CN111995057B - Slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phase and construction method - Google Patents
Slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phase and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995057B CN111995057B CN202010863713.6A CN202010863713A CN111995057B CN 111995057 B CN111995057 B CN 111995057B CN 202010863713 A CN202010863713 A CN 202010863713A CN 111995057 B CN111995057 B CN 111995057B
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phase and a construction method thereof, wherein the system comprises: the wetland system comprises an oxidation pond, a vertical surface flow wetland, a vertical subsurface flow wetland, a horizontal surface flow wetland, a water delivery and distribution device and wetland plants, wherein the water delivery and distribution device is sequentially connected with the oxidation pond, the vertical surface flow wetland, the vertical subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal surface flow wetland, and the wetland plants are configured according to the type of the wetland. The artificial wetland type is adapted to the characteristic water level of the river, so that the service life of the wetland is effectively prolonged, the purification effect of the wetland is ensured, the blockage of the wetland is effectively reduced, and the safety of the wetland structure is ensured. The artificial wetland plant configuration is adapted to the characteristic water level of the river, so that the river flood discharge and waterlogging drainage are not influenced while the wetland purification effect and the landscape effect are ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of constructed wetland construction, in particular to a slope type constructed purification wetland system adaptive to river water phase and a construction method thereof.
Background
The shortage of water resources and the large population are the basic national conditions of China, and are particularly prominent in urban areas with aggregated population. As the production and living water occupies the ecological water, the urban river natural runoff is generally low and even cut off, and the experience of people on rest, landscape and hydrophily is greatly influenced.
In order to relieve the insufficiency of river water, the effluent of urban sewage treatment plants is generally discharged into rivers as a supplementary water source. As the quality of the discharged water of the urban sewage treatment plant is subject to the discharge standard of pollutants of the urban sewage treatment plant (GB18918-2002) and is different from the environmental quality standard of surface water (GB3838-2002) which is subject to the water quality of rivers, the deep purification of the discharged water of the urban sewage treatment plant by utilizing the artificial wetland is common.
The constructed wetland constructed by utilizing the river slope has natural advantages, the slope space can relieve the urban land shortage, and the slope height difference is favorable for the self-flow of water bodies to save kinetic energy. For example, the system and the method for replenishing the riverway with the reclaimed water percolated by the riverbank can deeply purify the reclaimed water by constructing different matrix layers; the ecological bank purifying structure and the river purifying system with the structure are constructed, and the ecological space in the river is fully utilized to construct the artificial wetland.
But the space of the river bank is different from the common urban land, and the core lies in that the river channel bears the functions of flood running and drainage. The existing river course slope wetland construction technology does not consider the influence of flood and waterlogging, brings hidden dangers to the subsequent operation management of the wetland, and is mainly expressed in the following aspects: 1) if the wetland type is not properly selected, sediment carried by flood water is easy to cause wetland blockage, volume reduction and service life reduction; 2) if the wetland structure is improperly designed, the volume is reduced and the wetland is damaged easily due to continuous scouring of flood water; 3) if the wetland plant type is not properly configured, river flood discharge and waterlogging drainage, wetland purification effect and wetland landscape effect are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phases and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that the construction of the artificial wetland system fully and scientifically utilizes the river slope space, and performs wetland type selection, wetland structural design and wetland plant configuration according to different characteristic water levels to realize water purification, landscape construction and ecological restoration.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phases, which is characterized in that: the wetland system comprises an oxidation pond, a vertical surface flow wetland, a vertical subsurface flow wetland, a horizontal surface flow wetland, a water delivery and distribution device and wetland plants, wherein the oxidation pond, the vertical surface flow wetland, the vertical subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal surface flow wetland are sequentially connected through the water delivery and distribution device, and the wetland plants are arranged in the oxidation pond, the vertical surface flow wetland, the vertical subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal surface flow wetland.
Preferably, the oxidation pond comprises a deep water area and a shallow water area, different submerged plants are arranged in the deep water area and the shallow water area, and floating plants and emergent aquatic plants can be arranged in the oxidation pond.
Preferably, the vertical surface flow wetland comprises a vertical surface flow wetland outer structure and a vertical surface flow wetland inner structure, the vertical surface flow wetland outer structure is constructed by reinforced concrete, the vertical surface flow wetland inner structure is sequentially paved with a substrate layer, a water distribution layer and a water collection layer from top to bottom, and the vertical surface flow wetland is provided with floating leaf plants and emergent aquatic plants.
Preferably, the vertical subsurface flow wetland comprises a vertical subsurface flow wetland outer structure and a vertical subsurface flow wetland inner structure, the vertical subsurface flow wetland outer structure is constructed by gabions and masonry stones, a soil layer, a substrate layer, a water distribution layer and a water collection layer are sequentially laid on the vertical subsurface flow wetland inner structure from top to bottom, and the vertical subsurface flow wetland is provided with emergent aquatic plants.
Preferably, the depth of the horizontal surface flow wetland is not more than 0.5m, and the horizontal surface flow wetland is provided with hygrophytes and submerged plants.
Preferably, the water delivery and distribution device adopts a drain pipe.
The construction method of the slope type artificial purification wetland system adapting to river water phases is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
dividing flood levels according to precipitation and river slope information in the past, wherein the flood levels comprise a flood level meeting at once in twenty years, a flood level meeting at once in ten years and a flood level meeting at once in five years;
selecting wetland types according to the flood level, wherein the wetland types comprise the oxidation pond, a vertical surface flow wetland, a vertical subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal surface flow wetland;
and constructing the wetland and configuring wetland plants according to the selected wetland type.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1) the type of the artificial wetland is adapted to the characteristic water level of the river, so that the service life of the wetland can be effectively prolonged, and the purification effect of the wetland can be ensured. The horizontal surface flow wetland is a near-natural wetland, and the influence of flood water scouring and silting on the performance and mechanism of the wetland is small; the top layer of the vertical subsurface flow wetland is a soil layer, so that the matrix layer is protected from being silted and blocked by the silt of flood water; the vertical surface flow wetland is at a higher water level, and the influence probability of flood and water is lower.
2) The artificial wetland structure is adapted to the characteristic water level of the river, so that the wetland blockage can be effectively reduced and the safety of the wetland structure is guaranteed. The water flow direction of the horizontal surface flow wetland is consistent with that of a river, and the wetland structure is not easy to be damaged by flood; the vertical subsurface flow wetland external structure adopts a gabion and stone masonry construction mode, and has flood-resistant scouring capability; the vertical surface flow wetland external structure adopts a reinforced concrete construction mode, and has small depth and strong flood-resistant scouring capability.
3) The artificial wetland plant configuration is adapted to the characteristic water level of the river, so that the river flood discharge and waterlogging drainage are not influenced while the wetland purification effect and the landscape effect are ensured. The horizontal surface flow wetland plant emphasizes the ecological effect; the vertical subsurface flow wetland has plant emphasis purification effect; the vertical surface flow wetland plants are mainly focused on landscape effect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a slope type artificial purification wetland system adapted to river water phases.
Wherein, 1 is an oxidation pond, 2 is a vertical surface flow wetland, 3 is a vertical subsurface flow wetland, 4 is a horizontal surface flow wetland, and 5 is a water delivery and distribution device.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a slope type artificial purification wetland system adaptive to river water phases, as shown in figure 1, the system comprises an oxidation pond 1, a vertical surface flow wetland 2, a vertical subsurface flow wetland 3, a horizontal surface flow wetland 4, a water delivery and distribution device 5 and wetland plants, wherein the oxidation pond 1 has the functions of homogenizing, homogenizing and uniformly distributing and purifying particles; the vertical surface flow wetland 2 and the vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 have the main purification function of various pollutants; the horizontal surface flow wetland 4 takes the functions of pollutant auxiliary purification and ecological restoration; the whole process has alternate aerobic and anaerobic conditions and has better effects on nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The oxidation pond 1, the vertical surface flow wetland 2, the vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 and the horizontal surface flow wetland 4 are connected in sequence through a water conveying and distributing device 5, and in the embodiment, the water conveying and distributing device 5 adopts a drain pipe.
The constructed purification wetland system is constructed by depending on the river bank, and is characterized in that the wetland type, the wetland structure and wetland plants are adapted to the characteristic water level of the river. Before an artificial purification wetland system is constructed, flood levels are respectively determined according to local historical rainfall conditions, the height of a slope, the inclination and other information, wherein the flood levels comprise a flood level for five years, a flood level for ten years and a flood level for twenty years.
And constructing different types of artificial wetlands according to the determined different flood levels, and planting different wetland plants in a matched manner.
And (5) constructing a horizontal surface flow wetland 4 when the flood level is lower than the flood level in five years. According to the height difference between the flood level in the first five years and the normal water level, a multi-stage horizontal surface flow wetland 4 can be arranged, and the flood level in the first five years is used as a water level control line in the highest first-stage wetland. The horizontal surface flow wetland 4 is positioned in the bottom area of the wetland system, is adjacent to a river ecosystem, is a near-natural wetland, and the ecology is the first principle of the construction of the horizontal surface flow wetland: the bottom is used for properly excavating the natural riverbed without any engineering treatment; the depth is not more than 0.5 m; the interior of the plant is planted with wet herbaceous plants and submerged plants which are resistant to periodic water flooding, and local indigenous species are preferably adopted.
And the vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 is constructed between the flood level of the first five years and the flood level of the first ten years. According to the specific height difference between ten-year-one flood level and five-year-one flood level, the multi-stage vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 can be arranged, and the ten-year-one flood level is used as the top control elevation of the highest-order wetland. The vertical subsurface wetland 3 is an artificial constructed wetland and comprises an outer structure and an inner structure. The outer structure adopts a gabion and stone masonry construction mode, the construction mode is moderate in strength and cost, and the external structure is used for resisting flood impact in the first decade or below. The vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 is an artificial constructed wetland with the depth of 1.0-1.5m, so that the limited bank space is fully utilized to improve the water quality purification effect. In the embodiment, the vertical subsurface wetland 3 can be in an upstream or downstream mode, the internal structure adopts a conventional construction method, a soil layer, a matrix layer, a cushion layer and an impermeable layer are sequentially constructed from top to bottom, the water conveying and distributing device 5 is arranged in the matrix layer, and a 'rich' structure is adopted to improve the uniformity of water conveying and distributing. The vertical subsurface flow wetland 3 is positioned in the middle area of the wetland system, mainly plays a role in core water quality purification, and plants emergent aquatic plants with developed root systems, good pollutant purification effect and strong vitality, such as reed, cattail, nutgrass flatsedge, pinus brachypnea, thalictrum floribundum and saxifraga stolonifera.
And the vertical surface flow wetland 2 is constructed between the ten-year flood meeting level and the twenty-year flood meeting level. According to the actual height difference between the flood level meeting once in twenty years and the flood level meeting once in ten years, the multi-stage vertical surface flow wetland 2 can be arranged, and the flood level meeting once in twenty years is used as the water level control elevation in the highest-order wetland. The vertical surface flow wetland 2 is also an artificial constructed wetland, the vertical surface flow wetland 2 comprises a vertical surface flow wetland outer structure and a vertical surface flow wetland inner structure, the wetland outer structure is constructed by reinforced concrete, the construction mode has high strength and is used for resisting the impact of flood over ten years, the depth of the vertical surface flow wetland 2 in the invention is 0.6-1.0m, and the lower depth is more beneficial to the strength of the wetland outer structure, thereby further enhancing the flood resistance. The vertical surface flow wetland adopts either up-flow or down-flow, the internal structure of the vertical surface flow wetland adopts a conventional construction method to sequentially construct a free water surface, a substrate layer, a cushion layer and an impermeable layer from top to bottom, the water conveying and distributing device is arranged in the substrate layer, and the 'rich' structure is adopted to improve the uniformity of water conveying and distributing. Because the 2 matrix layers of vertical surface flow wetland are directly exposed, the matrix with larger particle size is preferably adopted to reduce the reduction of wetland porosity caused by silt carried by flood water, the matrix particle size of the matrix layer adopted in the embodiment is larger than 30mm, and a layer of geotextile is laid at a position 10cm away from the top of the matrix layer, so that the surface matrix after silt deposition can be cleaned or replaced conveniently. The vertical surface flow wetland 2 is positioned on the upper layer of the wetland system, is adjacent to a residential activity area, plays a role in water quality purification and landscape, and plants with water quality purification and landscape effects, such as canna aquatica, iris tectorum and celandine, are planted.
The part above the flood level in twenty years adopts a combined structure of the vertical surface flow wetland 2 and the oxidation pond 1. The oxidation pond 1 is a preposed unit of a wetland system and consists of a deep water area and a shallow water area. Deep water region with depth of 1.5-2.0m, and submerged plants such as Potamogeton crispus L, black algae, herba Swertiae Dilutae, and Arrowia macrorrhiza L.with low requirement for illumination are planted in the deep water region; the depth of the shallow water area is 0.5-1.0m, and submerged plants with high requirements on illumination, such as Foliutialia urensis, Goldfish algae, etc., are planted in the shallow water area; various floating leaf plants and emergent aquatic plants with landscape effect are planted in the oxidation pond 1.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The slope type artificial purification wetland system adapting to river water phases is characterized in that: the wetland system comprises an oxidation pond (1), a vertical surface flow wetland (2), a vertical subsurface flow wetland (3), a horizontal surface flow wetland (4), a water delivery and distribution device (5) and wetland plants, wherein the oxidation pond (1), the vertical surface flow wetland (2), the vertical subsurface flow wetland (3) and the horizontal surface flow wetland (4) are sequentially connected through the water delivery and distribution device (5), and the wetland plants are arranged in the oxidation pond (1), the vertical surface flow wetland (2), the vertical subsurface flow wetland (3) and the horizontal surface flow wetland (4);
constructing the horizontal surface flow wetland (4) when the flood level is lower than the flood level in five years; the vertical subsurface flow wetland (3) is constructed between the flood level of one flood in five years and the flood level of one flood in ten years; the vertical surface flow wetland (2) is constructed between the ten-year flood meeting level and the twenty-year flood meeting level; the vertical surface flow wetland (2) and the oxidation pond (1) are constructed above a flood level within twenty years;
the vertical surface flow wetland (2) comprises a vertical surface flow wetland outer structure and a vertical surface flow wetland inner structure, the vertical surface flow wetland outer structure is constructed by reinforced concrete, the depth of the vertical surface flow wetland (2) is 0.6-1.0m, a substrate layer, a water distribution layer and a water collection layer are sequentially laid on the vertical surface flow wetland (2) inner structure from top to bottom, and the vertical surface flow wetland (2) is provided with floating leaf plants and emergent aquatic plants;
the vertical subsurface flow wetland (3) comprises a vertical subsurface flow wetland external structure and a vertical subsurface flow wetland internal structure, the vertical subsurface flow wetland external structure is constructed by gabions and masonry stones, a soil layer, a matrix layer, a water distribution layer and a water collection layer are sequentially laid on the vertical subsurface flow wetland internal structure from top to bottom, and emergent aquatic plants are configured on the vertical subsurface flow wetland (3);
the depth of the horizontal surface flow wetland (4) is not more than 0.5m, and the horizontal surface flow wetland (4) is provided with hygrophytes and submerged plants.
2. The slope type constructed purification wetland system adapted to river water phase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxidation pond (1) comprises a deep water area and a shallow water area, different submerged plants are arranged in the deep water area and the shallow water area, and floating plants and emergent aquatic plants are also arranged in the oxidation pond (1).
3. The slope type constructed purification wetland system adapted to river water phase according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water conveying and distributing device (5) adopts a water discharging pipe.
4. A construction method of the slope type artificial purification wetland system adapted to river water phases according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
dividing flood levels according to historical precipitation and river bank information, wherein the flood levels comprise a flood level meeting at once in twenty years, a flood level meeting at once in ten years and a flood level meeting at once in five years;
selecting wetland types according to the flood level, wherein the wetland types comprise the oxidation pond, a vertical surface flow wetland, a vertical subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal surface flow wetland;
and constructing the wetland and configuring wetland plants according to the selected wetland type.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100459503B1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2004-12-03 | (주)자연과환경 | Constructed wetland system for sewage treatment |
| CN203128369U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-14 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Multifunctional combined artificial wetland system |
| CN209065542U (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | A kind of tableland formula artificial wet land treating system |
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2020
- 2020-08-25 CN CN202010863713.6A patent/CN111995057B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100459503B1 (en) * | 2004-07-29 | 2004-12-03 | (주)자연과환경 | Constructed wetland system for sewage treatment |
| CN203128369U (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2013-08-14 | 黄河勘测规划设计有限公司 | Multifunctional combined artificial wetland system |
| CN209065542U (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-07-05 | 北京东方利禾景观设计有限公司 | A kind of tableland formula artificial wet land treating system |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 场地尺度绿色基础设施的协同设计——以咸阳渭柳湿地公园生态修复设计为例;栾博;《景观设计学》;20171031;第26-43页 * |
| 栾博.场地尺度绿色基础设施的协同设计——以咸阳渭柳湿地公园生态修复设计为例.《景观设计学》.2017, * |
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