CN111978076B - 一种凝胶浆料及凝胶注压成型坯体的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种凝胶浆料及凝胶注压成型坯体的方法,凝胶浆料的制备原料包括68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料;所述凝胶主料包括质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水;所述凝胶辅料包括质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。该凝胶浆料采用凝胶注压成型的坯体具有较好的致密度。还具有较高的寿命、优异的热稳定性、抗热震性;耐酸、耐碱、耐腐蚀、抗玻璃熔渣等金属的侵蚀。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于注浆成型坯体技术领域,尤其涉及一种凝胶浆料及凝胶注压成型坯体的方法。
背景技术
熔融石英坩埚是多晶铸锭过程的重要生产工具,国内外学者对其制备过程有着大量的研究成果,如不同的保温时间、成型方法、添加剂、颗粒级配等生产要素对于坩埚烧结后性质的影响,其目的主要在于提高坩埚的高温结构强度,以减少坩埚在高温下破裂的风险。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种凝胶浆料及凝胶注压成型坯体的方法,该凝胶浆料制备的成型坯体具有较好的致密度。
本发明提供了一种凝胶浆料,制备原料包括68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料;
所述凝胶主料包括质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水;
所述凝胶辅料包括质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。
本发明提供了一种采用上述技术方案凝胶浆料凝胶注压成型坯体的方法,包括以下步骤:
将质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水混合,球磨,得到1900~2100目的凝胶主料,将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、33~37℃下陈腐14~16天,得到陈腐浆料;
将质量比1.8~2.3:17~23:8~12的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2的混合物加入到所述陈腐浆料中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶浆料;
将所述凝胶浆料注浆至石膏模内,得到湿坯体;
将所述湿坯体干燥和烧制,得到成型坯体。
优选地,所述干燥的过程包括:
所述湿坯体常温下阴干9.5~1.5h,再在90~100℃下烘焙23~25h。
优选地,所述烧制的温度为400~1250℃,烧制的时间为5.5~8.5h。
优选地,所述烧制的过程包括:
将干燥后产物在400~600℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,再在800~1000℃烧制2.5~3.5小时,最后在1000~1240℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,得到成型坯体。
优选地,所述注浆的时间为26~28min;注浆的压力为28~32公斤。
优选地,所述凝胶浆料的含水率为20~22%。
优选地,所述湿坯体的含水率为3.5~4.5%;
所述石膏模的含水率为4.5~5.5%。
优选地,所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下陈腐14~16天的过程包括:
将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下先密封搅拌1天,再在盛凝胶主料的容器上开孔继续在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下搅拌13~15天。
本发明提供了一种凝胶浆料,制备原料包括68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料;所述凝胶主料包括质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水;所述凝胶辅料包括质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。该凝胶浆料采用凝胶注压成型的坯体具有较好的致密度。还具有较高的寿命、优异的热稳定性、抗热震性;耐酸、耐碱、耐腐蚀、抗玻璃熔渣等金属的侵蚀。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种凝胶浆料,制备原料包括68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料;
所述凝胶主料包括质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水;
所述凝胶辅料包括质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。
在本发明中,所述凝胶主料包括质量比为60:15:3:22的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水。所述甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为40~50%;具体实施例中,采用的甲基纤维素水溶液的质量浓度为45%。
所述凝胶辅料包括质量比为2:18:10的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。
所述凝胶主料和凝胶辅料的质量比具体为70:30。
在本发明中,所述高纯熔融SiO2采用市售商品即可。所述高纯熔融SiO2也可以按照以下方法制得:
将石英砂(SiO2)煅烧,得到煅烧后产物,球磨,再进行酸洗、烘干,磁选,得到高纯石英粉,再电弧炉熔融,得到高纯熔融SiO2。
高纯熔融SiO2中SiO2纯度不少于99.99%;晶型为α-SiO2。
本发明提供了一种采用上述技术方案凝胶浆料凝胶注压成型坯体的方法,包括以下步骤:
将质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯SiO2、30~50目高纯SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水混合,球磨,得到1900~2100目的凝胶主料,将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、33~37℃下陈腐14~16天,得到陈腐浆料;
将质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2的混合物加入到所述陈腐浆料中,搅拌均匀,得到含水率20~22%的凝胶浆料;
将所述凝胶浆料注浆至石膏模内,得到湿坯体;
将所述湿坯体干燥和烧制,得到成型坯体。
本发明将质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯SiO2、30~50目高纯SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水混合,球磨,得到1900~2100目的凝胶主料,在密封条件下,将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、33~37℃下陈腐14~16天,得到陈腐浆料。
本发明在球磨机中进行球磨;所述球磨的时间优选为46~50h,更优选为47~49h。球磨得到的浆料的目数优选为1900~2100目。
所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下陈腐14~16天的过程包括:
将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下先密封搅拌1天,再在盛凝胶主料的容器上开孔继续在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下搅拌13~15天。优选在容器上开直径55厘米的孔。
本发明优选将温度保持在不高于35℃下搅拌;温度的保持是为了不使浆料变质,这个过程中慢慢形成凝胶。陈腐过程中原料混合更均匀。
本发明将质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2的混合物加入到所述陈腐浆料中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶浆料。所述凝胶浆料的含水率优选控制在20~22%,更优选为20.5~21.5%,最优选为21%;该含水率有利于后期注浆成型。在本发明中,所述质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2的混合物作为凝胶辅料;凝胶辅料和陈腐浆料(或凝胶主料)的质量比为28~32:68~72,更优选为30:70。具体实施例中,凝胶辅料包括质量比为2:18:10的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。
本发明将所述凝胶浆料注浆至石膏模内,得到湿坯体。所述湿坯体的含水量为3.5~4.5%。
本发明为了方便脱模,在注模前配置石墨粉水溶液;所述石墨粉水溶液中水和石墨粉的质量比为6:1。本发明采用喷枪将石墨粉水溶液喷在石膏模的坯体接触处,自然干燥9.5~10.5天,再进烘房在70~100℃下焙烤直至石膏模完全干燥(含水率基本为0%)后在喷水至含水率为2.8~3.2%,密封条件下放置9.5~10.5h;待石膏模的水分含量为2.2~2.5%,将石墨粉水溶液再次喷至石膏模的坯体接触处,合模后准备注浆。所述石膏模的含水率为4.5~5.5%。
在本发明中,所述注浆的时间为26~28min;注浆的压力为28~32公斤。
本发明优选待坯体剩余3.5~4.5%的水分即可出模。注浆的进浆口采用塑料管;待注浆结束后用刮刀刮平坯体的进浆口的毛坯上的多余泥料。
得到湿坯体后,本发明将所述湿坯体干燥和烧制,得到成型坯体。在本发明中,所述干燥的过程包括:
所述湿坯体常温下阴干9.5~1.5h,再在90~100℃下烘焙23~25h。
本发明优选将湿坯体干燥至无水分,即含水率为0%。
在本发明中,所述烧制的温度为400~1250℃,烧制的时间为5.5~8.5h。所述烧制的过程包括:
将干燥后产物在400~600℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,再在800~1000℃烧制2.5~3.5小时,最后在1000~1240℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,得到成型坯体。
本发明优选将成型坯体精加工,优选用铣钻金刚砂轮钻磨将进口磨平毛糙。
该成型坯体在1200℃与冷水之间的冷热循环不小于20次,它的热传导率2~2.1W/(m·K),在1180℃以下不变化,荷重软化为1250℃,体积密度2.7~3g/cm3,常温电阻1015Ωcm;化学稳定性好,耐酸,耐碱,抗玻璃熔渣等熔融金属的侵蚀。该成型坯体的坯体致密,坩埚底平面平整光滑,操作简单方便,烧成范围广,产品不渗漏,不会丢失金银和有色金属。凝胶注压成型具有人性化,科学化经济效益和工作效率。广泛应用于各大冶炼,矿山,金银首饰加工等企业单位。
为了进一步说明本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明提供的一种凝胶浆料及凝胶注压成型坯体的方法进行详细地描述,但不能将它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
将8~15目高纯熔融SiO2 60%、30目~50目的高纯熔融SiO215%,质量浓度为45%的甲基纤维素水溶液3%,蒸馏水22%混合料一次加入到球磨机中,球磨48小时,得到2000目的凝胶浆料,再将上述凝胶浆料放置在密封的搅拌罐里,同时慢速60rpm搅拌机15天不停机的搅拌,保持浆料的温度在35℃左右搅拌存浆,前24小时保持密封,随后的十四天在存浆桶上方开一个55mm的小孔让凝胶浆料的温度保持在35℃之内,浆料陈腐十五天后,得到陈腐浆料;
取70%的陈腐浆料,再加30%的辅料,所述辅料包括质量比为2:18:10的质量浓度为45%的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2,用搅拌机均匀搅拌12h,加入真空机桶中抽真空,待凝胶浆料混合均匀后,pH值成酸性,得到含水率20.5~21.5%的凝胶浆料;
注模前配上一组石墨粉50微米以下的粉末,用质量比为6:1的蒸馏水和高纯石墨粉CMC混合,得到CMC水溶液,再用喷枪将CMC水溶液喷在石膏模的坯体接触处,自然干燥需要10天,进烘房的温度在90℃的焙烤直至石膏模完全干燥(含水率0%)后喷水至含水率3%,再次放置在封闭的条件下密封保持模具10个小时存放;石膏模的水分在2.5%左右,再将调配的CMC水溶液喷在模具的坯体接触处,再合模准备注浆,注浆时间为28min,待坯体大约剩余4%的水分出模,坏体有足够的强度,坯体致密,成型后再进行烘干,烘干需要按早期用常温阴干10小时,再在100℃的温度下烘焙24小时待完全无水分后为止;坯体成型干燥后进入窑炉中烧制;烧制温度500℃下烧2小时,900℃下烧3小时,1200℃下烧2小时,得到成型坯体,即坩埚。
本发明对所述成型坯体进行成分检测,结果见表1:
表1实施例1制备的成型坯体的成分检测结果
序号 | 成分名称 | 含量/% |
1 | SiO<sub>2</sub> | 99.27 |
2 | Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 0.53 |
3 | Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | 未检出 |
4 | TiO<sub>2</sub> | 未检出 |
5 | CaO | 未检出 |
6 | MgO | 0.02 |
7 | K<sub>2</sub>O | 0.06 |
8 | Na<sub>2</sub>O | 未检出 |
9 | L.O.I | 未检出 |
总量 | 99.88 |
本发明对成型坯体进行性能检测,结果见表2:
表2实施例1制备的成型坯体的性能检测结果
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种凝胶浆料,制备原料包括68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料;所述凝胶主料包括质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水;所述凝胶辅料包括质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2。该凝胶浆料采用凝胶注压成型的坯体具有较好的致密度。还具有较高的寿命、优异的热稳定性、抗热震性;耐酸、耐碱、耐腐蚀、抗玻璃熔渣等金属的侵蚀。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种凝胶浆料凝胶注压成型坯体的方法,包括以下步骤:
所述凝胶浆料的制备原料由68~72%的凝胶主料和28~32%的凝胶辅料组成;
将质量比为58~62:14~16:2.5~3.5:21~23的8~15目高纯熔融SiO2、30~50目高纯熔融SiO2、甲基纤维素水溶液和水混合,球磨,得到1900~2100目的凝胶主料,将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下陈腐14~16天,得到陈腐浆料;
将质量比1.8~2.3:17~19:9~11的甲基纤维素水溶液、45~55目高纯熔融SiO2和85~95目高纯熔融SiO2的混合物,即凝胶辅料,加入到所述陈腐浆料中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶浆料;
高纯熔融SiO2中SiO2纯度不少于99.99%;
将所述凝胶浆料注浆至石膏模内,得到湿坯体;所述凝胶浆料的含水率为20~22%;所述石膏模的含水率为4.5~5.5%;
将所述湿坯体干燥和烧制,得到成型坯体;所述湿坯体的含水率为3.5~4.5%;
所述干燥的过程包括:
所述湿坯体常温下阴干9.5~1.5h,再在90~100℃下烘焙23~25h;
所述烧制的过程包括:
将干燥后产物在400~600℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,再在800~1000℃烧制2.5~3.5小时,最后在1000~1240℃烧制1.5~2.5小时,得到成型坯体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述注浆的时间为26~28min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下陈腐14~16天的过程包括:
将所述凝胶主料在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下先密封搅拌1天,再在盛凝胶主料的容器上开孔继续在55~65rpm、不高于35℃下搅拌13~15天。
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