CN111981438A - Super-surface lens corner reflector - Google Patents
Super-surface lens corner reflector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111981438A CN111981438A CN202010940933.4A CN202010940933A CN111981438A CN 111981438 A CN111981438 A CN 111981438A CN 202010940933 A CN202010940933 A CN 202010940933A CN 111981438 A CN111981438 A CN 111981438A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources
- F21V5/04—Refractors for light sources of lens shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super-surface lens corner reflector, which comprises a metal thin layer, a dielectric layer and a reflector, wherein the two dielectric layers are respectively distributed between the connection surfaces of the three metal thin layers, the metal thin layer and the dielectric layer are both disc-shaped, the reflector is a circular arc spherical shell with a center rotationally symmetrical, the reflector is positioned below the metal thin layer, the distance between the reflector and the bottommost metal thin layer is the radius of an inner circular arc of the reflector, and the open end of the reflector faces towards the metal thin layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar and microwave engineering, in particular to a super-surface lens corner reflector.
Background
The corner reflector is a device capable of returning incident electromagnetic waves to the incoming wave direction to the maximum extent in a wide angular range, has a strong Radar Cross Section (RCS), and is an important device for resisting Radar detection and interference. The radar corner reflector has wide application in the technical field of microwave engineering, such as passive interference and target characteristic simulation of various land, sea and air platforms, deception and induction of radar-guided weapon systems and the like, and early application of the radar corner reflector can be traced back to the second fight period. In the civil field, the corner reflector can be used in the fields of maritime rescue, radar wave calibration, remote detection, satellite navigation, communication and the like.
The passive corner reflector for current engineering application mainly takes a full-metal corner reflector and a dielectric luneberg lens reflector as main components, for example, the combination of several metal flat plates can reflect incident electromagnetic waves back to the wave direction for multiple times, the common use is dihedral angle and trihedral angle, and the corner reflector can realize RCS backscattering enhancement within 3dB within a space range of about +/-20 degrees. The luneberg lens reflector focuses electromagnetic waves in a wide-angle-range to the back metal reflector by stacking medium spherical shells with gradually-changed refractive indexes, and then the metal reflector reflects incident waves to realize wide-angle backward RCS enhancement, so that the luneberg lens reflector can well work in a wide-angle-range of about +/-40-50 degrees. The corner reflectors generally occupy large space and large volume, such as a three-plane angle, are heavy in structure, difficult to realize coplanar design, and are fixed along with the distribution characteristics of a space angular domain or frequency and difficult to change, such as the RCS distribution of the three-plane angle is in parabolic distribution along with the angle and monotonically increases along with the square root relation of the frequency, so that the corner reflectors cannot be applied to occasions needing to flexibly change the scattering characteristics.
In recent years, devices for realizing backscattering enhancement through flexible design of metamaterials or metamaterials have attracted attention because the metamaterials and the metamaterials can flexibly control incident electromagnetic waves through reasonably designing unit structures and arrangement modes, and coplanar design is easy and scattering characteristics are flexibly changed. The Angton lens corner reflector designed by the three-dimensional metamaterial adopts strict conversion optics, and is complex in design and large in size. Backscattering devices via two-dimensional planar super-surface arrays have also been noted and studied, but most of these devices operate in a narrow angular range, typically not more than 10 °, limiting their operation over a wide angular range, and can only operate over a specific angular range of single-direction incidence, with backscattering performance that is difficult to compare favorably with conventional corner reflectors (e.g., three-plane angles).
Therefore, in response to the above disadvantages, it is desirable to provide a super-surface lens corner reflector.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to solve the problems that the existing corner reflector is large and heavy in size, difficult to realize planar conformal design, difficult to change scattering characteristics along with angular domain or frequency fixation and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a super-surface lens corner reflector which comprises a metal thin layer, dielectric layers and a reflector, wherein the two dielectric layers are respectively distributed between the connection surfaces of the three metal thin layers, the metal thin layer and the dielectric layers are both disc-shaped, the reflector is an arc spherical shell with a center rotationally symmetrical, the reflector is positioned below the metal thin layer, the distance between the reflector and the bottommost metal thin layer is the radius of an inner arc of the reflector, and the opening end of the reflector faces towards the metal thin layer.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the ultra-thin metal gradual change structural design of multilayer to further increase the transmission range and the phase place of cell structure, simultaneously also insensitive to the big incident angle, can realize wide angle and efficient electromagnetic focusing simultaneously, place the reflection that convex curved surface speculum can realize different angle focusing fields in super surperficial lens rear suitable position simultaneously, because super surface structure's reciprocity, its focusing field energy can reflect back incident direction, consequently whole cascade structure realizes wide angle's backscatter reinforcing, can break through traditional corner reflector bulky, heavy, be difficult to defects such as the conformal design in plane and the fixed difficult change of backscatter characteristic along with angle domain and frequency.
As a further description of the present invention, preferably, the metal thin layer is composed of a plurality of thin layer units, and two resonance rings with two openings are disposed on the thin layer units.
By adopting the technical scheme, the high-efficiency incident electromagnetic wave focusing can be ensured, and the high-efficiency backscattering enhancement is realized.
As a further explanation of the present invention, it is preferable that each thin layer unit is arranged to constitute a metal thin layer by a transmission phase gradient gradation structure in which a transmission phase distribution satisfies:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a cell transmission phase representing the thin layer cell at coordinate (i, j);
λ represents the wavelength of the incident wave;
f represents the radius of the inner arc of the reflector;
x (i) and y (j) represent the actual coordinate size of the lamellar unit in coordinate system (i, j).
By adopting the technical scheme, the super-surface lens can realize high-efficiency focusing on vertical and large-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic waves, and meanwhile, the focusing position moves along the arc with the same radius, so that the backscattering enhancement on the vertical incidence electromagnetic waves and the large-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic waves is finally realized. Because the phase distribution of the metal layer structure of the super-surface lens is rotationally symmetrical in an x-y plane, the whole super-surface lens can realize the large-angle backscatter enhancement in omnidirectional space.
As a further illustration of the invention, the lamellar units preferably have a length p in the x-directionxLength in y direction of pyX (i) and y (j) satisfy:
x(i)＝i*px；
y(j)＝j*pj。
by adopting the technical scheme, the array type distribution is utilized and the disc shape is formed after the distribution, the back scattering of wide-angle incident electromagnetic waves in an omnidirectional space can be realized, the position phase at the center is the maximum, and the transmission phase of the unit is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coordinate position.
As a further illustration of the present invention, it is preferred that the total thickness between the thin metal layer and the dielectric layer is less than 0.2 λ.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, thickness is little not only makes its transmission stronger and weight littleer.
As a further explanation of the present invention, it is preferable that the opening radian of the reflector is equal to or greater than the single-side tilt-in maximum working angle of the electromagnetic wave.
By adopting the technical scheme, the focusing position of the electromagnetic wave with the maximum incidence angle is ensured to be received by the arc reflector, so that the electromagnetic wave can be reflected back to the incidence direction.
As a further explanation of the present invention, it is preferable that the mirror position satisfies a condition that the gradient phase distribution of the metal thin layer is focused at the lowest depression of the mirror at the time of normal incidence of the electromagnetic wave.
By adopting the technical scheme, the wave of the oblique incidence focusing position is reflected back to the incidence direction by the reflector, so that the whole corner reflector can work in the direction of a large incidence angle and in an environment of omnidirectional work.
As a further description of the present invention, it is preferable that the metal thin layer is made of a metal material, the dielectric layer is made of a transparent material, and the reflector is integrally formed by pressing a thin-wall metal.
By adopting the technical scheme, the metal thin layer and the dielectric layer are made of reasonable materials and are matched with a reasonable structural design, so that the high-efficiency focusing of the electromagnetic wave which works at a specific wavelength lambda and is polarized and vertically and obliquely incident at a large angle is realized; the thinner reflector thickness can make the whole super-surface lens corner reflector light in material, light in weight and easy to move.
As a further illustration of the invention, the thin metal layer is preferably fixedly connected to the mirror by means of a fixing device.
By adopting the technical scheme, the metal thin layer, the dielectric layer and the reflector are combined into a whole, so that uniform movement and uniform fixation are facilitated, the stable mutual position relationship among the three is ensured, and the influence on the focusing and reflection of electromagnetic waves is avoided.
As a further illustration of the invention, preferably, the fixing means is a foam, plastic or thin-rod metal bracket.
By adopting the technical scheme, the corner reflector can play a role of further reducing weight, so that the corner reflector is lighter.
(III) advantageous effects
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the novel plane corner reflector is developed by adopting the transmission type phase gradient super-surface lens, the vertical incidence and wide-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic waves are effectively focused by designing the super lens with a plurality of layers of plane gradient metal structure layers and dielectric layers stacked, the backward scattering enhancement of the omnidirectional incidence wavelength lambda within the range of +/-30 degrees of space can be realized by arranging the circular reflector on the back focusing plane, and the 3dB working angle area of the novel plane corner reflector is larger than that of the traditional three-surface corner reflector. The plane size of the whole device is not more than 6 lambda according to the design, the thickness is not more than 3 lambda, the plane super-lens corner reflector can work in a wide angle range, and the plane super-lens corner reflector is small and compact in structure, light in material and easy to design in a plane conformal and flexible mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a metal layer structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a thin layer unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view of the mirror structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of transmission coefficient versus frequency for different radii of lamellar units in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of phase versus frequency for different radii of lamellar units in accordance with the invention;
fig. 7 shows the distribution of the single station RCS of the present invention and the existing trihedral corner reflector with the incident angle.
In the figure: 1. a thin metal layer; 11. a thin layer unit; 2. a dielectric layer; 3. a mirror.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the super-surface lens corner reflector includes a metal thin layer 1, a dielectric layer 2 and a reflector 3, wherein the two dielectric layers 2 are respectively distributed between the junction surfaces of the three metal thin layers 1 to form a transmission type super-surface focusing lens, the upper and lower end surfaces of the transmission type super-surface focusing lens are the metal thin layers 1, the metal thin layers 1 and the dielectric layers 2 are both disc-shaped and have the same outer diameter, and the reflector 3 is located below the metal thin layer 1. The parallel electromagnetic wave beams are emitted from the metal thin layer 1 at the top of the transmission type super surface focusing lens, pass through the transmission type super surface focusing lens and then are converged into a point at the reflecting mirror 3, and the electromagnetic wave beams are reflected to the transmission type super surface focusing lens through the reflecting mirror 3 according to the original path, so that the reflected electromagnetic wave beams form a fan shape, and the backscattering of the electromagnetic wave is realized.
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, the metal thin layer 1 is made of a metal material, preferably a material such as copper or iron, the dielectric layer 2 is made of a transparent material, preferably a material such as teflon or glass, and the metal thin layer 1 and the dielectric layer 2 are made of reasonable materials and are matched with a reasonable structural design, so that the high-efficiency focusing of the vertical and large-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic wave working at a specific wavelength λ and polarization is realized; the metal thin layer 1 consists of a plurality of thin layer units 11, the thin layer units 11 are square sheets, and the end face coordinate system of the metal thin layer 1 is set as x-y; the length of the thin-layer unit 11 in the x direction is pxLength in y direction of py(ii) a Two resonance rings with two symmetrical upper and lower openings are arranged on the thin layer unit 11, and the widths of the upper and lower openings are w respectively1And w2The radian between the two rings is beta, and the radius of the radian is r; the thin metal layers 1 are formed by arranging the thin metal layer units 11 through a transmission phase gradient structure, wherein the transmission phase distribution satisfies the following conditions:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a cell transmission phase representing the thin-layer cell 11 at coordinate (i, j);
λ represents the wavelength of the incident wave;
f represents the radius of the inner arc of the mirror 3;
x (i) and y (j) represent the actual coordinate size of the lamellar unit 11 in the coordinate system (i, j), and x (i) and y (j) satisfy:
x(i)＝i*px；
y(j)＝j*pj。
in a coordinate system, the phase of the position at the center of the metal thin layer 1 is maximum, and the transmission phase of the unit is gradually reduced along with the increase of the coordinate position; through reasonable selection of the parameters, the transmission coefficient of the metal thin layer 1 near the working frequency is large, the incident electromagnetic waves can be efficiently focused by the vertically incident electromagnetic waves under the action of the transmission-type super-surface focusing lens, meanwhile, the phase distribution of the thin layer unit 11 at different positions of the metal thin layer 1 meets the expression, and high-efficiency backscattering enhancement can be realized by combining the multilayer dielectric layer 2.
Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the transmission type super surface focusing lens can well focus the electromagnetic waves under large-angle oblique incidence, the unit structure and the parameters are selected to ensure that the unit transmission coefficient of the transmission type super surface focusing lens array is also large, the transmission phase is consistent with the phase under vertical incidence, the super surface lens can realize high-efficiency focusing on the vertical and large-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic waves, meanwhile, the focusing position moves along the circular arc with the same radius, and finally the backscattering enhancement on the vertical incidence and large-angle oblique incidence electromagnetic waves is realized.
Because the structural phase distribution of the metal thin layer 1 of the super-surface lens is rotationally symmetrical in an x-y plane, the whole super-surface lens can realize the large-angle backward scattering enhancement in the omnidirectional space. And the total thickness between the metal thin layer 1 and the dielectric layer 2 is less than 0.2 lambda, and the small thickness not only ensures that the transmission performance is stronger, but also the weight is smaller.
With reference to fig. 1 and 4, the reflector 3 is an arc spherical shell with a center rotationally symmetrical, the reflector 3 is integrally formed by pressing thin-wall metal, preferably copper or iron, and the thickness can be as thin as possible under the condition of ensuring the reflection of the metal on the inner surface, so that the whole super-surface lens corner reflector is light in material, light in weight and easy to move; the distance between the reflector 3 and the bottommost metal thin layer 1 is equal to the radius F of the inner arc of the reflector 3, and the open end of the reflector 3 faces the metal thin layer 1. The mounting position of the reflector 3 satisfies: for normal incidence electromagnetic wave theta i0, its focusing position Q is distributed according to the gradient phase of the metal thin layer 11At F right below the lens, namely the lowest depression of the curved reflector, along with the incident electromagnetic wave angle thetaiIncrease of its focus position Q2The reflector 3 is ensured to reflect waves at an oblique incidence focusing position back to the incidence direction, so that the whole corner reflector can work in a large incidence angle direction and in an omnidirectional working environment.
With reference to fig. 1 and 4, the opening radian 2 α is selected according to the working angle domain of the whole super-surface lens corner reflector, and generally 2 α is not less than the maximum working angle θ of single-side oblique incidenceiThe focusing position of the electromagnetic wave with the maximum incidence angle is ensured to be received by the arc reflector 3, so that the electromagnetic wave can be reflected back to the incidence direction; the metal thin layer 1 and the reflector 3 are fixedly connected into a whole through a fixing device, the fixing device is a foam, plastic or thin rod metal support, the metal thin layer 1, the dielectric layer 2 and the reflector 3 are combined into a whole, uniform movement and uniform fixation are facilitated, the stable mutual position relationship among the metal thin layer 1, the dielectric layer 2 and the reflector 3 is ensured, and the focusing and reflection of electromagnetic waves are prevented from being influenced; the fixing device is made of foam and the like, so that the weight can be further reduced, the corner reflector is lighter and is more convenient to move.
In conclusion, the transmission amplitude and phase of the unit structure can be further increased by adopting a multi-layer ultrathin metal gradient structure design, the electromagnetic focusing device is insensitive to a large incident angle, wide-angle and high-efficiency electromagnetic focusing can be realized simultaneously, meanwhile, the arc-shaped curved surface reflector 3 is placed at a proper position behind the super-surface lens, the reflection of focusing fields with different angles can be realized, and due to the reciprocity of the super-surface structure, the energy of the focusing field can be reflected back to the incident direction, so that the wide-angle backscattering enhancement of the whole cascade structure can be realized, and the defects that the traditional corner reflector is large in size, heavy, difficult to design in a plane conformal manner, difficult to change along with the angle domain and frequency fixation and the like can be.
To verify the validity of the above theory, the following tests were carried out on the above corner reflectors:
the total thickness of the transmission type super surface focusing lens consisting of three metal thin layers 1 and two dielectric layers 2 is 12mm, the opening radian 2 alpha of the reflector 3 is 130 degrees, the radius is F, and the thickness is 1 mm.
Wherein the size of the resonant ring satisfies w1＝w21mm, 30 deg. and a period p arranged in x and y directionsx＝pyThe transmission phase is achieved by a change in the radius of the cell, with polarization in the y-direction, 11.5 mm. According to the above parameter design, the cell radius r is gradually reduced from 4.7mm to 3.5mm from the center to the outside, so that the large-scale change of the high transmission coefficient amplitude and the phase of the whole super-surface lens is realized to accord with the distribution of the expression, the transmission coefficient and the phase distribution under different radii change along with the change of the frequency as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the cell transmission coefficients of different radii are above 90% near the designed 11GHz frequency, and the phase change distribution meets the expression.
The wide-angle backscattering enhancement is realized through the super-surface lens and the arc-shaped reflecting surface, the result is shown as a dotted line in fig. 7 along with the change of the incident azimuth angle, the three-surface-angle structure with the same area is shown as a solid line in fig. 7, and the super-surface lens corner reflector in the design realizes the enhancement within 3dB amplitude within a wide angle of +/-30 degrees, which is more than +/-18 degrees of the traditional three-surface angle, and is more flat along with the angular domain distribution and equivalent in amplitude magnitude. Amplitude peak value, bandwidth and the like can be increased through further design, so that the advantage of developing a plane corner reflector through a transmission type phase-gradient super-surface structure is verified, and a foundation is laid for subsequent engineering application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A super-surface lens corner reflector, characterized by: including metal film (1), dielectric layer (2) and speculum (3), two-layer dielectric layer distributes respectively between three-layer metal film looks junction surface, metal film (1) and dielectric layer (2) are discoid, speculum (3) are central rotational symmetry's circular arc spherical shell, speculum (3) are located metal film (1) below, speculum (3) and bottommost metal film (1) interval are speculum (3) inner arc radius, speculum (3) opening end is towards metal film (1).
2. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 1, wherein: the metal thin layer (1) is composed of a plurality of thin layer units (11), and two resonance rings with double openings which are symmetrical up and down are arranged on the thin layer units (11).
3. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 2, wherein: the thin-layer units (11) are arranged to form a metal thin layer (1) through a transmission phase gradient structure, wherein the transmission phase distribution satisfies the following conditions:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a cell transmission phase representing the position of the lamellar cell (11) at the coordinates (i, j);
λ represents the wavelength of the incident wave;
f represents the radius of the inner circular arc of the reflector (3);
x (i) and y (j) represent the actual coordinate size of the lamellar unit (11) in the coordinate system (i, j).
4. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 3, wherein: the length of the thin layer unit (11) along the x direction is pxLength in y direction of pyX (i) and y (j) satisfy:
x(i)＝i*px；
y(j)＝j*pj。
5. the super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 1, wherein: the total thickness between the metal thin layer (1) and the dielectric layer (2) is less than 0.2 lambda.
6. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 1, wherein: the radian of the opening of the reflector (3) is more than or equal to the maximum single-side inclined-in working angle of the electromagnetic wave.
7. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 6, wherein: the position of the reflector (3) meets the condition that when the electromagnetic wave is vertically incident, the gradient phase-change distribution of the metal thin layer (1) is focused at the lowest depression of the reflector (3).
8. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 1, wherein: the metal thin layer (1) is made of metal materials, the dielectric layer (2) is made of transparent materials, and the reflector (3) is integrally formed by pressing thin-wall metal.
9. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 1, wherein: the metal thin layer (1) is fixedly connected with the reflector (3) through a fixing device.
10. The super-surface lens corner reflector according to claim 9, wherein: the fixing device is a foam, plastic or slender rod metal bracket.
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| CN114913842A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-16 | 浙江大学 | Difunctional acoustics plane superlens |
| CN114913842B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-03-24 | 浙江大学 | Difunctional acoustics plane superlens |
| CN116243285A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-09 | 江苏科技大学 | Multi-angle reflector with adjustable acoustic super surface |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |