CN111979387A - Heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties Download PDFInfo
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- CN111979387A CN111979387A CN202010960316.0A CN202010960316A CN111979387A CN 111979387 A CN111979387 A CN 111979387A CN 202010960316 A CN202010960316 A CN 202010960316A CN 111979387 A CN111979387 A CN 111979387A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/04—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0075—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rods of limited length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical property, belonging to the technical field of heat treatment methods of spring steel. In order to reduce the depth of a surface decarburization layer of a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm and ensure that the surface decarburization layer has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the invention provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, which comprises the steps of processing preparation of a 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering, wherein the heating temperature is 880-900 ℃ and the heat preservation is carried out for 30-40 min; the tempering temperature is 430-450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 60-90 min. According to the invention, the comprehensive mechanical property of the spring steel 38Si7 is improved, and the depth of a complete decarburized layer on the surface of the bar is reduced to 90-150 μm, so that the requirement of a high-speed railway fastener on the performance of the spring steel 38Si7 can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spring steel heat treatment methods, and particularly relates to a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties.
Background
At present, the high-speed railway in China is in a rapid development period, and further improvement of the speed of railway transportation is an important trend of future development. In this case, materials for various parts of the railway train should also satisfy the performance for speed increase. The research on special springs and spring steel for railway speed increase has become the focus of the current research based on the requirements of railway train design and manufacture.
At present, the main parts of the railway track system consist of sleepers, fasteners, steel rails and roadbed, and various parts such as a buckling piece, an elastic base plate, fasteners and the like form a complex fastener system. At present, the high-speed railway fastener mainly adopts an elastic fastener system, and the elastic fastener system generates buckling pressure to act on the rail through bending and twisting deformation of an elastic strip, so that reliable connection between the steel rails is effectively ensured for a long time, the integrity of the rail is kept as far as possible, the steel rails are prevented from moving longitudinally and transversely relative to sleepers, and the rail gauge is ensured to be normal, thereby ensuring the running safety of rail vehicles. The more advanced spring steel for the typical buckling piece elastic strip is 38Si7 material introduced by Germany, the spring steel 38Si7 is introduced by Germany mainly adopting German standard BS-EN-10089-: the tensile strength is 1300-1600 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1150MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 8%, and the reduction of area is more than or equal to 35%.
In order to meet the requirements of high speed increase of high-speed rails by good surface quality and comprehensive mechanical properties in the using process, a reasonable heat treatment method is required to be matched for realization. However, the conventional heat treatment method is mainly suitable for a 38Si7 rolled product with the diameter of Φ 9mm, and no heat treatment method capable of improving the control of the surface decarburized layer and the control of the impact toughness is available for a 38Si7 rolled product with a larger diameter.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the depth of a decarburized layer on the surface of a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm and ensure that the surface decarburized layer has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the invention provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburizing and mechanical properties.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with surface decarburization and mechanical property control functions comprises processing preparation of a 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering, wherein the heating is to heat the 38Si7 bar to be fully austenitized, and the heating temperature is 880-900 ℃.
Further, the heating temperature is 880 ℃, 890 ℃ or 900 ℃.
Further, the 38Si7 bar is heated to a constant temperature and then is subjected to heat preservation for 30-40 min.
Further, the processing size of the 38Si7 bar is 38Si7 bar with the diameter phi of 13 mm.
Further, the temperature of the medium-temperature tempering is 430-450 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the medium-temperature tempering is 430 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃.
Further, the heat preservation time of the medium temperature tempering is 60-90 min.
Further, the spring steel 38Si7 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.35 to 0.42 percent of C, 1.50 to 1.80 percent of Si, 0.50 to 0.80 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the heat treatment method provided by the invention aims at the 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, improves the comprehensive mechanical property of the spring steel 38Si7, and reduces the depth of a complete decarburized layer on the surface of the bar. After the heat treatment method is adopted for treatment, the depth of a complete decarburized layer on the surface of the spring steel 38Si7 bar is reduced to 90-150 mu m; the tensile strength is 1300-1400 MPa, the yield strength is 1250-1350 MPa, the elongation is 12-16%, the reduction of area is 55-60%, the impact energy KU2 is 45-50J, the composite material has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the bar material is guaranteed to have good strength, plasticity and toughness, the cost is low, and the requirement of a high-speed railway fastener on the performance of spring steel 38Si7 can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the morphology of a decarburized layer of 38Si7 bar after heat treatment in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the morphology of a decarburized layer of 38Si7 bar after heat treatment in example 2;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the morphology of a decarburized layer of 38Si7 bar after heat treatment in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the morphology of a decarburized layer of 38Si7 bar after heat treatment in comparative example 2;
fig. 5 is a photograph of the morphology of a decarburized layer of 38Si7 bar after heat treatment of comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, wherein the spring steel is 38Si7 steel and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific heat treatment method of the embodiment comprises the steps of processing preparation of the 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 880 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
The austenitizing heating temperature is mainly determined according to the phase transition critical point and the decarburized layer sensitive interval of steel, and the hypoeutectoid steel is usually heated to be 30-50 ℃ above Ac 3. The heating temperature is too low, austenitization is not sufficient, and overhigh heating temperature causes austenite grains to be coarsened, which is not beneficial to obtaining target tissues and performances; in addition, the decarburized layer sensitivity intervals of different experimental steels are different, and the depth of the decarburized layer is increased due to the fact that the heating temperature is too high and too low. The heat preservation time is too short, the austenitization is insufficient, and the excessive heat preservation time causes the coarsening of austenite grains and the increase of the depth of a decarburized layer, which are also not beneficial to obtaining the target structure and performance.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; and then carrying out medium temperature tempering treatment, heating the bar to 450 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, and cooling the bar to room temperature after tempering.
In order to ensure that the spring steel has good elasticity, medium-temperature tempering is adopted. The tempering temperature is too low, the ductility and toughness of the steel are not enough, and the strength after tempering is reduced due to too high tempering temperature, so that the target performance cannot be met. The tempering temperature is too short, the ductility and toughness of the steel are not enough, and the strength is affected and the cost is increased if the tempering temperature is too long. The water quenching and medium temperature tempering method of the bar material of the embodiment effectively controls the complete decarburized layer on the surface of the bar material, ensures that the bar material has good strength, plasticity and toughness, and is low in cost.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, wherein the spring steel is 38Si7 steel and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific heat treatment method of the embodiment comprises the steps of processing preparation of the 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 40min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; and then carrying out medium temperature tempering treatment, heating the bar to 430 ℃, preserving heat for 90min, and cooling the bar to room temperature after tempering.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, wherein the spring steel is 38Si7 steel and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The specific heat treatment method of the embodiment comprises the steps of processing preparation of the 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 890 ℃, and preserving heat for 35min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; and then carrying out medium temperature tempering treatment, heating the bar to 440 ℃, preserving heat for 80min, and cooling the bar to room temperature after tempering.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, the spring steel in the embodiment is 38Si7 steel, and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The heat treatment method of the present comparative example includes preparation of 38Si7 bar processing → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 860 ℃, and preserving heat for 50min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; then medium temperature tempering treatment is carried out, the bar is heated to 470 ℃ and is kept warm for 90min, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after tempering.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, the spring steel in the embodiment is 38Si7 steel, and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The heat treatment method of the present comparative example includes preparation of 38Si7 bar processing → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 880 ℃, and preserving heat for 40min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; and then carrying out medium temperature tempering treatment, heating the bar to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 60min, and air-cooling to room temperature after tempering.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties, the spring steel in the embodiment is 38Si7 steel, and has the following chemical compositions in percentage by mass: 0.39% C, 1.73% Si, 0.68% Mn, 0.009% P, 0.006% S, 0.21% Cr, 0.02% Ni, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The heat treatment method of the present comparative example includes preparation of 38Si7 bar processing → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering.
(1) Firstly, processing the 38Si7 steel into a 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm, then carrying out a quenching method, heating the bar to 900 ℃, and preserving heat for 30min to ensure that the bar is fully austenitized.
(2) Performing water quenching on the bar after heat preservation, and performing water quenching to room temperature; and then carrying out medium temperature tempering treatment, heating the bar to 470 ℃, preserving heat for 75min, and cooling the bar to room temperature after tempering.
The mechanical properties of the 38Si7 steel after heat treatment of example 1, example 2 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm after heat treatment has good comprehensive mechanical properties, the tensile strength is 1300-1400 MPa, the yield strength is 1250-1350 MPa, the elongation is 12-16%, the reduction of area is 55-60%, and the impact energy KU2 is 45-50J; the depth of the surface complete decarburization layer is 90 to 150 μm. Therefore, after the heat treatment method is adopted, the tensile strength, the yield strength, the elongation and the reduction of area all can meet the performance requirements of German standard BS-EN-10089-2002 on the heat treatment of the spring steel 38Si7, and simultaneously, the impact toughness is good after the heat treatment.
The tensile strength of the 38Si7 bar with the diameter of phi 13mm after heat treatment in the comparative examples 1-3 is 1200-1300 MPa, the yield strength is 1100-1200 MPa, and the performance requirements of German standard BS-EN-10089 and 2002 on 38Si7 after heat treatment cannot be met (the tensile strength is 1300-1600 MPa, and the yield strength is not less than 1150 MPa); in addition, the depth of the surface complete decarburized layer is also deep, up to 203.3. mu.m.
Claims (8)
1. A heat treatment method of spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties comprises processing preparation of a 38Si7 bar → heating → water quenching → medium temperature tempering, and is characterized in that the heating is to heat the 38Si7 bar to be fully austenitized, and the heating temperature is 880-900 ℃.
2. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature is 880 ℃, 890 ℃ or 900 ℃.
3. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the 38Si7 bar is heated to a constant temperature and then is kept warm for 30-40 min.
4. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 3, wherein the 38Si7 bar is processed into a 38Si7 bar with a diameter of Φ 13 mm.
5. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the medium temperature tempering is 430-450 ℃.
6. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 5, wherein the medium temperature tempering temperature is 430 ℃, 440 ℃ or 450 ℃.
7. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical properties as claimed in claim 6, wherein the holding time of the medium temperature tempering is 60-90 min.
8. The heat treatment method of the spring steel 38Si7 with controlled surface decarburization and mechanical property as claimed in claim 7, wherein the spring steel 38Si7 comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 0.35 to 0.42 percent of C, 1.50 to 1.80 percent of Si, 0.50 to 0.80 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114086085A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-25 | 北京科技大学 | Forming process for controlling residual ferrite of 38Si7 elastic strip |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1380434A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2002-11-20 | 铁道部科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | High fatigue property spring steel for railway spring strip |
| US20130240093A1 (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2013-09-19 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Steel for high-strength spring, method for producing same, and high-strength spring |
| CN111321279A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-23 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | High-strength corrosion-resistant spring steel and heat treatment process thereof |
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2020
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1380434A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2002-11-20 | 铁道部科学研究院金属及化学研究所 | High fatigue property spring steel for railway spring strip |
| US20130240093A1 (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2013-09-19 | Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. | Steel for high-strength spring, method for producing same, and high-strength spring |
| CN111321279A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2020-06-23 | 洛阳双瑞特种装备有限公司 | High-strength corrosion-resistant spring steel and heat treatment process thereof |
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| 李茂旺等主编: "《炉外精炼》", 29 February 2016, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114086085A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-25 | 北京科技大学 | Forming process for controlling residual ferrite of 38Si7 elastic strip |
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