CN111975925A - 3D printing equipment and method for wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material - Google Patents

3D printing equipment and method for wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111975925A
CN111975925A CN202010817751.8A CN202010817751A CN111975925A CN 111975925 A CN111975925 A CN 111975925A CN 202010817751 A CN202010817751 A CN 202010817751A CN 111975925 A CN111975925 A CN 111975925A
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China
Prior art keywords
powder
printing
gypsum
axis motion
motion system
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CN202010817751.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
战丽
梁美芹
邹爱玲
刘晓军
李军
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Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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Beijing Jike Guochuang Lightweight Science Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010817751.8A priority Critical patent/CN111975925A/en
Publication of CN111975925A publication Critical patent/CN111975925A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to 3D printing equipment and a method for wide gypsum-based relief decorating materials. After the printing work is started, the printing control system drives the powder laying device to uniformly lay a layer of gypsum powder on the working platform, the array type micro-droplet spray heads are adopted to spray the adhesive on the gypsum powder layer which is laid in advance according to the relief contour of the current layer, after the printing of the current layer is finished, the powder laying process and the printing process are circulated until the printing of the relief decorative structure is finished. The wide gypsum-based relief decorative material manufactured by the device and the method has the advantages of high strength, small using amount of the binder, high forming precision and the like, and has popularization and use values.

Description

3D printing equipment and method for wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crossing of building materials and additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to 3D printing equipment and a method for a wide gypsum-based relief decorative material.
Background
The gypsum board is a building material with light weight, high strength, thin thickness, convenient processing, good performances of sound insulation, heat insulation, fire prevention and the like, and is one of the currently-developed novel light boards. At present, with the increasing demand of gypsum board relief decorative materials for building decoration in interior decoration, the improvement of the traditional manufacturing mode of gypsum board relief is imperative. The traditional gypsum board relief is usually manufactured by adopting a hot pressing or rolling process, a small part of gypsum board relief is formed by adopting a die pressing mode, and no matter which forming process is adopted, the die manufacturing process is complex, the production period is long, the pollution is large, and the manufacturing cost is high.
Aiming at the problems that the traditional gypsum relief molding needs a complex die, the molding process is complex, the period is long, the energy consumption is high, the pollution is large and the like, the invention provides the 3D printing equipment and the method for the gypsum-based relief decoration and finishing material, the relief decoration is directly molded by the 3D printing method, and the requirements of individuation and rapidness of the gypsum board decoration material at present are met. The 3D printing equipment provided by the invention has the advantages of large size, high-precision forming, low engineering cost and simple process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides 3D printing equipment and a method for a wide gypsum-based relief decoration and finishing material, aiming at solving the problems of complex mold manufacturing process, long production period, high pollution, high manufacturing cost and the like in the existing gypsum-based relief manufacturing, and aiming at realizing greenization and rapid forming in the relief production and meeting the personalized requirements of products.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
A3D printing device for wide gypsum-based embossment decorating materials comprises a feeding mechanism (1), a powder falling device (2), a powder spreading device (3), a working platform device (4), a multi-axis motion system (5), a water-based spray head integrated printing device (6), a printing control system (7) and an ink cup device (8).
Furthermore, the feeding mechanism (1) is fixed at one end of the whole device, and provides quantitative gypsum powder for the powder box (29) according to the size of the printing relief for later-stage printing.
Furthermore, the powder falling device (2) is integrated on the cross beam (9), and can perform partition powder falling according to different printing positions and different widths, so that powder waste is reduced; the device internally mounted has (mixing) shaft, stirring fan blade, can carry out continuous stirring to the powder, prevents the powder caking, and influences the powder effect that falls.
Furthermore, the powder spreading device (3) is integrated at the lower part of the cross beam (9) and has a certain initial height away from the working platform, the powder spreading roller (26) is connected with the roller motor (27) through a belt pulley and a belt, and the roller motor (27) drives the powder spreading roller (26) to rotate through the belt, so that the powder spreading function is realized.
Further, the work platform arrangement (4) comprises: the device comprises a working platform (10), a vacuum adsorption system and a powder recovery tank (11), wherein the working platform device (4) is biased at one side of the whole device and is used for placing a gypsum substrate; the vacuum adsorption system consists of a multi-branch vacuum pipeline system, and can adsorb in different areas according to different printing sizes, so that the gypsum substrate can be flexibly fixed; the powder recovery tank (11) is positioned on one side of the working platform (10), and a handle is arranged at one end of the powder recovery tank and is convenient to move; the material selected by the powder recovery tank (11) is corrosion-resistant material, such as stainless steel, plastic and the like.
Further, the multi-axis motion system (5) comprises an X-axis motion system (12), a Y-axis motion system (13) and a Z-axis motion system (14). The X-axis motion system (12) comprises a set of guide rail (15), a sliding block (16), a lead screw (17) and a servo motor (18), and is horizontally fixed on an equipment main frame (28) to drive the powder paving device (3) to realize the powder paving process; the Y-axis motion system (13) comprises a cross beam (9), a module (19) and a motor (20), is arranged above the X-axis motion system (12) and can freely slide on an X axis, and the X-axis motion system (12) and the Y-axis motion system (13) realize the motion of the water-based spray head; the Z-axis motion system (14) is arranged below the working platform device (4) and comprises four sets of electric cylinder devices (21) which are symmetrically arranged, and the Z-axis motion system (14) realizes the height displacement of the gypsum-based embossment.
Further, the water-based head integrated printing apparatus (6) includes: a nozzle fixing device (23) and a nozzle adjusting mechanism (22) which are fixed on the Y-axis sliding block, and a nozzle feeding system which is connected with the nozzle. The spray head fixing device (23) comprises a spray head fixing seat (24) and a spray head positioning pin (30), the spray head fixing seat (24) is installed at the tail end of a Y axis and used for fixing the spray head (25) on the Y axis, the spray head (25) consists of a plurality of array type micro-droplet spray heads, and the plurality of spray heads (25) can be installed in parallel according to the size requirement of a printed piece; the showerhead feed system, comprising: the storage tank, the air pump and its annex of storage tank one side connection to and the conveying pipeline of connecting storage tank and shower nozzle.
Furthermore, the printing control system (7) is used for carrying out function control on the whole printing process on the feeding mechanism (1), the powder falling device (2), the powder spreading device (3), the working platform device (4), the multi-axis motion system (5) and the water-based spray head integrated printing device (6).
Further, the ink cup device (8) achieves a moisturizing function on the printing nozzle (25), and the service life of the nozzle (25) is prolonged.
Further, the printing method comprises the following steps:
setting printing parameters by using an input and output system or remotely setting the printing parameters by using a mobile terminal;
secondly, the feeding system (1) supplies a certain amount of gypsum powder to the powder falling device (2), and the stirring system is started to start stirring;
thirdly, the vacuum adsorption system starts to work, and the gypsum board is fixed on the working platform (10);
quantitatively dropping the powder by the powder dropping device (2) in regions, and uniformly laying a layer of gypsum powder on the working platform (10) by the powder laying device (3);
after the Z-axis motion system (14) drives the working platform (10) to descend by one layer, the array type droplet spray heads (25) on the X-axis motion system (12) and the Y-axis motion system (13) spray adhesive on a pre-paved powder layer according to the relief profile information of the current layer to finish the printing of the current layer;
sixthly, repeating the steps from four to five, spreading powder layer by layer, spraying adhesive layer by layer for forming, stopping printing until the program of the object to be printed set by the printing control system (7) is finished, removing redundant powder, and performing surface treatment to obtain the object to be printed. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the 3D printing equipment and the method for the wide gypsum-based relief decoration material overcome the defects of environmental pollution, single product, long production period and the like in the traditional gypsum-based relief decoration manufacturing process, and can meet the requirements of individuation and short period of the relief by producing the gypsum-based decoration relief through a 3D printing mode. The 3D printing equipment provided by the invention has the advantages of large size, high-precision forming, convenience in movement and small occupied space during use. The device can be connected with a plurality of nozzles in parallel for simultaneous printing, the gypsum-based relief printing forming efficiency is greatly improved, and the device and the method can effectively promote the application of a 3D process in the industry after being applied to interior decoration projects.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall configuration of a wide gypsum-based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a motion system structure of a wide gypsum-based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a work platform device of a 3D printing apparatus for wide-width gypsum-based relief decorating material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water-based nozzle assembly of a wide-format gypsum-based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a powder laying device of a 3D printing apparatus for wide gypsum-based relief decorating material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a 3D printing case of a wide gypsum-based relief decorating material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a feeding mechanism; 2. a powder falling device; 3. a powder spreading device; 4. a work platform device; 5. a multi-axis motion system; 6. a water-based spray head integrated printing device; 7. a print control system; 8. a cup device; 9. a cross beam; 10. a working platform; 11. a powder recovery tank; 12. an X-axis motion system; 13. a Y-axis motion system; 14. a Z-axis motion system; 15. a guide rail; 16. a slider; 17. a lead screw; 18. a servo motor; 19. a module; 20. a motor; 21. an electric cylinder device; 22. a spray head adjusting mechanism; 23. a nozzle fixing device; 24. a nozzle fixing seat; 25. a spray head; 26. spreading a powder roller; 27. a roller motor; 28. a main frame; 29. powder box; 30. and a spray head positioning pin.
Detailed Description
In the present embodiment, a wide gypsum-based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus and method are provided, and the following detailed description is made of an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be embodied in many different forms as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
A3D printing device for wide gypsum-based embossment decorating materials comprises a feeding mechanism 1, a powder falling device 2, a powder laying device 3, a working platform device 4, a multi-axis motion system 5, a water-based spray head integrated printing device 6, a printing control system 7 and an ink cup device 8, and is shown in figure 1.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, the multi-axis motion system 5 is located above the work platform 10. The X-axis motion system 12 is fixed on the main frame 28 in parallel, the transverse span of the two guide rails 15 is 1960mm, and the stroke is 2569 mm; the Y-axis motion system 13 is placed on the X-axis motion system 12, and the stroke is 1500 mm; the Z-axis motion system 14 is arranged at the lower part of the working platform 10, and the stroke is 150 mm.
Preferably, with reference to fig. 3, the work platform means 4 comprise: working platform 10, vacuum adsorption system, powder accumulator tank 11. The working platform 10 is an aluminum casting, the size is 2596 multiplied by 1396mm, a vacuum adsorption system is arranged below the working platform, and the working platform can adsorb according to different printing sizes in different areas, so that the gypsum substrate can be flexibly fixed. The powder recovery tank 11 is positioned on one side of the working platform 10 and is made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel, plastics and the like; the handle is installed to 11 one ends of powder accumulator tank, conveniently removes.
Preferably, referring to fig. 4, each nozzle 25 is composed of 7680 arrayed droplet nozzles, the width of each nozzle is 40mm, and 4 nozzles 25 can be installed in parallel when printing large embossed gypsum boards.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the feeding mechanism 1 is fixed on a main frame 28, the powder falling device 2 and the powder spreading device 3 are mounted on a cross beam 9 moving along the X direction, the water-based spray head 25 integrated with the printing device is mounted on a Y-direction slide block, and the printing control system 7 controls the whole printing process according to the relief pattern, wherein the forming range of the whole device is 1200 × 2400 × 150 mm.
Example 2
The embossed side of the gypsum web was 800mm by 400mm in size and 15mm high, as shown in FIG. 6.
With the plant shown in fig. 1, the operating procedures and parameters were as follows:
in the first step, the three-dimensional model of the relief is imported into a 3D printing device computer and processed by slicing.
And secondly, fixing the gypsum board on a working platform by using a vacuum adsorption system, starting a stirring motor to work, opening a powder falling port by moving a cylinder, closing the powder falling port for 2s in a certain time, and stopping the stirring motor. The x axis starts to move, and the powder paving motor drives the powder paving roller to start rotating at the same time, so that powder paving is realized. After the X axis moves for a certain distance, the stirring motor starts to work again, the powder falling port is opened by the movement of the air cylinder, the powder falling port is closed for 2s, the stirring motor stops, and the powder falling is repeated for many times. After powder spreading is finished, the Z axis is lowered by 0.1mm of layer thickness, the printing nozzle starts to print, the width of the nozzle is 40mm, and multiple XY reciprocating motions are needed to finish one-layer printing.
And thirdly, repeating the processes of powder falling, powder spreading and printing, and superposing layer by layer until the three-dimensional model printing is completed.
Fourthly, cleaning redundant powder, and drying and heating the model at the drying temperature of 50-80 ℃ for less than 1 hour.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a wide gypsum base relief (sculpture) ornamental material 3D printing apparatus which characterized in that includes:
the automatic powder distributing device comprises a feeding mechanism (1), a powder falling device (2), a powder laying device (3), a working platform device (4), a multi-axis motion system (5), a water-based spray head integrated printing device (6), a printing control system (7) and an ink cup device (8).
2. The 3D printing equipment for the wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding mechanism (1) is fixed at one end of the whole equipment, and provides a certain amount of gypsum powder for the powder box (29) according to the size of the printing embossment for later printing.
3. The 3D printing equipment for the wide gypsum-based relief decorating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder falling device (2) is integrated on the beam (9), and can perform powder falling in a subarea manner according to different printing positions and widths, so as to reduce powder waste; the device internally mounted has (mixing) shaft, stirring fan blade, can carry out continuous stirring to the powder, prevents the powder caking, and influences the powder effect that falls.
4. The 3D printing equipment for the wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder spreading device (3) is integrated at the lower part of the beam (9) and has a certain initial height from the working platform (10), the powder spreading roller (26) is connected with the roller motor (27) through a belt pulley and a belt, and the roller motor (27) drives the powder spreading roller (26) to rotate through the belt, so that the powder spreading function is realized.
5. A wide width gypsum based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the work platform means (4) comprises: the device comprises a working platform (10), a vacuum adsorption system and a powder recovery tank (11), wherein the working platform device (4) is biased at one side of the whole device and is used for placing a gypsum substrate;
the vacuum adsorption system consists of a multi-branch vacuum pipeline system, and can adsorb in different areas according to different printing sizes, so that the gypsum substrate can be flexibly fixed;
the powder recovery tank (11) is positioned on one side of the working platform (10), and a handle is arranged at one end of the powder recovery tank and is convenient to move; the material selected by the powder recovery tank (11) is corrosion-resistant material, such as stainless steel, plastic and the like.
6. The wide width gypsum-based relief decorating material 3D printing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the multi-axis motion system (5) comprises an X-axis motion system (12), a Y-axis motion system (13), and a Z-axis motion system (14).
The X-axis motion system (12) comprises a set of guide rail (15), a sliding block (16), a lead screw (17) and a servo motor (18), and is horizontally fixed on an equipment main frame (28) to drive the powder paving device (3) to realize the powder paving process;
the Y-axis motion system (13) comprises a cross beam (9), a module (19) and a motor (20), is arranged above the X-axis motion system (12) and can freely slide on an X axis, and the X-axis motion system (12) and the Y-axis motion system (13) realize the motion of the water-based spray head;
the Z-axis motion system (14) is arranged below the working platform device (4) and comprises four sets of electric cylinder devices (21) which are symmetrically arranged, and the Z-axis motion system (14) realizes the height displacement of the gypsum-based embossment.
7. The 3D printing apparatus for wide-format gypsum-based relief decorating material according to claim 1, wherein the water-based shower head integrated printing device (6) comprises: a spray head fixing device (23) and a spray head adjusting mechanism (22) which are fixed on the Y-axis sliding block, and a spray head feeding system which is connected with the spray head;
the spray head fixing device (23) comprises a spray head fixing seat (24) and a spray head positioning pin (30), the spray head fixing seat (24) is installed at the tail end of a Y axis and used for fixing the spray head (25) on the Y axis, the spray head (25) consists of a plurality of array type micro-droplet spray heads, and the plurality of spray heads (25) can be installed in parallel according to the size requirement of a printed piece;
the showerhead feed system, comprising: the storage tank, the air pump and its annex of storage tank one side connection to and the conveying pipeline of connecting storage tank and shower nozzle.
8. The 3D printing equipment for the wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the printing control system (7) is used for carrying out whole printing process function control on the feeding mechanism (1), the powder falling device (2), the powder spreading device (3), the working platform device (4), the multi-axis motion system (5) and the water-based spray head integrated printing device (6).
9. The 3D printing equipment for the wide gypsum-based relief decorating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ink cup device (8) realizes a moisturizing function for the printing nozzle (25), and prolongs the service life of the nozzle (25).
10. A3D printing method for a wide gypsum-based relief decorative material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting printing parameters by using an input and output system or remotely setting the printing parameters by using a mobile terminal;
secondly, the feeding mechanism (1) supplies a certain amount of gypsum powder to the powder dropping device (2), and a stirring system is started to start stirring;
thirdly, the vacuum adsorption system starts to work, and the gypsum board is fixed on the working platform (10);
quantitatively dropping the powder by the powder dropping device (2) in regions, and uniformly laying a layer of gypsum powder on the working platform (10) by the powder laying device (3);
after the Z-axis motion system (14) drives the working platform (10) to descend by one layer, the array type droplet spray heads (25) on the X-axis motion system (12) and the Y-axis motion system (13) spray adhesive on a pre-paved powder layer according to the relief profile information of the current layer to finish the printing of the current layer;
sixthly, repeating the steps from four to five, spreading powder layer by layer, spraying adhesive layer by layer for forming, stopping printing until the program of the object to be printed set by the printing control system (7) is finished, removing redundant powder, and performing surface treatment to obtain the object to be printed.
CN202010817751.8A 2020-08-14 2020-08-14 3D printing equipment and method for wide gypsum-based embossment decorative material Pending CN111975925A (en)

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CN113665106A (en) * 2021-09-23 2021-11-19 重庆理工大学 Bidirectional powder-spreading 3D printing method

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CN106476113A (en) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-08 安徽中科镭泰激光科技有限公司 Desk-top pottery three-dimensional spray printing forming machine and manufacturing process
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