CN111982900A - Experimental method for controlling cooling mode of wire thermal simulation sample - Google Patents
Experimental method for controlling cooling mode of wire thermal simulation sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982900A CN111982900A CN202010777266.2A CN202010777266A CN111982900A CN 111982900 A CN111982900 A CN 111982900A CN 202010777266 A CN202010777266 A CN 202010777266A CN 111982900 A CN111982900 A CN 111982900A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001073 sample cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental method for controlling a wire thermal simulation sample cooling mode, which comprises the following steps: 1) processing a sample; 2) welding 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample; 3) clamping the sample on a clamp, and connecting a thermocouple with a temperature measurement system; 4) setting the experimental mode and conditions: 5) carrying out a thermal simulation experiment, and recording temperature data of the sample in the heating and cooling processes; 6) and selecting a metal structure of the sample at the position with the depth of 1-1.5 mm on the inner side of the thermocouple for observation. The invention can carry out thermal simulation experiment on the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire, has simple and easy method, and meets the requirement of simulation experiment research on wire organization controlled cooling of production enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal simulation experiments, in particular to an experiment method for controlling a cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample.
Background
The thermal simulation experiment machine has wide application in material science research, can simulate the structure change characteristics of metal materials under different processing process conditions, and has important significance for revealing the structure change rule of the materials. In the thermal simulation experiment, a sample is heated under the clamping of a clamping head, and then the operations of heat preservation, deformation, cooling and the like are carried out, so that the sample obtains different tissue states.
In actual production, cooling after wire rod rolling is usually natural cooling or forced air cooling. The sample used for the thermal simulation experiment is small, the natural cooling speed is high under the clamping of the clamping head, the control of the sample cooling mode is generally realized by carrying out auxiliary heating on the sample, and the cooling characteristic of the sample in the natural cooling state is difficult to reveal by the mode. Therefore, a simple simulation experiment method needs to be developed on a thermal simulation experiment machine, so that the thermal simulation experiment can be researched on the natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod, and the thermal simulation experiment is closer to the actual situation of a production field.
Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201410229626.X discloses a method for detecting the tissue performance of a thermal simulation experiment material, and belongs to the field of material detection. The detection method is that in a thermal simulation experiment, a material is made into a length L0Diameter d0The cylindrical sample is placed in a thermal simulation experiment machine, the axial temperature gradient of the sample is controlled to obtain a length l in the middle0The uniform temperature zone is subjected to deformation control and cooling control, and the middle part of the sample after the experiment is in a drum shape; the tested sample can be made into detection samples of metallographic phase, stretching, impact and the like, so that the structure characteristics of the material under different process conditions can be observed, and the indexes of strength, hardness and plasticity and toughness can be detected. The technical scheme can solve the problem that the strength and the ductility and toughness of the material are difficult to measure after a thermal simulation experiment, and provides an accurate and reliable method for material research and hot working process formulation. However, this technical solution does not relate to a method of simulating natural cooling or forced cooling of a sample by air cooling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a wire thermal simulation sample, which can be used for carrying out a thermal simulation experiment on the natural cooling or forced air cooling of a wire.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental method for controlling a wire thermal simulation sample cooling mode comprises the following steps:
1) sample processing: polishing a plurality of samples which are processed into cylinders with different diameters by wire rods to enable the surfaces of the samples to present metal luster;
2) welding 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample;
3) clamping two ends of the sample on corresponding clamps, and connecting the signal output end of the thermocouple to a temperature measuring system;
4) setting the experimental mode and conditions:
4a) heating the sample at 900-1000 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 50-90 s;
4b) simulating natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod through samples with different diameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a sample with the diameter of 16-25 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 2-10 ℃/s; when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 11-20 ℃/s, selecting the sample with the diameter of 8-15 mm; selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be more than 21 ℃/s;
or through samples with different diameters, 2 cooling modes of the wire with or without a temperature-resisting platform are simulated; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the simulation cooling mode is that no anti-temperature platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm; when the simulated cooling mode is that a temperature reversal platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 14-25 mm;
5) carrying out a thermal simulation experiment, and recording temperature data of the sample in the heating and cooling processes;
5a) thermal simulation experiments without thermal compression: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
5b) thermal simulation experiments of thermal compression were performed: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, carrying out a thermal compression experiment, and controlling the deformation rate to be 5-20 s-1The deformation is 10% -30%; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
6) after the sample is cooled, selecting a metal structure which is positioned on the inner side of the thermocouple and has the depth of 1-1.5 mm for observation; grinding and polishing the sample to obtain a metallographic sample, corroding the metallographic sample by using a nitric acid alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% -5%, and carrying out metallographic observation under a metallographic microscope with the mass concentration of more than 500 times.
The length of the sample is 10-20 mm.
In the step 6), firstly, the sample after thermal simulation is inlaid, so that the thermocouple is positioned on the surface of the sample; and then grinding the sample subjected to thermal simulation inwards by 1-1.5 mm from the thermocouple position by using No. 80-150 sandpaper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method is simple and easy to implement, and meets the requirements of production enterprises on simulation experiment research on controlled cooling of wire organization;
2) by selecting samples with different diameters, simulation of different cooling speeds of the wire rod can be realized. And the simulation is closer to the actual situation of field production, the phenomena of phase change latent heat release and the like of the wire in the cooling process can be reflected more truly, and the simulation has obvious difference compared with the mode that the common thermal simulation sample adopts the electric heating compensation to control the temperature of the sample in the cooling process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of a thermal simulation test sample of a wire rod according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. sample 2, clamp 3, thermocouple 4, temperature measurement system
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
an experimental method for controlling a wire thermal simulation sample cooling mode comprises the following steps:
1) sample processing: polishing a plurality of samples which are processed into cylinders with different diameters by wire rods to enable the surfaces of the samples to present metal luster;
2) welding 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample;
3) as shown in fig. 1, two ends of a sample 1 are clamped on corresponding clamps 2, and a signal output end of a thermocouple 3 is connected to a temperature measuring system 4;
4) setting the experimental mode and conditions:
4a) heating the sample at 900-1000 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 50-90 s;
4b) simulating natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod through samples with different diameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a sample with the diameter of 16-25 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 2-10 ℃/s; when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 11-20 ℃/s, selecting the sample with the diameter of 8-15 mm; selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be more than 21 ℃/s;
or through samples with different diameters, 2 cooling modes of the wire with or without a temperature-resisting platform are simulated; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the simulation cooling mode is that no anti-temperature platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm; when the simulated cooling mode is that a temperature reversal platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 14-25 mm;
5) carrying out a thermal simulation experiment, and recording temperature data of the sample in the heating and cooling processes;
5a) thermal simulation experiments without thermal compression: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
5b) thermal simulation experiments of thermal compression were performed: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, carrying out a thermal compression experiment, and controlling the deformation rate to be 5-20 s-1The deformation is 10% -30%; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
6) after the sample is cooled, selecting a metal structure which is positioned on the inner side of the thermocouple and has the depth of 1-1.5 mm for observation; grinding and polishing the sample to obtain a metallographic sample, corroding the metallographic sample by using a nitric acid alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% -5%, and carrying out metallographic observation under a metallographic microscope with the mass concentration of more than 500 times.
The length of the sample is 10-20 mm.
In the step 6), firstly, the sample after thermal simulation is inlaid, so that the thermocouple is positioned on the surface of the sample; and then grinding the sample subjected to thermal simulation inwards by 1-1.5 mm from the thermocouple position by using No. 80-150 sandpaper.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
In this embodiment, an experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of the wire thermal simulation sample includes the following steps:
1) sample processing: a wire sample to be simulated was processed into cylinders of 15mm in length and different diameters. And polishing the processed sample to enable the surface of the sample to present metallic luster so as to weld the thermocouple. The phenomenon of corrosion and the like on the surface of the sample must be avoided, and the phenomenon that the temperature measurement is inaccurate or the thermocouple falls in a high-temperature region of the sample due to the infirm welding of the thermocouple is prevented.
2) 2 thermocouples are welded in the middle of the sample, whether the thermocouples are welded firmly or not is detected, and the phenomenon that the temperature of the sample is inaccurate is prevented.
3) Clamping two ends of the sample in 2 clamps at corresponding ends, connecting a cable of the thermocouple to a joint of a temperature measurement system, and checking whether the connection between the thermocouple and the temperature measurement system is correct to prevent the occurrence of invalid measurement data;
4) according to the actual situation of a production field, parameters such as heating temperature, cooling speed, cooling mode and the like of the sample are set, and the sample with the proper diameter is selected on the basis of the parameters so as to meet the requirement of simulation research on the change of the tissue state of the sample under the condition of a simulation field. The method comprises the following specific steps:
4a) setting the heating temperature of the sample to 900 ℃, and preserving the heat for 60 s;
4b) setting the cooling rate of the sample: the cooling rates of the samples were set as follows:
example 1: the cooling speed of the sample is 22 ℃/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 5mm, and the length of the selected sample is 15 mm;
example 2: the cooling speed of the sample is 15 ℃/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 8mm, and the length of the selected sample is 15 mm;
example 3: the cooling speed of the sample is 12 ℃/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 12mm, and the length of the selected sample is 15 mm;
example 4: the cooling speed of the sample is 6 ℃/s, the diameter of the selected sample is 18mm, and the length of the selected sample is 15 mm;
4c) determining the simulated cooling mode of the sample according to the diameter of the sample:
example 1: no anti-temperature plateau is present;
example 2-example 4: an anti-temperature platform is present;
the simulation cooling modes of the samples with different diameters are different, and based on the simulation cooling modes, if 2 experiments of simulation cooling modes including the existence of the anti-temperature platform and the absence of the anti-temperature platform are required, the simulation cooling modes can be realized by selecting the samples with different diameters.
5) Carrying out a thermal simulation experiment on the sample, and recording temperature data of the sample in the heating and cooling processes;
5a) thermal simulation experiments without thermal compression: heating the sample to 900 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60s to ensure that the sample is fully austenitized. And then, powering off to naturally cool the sample in a vacuum state, and realizing the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod through samples with different diameters.
5b) Thermal simulation experiments of thermal compression were performed: heating the sample to 900 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 60s to ensure that the sample is fully austenitized. Then carrying out a thermal compression experiment on the sample, wherein the deformation rate is 5-20 s-1The deformation is 10 to 30 percent; and then, powering off to naturally cool the sample in a vacuum state, and realizing the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod through samples with different diameters.
6) After the sample was cooled, a metal structure having a depth of 1.2mm below the thermocouple was selected and observed. Firstly, inlaying a sample subjected to thermal simulation to enable the thermocouple position to be on the surface of the sample. The thermally simulated coupon was then ground 1.2mm from the thermocouple site using a No. 80 sandpaper. The samples were ground with 500, 800, 1000 sandpaper in this order. And after polishing the sample, corroding the metallographic sample by using a 4% nitric acid alcohol solution, and observing under a metallographic microscope of 500 times.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An experimental method for controlling a wire thermal simulation sample cooling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sample processing: polishing a plurality of samples which are processed into cylinders with different diameters by wire rods to enable the surfaces of the samples to present metal luster;
2) welding 2 thermocouples in the middle of the sample;
3) clamping two ends of the sample on corresponding clamps, and connecting the signal output end of the thermocouple to a temperature measuring system;
4) setting the experimental mode and conditions:
4a) heating the sample at 900-1000 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 50-90 s;
4b) simulating natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod through samples with different diameters; the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a sample with the diameter of 16-25 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 2-10 ℃/s; when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be 11-20 ℃/s, selecting the sample with the diameter of 8-15 mm; selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm when the cooling speed of the sample is set to be more than 21 ℃/s;
or through samples with different diameters, 2 cooling modes of the wire with or without a temperature-resisting platform are simulated; the method specifically comprises the following steps: when the simulation cooling mode is that no anti-temperature platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 5-7 mm; when the simulated cooling mode is that a temperature reversal platform exists, selecting a sample with the diameter of 14-25 mm;
5) carrying out a thermal simulation experiment, and recording temperature data of the sample in the heating and cooling processes;
5a) thermal simulation experiments without thermal compression: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
5b) thermal simulation experiments of thermal compression were performed: heating the sample to 900-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 50-90 s to fully austenitize the sample; then, carrying out a thermal compression experiment, and controlling the deformation rate to be 5-20 s-1The deformation is 10% -30%; then, the power is cut off, so that the sample is naturally cooled in a vacuum state; the simulation of natural cooling or forced air cooling of the wire rod is realized through samples with different diameters;
6) after the sample is cooled, selecting a metal structure which is positioned on the inner side of the thermocouple and has the depth of 1-1.5 mm for observation; grinding and polishing the sample to obtain a metallographic sample, corroding the metallographic sample by using a nitric acid alcohol solution with the mass concentration of 3% -5%, and carrying out metallographic observation under a metallographic microscope with the mass concentration of more than 500 times.
2. The experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of the wire thermal simulation sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein the length of the sample is 10-20 mm.
3. The experimental method for controlling the cooling mode of the wire thermal simulation sample according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the sample after thermal simulation is firstly inlaid, so that the thermocouple is positioned on the surface of the sample; and then grinding the sample subjected to thermal simulation inwards by 1-1.5 mm from the thermocouple position by using No. 80-150 sandpaper.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113281118A (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2021-08-20 | 鞍钢集团北京研究院有限公司 | Steel sample continuous annealing simulation device and experimental method |
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