CN111980769A

CN111980769A - Low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and mobile equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111980769A
Application number: CN201910426875.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 翁志远
Original assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Baiside Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Hongyuan Baiside Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-21
Filing date: 2019-05-21
Publication date: 2020-11-24

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device, which comprise a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine and a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form a closed loop; the method is characterized in that low-temperature working media with the boiling point as low as-196 ℃ are used, hot air is reduced to cold air and sunlight heat energy to realize power generation, or environment-friendly fuels such as LNG and the like are combined to burn and heat the low-temperature power generation working media to drive a low-temperature working media supercritical gas turbine to efficiently do work and output mechanical energy, so that the power and energy of equipment such as automobiles, trains, ships and the like are solved; through continuous research and exploration for over twenty years, the applicant finally finds a high-efficiency, energy-consumption-free, low-cost and low-temperature working medium power generation and condensation technical method, and also finds a new sealing technology for solving the problem of shaft seal leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a gas turbine or an expansion machine.

Description

Low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and mobile equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature heat energy recycling and power generation by using a low-temperature meson as a working medium, in particular to a power system for low-temperature heat energy utilization and combustion power generation and new energy motor equipment.

Background

Most of the existing automobiles (ships) are fuel oil, and can be operated only by adding the fuel oil continuously, so that the automobile (ship) operates in a city with traffic congestion, the effective thermal efficiency is very low, and particularly in hot summer, the fuel oil consumption is aggravated by the investment of air conditioning equipment; resulting in the efficiency of fuel-powered vehicles becoming even lower. The engine has high noise, and the discharged tail gas pollutes the environment. With the shortage of fuel energy and the requirement of environmental protection in the international market in the future, the fuel vehicle will quickly exit the automobile manufacturing market and replace the fuel vehicle with an electric vehicle.

The electric automobile has the advantages of low noise, energy conservation, environmental protection, economy, quick acceleration, simple structure, convenient maintenance, easy maintenance and the like; but also has the problems of short endurance mileage, difficult charging, slow charging and the like. In addition, the power battery needs to be replaced in about 5 years, and the recovery of the power battery faces the difficulties of high recovery cost and difficult recovery technology.

The surface of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile meets the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection; however, the preparation and purification of hydrogen consumes huge energy, and the system efficiency is low; the hydrogen needs about 70MPa high pressure compression and also consumes energy, thereby further reducing the efficiency; the hydrogen storage and hydrogen transportation links and the use link have great loss, and the efficiency is further reduced; compared with a mature lithium battery, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has high storage cost, large transportation risk, and high investment on hydrogenation station infrastructure and the like; according to data published by the U.S. energy agency, the target life of a fuel cell system to reach is 5000 hours by 2020; the platinum metal is used as a catalyst in the power generation process of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the scarcity of the platinum metal causes high price, so that the larger the demand of the platinum metal is, the more scarcity and the higher the cost of the platinum metal are, if the hydrogen fuel cell is produced on a large scale in the future. And key parts such as a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, an ultrahigh-pressure air compressor, a hydrogen circulating pump and the like are arranged, so that the technical difficulty is high, an industrial chain is difficult to form, and the investment in the future is extremely large due to the construction of a large number of hydrogen refueling stations in the country.

In hot summer, particularly in countries near the equator such as africa, a large amount of heat energy is stored in hot air; how to effectively utilize the heat energy stored in the air or the seawater is the problem to be solved by the application.

In the traditional power generation technology, water is used as a power generation working medium, and a low-temperature organic Rankine cycle is adopted, wherein the power generation technology adopts an organic working medium with the boiling point temperature of about 15 ℃, so that the waste heat power generation can be carried out on hot water and steam with the temperature of more than 80 ℃ (even 60 ℃); the principle of the technology is basically the same as that of using water as a power generation working medium, and the organic working medium with the boiling point of about 15 ℃ and Rankine cycle power generation are adopted, so that the technology can generate power for hot water and steam with the temperature of 80 ℃ or even above 60 ℃.

The ultralow-temperature power generation is carried out by using a low-temperature power generation working medium with a standard atmospheric pressure boiling point lower than 0 ℃, the ultralow-temperature power generation is still in a research stage at home and abroad, and the biggest difficulty is that the low-temperature exhaust steam is reduced to the biggest pain point after a gas turbine or an expander works. In general, after the steam turbine works, the dead steam adopts a cooling tower to release the latent heat of the dead steam into cold air or cold water in the environment; however, the exhaust steam temperature of low-temperature power generation working media such as liquid nitrogen is far lower than the ambient temperature, and extremely low-temperature latent heat cannot be released to cold air or cold water in the environment under normal conditions, so that the waste steam cannot be condensed and subjected to Rankine cycle again. The cost of the heat pump to ambient temperature and release into the cold air or cold water is too high if the compressor is used to compress the exhaust steam or the heat pump is used to transfer the latent heat of the exhaust steam. The electric energy output by the power generation is possibly insufficient for the electric energy consumed by the compressor and the heat pump; therefore, there is basically no one who has done the research. Many people engaged in power generation technology and related researches learn and contact to use water as a power generation working medium, most people do not want low-temperature liquid working media, some people think that the low-temperature liquid working media cannot be realized, and some people think that the low-temperature liquid working media are 'perpetual motion machines', so that deep researches are not carried out.

According to the embodiment of the invention, lower-temperature power generation working media such as carbon dioxide with lower boiling point, liquid nitrogen, liquid air and the like are adopted, so that lower-temperature power generation by doing work can be realized; meanwhile, the cost of CO2, liquid air and liquid nitrogen is only hundreds of RMB per ton, and the cost is much lower than that of organic working media.

The embodiment provides that extremely low-temperature liquid working medium is adopted; for example, liquid nitrogen applies high pressure to a heat exchanger through a low-temperature liquid pump, the high pressure is fully exchanged heat with hot air or water in the environment, the liquid nitrogen absorbs the heat energy of the ambient air, the heat energy is rapidly gasified into high-pressure gas, the high-pressure gas is input and drives a gas turbine or an expander to rotate at a high speed to do work, and a generator is driven to rotate at a high speed to generate electricity and output electric energy; the temperature of the hot air will also drop rapidly to about 0 ℃ (even minus 30 ℃);

liquid nitrogen, liquid air and other polar low-temperature working media absorb air heat energy or solar heat energy and are gasified into high-pressure gas, a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expander is driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy, and the thermal energy stored in hot air or solar photo-heat is converted into electric energy to be output; the invention utilizes the temperature difference of reducing hot air into cold air in summer to generate power, combines environmental protection fuels such as solar energy, LNG and the like to burn and heat and perform high-efficiency power generation and work, and solves the problems of power and energy of motor equipment such as automobiles, trains, ships and the like; in order to solve the problems, the applicant continuously researches and explores for over twenty years, and finally finds a high-efficiency, energy-consumption-free and low-cost low-temperature working medium power generation and condensation technical method and a novel sealing technology for solving the problem of shaft seal leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a gas turbine or an expander. The steam turbine usually refers to a water vapor working medium, and because the low-temperature gas medium is adopted in the application and the water vapor is not contained in the working medium, the steam turbine is changed into a gas turbine, and other gas turbine equipment is the same and is not described in detail;

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device, which comprise a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expander and a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form a closed loop;

the temperature of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander is required to be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the working condition area of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander is always above the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;

the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine is connected with an exhaust steam heat regenerator, and extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump is used for condensing high-temperature exhaust steam which is exhausted by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine and has the temperature reaching the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium; only when the conditions are met, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander, the low-temperature working medium power generation system, the power system and the equipment can normally operate; therefore, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander cannot be researched and manufactured without determining the low-temperature working medium power generation system, the power system and the equipment. The low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander belongs to a high-pressure gas turbine machine, and comprises but is not limited to a gas turbine, a pneumatic engine, a gas turbine expander and a gas screw expander; the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander is made of low-temperature resistant materials.

The embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:

in a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device, including a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium turbine or expander, and a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form a closed loop;

the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator are combined to form heat exchanger equipment with high heat exchange efficiency; the exhaust steam heat regenerator is independently arranged or combined with the low-temperature working medium turbine or the expander;

furthermore, the main heat exchanger is a main device for exchanging heat with a heat source, is arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expansion machine, and comprises one or more of an air heat exchanger, a hot water heat exchanger, a device shell heat exchanger, a solar photo-thermal heat exchanger, a high-temperature heated pipe and a boiler;

furthermore, the temperature of the high-pressure gas input by the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander must be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander applies work by utilizing the enthalpy difference between high-pressure high-temperature gas working medium temperature energy input by a main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander and exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander and with the temperature reaching or slightly higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;

Furthermore, an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium turbine or the expander is connected with a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, so that the low-temperature liquid pump outputs extremely low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, and high-temperature exhaust steam discharged by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium turbine or the expander is condensed;

optionally, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards, or drives the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards;

in a second aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine that converts high-temperature and high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, which is also called a gas turbine, and the gas turbine includes, but is not limited to, a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, a gas screw expander, and a gas turbine expander; the structure of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment needs to meet the physical characteristics of density, components, temperature and pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium;

the low-temperature parts of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine need to be made of low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenite low-temperature steel and ferrite low-temperature steel.

The outside of the equipment of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is provided with a high-efficiency heat insulation material; including but not limited to foam, vacuum insulation, fibrous materials, glass wool, high silica wool.

Furthermore, the temperature of the high-pressure gas input by the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander must be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium;

the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine applies work by utilizing the temperature energy of a high-pressure high-temperature gas working medium input by a main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and the enthalpy difference between exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and the exhaust steam with the temperature reaching or approaching the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium; and driving the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards, or driving the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards.

In a third aspect, the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; condensing high-temperature exhaust steam which is output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline and reaches or approaches to the critical temperature by adopting extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump, condensing the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline into liquid, throttling, depressurizing and refrigerating by a throttle valve at the outlet of a high-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam regenerator, and returning the low-pressure low-temperature condensed liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby;

The physical properties of each low-temperature working medium are different, and the cost and the efficiency of equipment are also different, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump condenses the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, and the high-temperature exhaust steam is subjected to sufficient heat exchange by an exhaust steam heat regenerator; liquid, gas-liquid mixture or gas can be presented; if the high-pressure liquid is completely high-pressure liquid, a throttle valve is adopted, after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration, low-pressure and low-temperature condensed liquid is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; preferably, the expander (or the turbine) can also be used for recovering the pressure energy in the high-pressure fluid and realizing cryogenic cooling at lower temperature for the high-pressure fluid;

it is worth noting that different manufacturers of expanders have different processes and different requirements, high-pressure liquid has large impact on the impeller of the expander and is limited by the processes and materials, and some manufacturers require that the input of the expander is gas, and some manufacturers can bring a small part of liquid, even all the liquid input of the expanders of the manufacturers; for high pressure liquids, it is also possible to use a turbine, which is defined as an expander impeller device, i.e. the turbine is an expander;

The exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is high pressure; the high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam is condensed into high-pressure low-temperature fluid by fully exchanging heat with extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump; the turbine (namely an expander) at the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is driven to do work, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy; the expansion machine consumes the internal energy of the high-pressure low-temperature fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and realizes deeper refrigeration while doing work outwards; returning low-pressure low-temperature liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for later use; the technology is generally applied to the fields of air separation and cryogenic cooling, the cryogenic cooling in the air separation is realized by a compressor, the technology depends on the high pressure discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, and the high pressure mode are completely different;

further, the outlet position of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator is provided; the two devices have the functions of throttling, pressure reducing and refrigerating; the throttle valve has simple structure and low cost, but can not do work and deeply cool, and is suitable for small-sized power generation equipment; the expansion machine can realize the functions of throttling and pressure reducing; the inlet of the expansion machine is high pressure, the outlet of the expansion machine is low pressure, the expansion machine can consume the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and can realize deeper refrigeration while externally doing work to generate electricity; returning the lower-temperature condensed liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; preferably, the throttle valve and the expander are adopted simultaneously, and the two devices are connected in parallel; because the expander can utilize pressure to do work and realize deeper refrigeration, the exhaust steam pressure does not reach the critical pressure, but a certain pressure is needed, and the expander can normally work, the embodiment of the invention comprises a range which is lower than the critical pressure or reaches or is higher than the critical pressure;

Further, a gas-liquid separator is arranged between the throttle valve inlet and the expander inlet; the liquid density is high, the gas density is low, the gas-liquid separator is a simpler gravity gas-liquid separator, and the liquid output by the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the throttle valve inlet; the high-pressure gas output by the gas-liquid separator is input and drives the expansion machine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy; and consuming the deep cooling of the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid while doing work, and returning the low-temperature low-pressure liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby.

In a fourth aspect, the low-temperature liquid storage tank according to the embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a cooling device, where the cooling device includes the low-temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, and a second throttle valve or a second expander, which are connected in sequence; the compressor is arranged independently or is coaxially connected with the expander; or the shaft of the expander and the shaft of the compressor which are coaxially connected with a set of electric and power generation integrated machine; when the compressor is started or the compression power of the compressor is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is characterized in that the compressor is driven by the output power of the motor; when the expansion output is larger than the requirement of the compressor, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is represented as a generator to convert the mechanical energy output by expansion into electric energy for output;

Further, the compressor and the expander are coaxially connected into a whole device; the expander rotates at a high speed to drive the compressor which is coaxially connected to rotate at a high speed; the compressor absorbs and compresses low-temperature gas evaporated from a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and heat energy generated by the compressor compressing the gas is released into a low-temperature working medium at the inlet of the expander through a condenser arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam heat regenerator and the expander, so that fluid input by the expander becomes all gas or most of the gas;

the low-temperature gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank carries a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, is collected by the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank and conveyed to the compressor by a pipeline, is compressed by the compressor and condensed into liquid by the condenser, and returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for later use after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration by the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine; the circulation is carried out continuously, the gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid storage tank is compressed continuously and is condensed and reduced into low-temperature liquid; and continuously reducing the temperature of the liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank, so that the low-temperature power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is always kept in a low-temperature liquid state.

In a fifth aspect, in the embodiment of the invention, a solar photo-thermal system or a combustion system is further included; the solar photo-thermal system comprises a solar light-gathering system and the main heat exchanger;

the combustion system consists of a fuel storage, a controller and a boiler which are sequentially communicated; the boiler consists of a burner and the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline;

the fuel in the fuel storage is regulated and controlled by the controller and then is conveyed to the boiler to be combusted, and the generated high-temperature heat energy heats the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or the boiler pipeline; the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline or the boiler pipeline is heated to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards;

the fuel stored in the fuel storage comprises any one or more of natural gas, gasoline, diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, biological fuel and nuclear fuel;

the system comprises a low-temperature liquid fuel storage, a heat exchanger, a controller and a boiler, wherein the low-temperature liquid fuel storage, the heat exchanger, the controller and the boiler are sequentially connected; the heat exchanger is arranged between the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine and the low-temperature working medium storage, or is independently arranged to absorb the heat energy of the air in the environment; the cryogenic liquid fuel includes, but is not limited to, LNG liquid, liquid hydrogen;

The low-temperature liquid fuel stored in the low-temperature liquid fuel storage is conveyed to the heat exchanger through a pipeline to absorb the heat energy of the air in the environment and then is gasified to form combustible gas; or exchanging heat with high-temperature exhaust steam in the exhaust steam pipeline to condense the high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam into liquid to return to the low-temperature liquid storage tank; meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid fuel absorbs the heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine exhaust pipeline and then is gasified into combustible gas, the combustible gas is conveyed to the boiler to be combusted after being adjusted and controlled by the controller, the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline of the boiler is heated, the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature pipeline absorbs the high-temperature heat energy generated by the combustion of the combustible gas to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives the generator to;

further, the high-temperature main heat exchanger or the boiler is wrapped with a low-temperature main heat exchanger, the low-temperature main heat exchanger fully absorbs heat energy generated by combustion of combustible gas in the boiler, and the heat energy generated by combustion of the combustible gas is fully utilized to do work and generate electricity;

Furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger also exchanges heat with other heating equipment, so that the heat energy of other heating equipment is fully absorbed, and meanwhile, the other heating equipment is cooled;

furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger exchanges heat with mesons such as hot air in the environment or hot water in the environment, the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium is used for absorbing heat energy in the environment to do work, and the power generation efficiency and the power generation output of the system are further improved.

In a sixth aspect, in an embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic liquid storage tank is a pressure vessel for cryogenic liquid storage, which has safety valve protection measures and good thermal insulation performance; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure; the low-temperature liquid working medium comprises any one or a combination of more than one of carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, liquid nitrogen, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen and liquid helium;

the low-temperature liquid storage tank is excellent in heat insulation performance, external heat energy is prevented from entering the low-temperature liquid storage tank due to the fact that vacuum heat insulation is damaged or the shelf time is long, and a pressure protection device is arranged on a shell of the low-temperature liquid storage tank. When extremely low-temperature liquid absorbs heat and is gasified, the pressure is released through the pressure protection device, and the allowable pressure of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is not exceeded, so that the equipment is very safe and reliable. Meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid is gasified to absorb a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid working medium can be rapidly reduced after the latent heat of vaporization is released, so that the arrangement is safer.

The system comprises a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a steam exhaust heat regenerator, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander, a throttle valve or expander, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttle valve or second expander and a low-temperature liquid fuel storage; the low-temperature components and the corresponding connecting pipelines are low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenite low-temperature steel and ferrite low-temperature steel;

the low-temperature equipment and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, and comprises vacuum thermal insulation, aerogel, foam materials, fiber materials, glass wool and high-silicon cotton;

the low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature component and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, and comprises vacuum thermal insulation, aerogel, foam materials, fiber materials, glass wool and high-silicon cotton;

the low-temperature equipment is characterized by also comprising a cold box, wherein the cold box is made of a high-heat-insulation material, and the low-temperature equipment is placed in the cold box; the cold box is also provided with an isolation; the cold box is insulated from the external environment by a highly insulated enclosure, and the insulation is again insulated and isolated from the cryogenic equipment at different temperatures.

In a seventh aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine that converts high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, which is also called a gas turbine, and the gas turbine further includes, but is not limited to, a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, an expander, a gas screw expander, and a gas turbine expander; further, the gas turbine described above uses low temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenitic low temperature steel, ferritic low temperature steel;

the traditional gas turbine adopts steam as a working medium, high-pressure steam passes through a nozzle to drive a turbine impeller and a rotor to rotate at a high speed, gases such as high-pressure carbon dioxide, high-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure air and the like blow the turbine rotor impeller through the nozzle, and the turbine rotor can also be driven to rotate, and the turbine nozzle and the turbine impeller do not distinguish whether the input is the high-pressure steam, the high-pressure carbon dioxide, the high-pressure air or the high-pressure nitrogen; the impeller of the gas turbine is rotated as long as it is driven by high-pressure fluid; the gas turbine mechanical equipment such as a pneumatic machine, a gas turbine expander, a single-screw expander, a double-screw expander and the like is the same, and as long as high-pressure gas is input, the rotor of the gas turbine or the expander rotates at high speed regardless of the gas of the medium.

The traditional existing pneumatic machine, single-screw expander, double-screw expander, gas turbine expander and other equipment are slightly different from a steam turbine in the body structure, but all belong to gas turbine equipment, and basically all belong to small-sized gas turbines (only the steam turbine can be large or small, and the application is the most extensive), but all traditional equipment are generally applied to normal-temperature working media, such as normal-temperature high-pressure air, medium-temperature high-temperature water vapor or organic power generation working media of organic Rankine cycle, but the application in the low-temperature field is generally not considered. The low temperature and the normal temperature are different, and some normal temperature or high temperature steel is only suitable for the normal temperature and high temperature fields, but after the steel is applied to the low temperature field, the possibility of becoming brittle or even cracking can occur, which is absolutely not allowable in the practical application situation; low temperature resistant materials must be selected to solve this problem, including but not limited to austenitic low temperature steels, ferritic low temperature steels.

In addition, the tail part of the original equipment of the traditional gas turbine equipment needs to be completely removed by the gas turbine or the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander, and only the part above the critical temperature of the power generation working medium is reserved; the temperature and the pressure of high-pressure gas input by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment are both required to be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the dead steam discharged from the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;

Furthermore, an exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine equipment is connected with an inlet of a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, so that the low-temperature liquid pump is used for delivering extremely low-temperature liquid to a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator to condense high-temperature exhaust steam which is exhausted by the exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine equipment and has the temperature reaching or approaching the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;

the temperature of the dead steam discharged from the output end of the gas turbine equipment or the expander reaches or is close to the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium, for the embodiment of the invention, the modification method is the same as that of the gas turbine, the equipment volume is smaller, and the driving is strong; the gas turbine can be large or small, the universality is higher, the technology is mature, the cost is lower, and the number of other gas turbine devices in the market is less, so that the embodiment of the invention mainly describes the gas turbine, and other devices are the same and are not repeated.

The gas turbine expander, the pneumatic machine and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belong to gas turbine machinery, and only the structure of an equipment body is slightly different; in the embodiment of the invention, the input end, the output end, the pipeline connecting method, the using method and the parameters of the low-temperature working medium supercritical expander and the pneumatic machine are the same as those of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, so that the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine also belongs to the scope provided by the embodiment of the invention;

In an eighth aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a shaft seal system using a highly sealed structure of a cylinder of a gas turbine or an expander, where the gas turbine or the expander is composed of a stationary part and a rotating part; the gas turbine or the expander cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system; the input end shaft seal system of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline; the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a supporting bearing and a thrust bearing;

furthermore, a heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in a lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the gas turbine or the expander; said input end bearing and bearing housing mounted in said lower insulated housing within said turbine or expander lower cylinder;

further, the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, the flanges are fastened with bolts, and a closed heat insulation space is formed by the inner cavities of the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing, the bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in a heat insulation space formed by the heat insulation shell;

Furthermore, the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft, a heat insulation shell seal is further arranged, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.

Preferably, a shaft seal is further arranged between the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander and the heat insulation shell at the input end; preferably, an input end reserved space or a pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the main steam pipeline, the input end reserved space or the pipeline is arranged in the lower cylinder, lubricating oil leaked from the sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked dirty lubricating oil is discharged through the first pipeline valve.

Further, the output end of the gas turbine or the expander comprises a gas exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine or the expander, an output end cylinder body, an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupling and a generator; the output end bearing, the bearing seat, the coupling and the generator of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander are all hidden and arranged inside an output end cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander; the position of a generator for installing the cylinder body at the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander is improved, so that the generator is suitable for installing generator equipment;

Preferably, the input end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander and the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander are hidden in the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander, and the high tightness of the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander is utilized to perform shaft sealing at two ends of the rotating shaft, so that the low-temperature working medium is prevented from leaking from the shaft sealing at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander.

Preferably, the upper heat-insulating shell and the lower heat-insulating shell of the heat-insulating shell are fastened through the flange and the bolt, a closed heat-insulating space is formed inside the upper heat-insulating shell, and a lubricating oil injection hole is formed in the top of the upper heat-insulating shell, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat-insulating space of the bearing and the bearing seat;

preferably, the heat insulation shell further comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline; clean and constant-temperature lubricating oil is provided for the bearing and the bearing seat; high-temperature and dirty lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell is output through a lubricating oil output pipeline, conveyed to a lubricating oil filter and a lubricating oil cooler for cooling, pressurized by a lubricating oil pump and conveyed to the bearing to form circulation;

Further, the lubricant filter, the lubricant cooler, and the lubricant pump are disposed outside the cylinder of the gas turbine or the expander; or the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged inside a cylinder body of the gas turbine or the expansion machine, and when the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged inside the cylinder body, a heat exchange pipeline is required to exchange heat with the outside so as to ensure the temperature of lubricating oil to be constant;

furthermore, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe inside the cylinder body of the gas turbine or the expander are arranged outside or inside the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander; the probe detects and interlocks the safety of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander at any time.

It is worth noting that for the low-temperature power generation working medium with higher cost, the leakage of the power generation working medium at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander device not only reduces the power generation efficiency and the leakage cost, but also has great trouble in the supplement of the low-temperature liquid working medium. In order to solve the problem of leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device, the applicant finds through years of research that the problem of leakage at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander device can be thoroughly solved by hiding the input end and the output end of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device into a cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device and using the high tightness (up to nearly 100 percent of sealing) of the cylinder body. In addition, for other rotary mechanical equipment, the high-pressure fluid input end and the high-pressure fluid output end can also adopt the same sealing technology and method as the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment, so that the near-zero leakage of the shaft seal system of the equipment is realized and achieved; these also fall within the technical scope provided by the embodiments of the present invention.

In a ninth aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy to the outside, and/or drives the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy to the outside; the generator outputs electric energy at high-speed rotation and is connected to a power supply control system; the power supply control system is connected with a driving motor; the power supply control system is also connected with energy storage equipment, and the energy storage equipment comprises but is not limited to a super capacitor energy storage system and/or a battery energy storage system;

in hot summer, the low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile equipment absorb ambient hot air and solar photo-thermal power generation through low-temperature liquid nitrogen on one hand, and in addition, the system heats the main heat exchanger through fuel carried by combustion equipment to enable the system to continue to apply work and generate power; meanwhile, the system and the equipment are also provided with a power supply control system and energy storage equipment, and the regulation and control of the system on the rotating speed of the motor are met by storing and releasing electric energy through the electric energy of the energy storage equipment;

for large-scale mobile equipment such as ships, preferably, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander rotates at a high speed and directly outputs mechanical energy to the outside; the generator is driven at the same time, the output electric energy is provided for trains and ships to use and is connected with the energy storage equipment, and the electric energy is provided for the super capacitor energy storage system and/or the battery energy storage system, so that sufficient electric energy and electric energy storage can be provided for the low-temperature liquid pump and the compressor motor when the trains and ships are started next time; various electric energy requirements of large-scale equipment such as trains, ships and the like are ensured; the low-temperature working medium power generation system, the power system and the equipment have high effective heat efficiency, and the endurance of trains and ships can be increased.

In a tenth aspect, embodiments of the present invention are to better explain the low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile device, and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander, which have practicability, novelty and creativity, and also to facilitate better understanding, embodiments of the present invention further provide a process of the low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile device; as recited in claim 10;

the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the embodiment of the invention provides a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device, which comprise a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium turbine or expander and a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form a closed loop;

according to the invention, the exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline is increased to reach the critical temperature, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump can be condensed, and the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium gas turbine is cooled by the extremely low-temperature liquid; the temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the gas turbine is increased, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump is realized, and the high-temperature exhaust steam discharged by the gas turbine is condensed into liquid;

Compared with the traditional steam turbine equipment, the low-temperature working medium steam turbine or expander has the advantages that the volume is reduced, the flutter and fracture probability caused by overlong traditional steam turbine blades is reduced, the faults are reduced, the reliability of the steam turbine equipment is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the steam turbine can be reduced; a low-temperature working medium power generation system, a power system and equipment are realized through the synergistic effect of gas turbine equipment, a steam exhaust heat regenerator, a low-temperature liquid pump and the like.

Drawings

To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive efforts; this is easily done;

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of basic system connection of a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system with an expander device and a motorized device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a cryogenic working medium supercritical power system and a motorized device with an expander device and a combustion system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a cryogenic working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device with an expander and a coaxial compressor device and a combustion system provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a low temperature nitrogen conventional turbine with bearings outside the cylinder, the turbine having exhaust steam temperature as low as the normal boiling point of nitrogen (-196 deg.C) for reference and comparison;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine with the tail section of a conventional turbine "cut off" and the exhaust steam temperature at the output end reaching the critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 deg.C);

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas turbine apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which an input end bearing, an output end bearing, and a generator are disposed in a cylinder of the gas turbine apparatus;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature working medium gas turbine in which an input end bearing, an output end bearing and a generator of a gas turbine device are all placed in a gas turbine cylinder body, and the exhaust steam temperature of the output end reaches the critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 ℃);

Power generation system part icon:

1-a cryogenic liquid storage tank; 2-a cryogenic liquid pump; 3-a dead steam regenerator; 301-low temperature pipeline of exhaust steam heat regenerator; 302-high temperature pipeline of exhaust steam regenerator; 4-a primary heat exchanger; 401 — low temperature main heat exchanger; 402-high temperature main heat exchanger or boiler; 5-low temperature working medium gas turbine; 6-a generator; 600-a power supply control system; 601-an electric motor; 602-an energy storage device; 7-a throttle valve; 77-an expander; 78-coaxial compressor; 8-a generator; 9-a condenser; 10-a second throttle or second expander; 900-cryogenic liquid fuel storage; 901-a controller; 903-heat exchanger low temperature pipeline;

low temperature working medium gas turbine part icon:

(other related high-pressure gas turbine equipment is slightly different from the turbine equipment in terms of equipment body, and the characteristics of the embodiment of the invention are changed in the same way, so that redundant description is not repeated): 20-turbine main steam line; 21-gas turbine exhaust duct; 101-a gas turbine shaft; 102-an insulating shell; 103-input end bearing and bearing seat; 104-a shaft seal; 105-a gas turbine equipment cylinder; 106-rotor impeller; 107-gas turbine diaphragm; 108-output shaft seal; 9-an output end heat insulation shell; 10-output end bearing and bearing seat; 11-a coupling; 12-a generator; 13-a third pipeline valve; 14-a third conduit outlet; 15-a second conduit outlet; 16-a second pipeline valve; 17-reserving space or pipeline at the output end; 18-reserving a heat insulation area at the output end; 19-reserving a heat insulation area at an input end; 22-insulating shell sealing; 23-reserving space or pipeline at the input end; 24-a first pipeline valve; 25-a first conduit outlet; 26-a lubricant output conduit; 27-a lubricating oil reservoir; 28-lube oil filter; 29-a lube oil cooler; 30-a lubricating oil pump; 31-a lubricating oil high pressure input pipeline; 32-output end heat insulation shell sealing;

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and can be, for example, directly connected, indirectly connected through intervening media, or interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

in fig. 1, a power generation working medium stored in a low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is liquid nitrogen or liquid air (below-196 ℃), the pressure is increased by a low-temperature liquid pump 2, the power generation working medium flows through a low-temperature pipeline 301 of an exhaust steam heat regenerator and is conveyed into a main heat exchanger 4 (such as a hot 30 ℃ air heat exchanger), the temperature is increased to be above 0 ℃ after heat exchange, and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen power generation working medium absorbs heat to form high-pressure gas to drive a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expander 5 to rotate at a high speed; outputting mechanical energy or driving the generator 6 to rotate at high speed to output electric energy; the temperature of the dead steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander 5 reaches the critical temperature (about-147 ℃ and latent heat 0) of nitrogen, the high-temperature dead steam with the temperature of above-147 ℃ is condensed into liquid nitrogen with the temperature of below-196 ℃ by liquid nitrogen with the output of the low-temperature liquid pump 2, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is below-193 ℃, the metal wall has heat exchange temperature difference of above 0.5 ℃, and the liquid nitrogen with low temperature and low pressure is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 for standby after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration by the throttle valve 7;

liquid nitrogen in a low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is pressurized into the low-temperature pipeline 301 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator through a low-temperature liquid pump 2, the high-temperature exhaust steam heat energy with the critical temperature (about-147 ℃) output by the low-temperature working medium turbine or expander 5 to the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is absorbed, the liquid nitrogen temperature is raised to be close to the critical temperature (about-148 ℃ and has the metal wall heat exchange temperature difference of more than 0.5 ℃), the liquid nitrogen is output into the main heat exchanger 4 from the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline 301 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator to exchange heat with hot air or hot water with about 30 ℃, the extremely low-temperature (about-148 ℃) nitrogen working medium is re-exchanged heat to be more than 0 ℃ or exchanged heat with a solar photo-thermal system or a boiler combustion system, the temperature reaches more than 200 ℃ to become high-pressure nitrogen or air, and the low-temperature working medium turbine or expander 5 is driven, mechanical energy is output or the generator 6 is driven to generate electricity, circulation is formed, and electricity is continuously generated and output.

The generator 6 outputs electric energy at high-speed rotation and is connected to a power supply control system 600; the power supply control system 600 is connected with a driving motor 601; the power control system 600 is further connected with an energy storage device 602, where the energy storage device 602 includes, but is not limited to, a super capacitor energy storage system and/or a battery energy storage system;

fig. 2 is the only difference from fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the throttle valve 7 is replaced with an expander 77, and the expander 77 can use high-pressure fluid of about 1Mpa and pressure energy to do work (the steam exhaust pressure can be higher according to the requirement); high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine 5; the high-pressure fluid is conveyed to an expander 77, the fluid at the inlet of the expander 77 is high-pressure, the fluid at the outlet of the expander 77 is low-pressure, and liquid nitrogen with low pressure and low temperature is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 by throttling, pressure reduction and work application of the expander 77; because of the huge pressure difference between the input end and the output end of the expansion machine 77, the expansion machine 77 is driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy; the expander rotates at a high speed to do work outwards, so that the internal energy of the low-temperature working medium fluid is consumed, and the temperature of the low-temperature working medium fluid returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is lower; the temperature of the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 can be cooled more favorably, and the lower-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2 condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam in the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam can be condensed more favorably; meanwhile, the expansion machine 7 rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy;

FIG. 3 is a view based on FIG. 2, with the addition of a combustion system; the combustion system consists of a fuel storage 900, a controller 901 and a boiler which are sequentially communicated; the boiler is comprised of a burner and the high temperature main heat exchanger conduit 402; the fuel in the fuel storage 900 is adjusted and controlled by the controller 901, and then is delivered to the burner of the boiler 402 for burning, and the generated high-temperature heat energy heats the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipe 402; the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline 402 is heated at high temperature to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine 5 to rotate at high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives the generator 6 to rotate at high speed to output electric energy outwards;

the fuel stored in the fuel storage 900 includes but is not limited to any one or more of natural gas, gasoline, diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, bio-fuel, and nuclear fuel; if cryogenic LNG at minus 162 ℃ is stored in the cryogenic liquid fuel storage 900; the LNG is adjusted and controlled by a controller 901, enters a low-temperature pipeline 903 of the heat exchanger, absorbs the heat energy of the environment or the heat energy of high-temperature exhaust steam, is gasified to form natural gas, and enters a boiler for combustion;

Preferably, the solar heat collector further comprises a solar photo-thermal system, wherein the solar photo-thermal system comprises a solar light-gathering system and the high-temperature main heat exchanger 402; driving the device with solar energy;

FIG. 4 is a view based on FIG. 3, wherein the expander 77 rotates at a high speed, driving the coaxially connected compressor 78 to rotate at a high speed; the pipeline inlet of the compressor 78 is communicated with the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, gas evaporated in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is collected and compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gas, the high-pressure high-temperature gas is conveyed to the condenser 9 to be condensed into liquid, and after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration are carried out through the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine 10, low-pressure low-temperature liquid nitrogen is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, and the low-pressure low-temperature liquid nitrogen is continuously circulated in such a way to continuously cool the low-temperature liquid in;

the condenser 9 is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam regenerator and the inlet of the expander 77, and inputs high-temperature energy generated by gas compressed by the compressor 78 and drives the expander 77 to rotate at a high speed, so as to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy; preferably, the generator 8 is an electric and power generation integrated machine; when the compressor 78 is started or the power is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine 8 drives the compressor 78 through the output power of the motor; when the output of the expansion 77 is larger than the requirement of the compressor 78, the electric power generation all-in-one machine 8 acts as a generator, and the mechanical energy output by the expansion is converted into electric energy to be output.

as shown in fig. 5, in a conventional gas turbine plant, bearings at both ends of a gas turbine shaft 101, including an input end bearing and bearing housing 103, an output end bearing and bearing housing 10, a coupling 11 and a generator 12, are generally disposed outside a cylinder 105 of the gas turbine plant; shaft end sealing at two ends of a rotating shaft 101 of the gas turbine is realized by an input end shaft seal 104 and an output end shaft seal 108, and the traditional shaft seals comprise a tooth-shaped steam seal, a Braiden steam seal, a honeycomb steam seal, a brush steam seal, a flexible tooth steam seal and an elastic tooth steam seal; the leakage problem of the gas turbine still exists although the gas turbine is provided with a shaft seal, and the leakage amount of the gas seal of the existing large-scale gas turbine can reach more than 10 tons per hour. The leakage amount is also large, especially the low-temperature liquid working medium with high cost, and the shaft end steam seal leakage is very painful.

In the low-temperature nitrogen working medium gas turbine of the traditional Rankine cycle shown in the figure 5, the temperature of input gas of a main steam pipeline 20 of the gas turbine is more than 0 ℃, the gas does work in gas turbine equipment, the temperature is continuously reduced, when the temperature is reduced to a-147 ℃ critical temperature position (latent heat is 0) marked in the figure 5, when the temperature of the gas is lower than the critical temperature of the nitrogen, latent heat begins to exist in dead steam, and the latent heat stored in the nitrogen is increased along with the reduction of the temperature of the dead steam, the temperature of an exhaust pipeline 21 of the gas turbine is reduced to-196 ℃ boiling point temperature of the nitrogen, the latent heat reaches 199kj/kg, and because the temperature of the dead steam is very low, the huge low-grade latent heat energy is difficult to be released, the Rankine cycle is difficult to perform, and the main reason that low-temperature working medium power generation is difficult to realize.

the turbine input end, the front half part and the output end of the turbine body are the same as those of the traditional turbine, but the last-stage blades and the next-stage blades of the turbine are completely cut off, the temperature of exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline reaches or is slightly higher than the critical temperature of nitrogen (about-147 ℃), and the volume of the turbine equipment is also greatly reduced;

in fig. 6, the main steam pipeline 20 of the turbine still inputs (above 0 ℃) high-pressure nitrogen, the high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen energy is converted into mechanical energy rotating at high speed through the turbine body, the high-pressure nitrogen continuously acts in the turbine, the temperature and the pressure are also continuously reduced, when the temperature of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine is reduced to the critical temperature point marked by (-147 ℃) in fig. 6, the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine directly discharges (-147 ℃) high-temperature dead steam from an exhaust pipeline, latent heat is 0, the dead steam is transmitted to the inlet of the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the dead steam regenerator 3 in fig. 1 and exchanges heat with extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2, and the high-temperature dead steam discharged by the turbine is condensed by the extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2.

in order to solve the problem of leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a gas turbine device, the applicant discovers through research in recent 20 years that the problem of leakage at two ends of the rotating shaft of the gas turbine device is solved by hiding an input end and an output end of the gas turbine into a cylinder body of the gas turbine and using a highly-closed structure (up to 100% sealing) of the cylinder body of the gas turbine;

as shown in fig. 7, the high pressure inlet 20 and the top line a to the left are intended to mean the input of the turbine installation; between the main steam pipeline 20 and the exhaust steam pipeline 21 is the turbine equipment body, as shown in the middle part B between the line A and the line C; the steam exhaust pipeline 21 and the top line C to the right are the output end of the gas turbine equipment;

in the turbine shown in FIG. 7, the insulated casing 102 is divided into an upper insulated casing and a lower insulated casing (the lower insulated casing of the turbine is shown in FIG. 7); the lower heat insulation shell is arranged at the position of an end bearing of the rotating shaft 101 of the gas turbine, is arranged in the lower cylinder body and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder body of the gas turbine cylinder body 105; the input end bearing and the bearing seat 103 are arranged in the lower heat insulation shell of the heat insulation shell 102, support the weight of the turbine rotating shaft 101, and limit the axial movement of the turbine rotating shaft 101 by a thrust bearing; the contact position of the heat insulation shell 102 and the turbine rotating shaft 101 is provided with a heat insulation shell seal 22, and the heat insulation shell seal 22 prevents the bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell 102 from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal 22;

Optionally, a shaft seal 104 is further arranged between the high-pressure gas inlet 20 and the input end, and optionally, an input end reserved heat insulation area 19 is further arranged between the shaft seal 104 and the heat insulation housing 102, so as to isolate and reduce high temperature input by the high-pressure main steam pipeline 20, and influence the heat insulation housing 102 and the input end bearing and bearing seat 103 therein. Also shaft seal 104 and insulated housing seal 22; two heat insulation shell seals 22 can be arranged, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas input by the main steam pipeline 20 can hardly enter the heat insulation shell seals, and meanwhile, lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell 102 can be prevented from being leaked out difficultly;

optionally, an input end reserved space or pipeline 23 is further provided between the insulation shell seal 22 and the input end reserved insulation area 19, the input end reserved space or pipeline 23 is isolated, and meanwhile, lubricating oil leaked from the insulation shell seal 22 is stored and discharged through a first pipeline valve 24 and a first pipeline outlet 25;

Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, a lubricant oil output pipeline 26, a lubricant oil storage 27, a lubricant oil filter 28, a lubricant oil cooler 29, a lubricant oil pump 30 and a lubricant oil high-pressure input pipeline 31 are further arranged outside the heat insulation shell 102 and the lower cylinder 105, and sufficient, clean and low-temperature (controllable temperature) lubricant oil is delivered into the heat insulation shell 102 through the lubricant oil high-pressure input pipeline 31 and is provided for the input-end bearing and bearing seat 103, so that sufficient, clean and low-temperature lubricant oil is guaranteed; ensuring safe and stable operation of the input end bearing and bearing housing 103.

The lubricant reservoir 27, lubricant filter 28, lubricant cooler 29, which may be combined, then deliver lubricant to the bearings and bearing blocks 103 within the insulated housing 102 via lubricant pump 30 and lubricant high pressure input line 31;

the lube oil filter 28, lube oil cooler 29, and lube oil pump 30 may be provided outside the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine apparatus; the lubricating oil cooler 29 can be arranged inside the cylinder body of the gas turbine, when the lubricating oil cooler 29 is arranged inside the cylinder body, a pipeline is arranged in the lubricating oil cooler 29 to be communicated with the outside, the heat of the lubricating oil in the cylinder body is transferred to the outside of the cylinder body through the medium flowing in the pipeline, and the lubricating oil returns to the inside of the cylinder body after being cooled by the heat exchanger.

Preferably, both the input end and the output end of the gas turbine are placed inside the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine equipment, and the shaft end of the gas turbine rotating shaft 101 is sealed by the highly airtight structure (nearly 100% sealing) of the gas turbine cylinder, so as to avoid the leakage of high-pressure gas from the shaft seals at both ends of the gas turbine rotating shaft 101. The output end of the gas turbine comprises the following embodiments: an output end bearing and bearing housing 10 disposed at a location remote from the output end shaft seal 108; preferably, the output end is reserved with a heat insulation area 18; the bearing and the bearing seat 10 of the output end are arranged in the heat insulation shell 9 of the output end, the heat insulation shell 9 of the output end has the same structure as the input end and is divided into a lower heat insulation shell and an upper heat insulation shell, the lower heat insulation shell is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine equipment, the upper heat insulation shell and the lower heat insulation shell of the output end are fastened through flanges and bolts, and a closed heat insulation space is formed inside the upper heat insulation shell and the lower heat insulation shell; optionally, a lubricating oil injection hole is formed in the top of the upper heat insulation shell, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat insulation space between the bearing and the bearing seat 10;

preferably, the output end heat insulation shell 9 is the same as the output end 102, and redundant description is omitted; it should be noted that the output-side heat-insulating housing 9 and the rotating shaft 101 have two contact positions, and therefore, the output-side heat-insulating housing seals 32 have two contact positions, which are respectively arranged in contact with the rotating shaft 101 as shown in fig. 3; the output end heat insulation shell seal 32 prevents the bearing lubricating oil in the output end heat insulation shell 9 from leaking outwards from the output end heat insulation shell seal 32; the shaft end of the output end gas turbine rotating shaft 101 is also provided with a shaft coupling 11 for coupling with the rotating shaft of the generator 12, so that the generator 12 is convenient to overhaul and replace;

Optionally, the output end reserved space or pipeline 17 is respectively arranged in the lower cylinder 105 at two sides of the output end heat insulation shell 9, stores the leaked lubricating oil from the output end heat insulation shell seal 32, and discharges the leaked lubricating oil through the second pipeline valve 16 and the third pipeline valve 13; the output side generator 12 generates electric power, which is led out through a terminal provided in the cylinder block 105 of the gas turbine equipment, and does not affect the sealing performance of the gas turbine.

It is worth noting that when the gas turbine equipment is large and the output end directly outputs mechanical energy, only the rotating shaft of the high-pressure input end of the gas turbine is subjected to cylinder body shaft sealing, the output end is low-pressure, and a traditional shaft sealing system is still adopted; the rotating shaft directly outputs mechanical energy;

the high-pressure main steam pipeline 20 of the gas turbine and the exhaust pipeline 21 of the gas turbine are fastened by adopting flanges and screws with excellent sealing performance, and leakage cannot occur, so that the gas turbine equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention has multiple sealing measures. It should be noted that the sealing system for a rotating shaft provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also adopt the same sealing technology and method as those of the gas turbine equipment for other rotating mechanical equipment, such as a high-pressure gas input end and a high-pressure gas output end, so as to achieve and achieve near-zero leakage of the sealing system for the rotating shaft, and the sealing system also belongs to the category. The technology is relatively independent and has independent technical characteristics. Applicant recognition is also required when these techniques are incorporated.

in fig. 8, the sealing performance (up to nearly 100%) of the system using the cylinder block of the gas turbine engine equipment for shaft end sealing can be nearly zero leakage as in fig. 7; the low-temperature power generation working medium is close to zero leakage, so that the loss of the low-temperature power generation working medium with high cost can be reduced, and the overall power generation efficiency of the low-temperature working medium power generation system, the power system and the equipment can be improved;

as shown in fig. 8, when the temperature of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine provided in the embodiment of the present invention is reduced to the critical temperature of the power generation working medium nitrogen (about-147 ℃, latent heat is 0), the low-temperature working medium gas turbine does not continue to work, but directly discharges the low-temperature working medium gas turbine through the exhaust duct 21, at this time, the exhaust steam has no latent heat, the latent heat is 0, and the latent heat changes into sensible heat. Condensing high-temperature exhaust steam at critical temperature by using extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2; the exhaust steam is up to the critical temperature of the working medium, so the exhaust steam discharged by the exhaust pipeline 21 of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine is also in positive pressure, and the vacuum problem cannot exist; the low-temperature working medium gas turbine has the advantages of small volume, strong power and low cost.

Claims

1. A low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device are characterized by comprising a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and a throttle valve which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the throttling valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form circulation;

the low-temperature liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure limiting valve safety valve protection device and a pressure container for storing a low-temperature working medium with high-efficiency heat preservation and heat insulation; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid power generation working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure;

the low-temperature liquid pump is a driving device for improving the pressure of the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium; the low-temperature liquid pump is arranged between the low-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;

the low-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator is arranged between the low-temperature liquid pump and the main heat exchanger; the exhaust steam heat regenerator high-temperature pipeline is arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine exhaust pipeline and the low-temperature liquid storage tank; the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator exchange heat fully to form an exhaust steam heat regenerator with high-efficiency heat exchange; the exhaust steam heat regenerator is independently arranged or combined with the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine;

The main heat exchanger is a main device for exchanging heat with a heat source, is arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expansion machine, and comprises any one or more of an air heat exchanger, a hot water heat exchanger, a device shell heat exchanger, a solar photo-thermal heat exchanger, a high-temperature heated pipe or a boiler;

the inlet of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the outlet of the main heat exchanger, and the outlet of the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;

the temperature of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipe of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is obviously higher than the critical temperature of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches or is slightly higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium;

the pressure of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipe of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is obviously higher than the critical pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the pressure of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches or approaches to the critical pressure of the low-temperature power generation working medium;

the low-temperature power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is used for increasing the pressure through the low-temperature liquid pump; the steam flows through a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, is conveyed to the main heat exchanger to absorb external heat energy, expands rapidly in volume, forms high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and then is conveyed to the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to drive the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drive a generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards; the temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump condenses the high-temperature exhaust steam at the critical temperature;

The throttle valve is a throttling and pressure reducing device, and the throttling and pressure reducing device comprises but is not limited to a throttle valve, a stop valve and an expansion valve;

the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine for converting high-temperature and high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, and is also called as a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine comprises but is not limited to a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, a gas screw expander and a gas turbine expander;

the structure of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment needs to meet the physical characteristics of density, components, temperature and pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium;

2. The low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and mobile equipment according to claim 1, further comprising an expander or a turbine, wherein the expander or the turbine is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator and the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank;

the expander or the turbine is a throttling and pressure reducing device, the expander comprises a turbine expander and a screw expander, the inlet of the expander is high-pressure, the outlet of the expander is low-pressure, and the expander rotates at high speed to output mechanical energy or drives a generator to output electric energy;

The expansion machine consumes the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and realizes deeper refrigeration of the high-pressure fluid flowing through the expansion machine and returns the lower-temperature working medium liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby application while doing work outwards;

the expansion machine is independently arranged, all high-pressure fluid directly enters the expansion machine to do work, the high-pressure fluid realizes throttling and pressure reduction through the expansion machine, internal energy of the high-pressure gas is consumed to do work outwards and realize deep cooling, and the dead steam liquid returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank to be stored for later use; meanwhile, mechanical energy is output or the generator is driven to rotate to output electric energy; preferably, the expander is provided simultaneously with the throttle valve; the expansion machine and the throttle valve are in parallel connection and are jointly arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator and the low-temperature liquid storage tank;

further, when the high-pressure steam exhaust fluid output by the high-temperature pipeline outlet of the steam exhaust heat regenerator is in a gas-liquid mixed state, preferably, the high-pressure liquid is throttled and depressurized by the throttle valve and then returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage; throttling and depressurizing the high-pressure gas through the expander, consuming internal energy of the high-pressure gas to do work and deep cooling at the same time, and returning the waste steam liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage; meanwhile, mechanical energy is output or the generator is driven to rotate to output electric energy;

Further, a gas-liquid separator is arranged between the throttle valve inlet and the expander inlet, and liquid output by the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the throttle valve inlet; the high-pressure gas output by the gas-liquid separator is input and drives the expansion machine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy; and when doing work, consuming the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid, and returning the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby.

3. The low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and motorized equipment according to claims 1-2, wherein the cryogenic liquid storage tank is further provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device comprises the cryogenic liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttle valve or a second expander or a turbine which are connected in sequence; the compressor is independently arranged or coaxially connected with the expander; or a set of electric power generation integrated machine is coaxially connected to the rotating shafts of the expander and the compressor which are coaxially connected; when the compressor is started or the power of the compressor is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is a motor, and consumes electric energy to output power to drive the compressor; when the mechanical energy output by the expansion machine is larger than the power demand of the compressor, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is a generator, and the redundant mechanical energy generated by the high-speed rotation of the expansion machine is converted into electric energy to be output;

Preferably, the compressor and the expander are coaxially connected into a whole device; the expander rotates at a high speed to drive the compressor which is coaxially connected to rotate at a high speed; the compressor absorbs and compresses low-temperature gas evaporated from a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and heat energy generated by the compressed gas of the compressor is released into low-temperature working medium fluid at the front end of an inlet of the expander through a condenser arranged between an outlet of a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the expander;

when the expander is arranged independently, the condenser is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator and the inlet of the expander; when the throttle valve is arranged in the system, the condenser is arranged between the high-pressure gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the expander;

the high-temperature end of the condenser exchanges heat with the high-pressure fluid at the inlet end of the expander, and the low-temperature end of the condenser exchanges heat with the high-pressure fluid at the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator; one end of the condenser connected with the outlet of the compressor is a high-temperature end of the condenser;

the gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank carries a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, is collected by the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank and is conveyed to the compressor by a pipeline, then is compressed by the compressor and passes through the condenser, so that the high-pressure gas is condensed into liquid, and then returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after throttling, pressure-reducing and refrigerating by the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine;

Preferably, when a second expander is used for realizing throttling pressure reduction work and realizing more deep cooling, the inlet of the second expander is high-pressure fluid, the outlet of the second expander is low-pressure fluid, the second expander or the turbine is driven to rotate at a high speed to do work and output mechanical energy, the high-pressure fluid flowing through the second expander or the turbine is refrigerated more deeply, and the lower-temperature liquid is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; further, a second expander is coaxially connected with a second compressor, the second compressor is a supercharger and is arranged between the compressor and the condenser; the pressure of the fluid working medium in the condenser is increased;

furthermore, the cooling device or the compression condensing system also has a technical scheme for improving the gas density in the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the technical scheme improves the output pressure of the expansion machine and improves the gas density in the low-temperature liquid storage tank by improving the pressure of exhaust steam discharged by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine; enabling the compressor to continuously compress the high-density gas in the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and reducing the high-density gas into liquid after the energy is released by the condenser; and the low-temperature liquid returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after being throttled and depressurized by a second throttling valve, a second expansion machine or a turbine.

4. The low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile equipment according to claims 1-3, characterized by further comprising a solar photo-thermal system and/or a combustion system;

the solar photo-thermal system comprises a solar light-gathering system and the main heat exchanger;

the fuel in the fuel storage is regulated and controlled by the controller and then is conveyed to a burner of the boiler to be combusted, and the generated high-temperature heat energy heats the pipeline of the high-temperature main heat exchanger; the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline is heated at high temperature to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives a generator to rotate at high speed to output electric energy outwards;

the system comprises a low-temperature liquid fuel storage, a heat exchanger, a controller and a boiler, wherein the low-temperature liquid fuel storage, the heat exchanger, the controller and the boiler are sequentially connected; the heat exchanger is independently arranged to absorb the heat energy of the air in the environment; or the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is arranged between the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine and the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the heat energy of the high-temperature exhaust steam is absorbed; the cryogenic liquid fuel includes, but is not limited to, LNG liquid, liquid hydrogen;

The low-temperature liquid fuel stored in the low-temperature liquid fuel storage is conveyed to the heat exchanger through a pipeline to absorb the heat energy of the air in the environment and then is gasified to form combustible gas; or exchanging heat with high-temperature exhaust steam in an exhaust steam pipeline, on one hand, condensing the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam into liquid and returning the liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank; meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid fuel absorbs the high-temperature exhaust steam heat energy output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine exhaust pipeline and then is gasified into combustible gas, after the low-temperature liquid fuel is regulated and controlled by the controller, the combustible gas is conveyed to the boiler burner to be combusted, the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline in the boiler is heated, the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline absorbs the high-temperature heat energy generated by the combustion of the combustible gas to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives the;

furthermore, a low-temperature main heat exchanger is arranged outside the high-temperature main heat exchanger and/or the boiler flue, the low-temperature main heat exchanger fully absorbs heat energy generated by combustion of combustible gas in the boiler, and the heat energy generated by combustion of the combustible gas is fully utilized to do work and generate electricity;

furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger and hot air or solar photo-thermal energy in the environment are utilized, the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium absorbs heat and/or solar heat in the air in the environment to do work, and the power generation efficiency and the power generation output of the system are further improved.

5. The cryogenic working medium supercritical power system and automotive equipment according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the cryogenic liquid storage tank is a pressure vessel for cryogenic liquid storage with safety valve protection and good thermal insulation properties; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure; the low-temperature liquid working medium comprises any one or a plurality of combinations of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, liquid nitrogen, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and a low-temperature refrigerant;

the low-temperature liquid storage tank, the low-temperature liquid pump, the exhaust steam heat regenerator, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, the throttle valve and the expansion machine are arranged in the low-temperature liquid storage tank; the low-temperature liquid fuel storage device, the low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature components and the corresponding connecting pipelines are low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenitic low-temperature steel and ferritic low-temperature steel; the low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature component and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, including but not limited to vacuum insulation, aerogel, foam, fiber material, glass wool;

Further, the device also comprises a cold box, wherein the cold box is made of a high-heat-insulation material, and the low-temperature equipment is placed in the cold box; the cold box is also provided with an isolation; the cold box is insulated from the external environment by a highly insulated enclosure, and the insulation is again insulated and isolated from the cryogenic equipment at different temperatures.

6. The low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile equipment according to the claims 1-5, wherein the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander outputs mechanical energy to the outside in a high-speed rotation mode; and/or driving the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy;

the generator rotates at a high speed to output electric energy and is connected with a power supply control system; the power supply control system is connected with and drives the motor; the power control system is further connected with energy storage equipment, and the energy storage equipment comprises a super capacitor energy storage system and/or a battery energy storage system.

7. The supercritical low temperature working medium power system and engine-driven equipment according to claim 1, further comprising a gas turbine using a gas turbine cylinder for shaft sealing, wherein the gas turbine is composed of a stationary part and a rotating part; the gas turbine cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system; the input end shaft seal system of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline; the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a supporting bearing and a thrust bearing;

A heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in a lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the gas turbine; the input end bearing and the bearing seat are arranged in a lower heat insulation shell in a lower cylinder of the gas turbine;

the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, and the lower heat insulation shell and the inner cavity of the upper heat insulation shell form a closed heat insulation space through the fastening of the flanges and bolts; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing, the bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in a heat insulation space formed by the heat insulation shell; the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft, and a heat insulation shell seal is further arranged, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.

8. The supercritical low temperature working medium power system and motor-driven equipment and the turbine or expander equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein the upper and lower heat-insulating shells of the heat-insulating shell are fastened by the flange and the bolt, a closed heat-insulating space is formed inside the upper heat-insulating shell, and a lubricating oil injection hole is arranged at the top of the upper heat-insulating shell, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat-insulating space of the bearing and the bearing seat;

The heat insulation shell also comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline; clean low-temperature lubricating oil is provided for the bearing and the bearing seat; high-temperature and dirty lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell is output through a lubricating oil output pipeline, conveyed to a lubricating oil filter and a lubricating oil cooler for cooling, pressurized by a lubricating oil pump and conveyed to the bearing to form circulation;

the lubricant filter, the lubricant cooler, and the lubricant pump are disposed outside a cylinder block of the gas turbine; or the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body of the gas turbine, and when the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body, a heat exchange pipeline is required to exchange heat with the outside so as to ensure the temperature of the lubricating oil to be constant;

preferably, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe inside the cylinder body of the gas turbine are further arranged inside or outside the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment;

preferably, a shaft seal is further arranged between the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine and the heat insulation shell at the input end; preferably, an input end reserved space or a pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the main steam pipeline, the input end reserved space or the pipeline is arranged in the lower cylinder, lubricating oil leaked from the sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked dirty lubricating oil is discharged through a first pipeline valve.

9. The low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and motor-driven equipment as well as the gas turbine or expander equipment according to the claims 7-8, wherein the output end of the gas turbine comprises a gas turbine exhaust pipeline, an output end cylinder body, an output end bearing and bearing seat, a coupling and a generator; the gas turbine hides an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupler and a generator in an output end cylinder body of the gas turbine;

the input end of the gas turbine and the output end of the gas turbine are hidden in the gas turbine cylinder, shaft seals at two ends of a rotating shaft are carried out by utilizing a highly closed structure of the gas turbine cylinder, and low-temperature working media are prevented from leaking from the shaft seals at two ends of the rotating shaft of the gas turbine.

10. A process for a low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and a mobile device, which is suitable for the low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the mobile device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expander; the method comprises the following steps:

for example, the low-temperature liquid working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is liquid nitrogen or liquid air with the boiling point temperature lower than-196 ℃ under the standard atmospheric pressure, the high pressure is added through the low-temperature liquid pump, so that the pressure of the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium reaches more than 3Mpa, the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium flows through a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam regenerator and is conveyed into the low-temperature main heat exchanger, for example, a hot air heat exchanger with the temperature of more than 30 ℃ is used for heating, and the temperature of nitrogen reaches; the low-temperature liquid nitrogen power generation working medium absorbs the energy of hot air or solar heat source and then is gasified to form high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at high speed; outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy;

The temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine reaches the critical temperature of about-147 ℃ of the liquid nitrogen; condensing high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam which is output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and reaches the critical temperature by adopting extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump and liquid nitrogen or liquid air with the temperature lower than-196 ℃; the high-temperature exhaust steam and extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air below minus 196 ℃ fully exchange heat in the exhaust steam heat regenerator; after losing heat energy, the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam reaching the critical temperature is condensed into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid nitrogen or liquid air, and after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration are carried out by the throttle valve, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid nitrogen or liquid air is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby;

liquid nitrogen or liquid air stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is pressurized by the low-temperature liquid pump at a temperature lower than-196 ℃, is conveyed into a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator to perform sufficient heat exchange with a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, and absorbs high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam heat energy which is discharged by a low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and reaches or approaches to a critical temperature of-147 ℃; the extremely low temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air output by the low temperature liquid pump absorbs the heat energy of the high temperature exhaust steam reaching or approaching the critical temperature, the temperature is raised to about-150 ℃, and the exhaust steam heat regenerator stores the heat exchange temperature difference of the metal pipe wall at the temperature of more than 0.5 ℃; the low-temperature power generation working medium at about-150 ℃ is conveyed to the low-temperature main heat exchanger from the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, if the heat exchange is continued with the hot air at about 30 ℃ in the hot air heat exchanger, the temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium reaches over 0 ℃; or the high-temperature main heat exchanger is heated to more than 200 ℃ by boiler combustion or solar energy, the higher the temperature is, the stronger the power output is, the high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or high-pressure air is formed, the high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or high-pressure air is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed, mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy, and the circulation is continued;

Preferably, the high-pressure exhaust steam reaching or approaching the critical temperature is output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine; an expander is further arranged at an outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, a high-pressure fluid is input into an input port of the expander, and liquid nitrogen or liquid air which is low-temperature and low-pressure is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after throttling and pressure reduction are carried out on the high-pressure fluid through the expander;

the large pressure difference exists between the input end and the output end of the expansion machine, so that the expansion machine is driven to rotate at a high speed, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy; the expander does work outwards due to high-speed rotation, so that internal energy stored in the low-temperature working medium fluid is consumed, and the temperature of the low-temperature working medium returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank is lower; the low-temperature liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank can be kept at a low temperature, and the low-temperature liquid pump outputs lower-temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air, so that high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is condensed;

further, the low-temperature liquid storage tank is also provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device comprises the low-temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttling valve or a second expansion machine which are sequentially connected; the expander rotates at a high speed, is coaxially connected with and drives the compressor to rotate at a high speed, the inlet of the compressor is communicated with the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and gas evaporated in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is collected, compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gas and conveyed to the condenser for condensation;

The condenser is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the expander, and releases heat energy generated by the compressor into a low-temperature working medium at the input front end of the expander so as to absorb heat and gasify the low-temperature working medium; inputting and driving the expansion machine to do work, and outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to output electric energy; the outlet of the condenser is connected with a second expansion valve or a second expansion machine, throttling, pressure reducing and refrigerating are carried out through the second expansion valve or the second expansion machine, low-pressure and low-temperature liquid is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and the circulation is carried out;

the main heat exchanger also comprises a combustion heating system, fuel in the fuel storage is supplied by the fuel and regulated by the controller, and the burner in the boiler ignites the fuel to heat a low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger in the boiler; high-temperature and high-pressure gas is formed to drive the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander to rotate at a high speed and do work, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards; the fuel includes but is not limited to natural gas, gasoline, diesel oil, liquefied petroleum gas, clean coal gas, biofuel, hydrogen fuel, nuclear fuel;

The low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards and/or drives the generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy outwards; the generator outputs electric energy at high-speed rotation and is connected to a power supply control system; the power supply control system is connected with a driving motor; the power supply control system is also connected with energy storage equipment, and the energy storage equipment comprises but is not limited to a super capacitor energy storage system and/or a battery energy storage system;

in hot summer, the low-temperature working medium supercritical power system and the low-temperature working medium supercritical power equipment absorb ambient hot air and solar photo-thermal power generation through low-temperature liquid nitrogen on one hand, and in addition, the system heats the main heat exchanger through fuel carried by combustion equipment to enable the system to continue to do work for power generation; meanwhile, the system and the equipment are also provided with a power supply control system and energy storage equipment, and the regulation and control of the system on the rotating speed of the motor are met by storing and releasing electric energy through the electric energy of the energy storage equipment;

for large-scale mobile equipment such as ships and the like, preferably, the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander rotates at a high speed and directly outputs mechanical energy to the outside; meanwhile, the generator is driven to output electric energy to be used by trains and ships and is connected with energy storage equipment to provide electric energy for the super capacitor energy storage system and/or the battery energy storage system, so that sufficient electric energy and electric energy storage can be provided for the low-temperature liquid pump and the compressor motor when the trains and the ships are started next time; various electric energy requirements of large-scale equipment such as trains, ships and the like are ensured; because the system does not release energy to the outside, the effective thermal efficiency is very high; the endurance of electric automobiles, trains and ships can be obviously increased.