CN111992832A - Preparation method of aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992832A CN111992832A CN202010880961.1A CN202010880961A CN111992832A CN 111992832 A CN111992832 A CN 111992832A CN 202010880961 A CN202010880961 A CN 202010880961A CN 111992832 A CN111992832 A CN 111992832A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate, which comprises the steps of soaking a porous silicon carbide preform in molten metal of aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure by adopting a high-pressure forging method, controlling the soaking pressure and the pressure maintaining time, cooling and demoulding to obtain an aluminum silicon carbide complex with the thickness of 3-7 mm; selecting an aluminum alloy containing magnesium, controlling the molten aluminum smelting temperature and the die temperature, and preparing the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate by using a high-pressure forging method; and connecting the prepared aluminum silicon carbide complex with the prepared aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate by adopting a welding mode to prepare the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate. The invention connects the tooth column with the aluminum silicon carbide composite flat plate base in a welding mode, solves the problem of tooth leakage and tooth breakage in the traditional process, has high welding strength and low welding hole rate, and embodies the superiority of the process of the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of packaging substrates, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate.
Background
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), rechargeable electric vehicles (PEV), rail transit and the like in the market at present generally use a motor-driven power module and an IGBT module, and these modules generate very large amount of heat when operating. In order to cool these electronic power modules, the most effective method on the market is water circulation cooling. The water-cooled toothed plate is able to conduct a large amount of heat from the power module into the cooling liquid in a highly efficient conduction manner, thus constituting an important component of the cooling cycle.
At present, the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate is manufactured by a one-time integral infiltration molding mode, and the manufacturing process is used for infiltrating molten aluminum liquid into a porous silicon carbide flat plate and a mold hole position in a mold in a vacuum manner in a closed cavity. Because the hole sites (tooth sites) in the water-cooling toothed plate die are dense and are in a blind hole state, the aluminum liquid infiltrated under the negative pressure condition is easy to have the adverse phenomena of incompactness, tooth leakage, short teeth and the like; meanwhile, the method is difficult to demould, and the mould is very easy to damage after a small amount of circulation, so that the method has the problems of low yield, high cost and difficult large-scale industrial popularization.
In addition, when the porous silicon carbide preform is impregnated with the aluminum liquid and cooled, thermal stress generated due to a large difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the flat plate portion (aluminum silicon carbide composite) and the tooth portion (aluminum alloy) remains, which causes difficulty in mold release and defects such as cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, and solving the problems of tooth leakage, short teeth, tooth breakage, difficult demoulding, low yield and the like of the water-cooling toothed plate of the aluminum silicon carbide composite prepared by the traditional integrated process in the forming process.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking the porous silicon carbide preform in molten metal of aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure by adopting a high-pressure forging method, controlling the soaking pressure and the pressure maintaining time, and cooling and demolding to obtain an aluminum silicon carbide composite body with the thickness of 3-7 mm;
s2, selecting an aluminum alloy containing magnesium, controlling the molten aluminum smelting temperature and the mold temperature, and preparing the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate by using a high-pressure forging method;
and S3, connecting the aluminum silicon carbide composite prepared in the step S1 and the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate prepared in the step S2 in a welding mode to manufacture the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate.
Specifically, in step S1, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy is 720 to 760 ℃, the heating temperature of the porous silicon carbide preform is 700 to 740 ℃, the infiltration pressure is 1 to 5Mpa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 to 60 minutes.
Specifically, in step S1, the volume fraction of the porous silicon carbide preform is 55% to 70%.
Specifically, in step S1, the average thickness of the aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum silicon carbide composite is 50 to 150 μm, and the flatness of the bonding surface of the aluminum silicon carbide composite is less than 50 μm.
Specifically, in step S1, the average thickness of the aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum silicon carbide composite is 50 to 100 μm, and the flatness of the bonding surface of the aluminum silicon carbide composite is less than 50 μm.
Specifically, in the step S2, the molten aluminum melting temperature is controlled to be 680-720 ℃, the mold heating temperature is controlled to be 220-280 ℃, the injection pressure is 20-30 Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 10-20S, and the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is obtained through demolding and cooling. 7. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 300-500 μm, and the flatness of the non-tooth surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 μm.
Specifically, in step S3, vacuum brazing is used, the preheating temperature is 200-250 ℃ under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, and then the brazing temperature is controlled to be 600-615 ℃ to complete brazing.
Specifically, in step S3, the hole rate of the prepared aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate is less than 0.5%.
Specifically, the aluminum alloy contains 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent of magnesium element.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate. The flat plate structure of the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is simple, so that the pressure required by infiltration can be reduced, and the demoulding is simple. And the aluminum alloy tooth part uses traditional metal die-casting mode, and is simple high-efficient to compact structure, yields and performance promote to some extent. And the two parts are welded and assembled by brazing, and the welding surface is provided with an aluminum layer, so that the method is equivalent to the welding between the same metals, has low difficulty and is particularly suitable for large-scale popularization.
Furthermore, a high-pressure forging method is selected, namely, a porous silicon carbide preform is filled in a high-pressure container and soaked in the molten metal of the aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure to obtain an aluminum silicon carbide composite body, the obtained preform is compact in structure, and the defects of surface aluminum layer pinholes and the like are few, so that the welding strength is guaranteed.
Furthermore, the volume ratio is 55-70%, and the required thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient are ensured.
Furthermore, the average thickness and the flatness of the aluminum alloy layer are less than 50 microns, the surface flatness is small, the welding difficulty is reduced, and the mechanical strength of brazing is improved.
Furthermore, the average thickness is preferably 50-100 mu m, so that a certain thickness of the surface aluminum layer is ensured, and the drawing strength and the adhesive force of brazing processing and surface electroplating are facilitated. And in later-period product use, deformation and bending caused by use fatigue are reduced.
Furthermore, the melting temperature of the molten aluminum in the molten aluminum melting process is slightly higher than the melting point of aluminum, so that the complete molten state of the molten aluminum is ensured. The preheating and heating temperature of the die is controlled, so that the flowability of aluminum water in the die is ensured, the defects of insufficient cold shut and die-casting of aluminum and the like are overcome, the service life of the die is prolonged due to the excessively high die temperature, the pressure maintaining time is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved. Dwell time and injection pressure are related to mold temperature, mold size, aluminum water temperature and flowability.
Furthermore, the thickness of the flat surface and the planeness of the non-tooth surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate are less than 40 mu m, the surface flatness is small, the welding difficulty is reduced, and the mechanical strength of brazing is improved.
Furthermore, the oxygen content in the brazing process is controlled, and the oxidation of aluminum in the brazing process is avoided. The moisture on the surface of the product is discharged in the preheating process, so that the defects in brazing are avoided, and the brazing efficiency is improved. The brazing temperature is related to the selected solder fusion joint temperature.
Furthermore, the porosity of the aluminum silicon carbide water cooling toothed plate is less than 0.5%, the lower the porosity is, the higher the heat conductivity coefficient, bending resistance and tensile strength are, and the thermal expansion coefficient is stable.
Furthermore, the aluminum alloy contains 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent of magnesium element, and a certain amount of magnesium element is added, so that the tensile strength and the weldability of the aluminum and the wettability of the aluminum liquid and the silicon carbide can be enhanced.
In conclusion, the tooth column is connected with the aluminum silicon carbide composite flat plate base in a welding mode, the problem that teeth are missed and broken in the traditional process is solved, the welding strength is high, the welding hole rate is low, and the advantages of the process are reflected.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a silicon carbide ceramic blank;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a ceramic compliant aluminum silicon carbide plate base;
FIG. 3 is a view of an aluminum alloy water-cooled tooth, wherein (a) is a top view and (b) is a side view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the combination of an aluminum silicon carbide ceramic flat base and an aluminum alloy water-cooling tooth;
FIG. 5 is a drawing of an aluminum silicon carbide composite ceramic water-cooled toothed plate;
fig. 6 is a plane ultrasonic flaw detection diagram of the welded water-cooled toothed plate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate. The aluminum silicon carbide composite flat plate which is soaked out of the flat plate under the vacuum negative pressure condition has the defects of easy demoulding, difficult impregnation, incompact and the like due to simple shape. The water-cooling tooth part of the aluminum alloy is prepared in a die-casting mode, and two different parts are welded and formed tightly in a welding mode. The novel preparation process of the water-cooling toothed plate provided by the invention has the advantages of easiness in demoulding, high efficiency and low infiltration pressure, and effectively solves the problems of low yield and resource waste in the traditional preparation process.
The invention relates to a preparation method of an aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate, which is characterized in that an aluminum silicon carbide composite body is connected with a main surface of an aluminum alloy tooth by a metal welding method, a welding interface is connected by the same metal, and the main surface of the aluminum silicon carbide and the main surface of the aluminum alloy tooth can be prevented from being stripped, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
s1, soaking the porous silicon carbide preform in molten metal of aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure by adopting a high-pressure forging method to prepare an aluminum silicon carbide composite;
putting aluminum alloy into a crucible and heating to 720-760 ℃, putting the porous silicon carbide preform into a mold and heating to 700-740 ℃; and (3) feeding the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould into high-pressure closed equipment in an up-and-down sequence, controlling the infiltration pressure to be 1-5 Mpa, maintaining the pressure for 30-60 minutes, and demoulding to take out the infiltrated aluminum-silicon carbide composite after the mould is cooled.
The aluminum silicon carbide composite is generally produced by a dipping method or a powder metallurgy method. In the present invention, the dipping method is preferable, and a product having sufficient heat transfer characteristics can be obtained. Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a porous silicon carbide preform with a volume fraction of 55% to 70% is selected, and an aluminum alloy containing 0.5% to 2.5% magnesium by mass is preferred in view of high thermal conductivity and wettability of aluminum liquid; soaking the porous silicon carbide preform in aluminum alloy liquid to prepare aluminum carbonSilicon carbide composite, aluminum silicon carbide composite having a coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature of < 12X 10-6and/K, the bending strength at 25 ℃ is more than 300 MPa.
The thickness of the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is 3-7 mm; the average thickness of the aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum silicon carbide composite is 50 to 150 μm, preferably 50 to 100 μm.
The surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite is usually ground to adjust the thickness of the aluminum layer to a preferred value; in order to ensure the welding strength, when the flatness of the welding surface is less than 50 micrometers, the welding flux permeates into the composite body and deforms; when the average thickness exceeds 150 μm, the thermal expansion of the plate itself becomes large, and the reliability is lowered.
S2, selecting an aluminum alloy containing magnesium element, and preparing the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate by using a high-pressure forging method;
referring to fig. 3, an aluminum alloy containing 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent of magnesium is selected, the temperature of molten aluminum is controlled to be 680 to 720 ℃, the temperature of a mold is controlled to be 220 to 280 ℃, the injection pressure is controlled to be 20 to 30Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 10s, and the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is obtained by demolding and cooling.
In order to meet the requirement of welding strength, the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate is 300-500 mu m, and an optimal value is obtained by grinding. Particularly, the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate is less than 40 mu m, so that the fitting performance required by welding is ensured.
And S3, connecting the aluminum silicon carbide composite prepared in the step S1 and the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate prepared in the step S2 in a welding mode to manufacture the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate.
The brazing filler metal is made of Al-Si-Mg series welding flux, firstly, polishing the welding surface, cleaning oil stains and residues on the surface by using a chemical solvent, cleaning an oxide film on the surface by using an aluminum brazing flux, and preheating to 200-250 ℃ for drying moisture by using vacuum brazing equipment under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 600-615 ℃, so as to finish brazing; after the brazing is finished, the surface residues and the welding flux are cleaned by using a methanol solvent, cleaned by using clean water and dried, and the brazing is finished as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Referring to fig. 6, for the welding performance of the present invention, ultrasonic flaw detection was used to confirm the defect state of the welded layer, thereby ensuring that the welded layer had no holes or cracks. The porosity of the prepared aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate is less than 0.5%, the application requirements are met, and the feasibility of the scheme is further explained.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 0.5 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 720 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 55% into a mold to be heated to 700 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 1Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 30 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 3mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 50 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 0.5 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 680 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 220 ℃, the injection pressure to be 20Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 300 mu m, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 mu m;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate is preheated to 200 ℃ to dry moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 600 ℃, and the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is manufactured.
Example 2
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 0.8 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 730 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 58% into a mold to be heated to 705 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 2Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 35 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body with the infiltration thickness of 4mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 80 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 0.8% of magnesium by mass percent, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 690 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 230 ℃, the injection pressure to be 22Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of a flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 350 microns, and the flatness of a toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 microns;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 210 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 605 ℃.
Example 3
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 1.0 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 740 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 60% into a mold to be heated to 710 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 3Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 40 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 5mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 100 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 1.0 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 700 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 240 ℃, the injection pressure to be 24Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 400 mu m, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 mu m;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 220 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 608 ℃.
Example 4
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 1.5 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 750 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 64% into a mold to be heated to 720 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 3Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 50 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 5mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 120 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 1.5 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 700 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 260 ℃, the injection pressure to be 26Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 420 mu m, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 mu m;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 230 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 610 ℃.
Example 5
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 2.0 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible, heating to 760 ℃, placing a porous silicon carbide preform with a volume ratio of 68% into a mold, and heating to 730 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 4Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 55 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 6mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 140 micrometers, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 micrometers;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 2.0 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 710 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 270 ℃, the injection pressure to be 28Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 480 microns, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 microns;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 240 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 612 ℃.
Example 6
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 2.5 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible, heating to 760 ℃, placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 70% into a mold, and heating to 740 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 5Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 60 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 7mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 150 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 2.5 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 720 ℃, the temperature of a mold to be 280 ℃, the injection pressure to be 30Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demolding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 500 mu m, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 mu m;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 250 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 615 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 0.5 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 720 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 55% into a mold to be heated to 700 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 0.5Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 30 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 3mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 50 mu m, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 mu m;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 0.5 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 680 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 220 ℃, the injection pressure to be 20Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 300 mu m, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 mu m;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the solder is preheated to 200 ℃ to dry moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 600 ℃, and finishing brazing.
Comparative example 2
Placing an aluminum alloy containing 2.0 mass percent of magnesium into a crucible to be heated to 760 ℃, and placing a porous silicon carbide preform with the volume ratio of 45% into a mold to be heated to 730 ℃; the heated aluminum liquid crucible and the porous silicon carbide prefabricated body mould are sequentially put into a high-pressure closed device from top to bottom, the infiltration pressure is controlled to be 4Mpa, the pressure maintaining time is 55 minutes, after the mould is cooled, the mould is demoulded and taken out to obtain an aluminum-silicon carbide composite body which is infiltrated and has the thickness of 6mm, the average thickness of an aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is 140 micrometers, and the flatness of a welding surface of the aluminum-silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 micrometers;
selecting an aluminum alloy containing 2.0 mass percent of magnesium, controlling the temperature of molten aluminum to be 710 ℃, the temperature of a die to be 270 ℃, the injection pressure to be 28Mpa, keeping the pressure for 10s, and demoulding and cooling to obtain a die-cast aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate, wherein the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 480 microns, and the flatness of the toothless surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 microns;
selecting Al-Si-Mg series solder, using vacuum brazing equipment, and ensuring that the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate with the porosity of less than 0.5% is obtained by preheating 240 ℃ and drying moisture under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, wherein the brazing temperature is 628 ℃.
TABLE 1 aluminum silicon carbide composite Performance parameters
TABLE 2 Water-cooled toothed plate Performance parameters
The performance parameters of the embodiment and the comparative example show that the product obtained by the process has good thermal conductivity, high welding strength and low welding porosity, and can meet the application requirements of the fields of IGBT and the like.
In summary, according to the preparation method of the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate, the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate is obtained by separately manufacturing the pure aluminum toothed column and the aluminum silicon carbide composite body and then welding. The manufacturing of the pure aluminum toothed plate can effectively avoid the problems of tooth breakage, tooth leakage, needle holes and difficult demoulding, and the yield is effectively improved. The aluminum silicon carbide composite and the tooth column meeting the welding requirements of the water-cooling toothed plate, which are defined by the invention, have wide index range and good joinability of the two parts, and the product yield is improved.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as strictly limiting to the exact numerical values recited, and unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension is intended to represent the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding the recited value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "10 s" is intended to mean "about 10 s".
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, soaking the porous silicon carbide preform in molten metal of aluminum alloy at high temperature and high pressure by adopting a high-pressure forging method, controlling the soaking pressure and the pressure maintaining time, and cooling and demolding to obtain an aluminum silicon carbide composite body with the thickness of 3-7 mm;
s2, selecting an aluminum alloy containing magnesium, controlling the molten aluminum smelting temperature and the mold temperature, and preparing the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate by using a high-pressure forging method;
and S3, connecting the aluminum silicon carbide composite prepared in the step S1 and the aluminum alloy water-cooling toothed plate prepared in the step S2 in a welding mode to manufacture the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooling toothed plate.
2. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy is 720-760 ℃, the heating temperature of the porous silicon carbide preform is 700-740 ℃, the infiltration pressure is 1-5 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 minutes.
3. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the volume ratio of the porous silicon carbide preform is 55-70%.
4. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the average thickness of the aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is 50-150 μm, and the flatness of the welding surface of the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 μm.
5. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the average thickness of the aluminum alloy layer in the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is 50-100 μm, and the flatness of the welding surface of the aluminum silicon carbide composite body is less than 50 μm.
6. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the aluminum water melting temperature is controlled to be 680-720 ℃, the mold heating temperature is controlled to be 220-280 ℃, the injection pressure is controlled to be 20-30 MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 10-20S, and the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate after die-casting is obtained through demolding and cooling.
7. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the thickness of the flat plate surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is 300-500 μm, and the flatness of the non-tooth surface of the aluminum alloy water-cooled toothed plate is less than 40 μm.
8. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, vacuum brazing is used, the preheating temperature is 200-250 ℃ under the condition that the oxygen content is lower than 50pp, and then the brazing temperature is controlled to be 600-615 ℃ to complete brazing.
9. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the hole rate of the manufactured aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate is less than 0.5%.
10. The method for manufacturing the aluminum silicon carbide water-cooled toothed plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the aluminum alloy contains 0.5 to 2.5 mass percent of magnesium element.
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