CN111978337A - 一种稀土超分子包合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种稀土超分子包合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,Ln选自镧系元素。本发明提供的稀土超分子包合物中稀土镧系离子先通过与水和甲醇等质子性溶剂分子配位形成含有氢键作用位点的客体分子,再与主体分子TQEB上的喹啉吡啶N原子以及醚O原子形成强的多重氢键作用,通过主‑客体相互作用使得在有限域空间的稀土离子完全被主体分子包覆,形成独特的超分子胶囊形结构,从而实现荧光增强的效果,该稀土超分子包合物结构新颖、性能优异,解决了Ln(III)‑包合物因溶剂化的淬灭效应而丧失发光能力的技术问题。本发明还提供了该稀土超分子包合物的制备方法和应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发光材料技术领域,具体涉及一种稀土超分子包合物及其制备方法和应用,更具体地,涉及一类主客体作用与多重氢键作用协同驱动的稀土超分子包合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
中国一直是世界上稀土资源最丰富的国家,素有“稀土王国”之称。但长期以来,由于稀土高科技附加值产品的缺乏,导致稀土被迫低价出口。开发基于稀土的高端下游产品,发挥稀土在荧光、生物成像、磁性、激光、光纤通信、贮氢能源、超导等材料领域的作用,已成为当前科技人员工作的重中之重,对国家的经济发展也具有重要的意义。
在稀土相关材料的开发中,镧系元素及其包合物已成为许多领域不可缺少的组成部分,如可再生能源能源,光电设备和医学成像。其中,镧系稀土有机生物荧光成像材料继承了稀土材料在光学性能方面的优异特点,但是,由于小分子镧系稀土配合物光和热稳定性差等因素影响,这些传统镧系稀土有机生物荧光成像材料的效率和寿命却远远没有达到它们的理论期望值,从而限制了它们在生物荧光成像技术中的应用。同时,水中强发光超分子的设计与合成对功能性生物荧光成像试剂的开发具有重要意义。特别是它在非质子型有机溶剂中独特的发射率是有机分子和其他金属包合物(如M=Ir和Pt等)无法复制的,这促使人们对其广泛的应用进行了深入的研究。然而,镧系离子的激发态很容易被配位溶剂分子(如:水和甲醇等)猝灭。为了减弱这种溶液中质子型溶剂分子的猝灭效应,人们可采用以下两种有用的策略来提高发射率。一般的方法是引入硬给体原子(O或N原子)的多齿螯合配体,使其与镧系离子配位,从而防止溶剂干扰。另一种有效的策略是设计具有疏水腔的分子胶囊,其中的镧系离子或其复合物通过主客体作用被完全封装和屏蔽。因此,采用设计具有疏水腔的分子胶囊,使其将镧系离子完全封装并保护的方法,对稀土超分子包合物在发光材料上的应用具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述技术不足,本发明第一方面的目的在于,提出一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物中稀土镧系离子先通过与水和甲醇等质子性溶剂分子配位形成含有氢键作用位点的客体分子,再与主体分子TQEB上的喹啉吡啶N原子以及醚O原子形成强的多重氢键作用,通过主-客体相互作用使得在限域空间的稀土离子完全被主体分子包覆,形成独特的超分子胶囊形结构,从而实现荧光增强的效果,该稀土超分子包合物结构新颖、性能优异,解决了现有技术中Ln(III)-包合物因溶剂化的淬灭效应而丧失发光能力的技术问题;本发明第二方面的目的在于,提出一种稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其合成过程简单、产率高、纯度高;本发明第三方面的目的在于,提出一种稀土超分子包合物的应用。
为达到上述技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,所述稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,所述稀土超分子包合物的结构式如下:
其中,Ln选自镧系元素。
第二方面,本发明提供了一种稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯和8-羟基喹啉在碱性条件下,于85~150℃下进行亲核取代反应,得到8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉,所述1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯和所述8-羟基喹啉的摩尔比为1:3~3.3;
所述8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与镧系稀土硝酸盐在甲醇中,于20~200℃下进行自组装反应,得到反应产物,将所述反应产物冷却至常温,得到目标产物。
第三方面,本发明提供了一种稀土超分子包合物在细胞成像方面的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果包括:
1、本发明提供的稀土超分子包合物以TQEB作为主体,稀土镧系离子、硝酸根离子与CH3OH和H2O配位形成形成含有氢键作用位点的客体分子,再通过主-客体作用以及客体与主体分子上的喹啉吡啶N原子以及醚O原子形成强的多重氢键作用,两者协同,形成独特的超分子胶囊形结构,并使稀土镧系离子完全被主体分子包覆,使稀土镧系离子被控制在限域空间内使其振动受限,从而实现荧光增强的效果;
2、本发明提供的稀土超分子包合物结构新颖、性能优异,主体和客体结构对称,且通过主客体作用与多重氢键的协同作用,其稳定性较好;
3、本发明提供的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,采用“一锅法”制备,合成方法简单、产率高(85%以上),纯度高(98%),且合成的产品在室温下长期存放稳定性好;
4、本发明提供的稀土超分子包合物具有较好的发光效率,应用于细胞成像方面具有较显著的效果,该稀土超分子包合物可作为一类新型细胞成像试剂,进一步拓宽了稀土超分子包合物在细胞成像等方面的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明稀土超分子包合物的单晶结构图;
图2为本发明实施例1中制得的包合物TQEB的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图3为本发明实施例1中制得的包合物TQEB的核磁共振质谱谱图;
图4为本发明实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图5为本发明实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物的质谱谱图;
图6为本发明实施例2中制得的稀土超分子包合物的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图7为本发明实施例3中制得的稀土超分子包合物的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图8为本发明实施例4中制得的稀土超分子包合物的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图9为本发明实施例5中制得的稀土超分子包合物的核磁共振氢谱谱图;
图10为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物在二氯甲烷和固态下的荧光发射图谱;
图11为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物在二氯甲烷和固态下的荧光激发图谱;
图12为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物在二氯甲烷和固态下的量子产率图;
图13为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物在二氯甲烷和固态下的荧光增强图谱;
图14为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物的细胞成像结果,其中,图(a)~(c)为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物的细胞显微荧光成像图,图(d)和图(e)分别为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子的细胞存活率和抑制率数据图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图和实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
图1为本发明稀土超分子包合物的单晶结构图。如图1所示,本发明的实施例提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,该稀土超分子包合物的结构式如下:
其中,Ln选自镧系元素。
为了使该稀土超分子包合物具有更优异的荧光成像性质,在本发明的一些优选实施方式中,Ln选自Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy和Nd中的至少一种。
本发明的实施例还提供了一种稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,该制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯(以下简称A)和8-羟基喹啉(简称B)在碱性条件下,于85~150℃下进行亲核取代反应,得到8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉(简称TQEB),其中,1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯和8-羟基喹啉的摩尔比为1:3~3.3;
(2)8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与镧系稀土硝酸盐在甲醇中,于20~200℃下进行自组装反应,得到反应产物,将反应产物冷却至常温,得到目标产物。
具体合成路线如下:
在本发明的实施例中,步骤(1)中除了原料A和原料B,还加入了碱使原料A和原料B在碱性条件下反应,通过加入碱拔除原料B羟基上的质子,增强亲核取代原料A中-Br基团,从而合成得到三脚架形的主体分子TQEB;为了更好的拔除原料B羟基上的质子,在本发明的一些优选实施例中,碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DMAP、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾中的至少一种。更优选地,碱为碳酸钾。
为了提高拔除质子的效率,并避免原料浪费,在本发明的一些优选实施例中,碱与8-羟基喹啉的摩尔比为1~10:1。
在本发明的实施例中,步骤(1)中,还加入了有机溶剂使原料A和原料B在有机溶剂中反应;为了实现反应过程中溶剂的不断蒸发和回流,在本发明的一些优选实施例中,有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙醇、二氧六环、二氯甲烷中的至少一种。更优选地,有机溶剂为四氢呋喃。
为了提高主体分子TQEB的含量和纯度,在本发明的一些优选实施例中,步骤(1)中,亲核取代反应的温度为85~125℃,反应时间为8~48h。更优选地,亲核取代反应的温度为85℃,反应时间为48h。
在本发明的实施例中,步骤(2)中,8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与镧系稀土硝酸盐的摩尔比为0.1~10:1;为了进一步提高目标产物的纯度,在本发明的一些优选实施方式中,8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与镧系稀土硝酸盐的摩尔比为1:1。
在本发明的实施例中,步骤(2)中,镧系稀土硝酸盐为铕、钆、铽、镝和钕的硝酸盐中的至少一种。
为了提高目标产物的含量和纯度,在本发明的一些优选实施例中,步骤(2)中,自组装反应的温度为60℃,反应时间为4~48h。更优选地,自组装反应的温度为60℃,反应时间为4h。
本发明的实施例还提供了该稀土超分子包合物在细胞成像方面的应用。
为了对本发明进行进一步详细说明,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。本发明中的实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;本发明中的实施例中所用的材料、试剂等,如无特殊说明,均为市场购买所得。以下实施例中所有的产物通过核磁共振氢谱、X-射线单晶衍射表征手段验证了它们的精确结构信息,各包合物的X-射线单晶衍射结构图基本相同,为避免重复,附图中只展示一次(见图1)。
本发明的实施例中的部分稀土超分子包合物的晶体结构测定相关数据如表1所示。
表1
[a]GOF=[w(Fo 2-Fc 2)2]/(n-p)1/2,wheLn n and p denote the number of datapoints and the number of parameters,Lnspectively.[b]R1=(||Fo|-|Fc||)/|Fo|;wR2=[w(Fo 2-Fc 2)2]/[w(Fo 2)2]1/2,WheLn w=1/[σ2(Fo 2)+(aP)2+bP]and P=[max(0,Fo 2)+2Fc 2]/3.
实施例1:
本发明的实施例1提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,其中Ln为Eu,该稀土超分子化合物采用如下路线合成:
其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)主体分子TQEB的合成:将1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6--三甲基苯(1g,2.28mmol)、8-羟基喹啉(1.06g,7.31mmol)和K2CO3(3.8g,22.4mmol)加入到80mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中,不断搅拌,升温至85℃回流,在氮气保护下反应48h后经过真空旋干、柱层析分离(淋洗剂为CH2Cl2和CH3OH,且CH2Cl2和CH3OH的体积比为20:1)、烘干得到灰色粉末状TQEB(1.39g,收率92%);
(2)稀土超分子包合物1的合成:称取TQEB(4.9mg,7.74mmol)和Eu(NO3)3·6H2O(7.0mg,7.74mmol)加入10mL的容器中,加入2mL甲醇溶剂,不断搅拌,升温至60℃,反应4h,得到深红色清液,停止加热,静置半小时后,深红色清液自然冷却至常温析出红色块状晶体,得到衍射质量较好的单晶,即目标产物(7.34mg,收率90%,纯度99%)。
用核磁共振仪对制得的目标产物进行核磁共振分析,得到如下结果:
主体分子TQEB:
氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.82(m,1H),8.31(m,1H),7.55(m,4H),5.36(s,2H),2.89(m,2H),1.24(t,J=7.4Hz,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图2;
质谱:MALDI-TOF-MS:calcd for[TQEB+H]+m/z=634.3,found m/z=634.3;[TQEB+Na]+m/z=656.3,found m/z=656.3;[TQEB+K]+m/z=672.3,found m/z=672.3,具体质谱谱图见图3。
目标产物稀土超分子包合物1:
氢谱:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.84(m,1H),8.31(m,1H),7.57(m,4H),5.38(s,2H),3.28(s,4H),2.92(m,2H),2.50(s,1H),1.25(t,J=7.5Hz,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图4;
质谱:ESI-MS(CH3OH)m/z:[complex 1+Na]+-CH3OH+3H2O,calcd forC43H51EuN6NaO17 +,1099.24;found,1099.06,[complex 1+Na]+-CH3OH+H2O,calcd forC43H47EuN6NaO15 +,1063.22;found,1063.05,[complex 1-NO3 -]+-2CH3OH-H2O,calcd forC42H39EuN5O9 +,910.20;found,909.93,具体质谱谱图见图5。
单晶结构:具体单晶结构图见图1,晶体结构测定等数据表格见表1,部分键长键角数据见表2。
表2实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物1的单晶主要键长键角数据表
实施例2:
本发明的实施例2提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,其中Ln为Gd,该稀土超分子包合物的步骤(2)采用如下路线合成:
该稀土超分子包合物的制备方法中,步骤(1)中主体分子TQEB的合成方法与实施例1相同,步骤(2)中稀土超分子包合物的合成方法和原料用量比例均与实施例1相同,区别在于,本实施例中,镧系稀土硝酸盐为Gd(NO3)3·6H2O,制得的目标产物(6.96mg,收率85%,纯度98%)。
用核磁共振仪对制得的目标产物进行核磁共振分析,得到如下结果:
目标产物稀土超分子包合物:
氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.85(bs,1H),8.34(bs,1H),7.58(bs,4H),5.38(bs,2H),3.65(bs,2H),1.25(bs,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图6。
单晶结构:具体单晶结构图见图1,晶体结构测定等数据表格见表1,部分键长键角数据见表3。
表3实施例2中制得的稀土超分子包合物的单晶主要键长键角数据表
实施例3:
本发明的实施例3提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,其中Ln为Tb,该稀土超分子包合物的步骤(2)采用如下路线合成:
该稀土超分子包合物的制备方法中,步骤(1)中主体分子TQEB的合成方法与实施例1相同,步骤(2)中稀土超分子包合物的合成方法和原料用量比例均与实施例1相同,区别在于,本实施例中,镧系稀土硝酸盐为Tb(NO3)3·6H2O,制得的目标产物(7.38mg,收率90%,纯度97%)。
用核磁共振仪对制得的目标产物进行核磁共振分析,得到如下结果:
目标产物稀土超分子包合物:
氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.64(s,1H),8.30(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.82–7.21(m,4H),5.41(s,2H),2.94(q,J=7.4Hz,2H),1.27(t,J=7.3Hz,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图7。
单晶结构:具体单晶结构图见图1,晶体结构测定等数据表格见表1,部分键长键角数据见表4。
表4实施例3中制得的稀土超分子包合物的单晶主要键长键角数据表
实施例4:
本发明的实施例4提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,其中Ln为Dy,该稀土超分子包合物的步骤(2)采用如下路线合成:
该稀土超分子包合物的制备方法中,步骤(1)中主体分子TQEB的合成方法与实施例1相同,步骤(2)中稀土超分子包合物的合成方法和原料用量比例均与实施例1相同,区别在于,本实施例中,镧系稀土硝酸盐为Dy(NO3)3·6H2O,制得的目标产物(7.83mg,收率95%,纯度98%)。
用核磁共振仪对制得的目标产物进行核磁共振分析,得到如下结果:
目标产物稀土超分子包合物:
氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61(s,1H),8.24(s,1H),7.53(d,J=64.0Hz,4H),5.37(s,2H),2.91(s,2H),1.24(s,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图8。
单晶结构:具体单晶结构图见图1,晶体结构测定等数据表格见表1,部分键长键角数据见表5。
表5实施例4中制得的稀土超分子包合物的单晶主要键长键角数据表
实施例5:
本发明的实施例5提供了一种稀土超分子包合物,该稀土超分子包合物的化学式为Ln(TQEB)(NO3)3·2CH3OH·H2O,其中Ln为Nd,该稀土超分子包合物的步骤(2)采用如下路线合成:
该稀土超分子包合物的制备方法中,步骤(1)中主体分子TQEB的合成方法与实施例1相同,步骤(2)中稀土超分子包合物的合成方法和原料用量比例均与实施例1相同,区别在于,本实施例中,镧系稀土硝酸盐为Nd(NO3)3·6H2O,制得的目标产物(7.20mg,收率88%,纯度97%)。
用核磁共振仪对制得的目标产物进行核磁共振分析,得到如下结果:
目标产物稀土超分子包合物:
氢谱:1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.61(s,1H),8.24(s,1H),7.53(d,J=64.0Hz,4H),5.37(s,2H),2.91(s,2H),1.24(s,3H),具体核磁共振氢谱谱图见图9。
应用例:稀土超分子包合物在细胞荧光成像方面的应用
1、细胞培养
Hela细胞(宫颈癌细胞)购买自赛百慷(中国上海)生物科技有限公司,培养在Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养液(DMEM,HyClone)里,然后在加湿保温箱中添加10%v/v胎牛血清(FBS)、100U青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素,HeLa细胞在37℃、5%CO2条件下培养到使用为止。
2、稀土超分子包合物细胞毒性实验
用CCK-8法研究了实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物对Hela细胞的杀伤作用。用混合溶剂(PBS/DMSO,99:1,v/v)制备中浓度为0.1~100μM的原液。生长在原生质期的细胞在含有96孔的培养板(格瑞纳生物科技公司,弗里肯豪森,德国)中以10000个细胞/孔的密度接种,然后在37℃、5%CO2的环境下培育24小时。将不同浓度(1.6,3.2,6.4,12.5,25,50,100μM)的实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物(100μL/孔)添加到实验组中。同时在对照组也加入相同量的混合溶剂(PBS/DMSO,100μL/孔)。每个样本不同浓度做5组平行的复孔,一起在37℃、5%CO2的环境下孵育细胞24小时。接着,将10μL的CCK-8试剂加入到上述所有板的每个孔中,并在37℃、5%的二氧化碳环境下再继续孵育4小时。在读取培养板之前,注意要将待测板在轨道振动筛上轻轻混合1分钟,以确保颜色的均匀分布。用酶联免疫吸附测定仪(Dr-200Bs,德朗)测量在450nm处每个孔的OD570(吸光度值)。根据以下公式计算具体的细胞存活率(%)(所有实验组和对照组吸光度值应减去无任何细胞时的空白组):
3、细胞染色及显微成像实验
用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)配制出1mmol的实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物,用PBS稀释至10μM。显微镜下观察生长在培养基中的Hela细胞,用PBS洗涤3次,在PBS/DMSO(99:1,v/v,pH=7.4)溶液中,让细胞与实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物作用10min。然后,除去PBS/DMSO溶液,用PBS洗涤。最后,在细胞内荧光成像实验前应将细胞样品保存在4℃环境下。
4、结果
图10~13分别为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物在二氯甲烷和固态下的荧光发射图谱,荧光激发图谱,量子产率图以及荧光增强图谱;由图10的荧光发射图谱中可以看到有470nm左右以及616nm和656nm三个主要的发射峰,它们分别对应于溶剂分子作为配体的LMCT电荷转移以及5D0到7F2和5D0到7F2的跃迁;由图11的荧光激发图谱中可以看到,在230~380nm范围内出现一强的宽带,这源于Eu3+的7F0到5L6的跃迁。由图13的荧光增强图谱中可以看出,与纯的稀土离子相比,被主体分子包覆后荧光增强了17~50倍。
图14(a)~(c)为实施例1中制得的稀土超分子包合物的细胞显微荧光成像图,图14(d)和14(e)分别为该稀土超分子的细胞存活率和抑制率数据图。这些结果表明这些荧光稀土超分子包合物1有很好的生物相容性,与Hela癌细胞的细胞成像结果表明了这种稀土超分子也具有很好的生物摄取能力,与细胞质结合后发射出强烈的黄光。
由图10~14中的结果表明,本发明中提供的稀土超分子包合物能作为一类新型细胞成像试剂,进一步拓宽了稀土超分子包合物在细胞成像方面的应用。
以上所述本发明的具体实施方式,并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。任何根据本发明的技术构思所做出的各种其他相应的改变与变形,均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的稀土超分子包合物,其特征在于,所述Ln选自Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy和Nd中的至少一种。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯和8-羟基喹啉在碱性条件下,于85~150℃下进行亲核取代反应,得到8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉,所述1,3,5-三(溴甲基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯和所述8-羟基喹啉的摩尔比为1:3~3.3;
所述8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与镧系稀土硝酸盐在甲醇中,于20~200℃下进行自组装反应,得到反应产物,将所述反应产物冷却至常温,得到目标产物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲核取代反应中还加入了碱和有机溶剂,所述碱为碳酸钠、碳酸钾、三乙胺、DMAP、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾中的至少一种;所述有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙腈、乙醇、二氧六环、二氯甲烷中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱与所述8-羟基喹啉的摩尔比为1~10:1。
6.根据权利要求3所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲核取代反应的温度为85~125℃,反应时间为8~48h。
7.根据权利要求3所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述8,8',8”-(((2,4,6-三乙基苯-1,3,5-三)三(甲基))三(羟基))三喹啉与所述镧系稀土硝酸盐的摩尔比为0.1~10:1。
8.根据权利要求3所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述镧系稀土硝酸盐为铕、钆、铽、镝和钕的硝酸盐中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求3所述的稀土超分子包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述自组装反应的温度为60℃,反应时间为4~48h。
10.一种如权利要求1或2所述的稀土超分子包合物在细胞成像方面的应用。
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