CN111979440A - Aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by powder metallurgy method and foaming method - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by powder metallurgy method and foaming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111979440A CN111979440A CN202010847089.0A CN202010847089A CN111979440A CN 111979440 A CN111979440 A CN 111979440A CN 202010847089 A CN202010847089 A CN 202010847089A CN 111979440 A CN111979440 A CN 111979440A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/08—Alloys with open or closed pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method and a foaming method, wherein the aluminum alloy component comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 72-86 wt% of Al, 4-6 wt% of Mg, 6-10 wt% of Si, 2-6 wt% of Cu and 2-6 wt% of Sn; the aluminum alloy component is applied as a foaming base material for preparing the foamed aluminum by the powder metallurgy method, the foaming temperature is reduced and a cellular structure with holes close to a circular shape and uniform distribution can be formed at the same time through the alloying action among Al, Mg, Si and Cu elements and the fluxing action of Sn, and if the aluminum alloy component is used as a core layer raw material for preparing the foamed aluminum sandwich structure by the powder metallurgy method, the balance problem between the foaming temperature of the core layer and the melting temperature of an aluminum panel can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foamed aluminum preparation, in particular to an aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method and a foaming method.
Background
The foamed aluminum is a functional material with a porous structure, and has excellent physical properties and mechanical properties, such as light weight, energy absorption, shock absorption, buffering, sound insulation and absorption, heat insulation, electromagnetic shielding and the like; in addition, after the foamed aluminum is used as a core layer material and combined with the metal panel to form a foamed aluminum sandwich structure, the foamed aluminum sandwich structure can meet the requirements of various performances such as system weight reduction, structure bearing, function integration and the like, is suitable for the requirements of fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, rail transit and the like on structural function materials in the future, and has wide development and application prospects.
At present, in order to highlight the light weight of the foamed aluminum, most of foamed aluminum sandwich structures adopt aluminum materials as panels and are combined with foamed aluminum in a core layer. However, in the process of preparing the foamed aluminum sandwich structure by the powder metallurgy method, the foaming temperature of the components of the core layer is higher than the melting temperature of aluminum to successfully foam and obtain a better foam structure of the core layer, and further, the balance between the foaming temperature of the core layer and the melting temperature of the panel is difficult to coordinate in the preparation process of the foamed aluminum sandwich structure; even if the foam quality is not pursued, the foaming temperature is reduced to be close to the melting temperature of the aluminum panel on the basis of the original core layer matrix component, but the panel still has the overburning phenomenon after the foaming process is kept for a period of time.
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the aluminum alloy composition for preparing the foamed aluminum by the powder metallurgy method comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 72-86 wt% of Al, 4-6 wt% of Mg, 6-10 wt% of Si, 2-6 wt% of Cu and 2-6 wt% of Sn.
Preferably, the Al element in the aluminum alloy component is provided by a first raw material containing Al, the first raw material is one or more of pure Al powder, AlMg50 alloy powder and AlSi12 alloy powder, and the grain sizes of the pure Al powder, the AlMg50 alloy powder and the AlSi12 alloy powder are all 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the Mg element in the aluminum alloy component is provided by a second raw material containing Mg, the second raw material is pure Mg powder and/or AlMg50 alloy powder, and the grain size ranges of the pure Mg powder and the AlMg50 alloy powder are 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the Si element in the aluminum alloy component is provided by a third raw material containing Si, the third raw material is pure Si powder and/or AlSi12 alloy powder, and the grain size ranges of the pure Si powder and the AlSi12 alloy powder are 200-400 meshes.
Preferably, the Cu element in the aluminum alloy component is provided by a fourth raw material containing Cu, and the fourth raw material is provided by pure Cu powder with the particle size range of 200-500 meshes.
Preferably, the Sn element in the aluminum alloy component is provided by a fifth raw material containing Sn, and the fifth raw material is provided by pure Sn powder with the particle size range of 200-500 meshes.
Preferably, the foaming method for preparing the foamed aluminum by the powder metallurgy method by using the aluminum alloy composition comprises the following steps: preparing a foaming precursor by taking the first raw material, the second raw material, the third raw material, the fourth raw material and the fifth raw material as matrixes, and placing the prepared foaming precursor into a foaming mold which is heated along with a furnace in advance and stably reaches a foaming temperature; after the temperature is kept at the foaming temperature, taking out the foaming mold from the furnace, and placing the foaming mold in air for cooling; and after cooling to room temperature, disassembling the foaming mold to obtain the foamed aluminum.
Preferably, the foaming mold is of a cylindrical structure formed by splicing two semi-cylindrical monomers along the diameter direction of the section, and is fastened through bolts vertically arranged at the edges.
Preferably, the foaming temperature is 580-620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-25 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the aluminum alloy component is used as a core layer raw material for preparing the foamed aluminum sandwich structure by the powder metallurgy method, the balance problem between the foaming temperature of the core layer and the melting temperature of the aluminum panel can be solved, and the foamed cell structure can be optimized while the foaming temperature of the core layer is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the foaming mold;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of foamed aluminum after foaming;
FIG. 3 is a foamed aluminum sandwich structure made by powder metallurgy with aluminum alloy compositions as the core material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The aluminum alloy for preparing the foamed aluminum by the powder metallurgy method comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 72-86 wt% of Al, 4-6 wt% of Mg, 6-10 wt% of Si, 2-6 wt% of Cu and 2-6 wt% of Sn.
The Al element in the aluminum alloy is mainly provided by pure Al powder with the grain size range of 200-400 meshes, wherein part of the Al element is also derived from one or two of AlMg50 alloy powder with the grain size range of 200-400 meshes or AlSi12 alloy powder with the grain size range of 200-400 meshes.
The Mg element in the aluminum alloy is mainly provided by at least one of pure Mg powder with the grain diameter ranging from 200 meshes to 400 meshes and AlMg50 alloy powder with the grain diameter ranging from 200 meshes to 400 meshes.
The Si element in the aluminum alloy is mainly provided by at least one of pure Si powder with the grain diameter ranging from 200 meshes to 400 meshes and AlSi12 alloy powder with the grain diameter ranging from 200 meshes to 400 meshes.
The Cu element in the aluminum alloy is mainly provided by pure Cu powder with the particle size range of 200-500 meshes.
The Sn element in the aluminum alloy is mainly provided by pure Sn powder with the particle size range of 200-500 meshes.
The foaming method for preparing foamed aluminum by using the aluminum alloy composition in a powder metallurgy method comprises the following steps: preparing a foaming precursor by taking the aluminum alloy components as a matrix, and placing the prepared foaming precursor into a foaming mold which is heated along with a furnace in advance and stably reaches a foaming temperature; keeping the temperature at the foaming temperature for a period of time, taking the foaming mold out of the furnace, and placing the foaming mold in air for cooling; and after cooling to room temperature, disassembling the foaming mold to obtain the foamed aluminum.
The foaming mould is cylindrical in overall appearance, is formed by splicing two semi-cylindrical monomers along the diameter direction of the section, and is fastened through a vertical edge nut; and (4) detaching the nut after foaming, and opening the mold in half and half, thereby being beneficial to demolding of foamed aluminum after foaming.
Generally, the foaming temperature is 580-620 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 5-25 min.
The aluminum alloy component is used as a core layer raw material for preparing the foamed aluminum sandwich structure by the powder metallurgy method, the balance problem between the foaming temperature of the core layer and the melting temperature of the aluminum panel is solved, and the foamed cell structure can be optimized while the foaming temperature of the core layer is reduced.
Example one
Pure Al powder of 200 meshes, pure Mg powder of 200 meshes, AlSi12 alloy powder of 200 meshes, pure Cu powder of 400 meshes and pure Sn powder of 400 meshes are combined according to the mass fraction of Al of 82%, Mg of 4%, Si of 6%, Cu of 6% and Sn of 2% to form the matrix aluminum alloy component of the foamed aluminum material.
Uniformly mixing the matrix aluminum alloy component serving as a matrix with a foaming agent to prepare a foaming precursor, and placing the prepared foaming precursor into a foaming mold which is heated along with a furnace in advance and stably reaches a foaming temperature of 620 ℃, wherein the schematic diagram of the foaming mold is shown in figure 1; keeping the temperature at 620 ℃ for 5min, taking out the foaming mold from the furnace, and placing the foaming mold in air for cooling; and after cooling to room temperature, dismounting nuts on two sides of the mold, and opening the mold in half to obtain the foamed aluminum.
Example two
Pure Al powder of 300 meshes, AlMg50 alloy powder of 300 meshes, pure Si powder of 300 meshes, pure Cu powder of 500 meshes and pure Sn powder of 500 meshes are combined according to the mass fraction of Al of 79 percent, Mg of 5 percent, Si of 8 percent, Cu of 4 percent and Sn of 4 percent to form the matrix aluminum alloy component of the foamed aluminum material.
The foaming method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the matrix aluminum alloy component serving as a matrix with a foaming agent to prepare a foaming precursor, and placing the prepared foaming precursor into a foaming mold which is heated along with a furnace in advance and stably reaches the foaming temperature of 600 ℃, wherein the schematic diagram of the foaming mold is shown in figure 1; keeping the temperature at 600 ℃ for 15min, taking out the foaming mould from the furnace, and cooling in the air; and after cooling to room temperature, dismounting nuts on two sides of the mold, and opening the mold in half to obtain the foamed aluminum. As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a picture of foamed aluminum after foaming; (a) the result of foaming of the aluminum alloy component is generally shown, and (b) the result of foaming of the aluminum alloy component in the present invention is shown.
EXAMPLE III
Pure Al powder of 400 meshes, AlMg50 alloy powder of 400 meshes, AlSi12 alloy powder of 400 meshes, pure Cu powder of 200 meshes and pure Sn powder of 200 meshes are combined according to the mass fraction of Al of 76%, Mg of 6%, Si of 10%, Cu of 2% and Sn of 6% to form the matrix aluminum alloy component of the foamed aluminum material.
The foaming method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the matrix aluminum alloy component serving as a matrix with a foaming agent to prepare a foaming precursor, putting the prepared foaming precursor into a foaming mold which is heated along with a furnace in advance and stably reaches a foaming temperature of 580 ℃, wherein the schematic diagram of the foaming mold is shown in figure 1; keeping the temperature at 580 ℃ for 25min, taking out the foaming mould from the furnace, and cooling in the air; and after cooling to room temperature, dismounting nuts on two sides of the mold, and opening the mold in half to obtain the foamed aluminum.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 72-86 wt% of Al, 4-6 wt% of Mg, 6-10 wt% of Si, 2-6 wt% of Cu and 2-6 wt% of Sn.
2. The aluminum alloy composition for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method according to claim 1, wherein the Al element in the aluminum alloy composition is provided by a first raw material containing Al, the first raw material is one or more of pure Al powder, AlMg50 alloy powder and AlSi12 alloy powder, and the grain sizes of the pure Al powder, the AlMg50 alloy powder and the AlSi12 alloy powder are all 200-400 meshes.
3. The aluminum alloy composition for powder metallurgy method for preparing foamed aluminum according to claim 2, wherein the Mg element in the aluminum alloy composition is provided by a Mg-containing second raw material, the second raw material is pure Mg powder and/or AlMg50 alloy powder, and the grain sizes of the pure Mg powder and the AlMg50 alloy powder are both 200-400 meshes.
4. The aluminum alloy composition for preparing foamed aluminum by a powder metallurgy method according to claim 3, wherein the Si element in the aluminum alloy composition is provided by a third raw material containing Si, the third raw material is pure Si powder and/or AlSi12 alloy powder, and the grain sizes of the pure Si powder and the AlSi12 alloy powder are both 200-400 meshes.
5. The aluminum alloy composition for powder metallurgy method for preparing foamed aluminum according to claim 4, wherein the Cu element in the aluminum alloy composition is provided by a Cu-containing fourth raw material, and the fourth raw material is provided by pure Cu powder with a particle size ranging from 200 to 500 meshes.
6. The aluminum alloy composition for powder metallurgy aluminum foam according to claim 5, wherein the Sn element in the aluminum alloy composition is provided by a fifth Sn-containing raw material, and the fifth raw material is provided by pure Sn powder with the grain size ranging from 200 to 500 meshes.
7. The foaming method of aluminum alloy composition for powder metallurgy process for producing foamed aluminum according to claim 6, wherein a foaming precursor is prepared from the first raw material, the second raw material, the third raw material, the fourth raw material and the fifth raw material as a base, and the prepared foaming precursor is placed in a foaming mold which is heated in a furnace in advance and is stabilized to a foaming temperature; after the temperature is kept at the foaming temperature, taking out the foaming mold from the furnace, and placing the foaming mold in air for cooling; and after cooling to room temperature, disassembling the foaming mold to obtain the foamed aluminum.
8. The foaming method according to claim 7, wherein the foaming mold has a cylindrical structure formed by splicing two semi-cylindrical single bodies in a diameter direction of a cross section, and is fastened by bolts vertically arranged at edges.
9. The foaming method according to claim 7, wherein the foaming temperature is 580 to 620 ℃ and the holding time is 5 to 25 min.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010847089.0A CN111979440A (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by powder metallurgy method and foaming method |
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| CN202010847089.0A CN111979440A (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Aluminum alloy component for preparing foamed aluminum by powder metallurgy method and foaming method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114959522A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-30 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Aging treatment method for high-strength sandwich structure foamed aluminum material |
| CN116005039A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-25 | 安徽工业大学 | Foamed aluminum and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114959522A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-30 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Aging treatment method for high-strength sandwich structure foamed aluminum material |
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| CN116005039A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-25 | 安徽工业大学 | Foamed aluminum and preparation method thereof |
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