CN111987473B - Vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna with reconfigurable polarization - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization reconfigurable vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna which comprises an anisotropic super-surface main reflector, an active super-surface secondary reflector, a supporting structure and a feed source, and realizes the fusion design of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector and a polarization conversion active super-surface secondary reflector. According to the invention, the size of the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode on the active super-surface secondary reflector is adjusted to generate electromagnetic waves in different polarization states to excite the anisotropic super-surface primary reflector, so that the polarization mode of each wave beam of the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna can be reconfigured, the multiplexing among vortex wave beams in different polarization modes in a single channel is realized, and the communication capacity of the existing vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and further relates to a vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna with reconfigurable polarization in the technical field of antennas. The invention can be used for the base station receiving antenna in the communication field.
Technical Field
The vortex wave has good orthogonality among different modes, so that a large number of same-frequency multiplexing channels can be formed, and the communication capacity is greatly improved.
The phase mutation super surface constructed based on the generalized Snell's law can excite vortex electromagnetic waves by adjusting the phase gradient between super surface units, and has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing.
A plurality of wave beams are generated by using a single antenna, a plurality of channels can be formed in space, the communication coverage range of the antenna is greatly improved, and the isolation between different channels can be increased when the polarization modes of different wave beams are different, so that signal crosstalk is avoided.
A patent document of university in southeast China 'a polarization-controllable vortex multi-beam metamaterial reflective array and a design method thereof' (application number: CN201811097059.1, application publication number: CN109193168A) discloses a multi-beam vortex field super-surface antenna. The antenna is composed of an anisotropic super-surface reflector and a feed source waveguide, and the reflection phase difference between the two directions is changed by adjusting the sizes of patches of a super-surface unit in the main polarization direction and the cross polarization direction, so that a wave beam has a specific polarization mode, and can generate a plurality of vortex wave beams with different directions, modal values and polarization modes. The antenna has the disadvantages that once the antenna structure is determined, the polarization mode of each vortex beam is fixed, the vortex beams with different polarizations cannot be multiplexed in the same channel, and the communication capacity of the channel is limited.
The patent document "planar Cassegrain vortex field antenna based on super surface" (application number: CN201810584407.1, application publication number: CN108832311A) applied by the university of electronic technology of Sigan discloses a planar Cassegrain vortex field antenna based on super surface. The antenna mainly comprises a main reflector based on a super surface, a secondary reflector and a feed source arranged in the center of the main reflector, and a single vortex beam can be generated by adjusting the phase gradient of a super surface unit of the main reflector. The antenna has the disadvantages that only a single vortex beam can be generated, a plurality of channels cannot be formed, and the communication coverage range is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna with reconfigurable polarization aiming at the defects of the prior art, and the vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna is used for solving the problems of low communication capacity and large occupied space of the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna.
The idea for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna with reconfigurable polarization is realized by the fusion design of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector and the polarization conversion active super-surface reflecting surface. By adjusting the capacitance value of the variable capacitance diode on the active super-surface secondary reflector, electromagnetic waves in different polarization states are generated to excite the anisotropic super-surface main reflector, and the reconstruction of the wave beam polarization mode of the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the super-surface active super-surface reflecting mirror comprises an anisotropic super-surface main reflecting mirror, an active super-surface auxiliary reflecting mirror, a supporting structure and a feed source fixed at the central position of the anisotropic super-surface main reflecting mirror. The active super-surface secondary reflector and the anisotropic super-surface main reflector are arranged at two ends of the supporting structure in parallel, the central normal of the active super-surface secondary reflector is coincided with the central normal of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector, and the phase center of the feed source is coincided with the focal point of the active super-surface secondary reflector; the main reflecting mirror with the anisotropic super surface adopts a planar array structure consisting of M rows and N columns of anisotropic units which are uniformly distributed, wherein M is more than or equal to 12, and N is more than or equal to 12; each anisotropic unit comprises a first medium layer, orthogonal ring patches printed on one side surface of the first medium layer and a metal floor on the other side surface of the first medium layer; each orthogonal loop patch comprises a main polarized rectangular loop and a cross polarized rectangular loop, and can be independently modulated aiming at the main polarized wave and the cross polarized wave respectively; after phase compensation values of each main polarized rectangular ring and each cross polarized rectangular ring are calculated, sizes corresponding to phase values of the main polarized rectangular rings and the cross polarized rectangular rings in each anisotropic unit are obtained through simulation experiments; the active super-surface secondary reflector adopts a planar array structure consisting of P multiplied by Q identical polarization conversion units, wherein P is more than or equal to 4, Q is more than or equal to 4, and each polarization conversion unit comprises a second dielectric layer, a patch structure, a metal strip line, a metal column, a third dielectric layer and a metal layer; a patch structure is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, and a metal strip line is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer; the patch structure comprises a rectangular metal inclined ring and a variable capacitance diode, the rectangular metal inclined ring is distributed along a main diagonal line of the upper surface of the second dielectric layer, the variable capacitance diode with a variable capacitance value is embedded into an opening between two long sides of the rectangular metal inclined ring, and the active super-surface secondary reflector is arranged at a V of the variable capacitance diode1Bias voltage state generates right-hand circularly polarized wave, V2Generating left-handed circularly polarized waves in the bias voltage state; the metalThe strip line is parallel to one side of the polarization conversion unit, and the metal strip line is connected with the short side of the rectangular metal inclined ring through the metal column; and a metal layer is printed on the lower surface of the third medium layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, because the active super-surface secondary reflector and the anisotropic super-surface primary reflector are arranged at two ends of the supporting structure in parallel, the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna and the active super-surface secondary reflector are fused, electromagnetic waves with different polarizations are generated by changing the bias voltage of the varactor of the active super-surface secondary reflector, and a plurality of wave beam vortex waves with different polarizations are respectively generated by the anisotropic super-surface primary reflector, so that the problem that the wave beam polarization mode of the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna in the prior art is not reconfigurable is solved, the polarization mode of each wave beam can be reconfigured under the condition that the structure of the antenna is not changed, and the antenna has the advantage of flexible radiation.
Secondly, the active super-surface secondary reflector and the anisotropic super-surface main reflector are adopted, so that the vortex wave super-surface Cassegrain antenna has the functions of anisotropy and polarization conversion, a plurality of vortex beams are generated through the anisotropic super-surface main reflector, the direction, the modal value and the polarization mode of each beam are different, and the problem that the modal value and the polarization mode of the beams are single in the prior art is solved, so that the vortex wave super-surface Cassegrain antenna meets the multiplexing requirement among a plurality of vortex beams with different modal values and polarization modes, and the communication capacity of the vortex wave super-surface Cassegrain antenna is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anisotropic cell in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a polarization conversion unit in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the polarization conversion effect of the polarization conversion unit in the frequency range of 5-6 GHz in the simulation experiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the polarization conversion effect of the polarization conversion unit in the incidence angle range of 0-40 ° in the simulation experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a radiation pattern of a simulation experiment of the present invention under a bias voltage of 2V and a frequency of 5.8 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the simulation experiment of the present invention under the conditions of 24V bias voltage and 5.8GHz frequency.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The overall structure of the antenna of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1.
The active super-surface reflector comprises a supporting structure 3, an anisotropic super-surface main reflector 1, a feed source 4 and an active super-surface secondary reflector 2, wherein the feed source 4 and the active super-surface secondary reflector 2 are fixed at the central position of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector 1, the active super-surface secondary reflector 2 and the anisotropic super-surface main reflector 1 are arranged at two ends of the supporting structure 3 in parallel, the central normal of the active super-surface secondary reflector 2 is coincided with the central normal of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector 1, and the phase center of the feed source 4 is coincided with the focus of the active super-surface secondary reflector 2.
The feed source 4 in the embodiment of the present invention adopts, but is not limited to, WR-137 standard horn antenna, and the support structure 3 in the embodiment of the present invention adopts, but is not limited to, a lightweight plastic rod.
Referring to FIG. 2, the structure of the anisotropic super surface primary mirror in the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
In fig. 2, the anisotropic super-surface main mirror 1 is arranged at the lower left, the anisotropic unit 11 in the anisotropic super-surface main mirror 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is marked by a dotted circle, and the detailed structure of the anisotropic unit 11 is arranged at the upper right of fig. 2. The anisotropic super-surface main mirror 1 in the embodiment of the invention adopts a planar array structure composed of 48 rows and 48 columns of uniformly arranged anisotropic units 11. Each of the anisotropic units includes a first dielectric layer 111, orthogonal loop patches 112 printed on one side of the first dielectric layer 111, and a metal floor 113 on the other side. Each orthogonal loop patch 112 includes a main polarized rectangular loop 1121 and a cross-polarized rectangular loop 1122, the main polarized rectangular loop 1121 is distributed along the u direction, the center of the main polarized rectangular loop 1121 coincides with the center of the upper surface of the anisotropic unit 11, the cross-polarized rectangular loop 1122 is distributed along the v direction, the center of the cross-polarized rectangular loop 1122 coincides with the center of the upper surface of the anisotropic unit 11, and after a phase compensation value of each main polarized rectangular loop 1121 and the cross-polarized rectangular loop 1122 is calculated, a size corresponding to a phase value of the main polarized rectangular loop 1121 and the cross-polarized rectangular loop 1122 in each anisotropic unit 11 is obtained through a simulation experiment. The formula for calculating the phase compensation value is as follows:
wherein,
indicates the phase compensation value of main polarized rectangular ring 1121 in mth row and nth column anisotropic unit 11,
represents the phase compensation value of the cross-polarized rectangular ring 1122 in the nth anisotropic unit 11 in the mth row, where m is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 48, n is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 48, and k0Represents the wave number of the electromagnetic wave in free space, | | | represents the operation of solving the absolute value,
represents the center coordinates of the m-th row and n-th column anisotropic elements 11,
represents the focal coordinates of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector 1, Arg represents the angle-solving operation, Sigma represents the summation operation, N represents the total number of vortex beams generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna, N is more than or equal to 2, exp represents the exponential operation with the natural logarithm e as the base, j represents the imaginary unit symbol, lpIndicating vortex multi-beam ultrasoundThe mode value of the p-th beam generated by the surface antenna,
indicates the azimuth angle of the m-th row and n-th column anisotropic element 11,
indicating the pointing direction of the p-th beam generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
θprepresenting the elevation angle of the p-th beam produced by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
indicating the azimuth of the p-th beam produced by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
the initial phase of the main polarization direction of the p-th wave beam generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
and the initial phase of the p-th wave beam cross polarization direction generated by the vortex multi-beam super surface antenna is shown. In each anisotropic unit 11 of the embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first dielectric layer 111 is not limited to D115mm, thickness is taken but not limited to t 13 mm. The loop widths of the main polarized rectangular loop 1121 and the cross polarized rectangular loop 1122 in each anisotropic unit 11 of the embodiment of the invention are not limited to w10.2 mm. The length b of the main polarized rectangular ring 1121 in each anisotropic unit 11 of the embodiment of the present inventionuIs taken to be but not limited to [1.2mm, 6.0mm ]]Width a ofuIs taken to be but not limited to [1.2mm, 6.0mm ]]. Length b of cross-polarized rectangular ring 1122 in each anisotropic cell 11 in the embodiments of the present inventionvIs taken to be but not limited to [1.2mm, 6.0mm ]]Width a ofvIs taken to be but not limited to [1.2mm, 6.0mm ]]. The inventionThe focal length of the anisotropic super-surface primary mirror 1 in the embodiment is not limited
The total number of vortex beams in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to N-3, and the pointing direction, the mode shape value, the initial phase of the main polarization direction and the initial phase of the cross polarization direction of each vortex beam in the embodiment of the present invention are not limited to
Referring to FIG. 3, the structure of the active super-surface secondary mirror in the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
In fig. 3, the active super-surface sub-mirror 2 is shown at the bottom left, the circle marked by the dotted line is the polarization conversion unit 21 in the active super-surface sub-mirror 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed structure of the polarization conversion unit 21 is shown in fig. 3. In the embodiment of the invention, the active super-surface secondary reflector 2 adopts a planar array structure consisting of 4 multiplied by 4 identical polarization conversion units 21. Each polarization conversion unit 21 includes a second dielectric layer 211, a patch structure 212, two metal strip lines 213, two metal posts 214, a third dielectric layer 215, and a metal layer 216. The upper surface of the second dielectric layer 211 is printed with a patch structure 212, and the lower surface is printed with a metal strip line 213. The patch structure 212 includes a rectangular metal inclined ring 2121 and a varactor diode 2122, the rectangular metal inclined ring 2121 is distributed along a main diagonal line of the upper surface of the second dielectric layer 211, and the varactor diode 2122 with a variable capacitance value is embedded in an opening between two long sides of the rectangular metal inclined ring (2121). The metal strip lines 213 are parallel to one side of the polarization conversion unit 21, and each metal strip line 213 is connected to the center of one short side of the rectangular metal inclined ring 2121 through one metal column 214. And a metal layer 216 is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric layer 215. In each polarization conversion unit 21 of the embodiment of the present invention, the length of the second dielectric layer 211 is not limited to D225mm, thickness t 22 mm. The loop width of the rectangular metal inclined loop 2121 in each polarization conversion unit 21 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to w30.3mm, length b321mm, width a39 mm. In the embodiment of the present invention, the width g of the opening of the rectangular inclined metal ring 2121 in each polarization conversion unit 21 is 0.3mm, and the varactor diode embedded in the opening is not limited to SMV-1405. The diameter of the metal pillar 214 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to 1 mm. The width of the metal strip line 213 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to ws0.5 mm. The thickness of the third dielectric layer 215 in the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to t3The side length is equal to the side length of the two dielectric layers 211, which is 1 mm.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to simulation experiments of embodiments of the present invention.
1. Simulation conditions are as follows:
the hardware platform of the simulation experiment of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: the processor is an Intel i 79700 CPU, the main frequency is 3.00GHz, and the memory is 64 GB.
The simulation experiment software platform of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: windows 10 operating system and CST 2017.
2. Simulation experiment content and result analysis:
the simulation experiments of the polarization conversion unit in the embodiment of the invention are four, the simulation results of the simulation experiments 1 and 2 are shown in figure 4 in detail, the abscissa in figure 4 represents the simulation frequency, the unit is GHz, the range is 5-6 GHz, the ordinate represents the polarization conversion rate, and the range is-1.
The simulation results of the simulation experiments 3 and 4 are shown in detail in fig. 5, the abscissa in fig. 5 represents the incident angle of the incident wave, the unit is deg, the range is 0-40 degrees, and the ordinate represents the polarization conversion rate, the range is-1.
Simulation experiment 4, full-wave simulation is performed on the polarization conversion unit in the embodiment of the present invention under the conditions of 24V bias voltage, 5.8GHz frequency and incidence angle in the range of 0-40 °, and the simulation result is shown as a triangle connection line in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, the polarization conversion rate of the polarization conversion unit in the embodiment of the present invention is close to-1 under the conditions of 24V bias voltage, 5.8GHz frequency and incidence angle in the range of 0 ° to 40 °, which indicates that the polarization conversion unit of simulation experiment 4 of the present invention can convert the incident wave into the left-handed circularly polarized wave.
Simulation experiment 5, full-wave simulation is performed on the embodiment of the present invention under the conditions of 2V bias voltage and 5.8GHz frequency, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 6. Fig. 6 shows that the embodiment of the present invention generates 45 ° linear polarization for the beam # 1, left-hand circular polarization for the beam # 2, and right-hand circular polarization for the beam # 3 under the bias voltage of 2V and the frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Simulation experiment 6, full-wave simulation is performed on the embodiment of the present invention under the conditions of 24V bias voltage and 5.8GHz frequency, and the simulation result is shown in fig. 7. Fig. 7 shows that the embodiment of the present invention generates 135 ° linear polarization for the beam # 1, right-hand circular polarization for the beam # 2, and left-hand circular polarization for the beam # 3 under the bias voltage of 24V and the frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Claims (4)
1. A polarization reconfigurable vortex multi-beam super-surface Cassegrain antenna comprises an anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1), an active super-surface secondary reflector (2), a support structure (3) and a feed source (4) fixed at the central position of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1), and is characterized in that the active super-surface secondary reflector (2) and the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1) are arranged at two ends of the support structure (3) in parallel, the central normal of the active super-surface secondary reflector (2) is coincided with the central normal of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1), and the phase center of the feed source (4) is coincided with the focus of the active super-surface secondary reflector (2); the main reflector (1) with the anisotropic super surface adopts a planar array structure consisting of M rows and N columns of anisotropic units (11) which are uniformly distributed, wherein M is more than or equal to 12, and N is more than or equal to 12; each anisotropic unit comprises a first medium layer (111), a perpendicular ring patch (112) printed on one side of the first medium layer (111), and a metal floor (113) on the other side; each orthogonal ring patch (112) comprises a main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and a cross polarized rectangular ring (1122), the main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and the cross polarized rectangular ring (1122) are respectively distributed along two mutually perpendicular sides of an anisotropic unit (11), the centers of the main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and the cross polarized rectangular ring (1122) are superposed with the center of the upper surface of the anisotropic unit (11), and the main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and the cross polarized rectangular ring (1122) can be used for independently modulating a main polarized wave and a cross polarized wave respectively; after phase compensation values of each main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and each cross polarized rectangular ring (1122) are calculated, sizes corresponding to phase values of the main polarized rectangular ring (1121) and the cross polarized rectangular ring (1122) in each anisotropic unit (11) are obtained through a simulation experiment; the active super-surface secondary reflector (2) adopts a planar array structure consisting of P multiplied by Q identical polarization conversion units (21), wherein P is more than or equal to 4, Q is more than or equal to 4, and each polarization conversion unit (21) comprises a second dielectric layer (211), a patch structure (212), two metal strip lines (213), two metal columns (214), a third dielectric layer (215) and a metal layer (216); a patch structure (212) is printed on the upper surface of the second dielectric layer (211), and a metal strip line (213) is printed on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer; the patch structure (212) comprises a rectangular metal inclined ring (2121) and a varactor diode (b2122) The rectangular metal inclined ring (2121) is distributed along the main diagonal of the upper surface of the second dielectric layer (211), the variable capacitance diode (2122) with variable capacitance value is embedded into an opening between two long sides of the rectangular metal inclined ring (2121), and the active super-surface secondary reflector (2) is arranged at the V position of the variable capacitance diode (2122)1Bias voltage state generates right-hand circularly polarized wave, V2Generating left-handed circularly polarized waves in the bias voltage state; the metal strip lines (213) are parallel to one side of the polarization conversion unit (21), and the two metal strip lines (213) are respectively connected with two short sides of the rectangular metal inclined ring (2121) through two metal columns (214); and a metal layer (216) is printed on the lower surface of the third dielectric layer (215).
2. The polarization reconfigurable vortex multi-beam super-surface cassegrain antenna according to claim 1, wherein the phase compensation value of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1) is expressed as follows:
wherein, a space rectangular coordinate system is established by taking uvw as a coordinate axis, u represents a main polarization direction, v represents a cross polarization direction, a plane formed by the coordinate axis u and the coordinate axis v is parallel to the upper surface of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1), the coordinate axis w is perpendicular to the plane formed by the coordinate axis u and the coordinate axis v,
shows the phase compensation value of the main polarized rectangular ring (1121) in the anisotropic unit (11) of the mth row and the nth column,
represents the phase compensation value of a cross-polarized rectangular ring (1122) in the m-th row and the n-th column of anisotropic cells (11), and m is more than or equal to 1≤M，1≤n≤N，k0Represents the wave number of the electromagnetic wave in free space, | | | represents the operation of solving the absolute value,
represents the center coordinates of the m-th row and n-th column anisotropic unit (11),
showing the focal coordinates of the anisotropic super-surface main reflector (1), Arg showing the angle-solving operation, Sigma showing the summation operation, N showing the total number of vortex beams generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna, N being more than or equal to 2, exp showing the exponential operation with the natural logarithm e as the base, j showing the imaginary unit sign, lpRepresenting the modal value of the p-th beam produced by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
showing the azimuth angle of the m-th row and n-th column anisotropic unit (11),
indicating the pointing direction of the p-th beam generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
θprepresenting the elevation angle of the p-th beam produced by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
indicating the azimuth of the p-th beam produced by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna,
the initial phase of the main polarization direction of the p-th wave beam generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna is shown,
the initial phase of the p-th beam cross polarization direction generated by the vortex multi-beam super-surface antenna is shown.
3. The polarization reconfigurable vortex multi-beam super-surface cassegrain antenna of claim 2, wherein: the vortex beam is polarized according to the following formula:
wherein, ispIndicating the phase difference between the main polarization direction and the cross polarization direction of the p-th vortex beam,
the phase value of the main polarization direction of the reflected wave generated by the active super-surface secondary reflector (2),
and the phase value representing the cross polarization direction of the reflected wave generated by the active super-surface secondary reflector (2).
4. The polarization reconfigurable vortex multi-beam super-surface cassegrain antenna of claim 1, wherein: the supporting structure (3) is made of non-metal materials.
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| CN113285230A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-20 | 天津大学 | Reflective super surface for millimeter wave MIMO and space power synthesis |
| CN113363720B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-06-30 | 西安电子科技大学 | Vortex wave two-dimensional scanning system integrating Luo Deman lens and active super-surface |
| CN114927861B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-07-04 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Circular polarization full-space super-surface six-mode vortex wave generator and regulation and control method |
| WO2024036459A1 (en) * | 2022-08-15 | 2024-02-22 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Metasurface unit, and metasurface array antenna and communication apparatus containing same |
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