CN111980739A - Intelligent coal caving control device and method for thick coal seam fully mechanized caving mining support - Google Patents
Intelligent coal caving control device and method for thick coal seam fully mechanized caving mining support Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent coal caving control device and method for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam, relates to the technical field of underground mining methods, and solves the technical problems of complex structure, low coal caving quality and the like of a coal caving control system. The coal caving control device comprises a coal caving mechanism, a coal conveying mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the coal caving mechanism is arranged at the rear part of the fully mechanized caving hydraulic support, comprises a hydraulic pipeline, a lifting plunger, a coal caving port lifting plate and a coal caving amount sensor and is used for controlling coal caving and monitoring the coal output volume; the coal conveying structure is arranged below the hydraulic support, comprises a scraper conveyor and a pressure sensor and is used for conveying coal gangue and monitoring weight; the control mechanism comprises a computer, an electro-hydraulic controller and a control cable and is used for monitoring and judging the coal caving quality and controlling the coal caving. After the device is used for setting the gangue content of coal, the opening and closing of the coal discharge port are judged and adjusted by combining the monitoring data of the coal discharge quantity sensor and the pressure sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining methods, in particular to an intelligent coal caving control device and method for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam.
Background
In coal mining, the mine yield and the reserve of a thick coal seam (the thickness is more than or equal to 3.5m) occupy a large share, and the coal seam is a main coal seam for high-yield and high-efficiency mining and has the advantage of resource reserve. With the development of thick coal seam mining, caving coal mining and large mining height mining technologies are rapidly developed and widely applied.
At present, mining methods for ultra-thick coal seams mainly comprise a large mining height one-time mining full-thickness fully-mechanized coal mining method, a fully-mechanized top coal caving method and a layered mining method, wherein the fully-mechanized top coal caving method is widely applied to coal mine production. The fully mechanized top coal caving method is a coal mining method that a working face with the mining height of about 3m is arranged at the lower part of a thick coal seam, the coal body at the upper part of the working face is fractured and crushed under the action of the front supporting pressure along with the propulsion of the working face, and the coal is caving and discharged near the top cutting line at the tail part of a support. The coal mining method can improve the production efficiency and greatly improve the economic benefit. However, when the mining method is actually used, a plurality of problems still exist, which mainly show that the actual recovery rate is not high during the operation of top coal caving, resource waste is easy to cause, and a large amount of gangue is often mixed in the discharged coal, so that the coal quality is reduced. Secondly, the existing comprehensive releasing and mining process needs a large amount of manual assistance, which is not beneficial to realizing intelligent coal mining.
In the prior art:
patent document 1 (chinese patent CN109856631A) discloses an intelligent coal caving method based on real-time monitoring of variation in top coal thickness, and belongs to the technical field of automatic mining of fully mechanized caving faces. And monitoring the thickness information of the top coal in real time by using an ultra-wideband radar and a laser three-dimensional scanning technology, and automatically adjusting the opening and closing of the coal discharge port according to the variation of the thickness of the top coal. In the method, when the crushed top coal collapses and moves at the rear end of the support, the thickness of the top coal is dynamically changed, and coal is continuously discharged from the coal discharge port of the support. The coal caving form of the top coal is complex, and a large amount of gangue is often doped in the coal to be discharged, so that the coal caving quality is reduced.
Patent document 2 (chinese patent CN109763823B) discloses an automatic coal caving control system and method, which can determine the timing of a large amount of gangue rushing to a coal caving port, thereby accurately determining the opening and closing timing of the coal caving port, so that the extraction rate of top coal is high and the gangue content is low. However, in the implementation process of the system, a large number of coal and gangue interface sensors need to be drilled and distributed in the top coal of the working face, so that the workload of field construction is large, and the system has high danger.
Therefore, the existing fully-mechanized top coal caving process needs to be further improved, and the intelligent coal caving control device and method for the thick coal seam fully-mechanized top coal caving support are provided to meet the requirements of fully-mechanized top coal mining.
Disclosure of Invention
In the existing fully-mechanized top coal caving process, coal caving conditions are generally judged by monitoring the thickness change of a coal bed above a working face or the interface change of coal and gangue, and the coal caving time is determined according to the monitoring of the coal bed, so that the coal caving control system has a complex structure, a large number of sensors need to be installed above a support, and the danger is high; in addition, because the existing coal discharging port is fixed in shape, the coal discharging shape of the top coal is complex, and a large amount of gangue is easily doped in the discharged coal, so that the coal discharging quality is reduced.
The invention provides an intelligent coal caving control device and method for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam, aiming at solving the technical problems of complex structure and low coal caving quality of a coal caving control system.
An intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam comprises a coal caving mechanism, a coal conveying mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the coal caving mechanism is arranged at the rear part of a fully mechanized caving hydraulic support, and the coal conveying mechanism is arranged below the fully mechanized caving hydraulic support and used for conveying coal gangue discharged; the control mechanism monitors the coal discharge volume and the weight of the conveyed coal gangue and controls the coal discharge mechanism to adjust the coal discharge amount; the coal caving mechanism comprises a hydraulic pipeline, lifting movable columns, a coal caving opening lifting plate and a coal caving amount sensor, the hydraulic pipeline is connected with the lifting movable columns, the lifting movable columns are arranged on two sides of the coal caving opening lifting plate, and the coal caving amount sensor is arranged on the side surface of the coal caving opening; the hydraulic pipeline is also connected with the control mechanism, and the coal discharge quantity sensor transmits the monitoring value of the coal discharge volume to the control mechanism; the coal conveying mechanism comprises a scraper conveyor and pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are arranged at intervals in the conveying direction of the scraper conveyor, the pressure sensors are connected with the control mechanism through data transmission cables, and the monitoring values of the weight of the coal and gangue conveyed by the scraper conveyor are transmitted to the control mechanism; the control mechanism comprises a computer, an electro-hydraulic controller and a control cable, wherein the computer receives and processes the coal caving volume information and the conveyed coal and gangue weight information, and judges the coal and gangue content of the coal caving; the computer controls the electro-hydraulic controller to adjust the lifting plunger according to the gangue content, and the coal discharge port lifting plate controls the opening and closing of the coal discharge port.
Preferably, the coal caving amount sensor is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through an independent information transmission cable, and the pressure sensor is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through a data transmission cable.
It is also preferable that the scraper conveyor is disposed below the coal discharge port, and the pressure sensor is disposed below the scraper conveyer trough.
An intelligent coal caving control method for thick coal seam fully mechanized caving mining utilizes the intelligent coal caving control device for thick coal seam fully mechanized caving mining, and comprises the following steps:
step A, setting a gangue content range of the coal discharge according to mine mining conditions, and recording the gangue content range into a computer;
b, receiving the coal discharge volume monitoring information and the weight monitoring information of the conveyed coal gangue by the computer, processing to obtain the density of the conveyed coal gangue, judging the actual coal gangue content of the coal gangue on the tube plate conveyor according to the density, and comparing the actual coal gangue content with the coal gangue content range;
and C, the computer adjusts the lifting plunger and the coal discharge port lifting plate through the electro-hydraulic controller to control the opening and closing of the coal discharge port.
Preferably, when the actual gangue content is larger than the maximum value of the gangue content range, the computer controls the lifting plunger to act to drive the coal discharge port lifting plate to reduce the coal discharge port or close the coal discharge port; and when the actual gangue content is smaller than the minimum value of the gangue content range, the computer controls the lifting plunger to move to drive the coal discharge port lifting plate to increase the coal discharge port.
The intelligent coal caving control device and method for fully mechanized caving mining of the thick coal seam provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: (1) the intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of the thick coal seam only needs to be transformed at the rear part of the fully mechanized caving hydraulic support, and in addition, the coal conveying mechanism and the control mechanism are both installed under the protection of the hydraulic support, so the device has simple structure, low cost and stronger operability; (2) the coal caving control method controls the coal caving by controlling the opening and closing degree of the coal caving port in real time, thereby improving the coal caving quality of the fully mechanized top coal caving, realizing automatic control and adjusting the gangue content of the coal caving. In addition, the mode of controlling coal caving can ensure safe and efficient production of the working face, reduce the working face and improve the intelligent level of a mine, and has important significance for development of coal mining.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam;
FIG. 2 is a key flow chart of an intelligent coal caving control method for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam;
in the figure: 1-hydraulic pipeline, 2-lifting movable column, 3-coal caving port lifting plate, 4-coal caving amount sensor, 5-scraper conveyor, 6-pressure sensor, 7-computer, 8-electrohydraulic controller and 9-control cable.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam provided by the invention is explained with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The utility model provides a thick seam is fully mechanized and is put mining intelligence coal caving controlling means, concrete structure includes coal caving mechanism, fortune coal mechanism and control mechanism, and coal caving mechanism disposes in the rear portion of fully mechanized hydraulic support, and fortune coal structure sets up and puts the hydraulic support below the fully mechanized coal and carry the coal gangue of giving out, and control mechanism monitors the weight of coal caving volume and transport coal gangue to control coal caving mechanism adjustment coal caving volume. This thick seam is fully mechanized and is put exploitation intelligence coal caving controlling means only need reform transform at the rear portion of fully mechanized hydraulic support, transports coal mechanism and control mechanism in addition and all installs under hydraulic support's protection, so the device's structure is simple with the family, low cost, and maneuverability is stronger.
The coal discharging mechanism comprises a hydraulic pipeline 1, a lifting plunger 2, a coal discharging port lifting plate 3 and a coal discharging quantity sensor 4, the hydraulic pipeline 1 is connected with the lifting plunger 2, an electro-hydraulic controller 8 controls the pressure in the hydraulic pipeline, and the lifting plungers 2 are arranged on two sides of the coal discharging port lifting plate, so that the opening and closing degree of the coal discharging port can be flexibly adjusted, and the coal discharging quantity and the coal flow form can be further controlled; the coal discharge port lifting plate 3 can adjust the distance between the edge of the upper fixed coal discharge port and the edge of the lower fixed coal discharge port, and further control the closing degree of the coal discharge port. Because the coal caving form of the top coal is complex, the coal caving form of the top coal is not adjusted, so that a large amount of gangue is easily doped in the coal which is discharged, and in order to control the coal caving form, the key point is to control the opening state of a coal caving port, including the opening angle, position and direction of the coal caving port, and the coal caving port lifting plate can be adjusted under the control of a lifting plunger. The coal discharge quantity sensor 4 is arranged on the side face of the coal discharge port, the coal discharge quantity sensor 4 is arranged at a safe position to avoid damage, and the coal discharge quantity sensor 4 can sense and monitor the coal discharge volume of the coal discharge port in unit time. In addition, the hydraulic pipeline 1 is also connected with a control mechanism, the coal caving quantity sensor transmits the monitoring value of the coal caving volume to the control mechanism, wherein the monitoring value of the coal caving volume is transmitted by using a special underground cable, one end of the cable is connected with the coal caving quantity sensor, and the other end of the cable is connected with a computer.
The coal conveying mechanism comprises a scraper conveyor 5 and pressure sensors 6, wherein the pressure sensors 6 are arranged at intervals in the conveying direction of the scraper conveyor, the pressure sensors 6 process monitoring information in real time, the gravity of the conveyed coal on the scraper conveyor 5 is obtained, and the density value of coal gangue and the density of the coal are determined, so that the gangue content of the coal on the scraper conveyor is judged. This pressure sensor 6 links to each other with control mechanism through data transmission cable, transmits the coal gangue weight monitoring value that scraper conveyor 5 carried to control mechanism, and the monitoring value transmission of the coal gangue weight of carrying uses special cable in the pit, and the one end and the pressure sensor of cable are connected, and the other end links to each other with the computer. The scraper conveyor 5 is arranged below the coal discharging port, coal gangue discharged from the coal discharging port directly falls on the scraper conveyor, and the pressure sensor 6 is arranged below the scraper conveying groove, so that the weight of the coal gangue conveyed by the scraper conveyor can be monitored.
The control mechanism comprises a computer 7, an electro-hydraulic controller 8 and a control cable 9, the control cable is connected with the computer and the electro-hydraulic controller, the computer 7 can directly control the electro-hydraulic controller, and meanwhile the electro-hydraulic controller 8 feeds back a control state to the computer. And the computer 7 receives and processes the coal caving volume information and the conveyed coal and gangue weight information and judges the coal and gangue content of the coal caving. The computer 7 controls the electro-hydraulic controller to adjust the lifting plunger 2 according to the gangue content, the coal discharge port lifting plate 3 controls the opening and closing degree of the coal discharge port, the position of the coal discharge port lifting plate 3 can be adjusted at any time, and the gangue content of the coal discharge is controlled in a reasonable interval. The coal discharge sensor 4 is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through an independent information transmission cable, and the pressure sensor 6 is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through a data transmission cable.
The intelligent coal caving control method for the fully mechanized caving mining of the thick coal seam utilizes the intelligent coal caving control device for the fully mechanized caving mining of the thick coal seam, and the main steps of controlling coal caving comprise:
and step A, setting a gangue content range of the coal discharge according to mine mining conditions, and recording the gangue content range into a computer. The determination of the gangue content is comprehensively determined according to coal mine geological conditions, working face arrangement, the fracturing mode of a thick coal seam and the like, the range can be set to be alpha, beta, and the range is recorded into a computer.
And B, receiving the coal discharge volume monitoring information and the weight monitoring information of the conveyed coal gangue by the computer, processing to obtain the density of the conveyed coal gangue, judging the actual coal gangue content of the coal gangue on the tube plate conveyor according to the density of the coal gangue, determining the coal gangue content by comparing the difference between the density and the actual coal body weight density, and comparing the actually monitored coal gangue content with a set coal gangue content range.
C, the computer adjusts the lifting plunger and the coal discharge port lifting plate through the electrohydraulic controller to control the opening and closing degree of the coal discharge port; and then determining whether to continue adjustment according to the monitoring data fed back in real time after adjustment, so as to realize closed-loop control.
Specifically, when the actual gangue content gamma is larger than the maximum value beta of the gangue content range, the computer controls the action of the lifting plunger to drive the coal discharge port lifting plate to reduce the coal discharge port or close the coal discharge port; the coal discharge port lifting plate can adjust the opening and closing degree, the opening angle, the position, the direction and other forms of the coal discharge port at a constant speed, so that whether the adjustment is continued or stopped is determined according to the change of the gangue content monitored in the adjustment process, and closed-loop control is realized. When the coal caving amount calculated according to the design mining amount is not reached, if the actual gangue content is larger than the set maximum gangue content, the coal around the coal caving opening is easy to discharge when the coal caving opening forms a funnel coal caving, so that the coal caving opening needs to be slowly reduced, the coal block part in the middle of the funnel is easy to discharge, sufficient coal caving is achieved, and the mining rate is improved. When the actual gangue content is larger than the maximum set gangue content and the actual gangue content gamma is smaller than the minimum value alpha of the gangue content range, the computer controls the action of the lifting plunger to drive the coal discharge port lifting plate to increase the coal discharge port; the coal discharge port lifting plate can adjust the opening and closing degree, the opening angle, the position, the direction and other forms of the coal discharge port at a constant speed, so that whether the adjustment is continued or stopped is determined according to the change of the gangue content monitored in the adjustment process, and closed-loop control is realized. When the actual gangue content is less than the set minimum gangue content, the coal discharge port forms a funnel, coal in the middle of coal discharge is easier to discharge, so that the coal discharge port needs to be slowly increased, and the coal blocks around the funnel are easy to discharge, so that full coal discharge is achieved, and the recovery rate is improved.
The coal caving control method controls the coal caving by controlling the opening and closing degree of the coal caving port in real time, thereby improving the coal caving quality of the fully mechanized top coal caving, realizing automatic control and adjusting the gangue content of the coal caving. In addition, the mode of controlling coal caving can ensure safe and efficient production of the working face, reduce the working face and improve the intelligent level of a mine, and has important significance for development of coal mining.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The intelligent coal caving control device for the fully mechanized caving mining of the thick coal seam is characterized by comprising a coal caving mechanism, a coal conveying mechanism and a control mechanism, wherein the coal caving mechanism is arranged at the rear part of a fully mechanized caving hydraulic support, and the coal conveying mechanism is arranged below the fully mechanized caving hydraulic support and used for conveying coal gangue discharged; the control mechanism monitors the coal discharge volume and the weight of the conveyed coal gangue and controls the coal discharge mechanism to adjust the coal discharge amount;
the coal caving mechanism comprises a hydraulic pipeline, lifting movable columns, a coal caving opening lifting plate and a coal caving amount sensor, the hydraulic pipeline is connected with the lifting movable columns, the lifting movable columns are arranged on two sides of the coal caving opening lifting plate, and the coal caving amount sensor is arranged on the side surface of the coal caving opening; the hydraulic pipeline is also connected with the control mechanism, and the coal discharge quantity sensor transmits the monitoring value of the coal discharge volume to the control mechanism;
the coal conveying mechanism comprises a scraper conveyor and pressure sensors, the pressure sensors are arranged at intervals in the conveying direction of the scraper conveyor, the pressure sensors are connected with the control mechanism through data transmission cables, and the monitoring values of the weight of the coal and gangue conveyed by the scraper conveyor are transmitted to the control mechanism;
the control mechanism comprises a computer, an electro-hydraulic controller and a control cable, wherein the computer receives and processes the coal caving volume information and the conveyed coal and gangue weight information, and judges the coal and gangue content of the coal caving; the computer controls the electro-hydraulic controller to adjust the lifting plunger according to the gangue content, and the coal discharge port lifting plate controls the opening and closing of the coal discharge port.
2. The intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the coal caving amount sensor is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through an independent information transmission cable, and the pressure sensor is connected with the computer of the control mechanism through a data transmission cable.
3. The intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the scraper conveyor is arranged below a coal caving port, and the pressure sensor is arranged below the scraper conveying groove.
4. An intelligent coal caving control method for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam, which utilizes the intelligent coal caving control device for fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, setting a gangue content range of the coal discharge according to mine mining conditions, and recording the gangue content range into a computer;
b, receiving the coal discharge volume monitoring information and the weight monitoring information of the conveyed coal gangue by the computer, processing to obtain the density of the conveyed coal gangue, judging the actual coal gangue content of the coal gangue on the tube plate conveyor according to the density, and comparing the actual coal gangue content with the coal gangue content range;
and C, the computer adjusts the lifting plunger and the coal discharge port lifting plate through the electro-hydraulic controller to control the opening and closing of the coal discharge port.
5. The intelligent coal caving control method for the fully mechanized caving mining of a thick coal seam according to claim 4, wherein when the actual gangue content is greater than the maximum value of the set gangue content range, the computer controls the action of the lifting plunger to drive the coal outlet lifting plate to reduce the coal outlet or close the coal outlet; and when the actual gangue content is smaller than the minimum value of the set gangue content range, the computer controls the lifting plunger to act to drive the coal discharge port lifting plate to enlarge the coal discharge port.
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| CN202010780423.5A CN111980739A (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2020-08-06 | Intelligent coal caving control device and method for thick coal seam fully mechanized caving mining support |
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| CN113250694A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-13 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Multi-round sequential layered memory coal caving method |
| CN114033494A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Simulation test system and test method based on top coal caving |
| CN116066165A (en) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-05-05 | 山西和信基业科技股份有限公司 | Automatic hydraulic support for underground opening |
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