CN111973731B - 冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂是由基础溶液、氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡组成。基础溶液的组分包括聚谷氨酸、泊洛沙姆和血管内皮细胞生长因子组成,聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆的质量比为1∶10,血管内皮细胞生长因子与泊洛沙姆10%的摩尔质量相等。氟碳气体微泡是由氢化大豆磷脂为泡膜材料包裹氟碳气体形成的泡囊组成,粒径范围为2~5μm。一氧化氮纳米泡是由蛋黄磷脂为泡膜材料包裹一氧化氮气体形成的泡囊组成,粒径范围为300~500nm。本发明的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂静脉注射后通过超声介导技术,实现冠心病的精准定位和靶向递释,用于冠心病的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种一氧化氮的制剂,特别涉及一种冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂。
背景技术
冠心病是一类由冠状动脉器质性(动脉粥样硬化或动力性血管痉挛)狭窄或阻塞引起的心肌缺血缺氧(心绞痛)或心肌坏死(心肌梗塞)的心血管病。研究发现,一氧化氮对冠心病具有很好的治疗潜力。冠状动脉内一定量的一氧化氮的释放,能够维持较低的冠状动脉阻力,保证心脏充足的供血,特别对于慢性心血管病的患者,一氧化氮能大大减少冠状动脉缺血的危害,防止冠心病的发作。
已有报道的用于补充体内一氧化氮的方法多是应用一氧化氮供体化合物。一氧化氮供体化合物分为两类:非酶生型和酶生型。非酶生型一氧化氮供体化合物大部分来自硝基化合物,包括硝普盐、有机或无机亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐、亚硝胺、氮芥、联氨等。而酶生型一氧化氮供体化合物(如精氨酸)需要通过体内生物酶等作用分解产生出一氧化氮分子。作为非酶生型一氧化氮供体化合物,硝酸甘油的舌下含片、单硝酸异山梨酯的口服片剂等经常用于冠心病的治疗。这些一氧化氮供体化合物给药剂量小,产生的一氧化氮分子无法迅速浓集于冠心病病灶部位起效,全身毒副作用较大,存在潜在安全性问题。
直接应用一氧化氮分子进行冠心病靶向治疗,其作用发挥的最好,安全性也最高。但是一氧化氮分子是气体形态,一氧化氮气体(NO)微溶于水,在20℃的水中溶解度仅为5.6×10-3g/L(相当于0.186μmol/L),无法直接制成普通递释制剂。
因此,虽然一氧化氮对冠心病具有很好的治疗潜力,但是一氧化氮作为气体,目前尚未见到能将一氧化氮气体高效携载于药物制剂并进行靶向递释治疗的研究报道。因此,制备高效携载一氧化氮气体的冠心病靶向定位和递释制剂是实现一氧化氮对于冠心病精准治疗的限制性瓶颈。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点(即:缺乏高效携载一氧化氮气体的冠心病靶向定位和递释制剂)提供一种冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,为保证一氧化氮有效治疗冠心病提供充分的保障,同时满足临床治疗的安全、有效、便捷、经济的要求。
通过大量实验发现本发明人发现,氢化大豆磷脂为泡膜材料包裹氟碳气体形成的2~5μm微泡同时具有良好的超声造影和空化爆破作用,该氟碳气体微泡在声场中爆破后产生的空化效应,有利于在血管上皮细胞上可逆性开放通道。而蛋黄磷脂为泡膜材料包裹一氧化氮气体形成的纳米泡具有很好一氧化氮储运能力,并且与血管上皮细胞亲和力强,可以借助空化效应发生体积变形,穿过比自身粒径小数十倍的孔径。但是微泡和纳米泡之间需要有足够的“黏合力”才能保证微泡产生的空化效应和纳米泡的变形递送达到完美结合。因此,本发明人通过大量实验筛选出聚谷氨酸和泊洛沙姆,在一定质量比时,两者可以发挥最佳作用。此外,血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)与一氧化氮纳米泡之间也具有很好的冠心病协同治疗作用。
最终形成本发明的一种冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,该递释制剂是由基础溶液、氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡组成。
上述的基础溶液的组分包括聚谷氨酸、泊洛沙姆和血管内皮细胞生长因子,聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆的质量比为1∶10,血管内皮细胞生长因子与泊洛沙姆10%的摩尔质量相等。
上述的氟碳气体微泡是由氢化大豆磷脂为泡膜材料包裹氟碳气体形成的泡囊组成。
上述的氟碳气体微泡的粒径范围为2~5μm。
上述的氟碳气体微泡在递释制剂中的浓度为1×106~5×106个/mL。
上述的一氧化氮纳米泡是由蛋黄磷脂为泡膜材料包裹一氧化氮气体形成的泡囊组成。
上述的一氧化氮纳米泡的粒径范围为300~500nm。
上述的一氧化氮纳米泡在递释制剂中的浓度为6×107~9×107个/mL。
一种上述的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)氟碳气体微泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入氢化大豆磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入氟碳气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,即得氟碳气体微泡。
(2)一氧化氮纳米泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入蛋黄磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入一氧化氮气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,高压通过规定孔径筛网进行粒径均化处理,即得一氧化氮纳米泡。
(3)取质量比为1∶10的聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆,溶解于注射用水中,加入与泊洛沙姆10%摩尔质量相等的血管内皮细胞生长因子,混匀后加入上述步骤(1)和(2)的氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡,形成超声诊断和治疗冠心病的递释制剂,15~20℃环境中密封避光保存。
上述的递释制剂静脉注射后通过超声介导技术,实现冠心病的精准定位和靶向递释,用于冠心病的治疗。
本发明的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂具有以下优点:①结合超声技术应用,发挥微泡和纳米泡之间协同作用,形成速释递送体系,起效迅速;②对于心血管组织有良好的亲和性和生物相容性;③不使用任何一氧化氮供体化合物,不会因为一氧化氮供体化合物对机体组织产生不良反应和毒副作用;④静脉注射后通过超声介导技术,实现冠心病病灶部位的精准定位、靶向递释和治疗;⑤储存和运输便捷。
具体实施方式
下文将详细描述本发明具体实施例。应当注意的是,下述实施例中描述的技术特征或者技术特征的组合不应当被认为是孤立的,它们可以被相互组合从而达到更好的技术效果。
实施例1冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂的制备
实验组的超声诊断和治疗冠心病的递释制剂的制备:按照表1的组分比例,进行以下步骤:
(1)氟碳气体微泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入氢化大豆磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入表1的氟碳气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,即得氟碳气体微泡。
(2)一氧化氮纳米泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入蛋黄磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入表1的一氧化氮气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,高压通过规定孔径筛网进行粒径均化处理,即得一氧化氮纳米泡。
(3)取质量比为1∶10的聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆,溶解于15倍(聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆总质量)的注射用水中,加入与泊洛沙姆10%摩尔质量相等的血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF),混匀后,在轻度搅拌作用下分别加入上述步骤(1)和(2)制备得到的氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡,形成实验组的超声诊断和治疗冠心病的递释制剂,15~20℃环境中密封避光保存。
对照组制剂的制备:按照表1的组分比例,参照实验组制剂的制备方法进行。各个实验组是根据本申请权利要求项保护范围内的组分和比例配置的,而各个对照组是某项组分缺失或组分质量百分含量超出本申请权利要求项保护的范围。
表1实验组和对照组的制剂组成
注:“√”代表该项按照实施例1实验组的浓度和方法制备;“/”代表该项不存在;*代表该项列名的组分被括号内的组分替代;“硝酸甘油亚微乳”是参照“中国医药工业杂志,2010(07):509-512”的方法制备;
C3F8代表全氟丙烷气体;SF6代表六氟化硫气体;NO代表一氧化氮气体;O2代表氧气;N2代表氮气;IGF-1代表胰岛素样生长因子-1。
实施例2冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂的应用效果
(1)冠心病模型动物的建立
SD大鼠经腹腔注射3%的戊巴比妥钠(60mg/kg)麻醉后,仰卧位固定在手术台上。将针形电极插入四肢皮下,全程记录心电图。大鼠备皮、常规消毒,于颈部正中行气管切开,插入气管套管,连接呼吸机控制通气。在胸骨正中左侧约0.5mm处纵行切开,钝性分离各层肌肉,暴露3至5肋间,用血管钳夹断4、5肋骨后,放置开睑器撑开切开部位,剪破心包膜,暴露跳动的心脏。以左冠状动脉主干为标志,用小圆针在左心耳根部下方约2mm处穿过左冠状动脉前降支心肌层,穿5-0丝线备用,待心电图恢复正常后记录正常心电图。结扎左冠状动脉前降支使心肌缺血,结合心电图ST段变化,确定造模成功。
(2)各组递释制剂的超声诊断和治疗效果评价
选取冠心病建模成功的大鼠,按照表1设计平均分成若干组,于第1、3、5天进行给药实验,具体为:大鼠麻醉后,通过超声成像仪将探头定位于心脏部位,尾静脉注射0.5mL各组递释制剂,即刻观察到心肌缺血部位的影像增强后,提高声压爆破氟碳气体微泡,即完成给药。第14天进行超声检查,记录心电图、左室舒张末期内径、左心射血分数等指标,然后处死大鼠,通过组织学染色,测定心肌梗死区面积,结合心电图、左心射血分数等指标,评价模型大鼠缺血心肌功能恢复情况,综合评价各组递释制剂诊断和治疗冠心病的效果。
以上各组评价结果见表2,综合各个评价指标,给出各组制剂的应用效果总评分。
表2实验组和对照组制剂对于冠心病模型动物的应用效果
由表2实验结果可见,实验组对于冠心病的超声诊断和治疗效果较好,特别是实验组6,超声图像清晰,心肌梗死区面积基本消失,心电图、左心射血分数等指标恢复至正常,冠心病的超声诊断和治疗作用很好。相比实验组,对照组对于冠心病的超声诊断和治疗效果明显较差,特别是对照组1~4和14~17,对于冠心病的超声图像差或治疗效果差。
表2的实验结果证明,本发明技术保护方案中的任一组分和条件都是相互协同、缺一不可的,缺乏本发明技术保护方案中的任一组分和条件,都会对冠心病的超声诊断和治疗效果产生明显的影响。本发明的制剂对于冠心病的超声诊断和治疗效果好,具有良好的应用前景。
上述说明是针对发明的可行实施例的具体说明,该实施例并非用以限制本发明的专利范围,凡未脱离本发明的等效实施或变更,均应当包含于本发明的专利范围内。此外,本领域技术人员在本发明权利要求公开的范围和精神内做其它形式和细节上的各种修改、添加和替换等变化,也都包含在本发明所要求保护的范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,其主要特征在于:所述的一氧化氮制剂是由基础溶液、氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡组成;所述的基础溶液的组分包括聚谷氨酸、泊洛沙姆和血管内皮细胞生长因子,聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆的质量比为1∶10,血管内皮细胞生长因子与泊洛沙姆10%的摩尔质量相等;所述的氟碳气体微泡是由氢化大豆磷脂为泡膜材料包裹氟碳气体形成的泡囊组成;所述的氟碳气体微泡的粒径范围为2~5μm;所述的氟碳气体微泡在递释制剂中的浓度为1×106~5×106个/mL;所述的一氧化氮纳米泡是由蛋黄磷脂为泡膜材料包裹一氧化氮气体形成的泡囊组成;所述的一氧化氮纳米泡的粒径范围为300~500nm;所述的一氧化氮纳米泡在递释制剂中的浓度为6×107~9×107个/mL;所述的一氧化氮制剂静脉注射后通过超声介导技术,实现冠心病的精准定位和靶向递释,用于冠心病的治疗。
2.根据权利要求1的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,其特征是:所述的氟碳气体微泡的粒径为3.5μm。
3.根据权利要求1的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,其特征是:所述的氟碳气体微泡在递释制剂中的浓度为3×106个/mL。
4.根据权利要求1的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,其特征是:所述的一氧化氮纳米泡的粒径为300nm。
5.根据权利要求1的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂,其特征是:所述的一氧化氮纳米泡在递释制剂中的浓度为7.5×107个/mL。
6.一种权利要求1~5任一项冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂的制备方法,其特征是:制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)氟碳气体微泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入氢化大豆磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入氟碳气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,即得氟碳气体微泡;
(2)一氧化氮纳米泡的制备:5mL甘油和45mL磷酸盐缓冲液混合,加热至65℃,加入蛋黄磷脂,混匀后转入具塞保温耐压容器中,抽真空后注入一氧化氮气体,通过漩涡混合器高速振荡3min,高压通过规定孔径筛网进行粒径均化处理,即得一氧化氮纳米泡;
(3)取质量比为1∶10的聚谷氨酸与泊洛沙姆,溶解于注射用水中,加入与泊洛沙姆10%摩尔质量相等的血管内皮细胞生长因子,混匀后加入上述步骤(1)和(2)的氟碳气体微泡和一氧化氮纳米泡,形成超声诊断和治疗冠心病的递释制剂,15~20℃环境中密封避光保存。
7.根据权利要求6所述的冠心病靶向定位和递释的一氧化氮制剂的制备方法,其特征是:所述的超声诊断和治疗冠心病的递释制剂静脉注射后通过超声介导技术,实现冠心病的精准定位和靶向递释,用于冠心病的治疗。
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