CN111980766A - Ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation equipment - Google Patents

Ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation equipment Download PDF

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CN111980766A
CN111980766A CN201910426760.1A CN201910426760A CN111980766A CN 111980766 A CN111980766 A CN 111980766A CN 201910426760 A CN201910426760 A CN 201910426760A CN 111980766 A CN111980766 A CN 111980766A
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temperature
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heat
power generation
working medium
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翁志远
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Beijing Hongyuan Baiside Technology Co ltd
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Beijing Hongyuan Baiside Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/003—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by packing rings; Mechanical seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/08—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/16—Arrangement of bearings; Supporting or mounting bearings in casings
    • F01D25/162—Bearing supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/18—Lubricating arrangements
    • F01D25/20—Lubricating arrangements using lubrication pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment, belongs to the technical field of low temperature waste heat power generation, ultralow temperature waste heat power generation and hot water power generation, and particularly relates to a system for performing high-efficiency power generation by using a low-grade heat source, which is mainly applied to the fields of ultralow temperature waste heat power generation, thermal power generation, power equipment and the like; working medium with the boiling point of 15 ℃ for ORC Rankine cycle can realize hot water power generation above 80 ℃; the system uses carbon dioxide with lower boiling point, even liquid air or liquid nitrogen, the boiling point of the working medium is as low as-196 ℃, and the heat source power generation at the temperature of more than 10 ℃ can be realized; the core of the embodiment of the invention is to solve the difficult problems of condensation and reduction of the low-temperature power generation working medium, shaft end leakage of a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expansion machine and the like; the embodiment of the invention forms a set of complete, high-efficiency and low-grade energy power generation ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment; the method has the advantages of low heat source temperature, low cost and high efficiency.

Description

Ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of waste heat power generation, ultralow temperature waste heat power generation, hot water power generation and the like, in particular to a low-temperature supercritical power generation technology adopting a low-temperature power generation working medium liquid air or liquid nitrogen; the heat energy of the ultralow temperature waste heat above 10 ℃ is absorbed by liquid nitrogen and other low-temperature working media and is output in power generation, and the system is a very high-efficiency low-temperature waste heat and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation system or equipment.
Background
In modern industry, it is known from the energy balance of internal combustion engines that the useful work output to the outside of the energy released by the combustion of fuel accounts for only about 25% to 45% of the total work. The rest part is not fully utilized and is carried away by a cooling system and engine exhaust. If the discharged energy can be utilized, the power and the heat efficiency of the internal combustion engine are improved, and the utilization rate of energy is greatly improved. The method comprises the steps of high-temperature waste gas waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, waste steam waste water waste heat, high-temperature product and slag waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat, combustible waste gas waste liquid, waste material waste heat and the like.
According to investigation, the total waste heat resources of all industries account for 17% -67% of the total fuel consumption, and the recyclable waste heat resources account for 60% of the total waste heat resources. Waste heat utilization is one of hot spots of current energy-saving work and widely distributed in various heavy industrial enterprises and light industrial enterprises; the residual heat is abundant, and the part of heat of most enterprises is not utilized due to the limitation of technology or process, and is discharged to the atmosphere in a large quantity, so that the energy is wasted, and the ecological environment is thermally polluted.
According to different temperatures of the waste heat body, the waste heat can be divided into high-temperature waste heat (more than 500 ℃), medium-temperature waste heat (200 ℃ -500 ℃) and low-temperature waste heat (below 200 ℃); according to the source of waste heat resources, the waste heat can be divided into high-temperature flue gas waste heat, high-temperature steam waste heat, high-temperature product waste heat, high-temperature slag waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, condensate water waste heat, combustible waste gas waste heat, chemical reaction waste heat and the like. The waste heat treatment technology, the waste heat power generation technology, the hot water power generation technology, the float glass line waste heat power generation technology, the converter waste heat power generation technology and the like are vigorously developed, and the method can be applied to the fields of the steel industry, the petrochemical industry, the building material industry, the cement industry, the nonferrous metal industry, the sugar manufacturing industry, the paper making industry, the glass industry, the coking plant industry and the like.
Most of traditional waste heat power generation systems adopt water as a power generation working medium, the water is pressurized and conveyed into a boiler through a water pump, high-temperature waste heat energy is absorbed and gasified to form high-pressure steam, and then the high-temperature steam is input and driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to rotate to output electric energy. The low-temperature waste steam exhausted by a steam turbine usually adopts a cooling tower to exchange heat with cold water or cold air in the environment, latent heat energy in the waste steam is released, the steam is condensed and reduced into water and then is conveyed to a boiler through a water pump to be reheated into steam, the steam turbine is driven and drives a generator to output electric energy, the waste steam exhausted by the steam turbine releases the latent heat energy in the waste steam into the cold water or the cold air in the environment through a cooling tower system, the waste steam is condensed into water and then is pressurized into the boiler through the water pump to be heated, and the circulation is continuous, and the power generation output is continuous.
The power generation technology and the waste heat power generation which use water as power generation working medium can absorb heat energy and generate power for medium and high grade waste heat resources; the waste residual heat resource is a redundant and free heat source in the industrial production process, so the waste residual heat resource is more applied in the industrial market; the method has the disadvantages that the waste heat power generation efficiency is low, the effective thermal efficiency of low-temperature waste heat power generation is only about 8-12%, the power generation efficiency is about 20% for waste heat resources with higher temperature, nearly 80-90% of the waste heat resources and waste heat energy are released to ambient air or ambient cold water through a cooling tower, huge waste of heat resources is caused, and heat pollution is caused to the environment.
In the market, besides water is used as a power generation working medium, a low-temperature organic Rankine cycle is adopted, the power generation adopts an organic working medium with the boiling point temperature of about 15 ℃, the waste heat power generation of hot water and steam above 80 ℃ can be realized, and the principle of the organic Rankine cycle is basically the same as that of the organic Rankine cycle which uses water as the power generation working medium. The exhausted steam exhausted from the screw expander is condensed and reduced by using air or cold water in the environment. The screw expander is adopted to replace a steam turbine, and meanwhile, the low-boiling-point working medium with the boiling point of about 15 ℃ is used for organic Rankine cycle power generation, so that the power generation can be carried out on hot water and hot steam with the boiling point of more than 80 ℃ (even 60 ℃). Typically only 8-12% effective thermal efficiency, with about 20% maximum efficiency, approximately 80-90% of the thermal energy is wasted and released to the environment. Meanwhile, the low-temperature waste heat power generation technology adopts (about 10 ten thousand yuan per ton) expensive organic working media; therefore, the waste heat power generation product not only has low efficiency, but also has expensive power generation working medium cost.
For a low-temperature power generation working medium with a standard atmospheric pressure boiling point temperature lower than 0 ℃, the low-temperature power generation working medium is still in a research stage at home and abroad, and for technicians doing power generation, the storage of the low-temperature power generation working medium is a difficult point, the boiling point temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium is far lower than the environment, the low-temperature liquid in equipment can be gasified when being placed in the environment, and high-pressure gas can not be used and used for power generation; the most difficult point is that the reduction of the low-temperature exhaust steam becomes the most pain point after the gas turbine does work.
In general, after the steam turbine works, the dead steam adopts a cooling tower to release the latent heat of the dead steam into ambient air or cold water; however, the temperature of the exhaust steam of the low-temperature power generation working medium is far lower than the ambient temperature, and the extremely low-temperature latent heat cannot be released to the air or cold water in the environment under normal conditions, so that the condensation and Rankine cycle cannot be performed again. If a compressor is adopted to compress the dead steam or a heat pump is used to immerse the dead steam into the ambient temperature and release the ambient temperature into cold air or cold water, the cost is too high; the electric energy output by the power generation is not enough to be the huge electric energy consumed by the compressor and the heat pump, and the cost is too high. Therefore, the low-temperature working medium waste heat power generation system or device is basically not researched by people. Many technicians engaged in power generation study and see that water is used as a power generation working medium, most of people do not want the low-temperature liquid working medium, and some people think that the low-temperature liquid working medium cannot be realized.
In addition, the cylinder body of the steam turbine is still, the rotating speed of the rotor of the steam turbine is very high, the rotating shaft rotating at high speed and the cylinder body which is still need to be strictly sealed, otherwise, ultrahigh pressure gas input by the steam turbine leaks along the rotating shaft of the steam turbine, and the leakage pressure is very high. The steam turbine needs a shaft seal system, and the traditional steam turbine needs a tooth-shaped steam seal, a Brabender steam seal, a honeycomb steam seal, a brush steam seal, a flexible tooth steam seal and an elastic tooth steam seal; although the high-pressure air inlet end is provided with the shaft seal, the leakage of steam through the shaft seal cannot be avoided; the leakage rate of the existing large-scale steam turbine can reach more than 10 tons per hour. Especially low temperature organic power generating working medium, (up to 10 ten thousand yuan per ton) so the leakage cost of the shaft seal is quite expensive.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the lower-temperature power generation working media such as carbon dioxide with lower boiling point, liquid air, liquid nitrogen and the like are adopted, so that the lower-temperature power generation can be realized; meanwhile, the cost of CO2, liquid air and liquid nitrogen is only hundreds of yuan per ton, and the cost is much lower than that of organic working media. Under standard atmospheric pressure, the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than 0 ℃ has the boiling point far lower than the environmental temperature for technicians doing power generation, and except that the liquid nitrogen or liquid air working medium with the boiling point far lower than the environmental temperature is gasified to form gas which cannot be used, the maximum pain point is that after the low-temperature power generation working medium drives a gas turbine to do work, the extremely-low-temperature exhaust steam is reduced into liquid, which is the biggest difficulty. In order to solve the technical problems, through continuous research and exploration for over twenty years, the applicant finally finds a low-temperature working medium condensing technology and method which are efficient, do not consume energy and are low in cost, and also finds a latest sealing technology for solving the problem of shaft seal leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or an expander. (remark: the steam turbine usually refers to the working medium of water vapor, because the low-temperature working medium is gas after gasification, generally is gas without water vapor, therefore, the steam turbine is specially changed into a gas turbine)
Disclosure of Invention
For technical research personnel who are engaged in power generation for a long time, the storage problem of the low-temperature working medium is that water with the boiling point of 100 ℃ is contacted every day, the boiling point temperature of the low-temperature liquid working medium is very low, and the low-temperature liquid working medium can be gasified when being placed in the environment; for the related technicians who work out the air separation, the storage of low-temperature liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, even liquid hydrogen and liquid helium can be well solved by adopting the technologies of vacuum heat insulation and the like; not only that, in order to prevent the vacuum insulation from being broken or the shelf life from being long, causing external heat energy to enter the cryogenic liquid storage tank, a pressure protection device is generally installed on the cryogenic liquid storage tank. After the extremely-low-temperature liquid absorbs heat and is gasified, the pressure is released through the pressure protection device, meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid is gasified to absorb a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid can be rapidly reduced after the latent heat of vaporization is released.
However, the research, development, production and manufacture of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine are not done by companies and manufacturers in the market, belong to a blank market, do not belong to the prior art, do not solve the problem of condensation of extremely low-temperature power generation working medium, and the low-temperature working medium gas turbine (or an expander) does not know how to design and has no market demand in the aspect before; therefore, no research and development is carried out on the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander.
The embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:
on the first hand, the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation equipment comprise a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, an exhaust steam heat regenerator low-temperature pipeline, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, an exhaust steam heat regenerator high-temperature pipeline and a throttle valve which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the throttling valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form circulation;
the low-temperature liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure limiting valve safety valve protection device and a pressure container for storing a low-temperature working medium with high-efficiency heat preservation and heat insulation; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid power generation working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure;
the low-temperature liquid pump is a driving device for improving the pressure of the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium; the low-temperature liquid pump is arranged between the low-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;
the main heat exchanger is a main device for exchanging heat with a heat source and is arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine;
the main heat exchanger is divided into a low-temperature main heat exchanger and/or a high-temperature main heat exchanger; the low-temperature main heat exchanger comprises any one or more of a hot water heat exchanger, a condenser, a cooler, an air duct heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, an equipment cooler, a low-temperature waste heat exchanger and an ultralow-temperature waste heat exchanger; the high-temperature main heat exchanger comprises any one or more of a medium-high temperature waste heat exchanger, a boiler and a waste heat boiler; the higher the temperature input by the high-temperature main heat exchanger is, the larger the mechanical energy and the electric energy output by the system are;
The inlet of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the outlet of the main heat exchanger, and the outlet of the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;
the temperature of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipe of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is obviously higher than the critical temperature of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the dead steam discharged by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine reaches or approaches to the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium;
the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator exchange heat fully to form an exhaust steam heat regenerator with efficient heat exchange; the exhaust steam heat regenerator is independently arranged or combined with the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine;
the throttle valve is a throttling and pressure reducing device, and the throttling and pressure reducing device comprises but is not limited to a throttle valve, a stop valve and an expansion valve;
the low-temperature power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is pressurized by a low-temperature liquid pump; the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is conveyed and driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy after the high-temperature high-pressure gas is formed by flowing through a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and conveying the high-temperature high-pressure gas into the main heat exchanger to absorb external heat energy and rapidly expand the volume;
In a second aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine that converts high-temperature and high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, which is also called a gas turbine, and the gas turbine includes, but is not limited to, a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, a gas screw expander, and a gas turbine expander; the structure of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment needs to meet the physical characteristics of density, components, temperature and pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium;
the low-temperature parts of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine need to be made of low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenite low-temperature steel and ferrite low-temperature steel.
The outside of the equipment of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is provided with a high-efficiency heat insulation material; including but not limited to foam, vacuum insulation, fibrous materials, glass wool, high silica wool.
Furthermore, the temperature of the high-pressure gas input by the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander must be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium;
The low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine applies work by utilizing the temperature energy of a high-pressure high-temperature gas working medium input by a main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and the enthalpy difference between exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and the exhaust steam with the temperature reaching or approaching the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium; driving the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy to the outside or driving a generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy to the outside;
in a third aspect, the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; condensing high-temperature exhaust steam which is output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline and reaches or approaches to the critical temperature by adopting extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump, condensing the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline into liquid, throttling, depressurizing and refrigerating by a throttle valve at the outlet of a high-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam regenerator, and returning the low-pressure low-temperature condensed liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby;
the physical properties of each low-temperature working medium are different, and the cost and the efficiency of equipment are also different, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump condenses the high-temperature exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, and the high-temperature exhaust steam is subjected to sufficient heat exchange by an exhaust steam heat regenerator; the liquid, gas-liquid mixture and even all gas can be presented; if the high-pressure liquid is completely high-pressure liquid, throttling, depressurizing and refrigerating by using a throttle valve directly, and returning low-pressure and low-temperature condensed liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; preferably, the expander (or the turbine) can also be used for recovering the pressure energy in the high-pressure fluid and realizing cryogenic cooling at lower temperature for the high-pressure fluid;
It is worth noting that different manufacturers of expanders have different processes and different requirements, high-pressure liquid has large impact on the impeller of the expander and is limited by the process and materials, and some manufacturers require that the input of the expander must be gas, some manufacturers can carry a small part of liquid, and even the input of the expander of the manufacturers can be all liquid; for high pressure liquids, it is also possible to use a turbine, which is defined as an expander impeller device, i.e. the turbine is an expander;
the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is high pressure; the high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam is condensed into high-pressure low-temperature fluid by fully exchanging heat with extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump; the turbine (namely an expander) at the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator is driven to do work, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy; the expansion machine consumes the internal energy of the high-pressure low-temperature fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and realizes deeper refrigeration while doing work outwards; returning low-pressure low-temperature liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for later use; the technology is generally applied to the fields of air separation and cryogenic cooling, the cryogenic cooling in the air separation is realized by a compressor, the technology depends on the high pressure discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, and the high pressure mode are completely different;
Further, the outlet position of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator is provided; the two devices have the functions of throttling, pressure reducing and refrigerating; the throttle valve has simple structure and low cost, but can not do work and deeply cool, and is suitable for small-sized power generation equipment; the expansion machine can realize the functions of throttling and pressure reducing; the inlet of the expansion machine is high pressure, the outlet of the expansion machine is low pressure, the expansion machine can consume the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and can realize deeper refrigeration while externally doing work to generate electricity; returning the lower-temperature condensed liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; preferably, the throttle valve and the expander are adopted simultaneously, and the two devices are connected in parallel; because the expander can utilize pressure to do work and realize deeper refrigeration, the exhaust steam pressure does not reach the critical pressure, but a certain pressure is needed, and the expander can normally work, the embodiment of the invention comprises a range which is lower than the critical pressure or reaches or is higher than the critical pressure;
further, a gas-liquid separator is arranged between the throttle valve inlet and the expander inlet; the liquid density is high, the gas density is low, the gas-liquid separator is a simpler gravity gas-liquid separator, and the liquid output by the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the throttle valve inlet; the high-pressure gas output by the gas-liquid separator is input and drives the expansion machine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy; and consuming the deep cooling of the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid while doing work, and returning the low-temperature low-pressure liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby.
In a fourth aspect, the low-temperature liquid storage tank according to the embodiment of the present invention is further provided with a cooling device, where the cooling device includes the low-temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, and a second throttle valve or a second expander, which are connected in sequence; the compressor is arranged independently or is coaxially connected with the expander; or the shaft of the expander and the shaft of the compressor which are coaxially connected with a set of electric and power generation integrated machine; when the compressor is started or the compression power of the compressor is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is characterized in that the compressor is driven by the output power of the motor; when the expansion output is larger than the requirement of the compressor, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is represented as a generator to convert the mechanical energy output by expansion into electric energy for output;
further, the compressor and the expander are coaxially connected into a whole device; the expander rotates at a high speed to drive the compressor which is coaxially connected to rotate at a high speed; the compressor absorbs and compresses low-temperature gas evaporated from a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and heat energy generated by the compressor compressing the gas is released into a low-temperature working medium at the inlet of the expander through a condenser arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam heat regenerator and the expander, so that fluid input by the expander becomes all gas or most of the gas;
The low-temperature gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank carries a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, is collected by the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank and conveyed to the compressor by a pipeline, is compressed by the compressor and condensed into liquid by the condenser, and returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for later use after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration by the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine; the circulation is carried out continuously, the gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid storage tank is compressed continuously and is condensed and reduced into low-temperature liquid; and continuously reducing the temperature of the liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank, so that the low-temperature power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is always kept in a low-temperature liquid state.
In a fifth aspect, in the embodiment of the invention, the main heat exchanger is provided with a low-temperature main heat exchanger, and the low-temperature main heat exchanger exchanges heat with low-temperature waste heat resources and ultralow-temperature waste heat resources fully;
the low-temperature waste heat resources and the ultralow-temperature waste heat resources comprise any one or more of various hot water resources, condensers, coolers, geothermal resources, low-temperature flue heat exchangers, equipment radiators, air heat exchangers and solar photo-thermal heat exchangers;
Preferably, the heat exchanger is also provided with a high-temperature main heat exchanger, and the high-temperature main heat exchanger can fully exchange heat with high-temperature waste heat resources; the high-temperature waste heat resources comprise any one or a plurality of combinations of incinerator, internal combustion engine tail gas, high-temperature flue gas waste heat, high-temperature furnace slag waste heat, cement kiln waste heat, float glass waste heat, petrochemical high-temperature waste heat and smelting industry high-temperature slag waste heat;
after the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium in the low-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline and/or the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline absorbs high-temperature heat energy generated by the ultralow-temperature waste heat, the low-temperature waste heat, the medium-temperature waste heat, the high-temperature waste heat resource or the solar photo-thermal resource, the low-temperature power generation working medium absorbs heat to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input to and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives;
furthermore, a combustion system is also included; the system consists of a fuel storage, a controller and a boiler which are communicated in sequence; the boiler consists of a burner and the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline;
the fuel in the fuel storage is regulated and controlled by the controller and then is conveyed to a burner of the boiler to be combusted, and the generated high-temperature heat energy heats the pipeline of the high-temperature main heat exchanger; the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline is heated at high temperature to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives a generator to rotate at high speed to output electric energy outwards;
The fuel comprises any one or more of industrial combustible waste solid, combustible waste gas, household garbage, leaves and straws, waste tires and methane; the combustion is increased to increase the output of the waste heat power generation equipment, and the solar photo-thermal system is also arranged to output more power generation;
furthermore, a low-temperature main heat exchanger is arranged outside the high-temperature main heat exchanger and/or the boiler flue, the low-temperature main heat exchanger fully absorbs heat energy generated by combustion of combustible gas in the boiler, and the heat energy generated by combustion of the combustible gas is fully utilized to do work and generate electricity;
furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger also exchanges heat with other heating equipment, so that the heat energy of other heating equipment is fully absorbed, and meanwhile, the other heating equipment is cooled;
furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger exchanges heat with mesons such as hot air in the environment or hot water in the environment, the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium is used for absorbing heat energy of the air in the environment to do work, and the power generation efficiency and the power generation output of the system are further improved.
In a sixth aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic liquid storage tank is a pressure vessel for cryogenic liquid storage, which has safety valve protection measures and good thermal insulation performance; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure; the low-temperature liquid working medium comprises any one or a plurality of combinations of carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane, ethane, liquid nitrogen, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and a low-temperature refrigerant;
The low-temperature liquid storage tank is excellent in heat insulation performance, external heat energy is prevented from entering the low-temperature liquid storage tank due to the fact that vacuum heat insulation is damaged or the shelf time is long, and a pressure protection device is arranged on a shell of the low-temperature liquid storage tank. When extremely low-temperature liquid absorbs heat and is gasified, the pressure is released through the pressure protection device, and the allowable pressure of the low-temperature liquid storage tank is not exceeded, so that the equipment is very safe and reliable. Meanwhile, the low-temperature liquid is gasified to absorb a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid working medium can be rapidly reduced after the latent heat of vaporization is released, so that the arrangement is safer.
The system comprises a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a steam exhaust heat regenerator, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander, a throttle valve or expander, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttle valve or second expander and a low-temperature liquid fuel storage; the low-temperature components and the corresponding connecting pipelines are low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenite low-temperature steel and ferrite low-temperature steel;
the low-temperature equipment and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, and comprises vacuum thermal insulation, aerogel, foam materials, fiber materials, glass wool and high-silicon cotton;
The low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature component and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, and comprises vacuum thermal insulation, aerogel, foam materials, fiber materials, glass wool and high-silicon cotton;
the low-temperature equipment is characterized by also comprising a cold box, wherein the cold box is made of a high-heat-insulation material, and the low-temperature equipment is placed in the cold box; the cold box is also provided with an isolation; the cold box is insulated from the external environment by a highly insulated enclosure, and the insulation is again insulated and isolated from the cryogenic equipment at different temperatures.
In a seventh aspect, in the embodiment of the present invention, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine that converts high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, which is also called a gas turbine, and the gas turbine further includes, but is not limited to, a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, an expander, a gas screw expander, and a gas turbine expander; further, the gas turbine described above uses low temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenitic low temperature steel, ferritic low temperature steel;
the traditional gas turbine adopts steam as a working medium, high-pressure steam passes through a nozzle to drive a turbine impeller and a rotor to rotate at a high speed, gases such as high-pressure carbon dioxide, high-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure air and the like blow the turbine rotor impeller through the nozzle, and the turbine rotor can also be driven to rotate, and the turbine nozzle and the turbine impeller do not distinguish whether the input is the high-pressure steam, the high-pressure carbon dioxide, the high-pressure air or the high-pressure nitrogen; the impeller of the gas turbine is rotated as long as it is driven by high-pressure fluid; the gas turbine mechanical equipment such as a pneumatic machine, a gas turbine expander, a single-screw expander, a double-screw expander and the like is the same, and as long as high-pressure gas is input, the rotor of the gas turbine or the expander rotates at high speed regardless of the gas of the medium.
The traditional existing pneumatic machine, single-screw expander, double-screw expander, gas turbine expander and other equipment are slightly different from a steam turbine in the body structure, but all belong to gas turbine equipment, and basically all belong to small-sized gas turbines (only the steam turbine can be large or small, and the application is the most extensive), but all traditional equipment are generally applied to normal-temperature working media, such as normal-temperature high-pressure air, medium-temperature high-temperature water vapor or organic power generation working media of organic Rankine cycle, but the application in the low-temperature field is generally not considered. The low temperature and the normal temperature are different, and some normal temperature or high temperature steel is only suitable for the normal temperature and high temperature fields, but after the steel is applied to the low temperature field, the possibility of becoming brittle or even cracking can occur, which is absolutely not allowable in the practical application situation; low temperature resistant materials must be selected to solve this problem, including but not limited to austenitic low temperature steels, ferritic low temperature steels.
In addition, the tail part of the original equipment of the traditional gas turbine equipment needs to be completely removed by the gas turbine or the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander, and only the part above the critical temperature of the power generation working medium is reserved; the temperature and the pressure of high-pressure gas input by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment are both required to be obviously higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the dead steam discharged from the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;
Furthermore, an exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine equipment is connected with an inlet of a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, so that the low-temperature liquid pump is used for delivering extremely low-temperature liquid to a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator to condense high-temperature exhaust steam which is exhausted by the exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine equipment and has the temperature reaching or approaching the critical temperature of the low-temperature working medium;
the temperature of the dead steam discharged from the output end of the gas turbine equipment or the expander reaches or is close to the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium, for the embodiment of the invention, the modification method is the same as that of the gas turbine, the equipment volume is smaller, and the driving is strong; the gas turbine can be large or small, the universality is higher, the technology is mature, the cost is lower, and the number of other gas turbine devices in the market is less, so that the embodiment of the invention mainly describes the gas turbine, and other devices are the same and are not repeated.
The gas turbine expander, the pneumatic machine and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belong to gas turbine machinery, and only the structure of an equipment body is slightly different; in the embodiment of the invention, the input end, the output end, the pipeline connecting method, the using method and the parameters of the low-temperature working medium supercritical expander and the pneumatic machine are the same as those of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, so that the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine also belongs to the scope provided by the embodiment of the invention;
In an eighth aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a shaft seal system using a highly sealed structure of a cylinder of a gas turbine or an expander, where the gas turbine or the expander is composed of a stationary part and a rotating part; the gas turbine or the expander cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system; the input end shaft seal system of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline; the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a supporting bearing and a thrust bearing;
furthermore, a heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in a lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the gas turbine or the expander; said input end bearing and bearing housing mounted in said lower insulated housing within said turbine or expander lower cylinder;
further, the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, the flanges are fastened with bolts, and a closed heat insulation space is formed by the inner cavities of the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing, the bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in a heat insulation space formed by the heat insulation shell;
Furthermore, the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft, a heat insulation shell seal is further arranged, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.
Preferably, a shaft seal is further arranged between the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander and the heat insulation shell at the input end; preferably, an input end reserved space or a pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the main steam pipeline, the input end reserved space or the pipeline is arranged in the lower cylinder, lubricating oil leaked from the sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked dirty lubricating oil is discharged through the first pipeline valve.
Further, the output end of the gas turbine or the expander comprises a gas exhaust pipeline of the gas turbine or the expander, an output end cylinder body, an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupling and a generator; the output end bearing, the bearing seat, the coupling and the generator of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander are all hidden and arranged inside an output end cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander; the position of a generator for installing the cylinder body at the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander is improved, so that the generator is suitable for installing generator equipment;
Preferably, the input end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander and the output end of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander are hidden in the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander, and the high tightness of the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander is utilized to perform shaft sealing at two ends of the rotating shaft, so that the low-temperature working medium is prevented from leaking from the shaft sealing at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander.
Preferably, the upper heat-insulating shell and the lower heat-insulating shell of the heat-insulating shell are fastened through the flange and the bolt, a closed heat-insulating space is formed inside the upper heat-insulating shell, and a lubricating oil injection hole is formed in the top of the upper heat-insulating shell, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat-insulating space of the bearing and the bearing seat;
preferably, the heat insulation shell further comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline; clean and constant-temperature lubricating oil is provided for the bearing and the bearing seat; high-temperature and dirty lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell is output through a lubricating oil output pipeline, conveyed to a lubricating oil filter and a lubricating oil cooler for cooling, pressurized by a lubricating oil pump and conveyed to the bearing to form circulation;
Further, the lubricant filter, the lubricant cooler, and the lubricant pump are disposed outside the cylinder of the gas turbine or the expander; or the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged inside a cylinder body of the gas turbine or the expansion machine, and when the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged inside the cylinder body, a heat exchange pipeline is required to exchange heat with the outside so as to ensure the temperature of lubricating oil to be constant;
furthermore, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe inside the cylinder body of the gas turbine or the expander are arranged outside or inside the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander; the probe detects and interlocks the safety of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or the expander at any time.
It is worth noting that for the low-temperature power generation working medium with higher cost, the leakage of the power generation working medium at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or the expander device not only reduces the power generation efficiency and the leakage cost, but also has great trouble in the supplement of the low-temperature liquid working medium. In order to solve the problem of leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device, the applicant finds through years of research that the problem of leakage at two ends of the rotating shaft of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander device can be thoroughly solved by hiding the input end and the output end of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device into a cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium gas turbine or expander device and using the high tightness (up to nearly 100 percent of sealing) of the cylinder body. In addition, for other rotary mechanical equipment, the high-pressure fluid input end and the high-pressure fluid output end can also adopt the same sealing technology and method as the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment, so that the near-zero leakage of the shaft seal system of the equipment is realized and achieved; these also fall within the technical scope provided by the embodiments of the present invention.
In a ninth aspect, the embodiment of the present invention is to better explain the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation equipment, and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine or expander, which has practicability, novelty and creativity, and also provides a process for the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation equipment for better understanding; as recited in claim 10;
the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides an ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment, which comprise a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and a throttle valve which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the throttling valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form circulation;
the temperature of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is required to be obviously higher than the critical temperature of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine or the expander reaches or approaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium; according to the invention, the extremely low temperature liquid output by the low temperature liquid pump can be condensed by increasing the temperature of the exhaust steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low temperature working medium supercritical turbine, so that the extremely low temperature liquid can cool itself. The high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam discharged by the gas turbine is condensed into liquid by the ultralow-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump through improving the temperature and the pressure of the exhaust steam discharged by the gas turbine;
Furthermore, the low-temperature liquid storage tank is also provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device comprises the low-temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser and a second throttling valve or a second expansion machine which are sequentially connected; the compressor is independently arranged or is coaxially connected with the expander arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature liquid storage tank;
compared with the traditional steam turbine equipment, the exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical steam turbine or the expander exhaust pipeline reaches or is close to the critical temperature, so that the volume is simplified, the flutter and fracture probability caused by overlong traditional steam turbine blades is reduced, the faults are reduced, the reliability of the steam turbine equipment is improved, and the manufacturing cost of the steam turbine can be reduced.
And a high-efficiency low-temperature waste heat power generation system or waste heat equipment is realized through the synergistic effect of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment, the steam exhaust heat regenerator, the low-temperature liquid pump and the like. The power generation system does not need a cooling tower in the traditional Rankine cycle power generation system, and the high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam of the power generation system is cooled by adopting the exhaust steam heat regenerator and improving the temperature and the pressure of the exhaust steam and then extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump; the expansion machine is combined to realize more cryogenic reduction, so that the problem of condensation of exhaust steam of low-temperature working media such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, air and the like can be solved, and a gate is opened for realizing high-efficiency power generation of low-grade waste heat, hot water power generation and utilization of ultralow-temperature waste heat resources;
The higher the waste heat temperature is, the larger the mechanical energy output or the power generation output is; the system is not provided with a cooling tower system; almost no energy is discharged to the outside, so the efficiency of the waste heat power generation device is high.
Drawings
To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from the drawings without inventive efforts; this is easily done;
fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system with a throttle valve and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cryogenic ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system with the expander and the ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a cryogenic waste heat power generation system with a throttle valve, an expander and a coaxial compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cogeneration system with the expander, the cryogenic heat exchanger, the compressor, and the combustion system and the ultra-low temperature cogeneration apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a low temperature nitrogen conventional turbine with bearings outside the cylinder, the turbine having exhaust steam temperature as low as the normal boiling point of nitrogen (-196 deg.C) for reference and comparison;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine with the tail section of a conventional turbine "cut off" and the exhaust steam temperature at the output end reaching the critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 deg.C);
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas turbine apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which an input end bearing, an output end bearing, and a generator are disposed in a cylinder of the gas turbine apparatus;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine with a turbine device input end bearing, an output end bearing and a generator all placed in a gas turbine cylinder body and an output end exhaust steam temperature reaching a critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 ℃);
power generation section icon: 1-a cryogenic liquid storage tank; 2-a cryogenic liquid pump; 3-a dead steam regenerator; 301-low temperature pipeline of exhaust steam heat regenerator; 302-high temperature pipeline of exhaust steam regenerator; 4-a primary heat exchanger; 401 — low temperature main heat exchanger; 402-high temperature main heat exchanger or boiler; 5-low temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine; 6-a generator; 7-a throttle valve; 77-an expander; 78-coaxial compressor; 8-a generator; 9-a condenser; 10-a second throttle or second expander; 100-cryogenic liquid fuel storage; 110-a heat exchanger; 111-a controller;
Gas turbine section icon:
(other gas turbine equipment and the gas turbine are slightly different, and the characteristics of the embodiment of the invention are changed the same, and are not repeated and described)
20-turbine main steam line; 21-gas turbine exhaust duct; 101-a gas turbine shaft; 102-an insulating shell; 103-input end bearing and bearing seat; 104-a shaft seal; 105-a gas turbine equipment cylinder; 106-rotor impeller; 107-gas turbine diaphragm; 108-output shaft seal; 9-an output end heat insulation shell; 10-output end bearing and bearing seat; 11-a coupling; 12-a generator; 13-a third pipeline valve; 14-a third conduit outlet; 15-a second conduit outlet; 16-a second pipeline valve; 17-reserving space or pipeline at the output end; 18-reserving a heat insulation area at the output end; 19-reserving a heat insulation area at an input end; 22-insulating shell sealing; 23-reserving space or pipeline at the input end; 24-a first pipeline valve; 25-a first conduit outlet; 26-a lubricant output conduit; 27-a lubricating oil reservoir; 28-lube oil filter; 29-a lube oil cooler; 30-a lubricating oil pump; 31-a lubricating oil high pressure input pipeline; 32-output end heat insulation shell sealing;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system with a throttle valve and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device provided by an embodiment of the present invention; in fig. 1, the power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is liquid nitrogen (about-196 ℃), the pressure is increased by the low-temperature liquid pump 2, and the power generation working medium flows through the low-temperature pipeline 301 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and is conveyed to a low-temperature main heat exchanger 401 (such as a hot water heat exchanger) of the main heat exchanger 4 to be heated to above 0 ℃; the low-temperature power generation working medium liquid nitrogen absorbs heat to form high-pressure gas, the pressure reaches more than 3Mpa, and the high-pressure gas is input into and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine (or expander) 5 to rotate at a high speed to do work; outputting mechanical energy or driving the generator 6 to rotate at high speed to output electric energy; the temperature of the dead steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine 5 reaches or is close to the critical temperature (latent heat 0) of nitrogen at about-147 ℃, the pressure of the dead steam reaches about 1Mpa, liquid nitrogen at-196 ℃ output by a low-temperature liquid pump 2 (the pressure of the dead steam can be higher according to the requirement) is used for condensing the dead steam at the high temperature of about-147 ℃ into liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen is throttled and decompressed by a throttle valve 7 for refrigeration, and the liquid nitrogen at low temperature and low pressure is output and returned to a low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 for later;
Liquid nitrogen below about-196 ℃ in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is pressurized and conveyed to a low-temperature pipeline 301 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator through a low-temperature liquid pump 2, and absorbs high-pressure high-temperature exhaust steam heat energy of about-147 ℃ and about 1Mpa which is conveyed to a high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine 5, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is raised to about-148 ℃, and the liquid nitrogen is conveyed to the main heat exchanger 4 from an outlet of the low-temperature pipeline 301 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and is reheated to more than 0 ℃ to become high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen which drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine 5 to rotate at a high speed to do work, output mechanical energy or drive the generator 6 to generate electricity, and continuously circulate in.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cryogenic ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system with the expander and the ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is the only difference from fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the throttle valve 7 is replaced with an expander 77, and the expander 77 can use high-pressure fluid of about 1Mpa and pressure energy to do work (the steam exhaust pressure can be higher according to the requirement); high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine 5; the high-pressure fluid is conveyed to an expander 77, the fluid at the inlet of the expander 77 is high-pressure, the fluid at the outlet of the expander 77 is low-pressure, and liquid nitrogen with low pressure and low temperature is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 by throttling, pressure reduction and work application of the expander 77; because of the huge pressure difference between the input end and the output end of the expansion machine 77, the expansion machine 77 is driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy; the expander rotates at a high speed to do work outwards, so that the internal energy of the low-temperature working medium fluid is consumed, and the temperature of the low-temperature working medium fluid returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is lower; the temperature of the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 can be cooled more favorably, and the lower-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2 condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam in the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam can be condensed more favorably; meanwhile, the expansion machine 7 rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy;
FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system with a throttle valve, cryogenic expansion machine and cryogenic coaxial compressor and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device provided by the embodiment of the invention; on the basis of fig. 2 and 1, the expander 77 rotates at a high speed, and drives the coaxially connected compressor 78 to rotate at a high speed; the pipeline inlet of the compressor 78 is communicated with the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, gas evaporated in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1 is collected and compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gas, the high-pressure high-temperature gas is conveyed to the condenser 9 to be condensed into liquid, and after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration are carried out through the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine 10, low-pressure low-temperature liquid nitrogen is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 1, and the low-pressure low-temperature liquid nitrogen is continuously circulated in such a way to continuously cool the low-temperature liquid in;
the condenser 9 is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline 302 of the exhaust steam regenerator and the inlet of the expander 77, and inputs high-temperature energy generated by gas compressed by the compressor 78 and drives the expander 77 to rotate at a high speed, so as to output mechanical energy or drive the generator 8 to output electric energy; preferably, the generator 8 is an electric and power generation integrated machine; when the compressor 78 is started or the power is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine 8 drives the compressor 78 through the output power of the motor; when the output of the expansion 77 is larger than the requirement of the compressor 78, the electric power generation all-in-one machine 8 acts as a generator, and the mechanical energy output by the expansion is converted into electric energy to be output.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the cogeneration system with the expander, the cryogenic heat exchanger, the compressor, and the combustion system and the ultra-low temperature cogeneration apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
on the basis of fig. 3, a combustion system or a combustion system of low-temperature liquid fuel is further included, and the combustion system of low-temperature liquid fuel is composed of a low-temperature liquid fuel storage 100, a heat exchanger 110, a controller 111 and a high-temperature main heat exchanger or boiler 402 which are connected in sequence;
the LNG low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid fuel storage 100 is conveyed to the heat exchanger 110 through a pipeline to absorb ambient air heat energy or high-temperature exhaust steam heat energy, and forms combustible gas after gasification (the common normal-temperature fuel does not need the heat exchanger 110), and is controlled and adjusted by the controller 111 and conveyed to the boiler 402 to burn and heat the high-temperature main heat exchanger or the boiler 402, the temperature of a heated pipeline reaches more than 200 ℃, so that the low-temperature power generation working medium in the heated pipeline of the high-temperature main heat exchanger or the boiler 402 is gasified to form high pressure, and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine 5 is input and driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drive the generator 6 to rotate to;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a low temperature nitrogen conventional turbine with bearings outside the cylinder, the turbine having exhaust steam temperature as low as the normal boiling point of nitrogen (-196 deg.C) for reference and comparison;
As shown in fig. 5, in a conventional gas turbine plant, bearings at both ends of a gas turbine shaft 101, including an input end bearing and bearing housing 103, an output end bearing and bearing housing 10, a coupling 11 and a generator 12, are generally disposed outside a cylinder 105 of the gas turbine plant; shaft end sealing at two ends of a rotating shaft 101 of the gas turbine is realized by an input end shaft seal 104 and an output end shaft seal 108, and the traditional shaft seals comprise a tooth-shaped steam seal, a Braiden steam seal, a honeycomb steam seal, a brush steam seal, a flexible tooth steam seal and an elastic tooth steam seal; the leakage problem of the gas turbine still exists although the gas turbine is provided with a shaft seal, and the leakage amount of the gas seal of the existing large-scale gas turbine can reach more than 10 tons per hour. The leakage is also large, especially for the low-temperature liquid working medium with high cost, and the shaft end steam seal leakage is very painful.
In the low-temperature nitrogen working medium gas turbine of the traditional Rankine cycle shown in the figure 5, the temperature of input gas of a main steam pipeline 20 of the gas turbine is more than 0 ℃, the steam does work in gas turbine equipment, the temperature is continuously reduced, when the temperature is reduced to a-147 ℃ critical temperature position (latent heat is 0) marked in the figure 5, when the gas temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the nitrogen, latent heat begins to exist in dead steam, and the latent heat stored in the nitrogen is increased along with the reduction of the temperature of the dead steam, the temperature of an exhaust pipeline 21 of the gas turbine is reduced to-196 ℃ boiling point temperature of the nitrogen, and the latent heat reaches 199 kj/kg.
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a turbine with the tail section of a conventional turbine "cut off" and the exhaust steam temperature at the output end reaching the critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 deg.C);
the turbine input end, the front half part and the output end of the turbine body are the same as those of the traditional turbine, but the last-stage blades and the next-stage blades of the turbine are completely cut off, the temperature of exhaust steam output by an exhaust pipeline reaches or is slightly higher than the critical temperature of nitrogen (about-147 ℃), and the volume of the turbine equipment is also greatly reduced;
in fig. 6, the main steam pipeline 20 of the turbine still inputs (above 0 ℃) high-pressure nitrogen, the high-temperature high-pressure nitrogen energy is converted into mechanical energy rotating at high speed through the turbine body, the high-pressure nitrogen continuously acts in the turbine, the temperature and the pressure are also continuously reduced, when the temperature of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine is reduced to the critical temperature point of (-147 ℃) marked in fig. 5, the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine directly discharges (-147 ℃) waste steam from an exhaust pipeline, latent heat is 0, the waste steam is input to the inlet of the waste steam regenerator high-temperature pipeline 302 shown in fig. 1 and exchanges heat with extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2, and the high-temperature waste steam discharged by the turbine is condensed by the extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas turbine apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which an input end bearing, an output end bearing, and a generator are disposed in a cylinder of the gas turbine apparatus;
in order to solve the problem of leakage at two ends of a rotating shaft of a gas turbine device, the applicant discovers through research in recent 20 years that the problem of leakage at two ends of the rotating shaft of the gas turbine device is solved by hiding an input end and an output end of the gas turbine into a cylinder body of the gas turbine and using a highly-closed structure (up to 100% sealing) of the cylinder body of the gas turbine;
as shown in fig. 7, the high pressure inlet 20 and the top line a to the left are intended to mean the input of the turbine installation; between the main steam pipeline 20 and the exhaust steam pipeline 21 is the turbine equipment body, as shown in the middle part B between the line A and the line C; the steam exhaust pipeline 21 and the top line C to the right are the output end of the gas turbine equipment;
in the turbine shown in FIG. 7, the insulated casing 102 is divided into an upper insulated casing and a lower insulated casing (the lower insulated casing of the turbine is shown in FIG. 7); the lower heat insulation shell is arranged at the position of an end bearing of the rotating shaft 101 of the gas turbine, is arranged in the lower cylinder body and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder body of the gas turbine cylinder body 105; the input end bearing and the bearing seat 103 are arranged in the lower heat insulation shell of the heat insulation shell 102, support the weight of the turbine rotating shaft 101, and limit the axial movement of the turbine rotating shaft 101 by a thrust bearing; the contact position of the heat insulation shell 102 and the turbine rotating shaft 101 is provided with a heat insulation shell seal 22, and the heat insulation shell seal 22 prevents the bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell 102 from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal 22;
Optionally, a shaft seal 104 is further arranged between the high-pressure air inlet 20 and the input end, and optionally, a heat insulation region 19 is further arranged between the shaft seal 104 and the heat insulation housing 102, so as to isolate and reduce the high temperature input by the high-pressure main steam pipeline 20, and influence the heat insulation housing 102 and the input end bearing and the bearing seat 103 therein; since the upper and lower heat-insulating shells of the heat-insulating shell 102 are of a sealed structure and have the same pressure as the input pressure of the high-pressure gas inlet 20, the high-pressure gas input from the high-pressure gas inlet 20 is difficult to enter the heat-insulating shell 102. Also shaft seal 104 and insulated housing seal 22; two heat insulation shell seals 22 can be arranged, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas input by the main steam pipeline 20 can hardly enter the heat insulation shell seals, and meanwhile, lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell 102 can be prevented from being leaked out difficultly;
optionally, an input end reserved space or pipeline 23 is further provided between the insulation shell seal 22 and the input end reserved insulation area 19, the input end reserved space or pipeline 23 is isolated, and meanwhile, lubricating oil leaked from the insulation shell seal 22 is stored and discharged through a first pipeline valve 24 and a first pipeline outlet 25;
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, a lubricant oil output pipeline 26, a lubricant oil storage 27, a lubricant oil filter 28, a lubricant oil cooler 29, a lubricant oil pump 30 and a lubricant oil high-pressure input pipeline 31 which are connected with the heat insulation shell 102 are further arranged outside the heat insulation shell 102 and the lower cylinder 105, and sufficient, clean and low-temperature (temperature-controllable) lubricant oil is delivered into the heat insulation shell 102 through the lubricant oil high-pressure input pipeline 31 and is provided for the input-end bearing and the bearing seat 103, so that sufficient, clean and low-temperature lubricant oil is ensured; ensuring safe and stable operation of the input end bearing and bearing housing 103.
The lubricant reservoir 27, lubricant filter 28, lubricant cooler 29, which may be combined, then deliver lubricant to the bearings and bearing blocks 103 within the insulated housing 102 via lubricant pump 30 and lubricant high pressure input line 31;
the lube oil filter 28, lube oil cooler 29, and lube oil pump 30 may be provided outside the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine apparatus; when the lubricating oil cooler 29 is arranged in the cylinder body of the gas turbine, the lubricating oil cooler 29 is communicated with the outside through a pipeline, the heat of the lubricating oil in the cylinder body is transferred to the outside of the cylinder body through the medium flowing in the pipeline, and the lubricating oil is cooled by the heat exchanger and then returns to the inside of the cylinder body.
Preferably, both the input end and the output end of the gas turbine are placed inside the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine equipment, and the shaft end of the gas turbine rotating shaft 101 is sealed by the highly airtight structure (nearly 100% sealing) of the gas turbine cylinder, so as to avoid the leakage of high-pressure gas from the shaft seals at both ends of the gas turbine rotating shaft 101. The output end of the gas turbine comprises the following embodiments: an output end bearing and bearing housing 10 disposed at a location remote from the output end shaft seal 108; preferably, the output end is reserved with a heat insulation area 18; the bearing and the bearing seat 10 of the output end are arranged in the heat insulation shell 9 of the output end, the heat insulation shell 9 of the output end has the same structure as the input end and is divided into a lower heat insulation shell and an upper heat insulation shell, the lower heat insulation shell is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the cylinder 105 of the gas turbine equipment, the upper heat insulation shell and the lower heat insulation shell of the output end are fastened through flanges and bolts, and a closed heat insulation space is formed inside the upper heat insulation shell and the lower heat insulation shell; optionally, a lubricating oil injection hole is formed in the top of the upper heat insulation shell, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat insulation space between the bearing and the bearing seat 10; the specific implementation is the same as the input end, and redundant description is omitted; it should be noted that the output-side heat-insulating housing 9 and the rotating shaft 101 have two contact positions, and therefore, the output-side heat-insulating housing seals 32 have two contact positions, which are respectively arranged in contact with the rotating shaft 101 as shown in fig. 3; the output end heat insulation shell seal 32 prevents the bearing lubricating oil in the output end heat insulation shell 9 from leaking outwards from the output end heat insulation shell seal 32; the shaft end of the output end gas turbine rotating shaft 101 is also provided with a shaft coupling 11 for coupling with the rotating shaft of the generator 12, so that the generator 12 is convenient to overhaul and replace;
Optionally, the output end reserved space or pipeline 17 is respectively arranged in the lower cylinder 105 at two sides of the output end heat insulation shell 9, stores the leaked lubricating oil from the output end heat insulation shell seal 32, and discharges the leaked lubricating oil through the second pipeline valve 16 and the third pipeline valve 13; the output side generator 12 generates electric power, which is led out through a terminal provided in the cylinder block 105 of the gas turbine equipment, and does not affect the sealing performance of the gas turbine.
The high-pressure main steam pipeline 20 of the gas turbine and the exhaust pipeline 21 of the gas turbine are fastened by adopting flanges and screws with excellent sealing performance, and leakage cannot occur, so that the gas turbine equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention has multiple sealing measures. It should be noted that the sealing system for a rotating shaft provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also adopt the same sealing technology and method as those of the gas turbine equipment for other rotating mechanical equipment, such as a high-pressure gas input end and a high-pressure gas output end, so as to achieve and achieve near-zero leakage of the sealing system for the rotating shaft, and the sealing system also belongs to the category. The technology is relatively independent and has independent technical characteristics, and when the technology is cited, the applicant needs to obtain approval.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine with a turbine device input end bearing, an output end bearing and a generator all placed in a gas turbine cylinder body and an output end exhaust steam temperature reaching a critical temperature of nitrogen (-147 ℃);
in fig. 8, the sealing performance (up to nearly 100%) of the system using the cylinder block of the gas turbine engine equipment for shaft end sealing can be nearly zero leakage as in fig. 7; the low-temperature power generation working medium is close to zero leakage, so that the loss of the low-temperature power generation working medium with high cost can be reduced, and the overall power generation efficiency of the power generation system and the power system can be improved;
as shown in fig. 8, when the temperature of the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine provided in the embodiment of the present invention is reduced to the critical temperature of the power generation working medium nitrogen (about-147 ℃, latent heat is 0), the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine does not continue to work, but directly discharges the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine through the exhaust duct 21, at this time, the exhaust steam has no latent heat, the latent heat is 0, and the latent heat changes into sensible heat. Then condensing the high-temperature exhaust steam with critical temperature by using extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen output by the low-temperature liquid pump 2; therefore, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine has the advantages of small volume, strong power and low cost; meanwhile, the gate is opened for realizing low-grade heat energy power generation, hot water power generation, hot air power generation and ultralow temperature waste heat resource utilization;
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow temperature waste heat power generation equipment are characterized by comprising a low-temperature liquid storage tank, a low-temperature liquid pump, a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam heat regenerator, a main heat exchanger, a low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and a throttle valve which are sequentially communicated; the outlet of the throttling valve is connected with the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank to form circulation;
the low-temperature liquid storage tank is provided with a pressure limiting valve safety valve protection device and a pressure container for storing a low-temperature working medium with high-efficiency heat preservation and heat insulation; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid power generation working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure;
the low-temperature liquid pump is a driving device for improving the pressure of the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium; the low-temperature liquid pump is arranged between the low-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;
The main heat exchanger is a main device for exchanging heat with a heat source and is arranged between the outlet of the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine;
the main heat exchanger is divided into a low-temperature main heat exchanger and/or a high-temperature main heat exchanger; the low-temperature main heat exchanger comprises any one or more of a hot water heat exchanger, a condenser, a cooler, an air duct heat exchanger, an air heat exchanger, an equipment cooler, a low-temperature waste heat exchanger and an ultralow-temperature waste heat exchanger; the high-temperature main heat exchanger comprises any one or more of a medium-high temperature waste heat exchanger, a boiler and a waste heat boiler;
the inlet of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the outlet of the main heat exchanger, and the outlet of the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is connected with the inlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator;
the temperature of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipe of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is obviously higher than the critical temperature of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches or is slightly higher than the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium;
the pressure of high-pressure gas input by a main steam pipe of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is obviously higher than the critical pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium; the pressure of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches or approaches to the critical pressure of the low-temperature power generation working medium;
The high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator exchange heat fully to form an exhaust steam heat regenerator with efficient heat exchange; the exhaust steam heat regenerator is independently arranged or combined with the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine;
the throttle valve is a throttling and pressure reducing device, and the throttling and pressure reducing device comprises but is not limited to a throttle valve, a stop valve and an expansion valve;
the low-temperature power generation working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is pressurized by a low-temperature liquid pump; the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is conveyed and driven to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy after the high-temperature high-pressure gas is formed by flowing through a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and conveying the high-temperature high-pressure gas into the main heat exchanger to absorb external heat energy and rapidly expand the volume; the temperature of the exhaust steam discharged by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine reaches the critical temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium, so that the extremely low-temperature liquid output by the low-temperature liquid pump condenses the high-temperature exhaust steam at the critical temperature;
the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine belongs to a rotary power machine for converting high-temperature and high-pressure gas energy into mechanical power, and is also called as a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine comprises but is not limited to a gas turbine, a pneumatic machine, a gas screw expander and a gas turbine expander;
The structure of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment needs to meet the physical characteristics of density, components, temperature and pressure of a low-temperature power generation working medium;
the low-temperature parts of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine need to be made of low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenite low-temperature steel and ferrite low-temperature steel.
2. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising an expander or a turbine, wherein the expander or the turbine is arranged between the outlet of the high temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the inlet of the low temperature liquid storage tank; the expander or the turbine is a throttling depressurization device, including but not limited to a turbine expander and a screw expander, wherein the inlet of the expander or the turbine is high-pressure, the outlet of the expander or the turbine is low-pressure, and the expander or the turbine rotates at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drives a generator to output electric energy;
the expander or the turbine consumes the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid to do work outwards while realizing throttling and pressure reduction, and the expander or the turbine realizes deeper refrigeration of the high-pressure fluid flowing through the expander or the turbine while doing work outwards and returns the low-temperature working medium liquid with lower temperature to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby;
The expansion machine is independently provided with or closes a throttle valve, all high-pressure fluid enters the expansion machine to do work, the high-pressure fluid realizes throttling and pressure reduction through the expansion machine, internal energy of the high-pressure gas is consumed to do work outwards and realize deep cooling, and the dead steam liquid returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank to be stored for later use; meanwhile, mechanical energy is output or the generator is driven to rotate to output electric energy;
preferably, the expander is provided simultaneously with the throttle valve; the expansion machine and the throttle valve are in parallel connection and are jointly arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam heat regenerator and the inlet of the low-temperature liquid storage tank;
further, when the high-pressure steam exhaust fluid output by the high-temperature pipeline outlet of the steam exhaust heat regenerator is in a gas-liquid mixed state, preferably, the high-pressure liquid is throttled and depressurized by the throttle valve and then returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage; throttling and depressurizing the high-pressure gas through the expander, consuming internal energy of the high-pressure gas to do work and deep cooling at the same time, and returning the waste steam liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage; meanwhile, mechanical energy is output or the generator is driven to rotate to output electric energy;
further, a gas-liquid separator is arranged between the throttle valve inlet and the expander inlet, and liquid output by the gas-liquid separator is communicated with the throttle valve inlet; the high-pressure gas output by the gas-liquid separator is input and drives the expansion machine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy or drive a generator to output electric energy; and when doing work, consuming the internal energy of the high-pressure fluid, and returning the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby.
3. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device as claimed in claims 1-2, wherein the low temperature liquid storage tank is further provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device comprises the low temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttle valve or a second expander or a turbine which are connected in sequence; the compressor is independently arranged or coaxially connected with the expander; or a set of electric power generation integrated machine is coaxially connected to the rotating shafts of the expander and the compressor which are coaxially connected;
when the compressor is started or the power of the compressor is insufficient, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is a motor, and consumes electric energy to output power to drive the compressor; when the mechanical energy output by the expansion machine is larger than the power demand of the compressor, the electric power generation all-in-one machine is a generator, and the redundant mechanical energy generated by the high-speed rotation of the expansion machine is converted into electric energy to be output;
preferably, the compressor and the expander are coaxially connected into a whole device; the expander rotates at a high speed to drive the compressor which is coaxially connected to rotate at a high speed; the compressor absorbs and compresses low-temperature gas evaporated from a low-temperature liquid storage tank, and heat energy generated by the compressed gas of the compressor is released into low-temperature working medium fluid at the front end of an inlet of the expander through a condenser arranged between an outlet of a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the expander;
When the expander is arranged independently, the condenser is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the dead steam regenerator and the inlet of the expander; when the throttle valve is arranged in the system, the condenser is arranged between the high-pressure gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator and the expander;
the high-temperature end of the condenser exchanges heat with the high-pressure fluid at the inlet end of the expander, and the low-temperature end of the condenser exchanges heat with the high-pressure fluid at the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam regenerator; one end of the condenser connected with the outlet of the compressor is a high-temperature end of the condenser;
the gas evaporated from the low-temperature liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank carries a large amount of latent heat of vaporization, is collected by the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank and is conveyed to the compressor by a pipeline, then is compressed by the compressor and passes through the condenser, so that the high-pressure gas is condensed into liquid, and then returns to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after throttling, pressure-reducing and refrigerating by the second throttling valve or the second expansion machine;
preferably, when a second expander is used for realizing throttling pressure reduction work and realizing more deep cooling, the inlet of the second expander is high-pressure fluid, the outlet of the second expander is low-pressure fluid, the second expander or the turbine is driven to rotate at a high speed to do work and output mechanical energy, the high-pressure fluid flowing through the second expander or the turbine is refrigerated more deeply, and the lower-temperature liquid is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby; further, a second expander is coaxially connected with a second compressor, the second compressor is a supercharger and is arranged between the compressor and the condenser; the pressure of the fluid working medium in the condenser is increased.
4. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein the cooling device or the compression and condensation system further has a technical scheme for increasing the gas density in the low temperature liquid storage tank, and the technical scheme is characterized in that the output pressure of the expander is increased by increasing the pressure of the exhaust steam discharged by the exhaust pipeline of the low temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, so that the gas density in the low temperature liquid storage tank is increased;
enabling the compressor to continuously compress the high-density gas in the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and reducing the high-density gas into liquid after the energy is released by the condenser; and returning the low-temperature liquid to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after throttling and pressure reduction by a second throttling valve, a second expansion machine or a turbine.
5. The ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation equipment as claimed in claims 1 to 4, wherein the main heat exchanger is provided with a low temperature main heat exchanger, and the low temperature main heat exchanger exchanges heat with low temperature waste heat resources and ultra-low temperature waste heat resources sufficiently;
the low-temperature waste heat resources and the ultralow-temperature waste heat resources comprise any one or more of various hot water resources, condensers, coolers, geothermal resources, low-temperature flue heat exchangers, equipment radiators, air heat exchangers and solar photo-thermal heat exchangers;
Preferably, the main heat exchanger is also provided with a high-temperature main heat exchanger, and the high-temperature main heat exchanger exchanges heat with high-temperature waste heat resources; the high-temperature waste heat resources comprise any one or a plurality of combinations of incinerator, internal combustion engine tail gas, high-temperature flue gas waste heat, high-temperature furnace slag waste heat, cement kiln waste heat, float glass waste heat, petrochemical high-temperature waste heat and smelting industry high-temperature slag waste heat;
after the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium in the low-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline and/or the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline absorbs high-temperature heat energy generated by the ultralow-temperature waste heat, the low-temperature waste heat, the medium-temperature waste heat, the high-temperature waste heat resource or the solar photo-thermal resource, the low-temperature power generation working medium absorbs heat to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input to and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives;
furthermore, a combustion system is also included; the system consists of a fuel storage, a controller and a boiler which are communicated in sequence; the boiler consists of a burner and the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline;
the fuel in the fuel storage is regulated and controlled by the controller and then is conveyed to a burner of the boiler to be combusted, and the generated high-temperature heat energy heats the pipeline of the high-temperature main heat exchanger; the low-temperature power generation working medium in the high-temperature main heat exchanger pipeline is heated at high temperature to form high-temperature high-pressure gas, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at high speed to output mechanical energy outwards or drives a generator to rotate at high speed to output electric energy outwards;
The fuel comprises any one or more of industrial combustible waste solid, combustible waste gas, household garbage, leaves and straws, waste tires and methane;
furthermore, a low-temperature main heat exchanger is arranged outside the high-temperature main heat exchanger and/or the boiler flue, the low-temperature main heat exchanger fully absorbs heat energy generated by combustion of combustible gas in the boiler, and the heat energy generated by combustion of the combustible gas is fully utilized to do work and generate electricity;
furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger also exchanges heat with other heating equipment, so that the heat energy of other heating equipment is fully absorbed, and meanwhile, the other heating equipment is cooled;
furthermore, the low-temperature main heat exchanger and hot air or solar photo-thermal energy in the environment are utilized, the extremely low-temperature power generation working medium absorbs heat energy and/or solar heat energy in the air in the environment to do work, and the power generation efficiency and output of the system are further improved.
6. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation device as claimed in claims 1 to 5, wherein the low temperature liquid storage tank is a pressure vessel for low temperature liquid storage with safety valve protection measures and good heat insulation performance; the stored working medium is a low-temperature liquid working medium with the boiling point temperature lower than zero degree centigrade under the standard atmospheric pressure; the low-temperature liquid working medium comprises any one or a plurality of combinations of carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, liquid nitrogen, liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid hydrogen, liquid helium and a low-temperature refrigerant;
The low-temperature liquid storage tank, the low-temperature liquid pump, the exhaust steam heat regenerator, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine, the throttle valve and the expansion machine are arranged in the low-temperature liquid storage tank; the low-temperature liquid fuel storage device, the low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature components and the corresponding connecting pipelines are low-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to austenitic low-temperature steel and ferritic low-temperature steel;
the low-temperature equipment or the low-temperature component and the corresponding connecting pipeline are also wrapped by a heat insulating layer; the thermal insulation layer has good thermal insulation performance, and comprises vacuum thermal insulation, aerogel, foam materials, fiber materials, glass wool and high-silicon cotton;
further, the device also comprises a cold box, wherein the cold box is made of a high-heat-insulation material, and the low-temperature equipment is placed in the cold box; the cold box is also provided with an isolation; the cold box is insulated from the external environment by a highly insulated enclosure, and the insulation is again insulated and isolated from the cryogenic equipment at different temperatures.
7. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a gas turbine sealed by a gas turbine cylinder, wherein the gas turbine is composed of a stationary part and a rotating part; the gas turbine cylinder body shaft seal system comprises an input end shaft seal system and an output end shaft seal system;
The input end shaft seal system of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine comprises an input end cylinder body, an input end bearing, a bearing seat, an input end rotating shaft and a main steam pipeline;
the input end bearing and the bearing seat comprise a support bearing and a thrust bearing;
a heat insulation shell is arranged outside the input end bearing and the bearing seat; the insulated shell is divided into an upper insulated shell and a lower insulated shell; the lower heat insulation shell is arranged in a lower cylinder at the position of the input end bearing and the bearing seat and is tightly combined with the lower cylinder of the gas turbine; the input end bearing and the bearing seat are arranged in a lower heat insulation shell in a lower cylinder of the gas turbine;
the lower heat insulation shell and the upper heat insulation shell are provided with flanges, and the lower heat insulation shell and the inner cavity of the upper heat insulation shell form a closed heat insulation space through the fastening of the flanges and bolts; the input end rotating shaft, the input end bearing, the bearing seat and lubricating oil are sealed in a heat insulation space formed by the heat insulation shell;
the heat insulation shell wraps the contact position of the input end rotating shaft, and a heat insulation shell seal is further arranged, and the heat insulation shell seal prevents bearing lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell from leaking outwards from the heat insulation shell seal.
8. An ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation apparatus as claimed in claim 7, and the turbine apparatus, wherein the upper and lower heat insulating cases of the heat insulating case are fastened by the flange and the bolt, a closed heat insulating space is formed inside, and a lubricating oil injection hole is provided at the top of the upper heat insulating case, so that lubricating oil is injected into the heat insulating space of the bearing and the bearing housing;
the heat insulation shell also comprises a lubricating oil output pipeline, a lubricating oil filter, a lubricating oil cooler and a lubricating oil pump which are connected with the heat insulation shell; the low-temperature high-pressure lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil pump is conveyed to the bearing and the bearing seat in the heat insulation shell through a lubricating oil input pipeline; clean low-temperature lubricating oil is provided for the bearing and the bearing seat; high-temperature and dirty lubricating oil in the heat insulation shell is output through a lubricating oil output pipeline, conveyed to a lubricating oil filter and a lubricating oil cooler for cooling, pressurized by a lubricating oil pump and conveyed to the bearing to form circulation;
the lubricant filter, the lubricant cooler, and the lubricant pump are disposed outside a cylinder block of the gas turbine; or the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body of the gas turbine, and when the lubricating oil cooling device is arranged in the cylinder body, a heat exchange pipeline is required to exchange heat with the outside so as to ensure the temperature of the lubricating oil to be constant;
Preferably, a lubricating oil temperature probe, a lubricating oil pressure probe, a lubricating oil quantity probe and a pressure probe inside the cylinder body of the gas turbine are further arranged inside or outside the cylinder body of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine equipment;
preferably, a shaft seal is further arranged between the main steam pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine and the heat insulation shell at the input end; preferably, an input end reserved space or a pipeline is further arranged between the heat insulation shell and the main steam pipeline, the input end reserved space or the pipeline is arranged in the lower cylinder, lubricating oil leaked from the sealing position of the heat insulation shell is stored, and the leaked dirty lubricating oil is discharged through a first pipeline valve.
9. The ultra-low temperature cogeneration system and ultra-low temperature cogeneration apparatus of claims 7-8, and said gas turbine apparatus, wherein said gas turbine output comprises a gas turbine exhaust duct, an output cylinder, an output bearing and bearing housing, a coupling, and a generator; the gas turbine hides an output end bearing, a bearing seat, a coupler and a generator in an output end cylinder body of the gas turbine;
The input end of the gas turbine and the output end of the gas turbine are hidden in the gas turbine cylinder, shaft seals at two ends of a rotating shaft are carried out by utilizing a highly closed structure of the gas turbine cylinder, and low-temperature working media are prevented from leaking from the shaft seals at two ends of the rotating shaft of the gas turbine.
10. A process of an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and an ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation apparatus, which is applied to the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation system and the ultra-low temperature waste heat power generation apparatus as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the gas turbine; the method comprises the following steps:
for example, the low-temperature liquid working medium stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is liquid nitrogen or liquid air with the boiling point temperature lower than-196 ℃ under the standard atmospheric pressure, the high pressure is added through the low-temperature liquid pump, so that the pressure of the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium reaches more than 3Mpa, the low-temperature liquid power generation working medium flows through a low-temperature pipeline of an exhaust steam regenerator and is conveyed into the low-temperature main heat exchanger to fully exchange heat with ultralow-temperature waste heat resources or hot water with the temperature of more than 30 ℃, and the temperature of nitrogen reaches more than; the low-temperature liquid nitrogen power generation working medium absorbs the energy of hot water and then is gasified to form high-pressure gas, and the high-pressure gas is input and drives the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine to rotate at a high speed to do work; outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to rotate at a high speed to output electric energy;
The temperature of the dead steam output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine reaches the critical temperature of about-147 ℃ of the liquid nitrogen; condensing high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam which is output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and reaches the critical temperature by adopting extremely low-temperature liquid output by a low-temperature liquid pump and liquid nitrogen or liquid air with the temperature lower than-196 ℃; the high-temperature exhaust steam and extremely low-temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air below minus 196 ℃ fully exchange heat in the exhaust steam heat regenerator; after losing heat energy, the high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam reaching the critical temperature is condensed into low-temperature and high-pressure liquid nitrogen or liquid air, and after throttling, pressure reduction and refrigeration are carried out by the throttle valve, the low-temperature and low-pressure liquid nitrogen or liquid air is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank for storage and standby;
liquid nitrogen or liquid air stored in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is pressurized by the low-temperature liquid pump at a temperature lower than-196 ℃, is conveyed into a low-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator to perform sufficient heat exchange with a high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, and absorbs high-temperature high-pressure exhaust steam heat energy which is discharged by a low-temperature working medium supercritical turbine and reaches or approaches to a critical temperature of-147 ℃; the extremely low temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air output by the low temperature liquid pump absorbs the heat energy of the high temperature exhaust steam reaching or approaching the critical temperature, the temperature is raised to about-150 ℃, and the exhaust steam heat regenerator stores the heat exchange temperature difference of the metal pipe wall at the temperature of more than 0.5 ℃; the low-temperature power generation working medium at about-150 ℃ is conveyed to the low-temperature main heat exchanger from the low-temperature pipeline outlet of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, and fully exchanges heat with the ultralow-temperature waste heat resources at about more than 30 ℃, and the temperature of the low-temperature power generation working medium reaches more than 0 ℃; then, the high-temperature main heat exchanger is heated to be higher than 200 ℃ by the low-temperature power generation working medium through sufficient heat exchange with the high-temperature waste heat resource, the higher the temperature is, the larger the power generation output is, high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen or high-pressure air is formed, the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is input and driven to rotate at a high speed to do work, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy; the circulation is continued;
Preferably, the high-pressure exhaust steam reaching or approaching the critical temperature is output by the exhaust pipeline of the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine; an expander is further arranged at an outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator, a high-pressure fluid is input into an input port of the expander, and liquid nitrogen or liquid air which is low-temperature and low-pressure is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank after throttling and pressure reduction are carried out on the high-pressure fluid through the expander;
the large pressure difference exists between the input end and the output end of the expansion machine, so that the expansion machine is driven to rotate at a high speed, and mechanical energy is output or a generator is driven to output electric energy; the expander does work outwards due to high-speed rotation, so that internal energy stored in the low-temperature working medium fluid is consumed, and the temperature of the low-temperature working medium returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank is lower; the low-temperature liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank can be kept at a low temperature, and the low-temperature liquid pump outputs lower-temperature liquid nitrogen or liquid air, so that high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust steam output by the low-temperature working medium supercritical gas turbine is condensed;
further, the low-temperature liquid storage tank is also provided with a cooling device, and the cooling device comprises the low-temperature liquid storage tank, a compressor, a condenser, a second throttling valve or a second expansion machine which are sequentially connected; the expander rotates at a high speed, is coaxially connected with and drives the compressor to rotate at a high speed, the inlet of the compressor is communicated with the top of the low-temperature liquid storage tank, and gas evaporated in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is collected, compressed into high-pressure high-temperature gas and conveyed to the condenser for condensation;
The condenser is arranged between the outlet of the high-temperature pipeline of the exhaust steam heat regenerator and the expander, and releases heat energy generated by the compressor into a low-temperature working medium at the input front end of the expander so as to absorb heat and gasify the low-temperature working medium; inputting and driving the expansion machine to do work, and outputting mechanical energy or driving a generator to output electric energy; the outlet of the condenser is connected with a second expansion valve or a second expansion machine, the low-pressure and low-temperature liquid is returned to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through throttling, pressure-reducing and refrigerating of the second expansion valve or the second expansion machine, and the low-temperature power generation working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is circulated in such a way to be cooled continuously;
the low-temperature main heat exchanger and/or the high-temperature main heat exchanger are main equipment for externally absorbing heat source energy; the low-temperature main heat exchanger absorbs the heat energy of a low-temperature heat source, and comprises but is not limited to any one or more of various hot water resources, condensers, coolers, geothermal resources, low-temperature flue heat exchangers, equipment radiators, air heat exchangers and solar photo-thermal heat exchangers;
preferably, a high-temperature main heat exchanger is further arranged, and the high-temperature main heat exchanger absorbs heat energy of a medium-high temperature heat source; including but not limited to any one or more of incinerator, internal combustion engine tail gas, high temperature flue gas waste heat, high temperature slag waste heat, cement kiln waste heat, float glass waste heat, petrochemical industry high temperature waste heat, and smelting industry high temperature slag waste heat; the higher the temperature of the heat source is, the larger the power generation output is, and the system is suitable for low-temperature waste heat power generation and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation, but is more suitable for power generation systems and equipment of medium-temperature waste heat and high-temperature waste heat; the method can be widely applied to the fields of steel industry, petrochemical industry, building material industry, cement industry, nonferrous metal industry, sugar industry, paper industry, glass industry, coking industry, solar photo-thermal power generation and the like; because the system does not release energy to the outside, the ultralow temperature waste heat power generation system has low temperature and high effective heat efficiency.
CN201910426760.1A 2019-05-21 2019-05-21 Ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation system and ultralow-temperature waste heat power generation equipment Pending CN111980766A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023040188A1 (en) * 2021-09-18 2023-03-23 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 Zero-carbon cold power generator and power generation method therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023040188A1 (en) * 2021-09-18 2023-03-23 成都佳灵绿色能源有限责任公司 Zero-carbon cold power generator and power generation method therefor

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