增稠剂、低收缩剂、阻聚剂、内脱模剂按照比例均匀混合后采用密炼机进行混炼制备高温糊状树脂待用;
3、高温纤维复合树脂片材成型:
参考图3,将制备的复合纤维布进行切割粉碎处理,之后向纤维中加入发泡剂/成核剂混合粉末搅拌混合均匀,依靠静电吸附及纤维表面绒毛结构,成核剂及发泡剂均匀附着在纤维绒毛结构表面形成混合纤维材料;参考图4,使高温糊状树脂形成树脂片,将制得的混合纤维材料均匀铺设覆盖在两片树脂片中间进行一次滚压制片并以PE膜作为底膜,滚压压力≥1Mpa,排除纤维引入空气,形成致密的高温纤维复合树脂片材待用,混合纤维材料均匀夹设在两片树脂片之间形成中间夹层,混合纤维材料无序网状排列;
4、座圈/盖板预制定型:
参考图5,将高温纤维复合树脂片材冲压成型至座圈/盖板形状制备座圈/盖板预制片,将金属转轴安装至模具中的轴芯结构中,转轴采用铝合金或铜进行浇铸成型,外表面经过喷砂处理,增加树脂与其结合力,将座圈/盖板预制片去除PE膜放入模具,且预制片包覆金属转轴,进行一次高温热压成型,固化成型后金属转轴被包覆在座圈/盖板转轴处,之后进行飞边处理制备轻薄抗开裂座圈/盖板;模具压力控制在300MPa-500MPa(例如400MPa),合模后进行保压定型80s-150s(例如100s),模具温度控制在AC发泡剂发泡温度区间165-180℃;
5、飞边去除及后处理:
取出座圈/盖板冷却,去除飞边。
制得的座圈壁厚2.5mm,盖板壁厚为1.5mm,产品密度约为1.3g/cm3(不包括转轴等配件)。
对比例1-2
对比例1-2与实施例1的配方对比如下表,其余工艺相同。
Figure BDA0002653217600000061
将实施例1,对比例1-2和传统脲醛座圈/盖板进行性能测试,其中抗开裂测试进行极限性能评估对比:-40℃低温干燥箱中低温处理48h,将产品至于1.5m自由坠落测,结果如下表:
Figure BDA0002653217600000062
常规脲醛座圈厚重,在干燥寒冷地区易开裂,美观性差,目前无较好方案从根本上解决,本发明实施例采用微发泡技术制备纤维增强抗开裂轻薄座圈/盖板,具有明显的功能分界层,上下层包覆致密树脂复合材料层,由外至内逐渐呈现微米级泡孔,中间包覆分布均匀且致密的微泡孔结构,密度低、抗冲击性能好、耐污性能优异,承载力强;其原理为:
1)物理榫卯:
纤维表面经过微腐蚀处理形成凹凸结构及表面绒毛结构处理后,极大的增加了纤维与树脂的表面接触面积,同时凹凸结构与树脂复合体系可形成“榫卯结构”,有效的提升的树脂体系与纤维的结合力,避免分层及产品缺陷;
2)芯部密集微孔结构:
产品从内至外分别为“纤维发泡密集区域”、“微孔过渡区”、“致密结皮区”,其三明治结构质轻、韧性高、能够很好的吸收外界冲击力,避免应力集中出现局部开裂或者破损现象;
Figure BDA0002653217600000071
这是因为发泡剂及成核剂均匀分布在纤维绒毛表面(纤维主要悬浮于体系中间层),在高温固化过程中,最外层与模具接触快速升温形成有效致密外层,芯部随着温度升高逐渐达到复配发泡剂中低温发泡剂的发泡温度,NaHCO3优先吸热分解,此时体系未达到树脂复合材料的固化温度,气体在纤维表面及成核剂表面迅速形成细小微孔并长大,随着温度继续提升,AC快速分解释放大量热及气体,在纤维表面及成核剂表面继续形成细小微孔,同时纤维复合树脂片材复合体系逐渐固化成型;之所以采用复配是因为单独使用NaHCO3会出现气体释放量不足,发泡减重效果不明显,单独使用AC会出现发泡温度过高,树脂体系固化较快,导致微孔无法长大及形成;
Figure BDA0002653217600000072
其中纤维表面未吸附成核剂的绒毛表面势能更低,易在表面形成异相成核点,促进发泡成核;
Figure BDA0002653217600000073
表面纤维含量少、发泡剂/成核剂含量低,易形成致密交联保护层,具有较高的耐污性及外观质量;
得到的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料制品薄、抗冲击性能好、质轻、抗冻裂。
上述实施例仅用来进一步说明本发明的一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料及其制备方法和应用,但本发明并不局限于实施例,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均落入本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:按质量百分比,原料包括不饱和聚酯25%~45%、固化剂0.2%~2%、预处理纤维20%~35%、成核剂5%~25%、发泡剂0.5%-1.5%、内脱模剂1%~3%、无机填料15%~30%、增稠剂0.05%-0.1%、低收缩剂0.5%~1.5%和阻聚剂0.1%~1.0%;制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将不饱和聚酯、固化剂、无机填料、增稠剂、低收缩剂、阻聚剂、内脱模剂均匀混合后进行混炼,制备糊状树脂;
2)将预处理纤维与发泡剂、成核剂混合均匀形成混合纤维材料;所述预处理纤维表面具有多重微纳米结构,所述多重微纳米结构包括凹凸结构和绒毛结构,所述绒毛结构吸附成核剂和发泡剂;
3)使糊状树脂形成树脂片,将混合纤维材料铺设于两片树脂片中间进行滚压制片,排除空气形成纤维混合树脂片材;
4)将纤维混合树脂片材冲压成型后形成预制片,将预制片置于模具中进行一次高温热压成型,模具温度控制在发泡剂的发泡温度区间内,得到不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料;所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料由外至内形成致密结皮区、微孔过渡区和发泡密集区。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预处理纤维表面通过微腐蚀形成所述凹凸结构,腐蚀深度为1%~10%;并通过拉丝打毛形成所述绒毛结构,所述绒毛的尺寸≤100um。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述预处理纤维的制备方法为:将纤维布干燥处理后置于氢氟酸或硫酸蒸气箱中30~120s对表面进行微腐蚀形成凹凸结构,清洗烘干后,对纤维布表面双面进行一次循环拉丝打毛处理形成绒毛结构,对处理后的纤维布表面喷洒硅烷偶联剂,干燥后粉碎。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中,所述高温热压成型是将金属转轴安装至所述模具的轴芯中,将所述预制片放入所述模具且包覆金属转轴,模具压力为300~500MPa,合模后保压定型80~150s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述不饱和聚酯的粘度为1200~1800mPa.s。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述发泡剂是AC发泡剂和NaHCO3的复合发泡剂,其中AC发泡剂和NaHCO3的质量比为1:1;所述不饱和聚酯为高温型不饱和聚酯,固化温度≥150℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的密度为1.3~1.6g/cm3
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料的泡孔直径为15~500μm。
9.权利要求1所述方法制备的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料应用于马桶座圈,其特征在于:所述马桶座圈的厚度为1.5~5.0mm。
10.权利要求1所述方法制备的不饱和聚酯发泡复合材料应用于马桶盖板,其特征在于:所述马桶盖板的厚度为1.0~4.5mm。
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