CN111972380B - Profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics and profiling control method - Google Patents

Profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics and profiling control method Download PDF

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CN111972380B
CN111972380B CN202010911259.7A CN202010911259A CN111972380B CN 111972380 B CN111972380 B CN 111972380B CN 202010911259 A CN202010911259 A CN 202010911259A CN 111972380 B CN111972380 B CN 111972380B
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rod
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push rod
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CN111972380A (en
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张慧春
南玉龙
周宏平
郑加强
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Nanjing Forestry University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0003—Atomisers or mist blowers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
    • A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0082—Undercarriages, frames, mountings, couplings, tanks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • A01M7/0089—Regulating or controlling systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics and a profiling control method, wherein the profiling variable spraying machine comprises a profiling mechanism module A, a profiling mechanism module B, a lifting sliding module, a profiling bracket module, a liquid supply system, an electric box and a detection module; on the basis of dividing functions and mechanisms of the profile modeling variable spraying machine, the modular and lightweight design is adopted, and the whole machine has the characteristics of compact structure, light and flexible structure, easiness in manufacturing and maintenance and the like. The self-adaptive profiling control method of the profiling variable spraying machine comprises the steps of automatically acquiring ultrasonic echo signals and processing the ultrasonic echo signals to obtain tree canopy phenotype characteristic information, and then calculating spraying amount according to canopy volume and canopy leaf area density phenotype characteristic parameters; the profiling mechanism is driven to profile by the profile control amount calculated by the ultrasonic ranging information, so that the tree crown profile is automatically profiled, the profiling precision is high, the spraying is accurate and efficient, the pesticide is saved, the environment is protected, and the operation is simple and convenient.

Description

Profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics and profiling control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent equipment of a spraying machine, and particularly relates to a profiling variable spraying machine based on tree crown phenotype characteristics and a profiling control method.
Background
In recent years, the forest industry in China is rapidly developed, and the planting area and the production capacity of various forests such as fruit trees, street trees, landscape trees and the like are increased year by year. In order to solve the problem of forest diseases and insect pests, the sampling accurate spraying pesticide application technology applies pesticide to trees, so that the diseases and insect pests can be prevented and controlled, and pesticide residue and environmental pollution can be reduced.
At present, a spraying machine has three main spraying modes, and a spray rod type spraying machine is mainly used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests of field crops; the inverted U-shaped sprayer is mainly used for spraying pesticide on the fence-frame type plants; the profiling sprayer is mainly used for profiling spraying of forest trees. The profiling spraying machine adjusts a spray head group on a machine arm of the spraying machine according to the outline of the tree canopy to match the outline shape of the tree canopy, and carries out targeted spraying operation so as to improve the distribution uniformity of fog drops on the tree canopy and the pesticide application efficiency.
Chinese patent application No. 201010132553.4, the patent document of 2010, 9.1.s discloses a method for changing a spraying rod of a spraying machine, through adjusting the position change of side spraying rods arranged at two sides of a fixed spraying rod, and adjusting the length or the installation position of an adjusting supporting rod connected between the side spraying rods and a vertical spraying rod, wherein the spraying rod is formed by connecting and communicating a horizontal spraying pipe with a spraying head and a vertical spraying pipe with a spraying head through flexible pipes, the horizontal spraying pipe and the vertical spraying pipe are respectively connected at the inner sides of the fixed spraying rod and the vertical spraying rod, and the spraying pipe forms a follow-up changing tunnel type spraying pipe through the position change of the fixed spraying rod, the side spraying rods and the vertical spraying rod, so as to adapt to the row spacing change of fruit trees and hedge frame crops and the spraying requirements of the fruit trees with different shapes and hedge frame crops. The invention has the characteristics of convenient adjustment of the position of the spray pipe, improvement of pesticide application efficiency and strong applicability. However, the technology disclosed by the patent needs manual adjustment, so that the operation difficulty is high, the efficiency is low, and the adjustment precision is poor; the whole mechanism is heavy and large and has poor flexibility.
Chinese patent application No. 201010132576.5, published as 2010, 9.1.5.A spray boom sprayer is disclosed, which comprises a suspension assembly, more than two spray boom air curtain assemblies, a liquid medicine conveying assembly and an air supply assembly, wherein the suspension frame of the suspension assembly is provided with two fixing frames, two telescopic rods with opposite screw holes are arranged on the two fixing frames, and an adjusting rod is connected to each telescopic rod; the fixed spray rod of the spray rod air curtain assembly is connected with the two movable spray rods through a spray rod changing mechanism, the fixed support is connected with the telescopic rod through a connecting rod, the flexible spray pipe and the flexible air curtain pipe are connected to the fixed spray rod and the movable spray rod, the flexible air curtain pipe is positioned on the outer side of the flexible spray pipe, and the flexible air curtain pipe is provided with more than one row of air outlet holes along the arrangement direction of the spray head; the liquid medicine conveying assembly and the air supply assembly are respectively connected and communicated with the respective flexible spray pipes and the flexible air curtain pipe to form spray areas with various shapes and line spacing changes, so that targeted spraying of pesticide is realized, drifting of fog drops is reduced, and the disease and pest control operation of field plants, fruit trees, seedlings and fence-type plants can be simultaneously met. Adopt polygon T shape round pin to realize the regulation of contained angle between activity spray lance and the fixed spray lance in the technique that this patent application discloses, it is poor to adjust the precision, and manual operation efficiency is very low.
Chinese patent application No. 201210594752.6, published as patent document 2013, 4/3, discloses a three-in-one multifunctional spraying machine and a three-station transformation method, comprising a spray lance transformation device, a spraying device, an air flow auxiliary device and a liquid medicine recovery device; the spray rod conversion device controls each functional rack by a hydraulic system respectively to realize the lifting, the falling and the folding of the spray rod and the conversion of different heights and different spraying modes; the spraying device conveys the liquid medicine to the diaphragm pump from the liquid medicine box and then is connected to each spray head through a conveying pipeline to realize the spraying of the liquid medicine; the airflow auxiliary device forms a uniform air curtain, so that the penetrability and the deposition uniformity of sprayed droplets are improved; the liquid medicine recovery unit converges the residual liquid medicine that will drip from the crop branch and leaf to the collecting pipe after retrieving cloth filtration pore filtration, and rethread diaphragm pump is retrieved residual liquid medicine to the liquid medicine case, improves the liquid medicine utilization ratio. The invention integrates three spraying modes of spray rod type, tunnel type and profiling type, and has the structure conversion function of field crop spray rod type spraying, garden crop tunnel type spraying and orchard profiling type spraying. The technology disclosed in the patent adopts a hydraulic system to control the spray rod transformation, the spray rod transformation needs to be artificially controlled, and the accuracy of tree canopy profiling is insufficient. The cross section profiles of the canopy of the same tree are different, continuous and accurate profile modeling spraying is carried out on a single tree, and manual subjective control of profile modeling is difficult to realize.
The disclosed technique of the above patent all has the problems of heavy and bulky copying mechanism, low automation degree, poor copying precision, large operation difficulty, low efficiency and the like, and has the following limitations: the method is only used for collecting and analyzing the single phenotypic characteristics of the canopy contour in a single plane and is limited by few character parameters, so that the variable spraying processing speed is low, the precision is low, the technical limitation exists, and the method is not suitable for large-scale accurate spraying of different tree species and different tree forms. Therefore, further improvements to existing sprayers are necessary to improve the overall performance of the contour sprayer.
Phenotype is the result of the combined action of a genotype and the environment, which means that the organism determines the shape, structure, size, color, composition, functional characteristics and other properties expressed by the genotype in a given environment. The crown phenotype characteristics comprise the volume of a crown layer, the density of the crown layer, the density of leaf area and the like. The profiling variable spraying machine and the profiling control method based on the crown phenotype characteristics not only upgrade from traditional continuous uniform spraying to intermittent targeting spraying for detecting whether trees exist, but also realize accurate change of flow aiming at the crown phenotype characteristics such as the volume of a crown layer, the area density of the crown layer leaves and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior profiling spraying machine has the problems of large and heavy mechanism, poor flexibility, large manufacturing difficulty, high production cost and the like in the aspect of a profiling mechanism; in the aspect of profile control, manual control of profile modeling is generally adopted, the problems of poor profile modeling accuracy, high operation difficulty, low efficiency and the like exist, and a profile modeling variable spraying machine and a profile modeling control method based on the crown phenotype characteristics are provided, wherein the profile modeling variable spraying machine adopts modularization and lightweight design on the basis of dividing functions and mechanisms of the profile modeling variable spraying machine, and the whole machine has the characteristics of compact structure, lightness, flexibility, easiness in manufacturing, easiness in maintenance, low production cost and the like; the profiling control method of the profiling variable spraying machine automatically acquires ultrasonic echo signals, processes phenotypic characteristic information of the tree canopy, calculates profiling control quantity, drives the profiling mechanism to profile, achieves automatic profiling of the tree canopy contour, and is high in profiling precision, accurate and efficient in spraying, pesticide-saving, environment-friendly and simple and convenient to operate.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics comprises a profiling mechanism, a liquid supply system, an electric box and a detection module; the profiling mechanism comprises a profiling mechanism module A, a profiling mechanism module B, a lifting sliding module and a profiling bracket module;
the profiling mechanism module A is fixedly connected with a lifting rod of the lifting sliding module through a first mounting connecting plate; the profiling mechanism module B is fixedly connected with a lifting rod of the lifting sliding module through a second mounting connecting plate; the lifting sliding module is connected with the profiling bracket module, the liquid supply system and the electric box are both connected to the profiling bracket module, and the detection module is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module;
the liquid supply system is used for supplying liquid to the spray heads in the profiling mechanism module A and the profiling mechanism module B;
the electric box is used for controlling the work of the profiling mechanism module A, the profiling mechanism module B, the lifting sliding module and the detection module.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the number of the profiling mechanism modules A is two, and the profiling mechanism module B is positioned between the two profiling mechanism modules A;
the profiling mechanism module A comprises a first stepping push rod, a first mounting connecting plate, a first fixed connecting rod, an encoder, a movable hinge, an elastic coupling, a hollow tube mounting seat, an electromagnetic valve, a spray head, a hollow tube and a first rotating connecting rod;
two ends of a first stepping push rod in the profiling mechanism module A are respectively and rotatably connected with one end of a first mounting connecting plate and one end of a first rotating connecting rod in a rotating mode; one end of the first fixed connecting rod is fixedly connected with the other end of the first mounting connecting plate, and the other end of the first fixed connecting rod is fixedly connected with one end of the movable hinge; one end of the first rotating connecting rod is fixedly connected with the other end of the movable hinge;
one end of a hollow tube mounting seat in the profiling mechanism module A is fixedly connected with the first rotating connecting rod, and the other end of the hollow tube mounting seat in the profiling mechanism module A is fixedly connected with the hollow tube; the electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe, one end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the spray head through a water pipe, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the liquid supply system through a liquid supply water pipe; the spray head is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe;
and an encoder in the profiling mechanism module A is connected with a rotating shaft of the movable hinge through an elastic coupling.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the profiling mechanism module A also comprises a stepping push rod supporting seat, a wire groove, a profile angle code and an encoder mounting frame;
two ends of a first stepping push rod in the profiling mechanism module A are connected with the stepping push rod supporting seats in a rotating mode, one stepping push rod supporting seat is fixedly connected with one end of the first mounting connecting plate, and the other stepping push rod supporting seat is fixedly connected with one end of the first rotating connecting rod;
the first fixed connecting rod and the first rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module A are both provided with wire grooves for placing control wires of the electromagnetic valve and the first stepping push rod and a liquid supply pipe;
one end of an encoder mounting frame in the profiling mechanism module A is fixedly connected with a first fixed connecting rod through a profile corner connector; the encoder is connected to the encoder mounting frame;
the number of the spray heads and the number of the electromagnetic valves in the profiling mechanism module A are 3.
As a further improved technical scheme, the profiling mechanism module B comprises a second fixed connecting rod, a second mounting connecting plate, a second stepping push rod, a second rotating connecting rod, an encoder, a movable hinge, an elastic coupling, a hollow pipe mounting seat, an electromagnetic valve, a spray head and a hollow pipe;
one end of a second fixed connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module B is fixedly connected with one end of a second mounting connecting plate, and the other end of the second fixed connecting rod is fixedly connected with one end of a movable hinge; the center of the second rotating connecting rod is fixedly connected with the other end of the movable hinge; two ends of the second stepping push rod are respectively in rotating connection with the second mounting connecting plate and the second rotating connecting rod in a rotating mode;
one end of a hollow tube mounting seat in the profiling mechanism module B is fixedly connected with the second rotating connecting rod, and the other end of the hollow tube mounting seat in the profiling mechanism module B is fixedly connected with the hollow tube; the electromagnetic valve is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe, one end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the spray head through a water pipe, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the liquid supply system through a liquid supply water pipe; the spray head is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe;
and an encoder in the profiling mechanism module B is connected with a rotating shaft of the movable hinge through an elastic coupling.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the profiling mechanism module B also comprises a stepping push rod supporting seat, a wire groove, a profile angle code and an encoder mounting frame;
two ends of a second stepping push rod in the profiling mechanism module B are connected with the stepping push rod supporting seats in a rotating mode, one stepping push rod supporting seat is fixedly connected with the second mounting connecting plate, and the other stepping push rod supporting seat is fixedly connected with the second rotating connecting rod;
the second fixed connecting rod and the second rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module B are both provided with wire grooves for placing control wires of the electromagnetic valve and the second stepping push rod and a liquid supply pipe;
one end of an encoder mounting frame in the profiling mechanism module B is fixedly connected with a second fixed connecting rod through a profile corner connector; the encoder is connected to the encoder mounting frame;
and 2 spray heads and 2 electromagnetic valves in the profiling mechanism module B are provided.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the lifting sliding module comprises a linear guide rail, a sliding block mounting plate, a lifting rod, a stepping push rod connecting seat, a third stepping push rod, a connecting rod, a stepping push rod supporting seat, an encoder mounting frame and an elastic coupling;
a sliding block in the lifting sliding module is connected with the linear guide rail in a sliding manner, and the back surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected with a sliding block mounting plate; the slide block mounting plate is fixedly connected to the lifting rod through a bolt; one end of a third step push rod is connected with a stepping push rod supporting seat in a rotating mode, the stepping push rod supporting seat is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module, and the other end of the third step push rod is connected with a stepping push rod connecting seat through a revolute pair; the stepping push rod connecting seat is fixedly connected with the lifting rod through a bolt; the connecting rod is connected to the profiling bracket module; the shaft of the encoder is connected with the shaft of the stepping motor of the third stepping push rod through an elastic coupling; the encoder is arranged on the encoder mounting frame; the encoder mounting frame is fixed on the connecting rod through a bolt.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the electric box comprises a tree canopy information detection system control box, a profiling mechanism profiling control box and a spray volume control box; the tree canopy information detection system control box is fixedly connected to a sensor mounting rod of the detection module; the profiling mechanism profiling control box and the spraying amount control box are both fixedly connected to the profiling support module;
the tree canopy information detection system control box is in wireless communication connection with the profiling mechanism profiling control box and the spraying amount control box;
the ultrasonic sensor of the detection module is connected with the control box of the tree canopy information detection system through a control line;
the first stepping push rod, the second stepping push rod, the third stepping push rod and the encoder are connected with the profiling mechanism profiling control box through control lines;
the electromagnetic valve is connected with the spray quantity control box through a control line.
As a further improved technical scheme of the invention, the detection module comprises a plurality of ultrasonic sensors, a circuit board, a support rod, a sensor mounting rod, a profile corner connector and a wire groove which are arranged in an array;
the ultrasonic sensor in the detection module is arranged on the circuit board; the circuit board is fixedly connected with the profile corner connector; the section bar corner connector is arranged on the sensor mounting rod; the ultrasonic sensors are uniformly and alternately arranged on the sensor mounting rod;
the wire groove is fixedly connected to the sensor mounting rod and used for placing control wires of a plurality of ultrasonic sensors;
one end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the sensor mounting rod through a section bar corner connector, and the other end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module through a section bar corner connector.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts another technical scheme as follows:
a profiling control method of a profiling variable spraying machine based on crown phenotype characteristics comprises the following steps:
(1) the control box of the tree canopy information detection system sends an instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system, and the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction and replies the current position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine to the control box of the tree canopy information detection system;
the ground guide rail movement control system is used for driving and controlling the moving guide rail to drive the copying variable spraying machine to move;
the current position P2 of the profiling variable spraying machine is the current position of the ultrasonic sensor;
(2) the tree canopy information detection system control box sends a trigger signal to the multi-channel ultrasonic sensor, starts ranging and collects ultrasonic echo signals of the multi-channel ultrasonic sensor;
(3) the tree canopy information detection system control box calculates the ultrasonic echo mean value and crown phenotype characteristic information parameters, wherein the crown phenotype characteristic information parameters comprise the volume of a canopy of a tree and the area density of canopy leaves;
(4) calculating the rotation angle of a first rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module A and the rotation angle of a second rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module B according to the distance value measured by the ultrasonic sensor, and calculating a spray quantity value according to the canopy volume and the canopy leaf area density phenotype characteristic parameter;
(5) converting the spray quantity value into a duty ratio value of a solenoid valve PWM for controlling the flow of the spray head, recording the duty ratio value as an EMV _ PWM value, converting the rotation angle into a control value of the profiling mechanism, and recording the control value as an FXJG _ Ctrl value;
(6) taking the position value P2, the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value as a matrix one-row value, and storing the matrix one-row value into a matrix AllCtrl, wherein the matrix AllCtrl comprises n position values and n corresponding row control quantity values; wherein the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value are both control quantity values;
(7) the control box of the tree canopy information detection system sends an instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system, and the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction and replies the current position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine to the control box of the tree canopy information detection system; obtaining the current spraying position P3 which is P2-L, wherein L represents the distance of the array ultrasonic sensor in front of the spray head;
(8) according to the spraying position P3, if P3> is 0, indexing AllCtrl [ P3] in the matrix AllCtrl, and respectively sending the indexed control quantity values to a profiling mechanism profiling control box and a spraying quantity control box by a tree canopy information detection system control box; if P3<0, the sent control quantity value is set as a closed state value, and the tree canopy information detection system control box sends the closed state value to the profiling mechanism profiling control box and the spraying quantity control box respectively;
(9) the profiling mechanism profiling control box drives a first stepping push rod in the profiling mechanism module A, a second stepping push rod in the profiling mechanism module B and a third stepping push rod in the lifting sliding module according to the FXJG _ Ctrl value so as to realize real-time profiling of the target tree canopy;
the spray volume control box controls the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve according to the EMV _ PWM value so as to adjust the flow of the independent spray heads, so that real-time variable-flow spraying is carried out on the target tree canopy;
(10) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (9).
As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the calculating of the spray quantity value according to the phenotypic characteristic parameters of the canopy volume and the canopy leaf area density specifically includes:
the sampling times of the n ultrasonic sensors to the tree canopy along the y direction are m times; the required dosage PV in the unit volume of the tree canopy is as follows:
Figure BDA0002663360910000061
in the formula, PunitIs the application dosage of the tree canopy in unit volume of L/m3；kLAIs the canopy leaf area density coefficient; rhosnmIs in the position [ n, m](ii) canopy elemental leaf area density; smaxTaking S as the theoretical maximum leaf area density of the tree canopymax＝5.3m2m-3；VnmIs [ n, m ]]The volume of canopy cells;
the number of the spray heads arranged on the profiling bracket module is NbThe number of spray units corresponding to the z direction is NbThe number of canopy cells corresponding to the z direction of a single spray head spray is Nz, then Nb、NzAnd n is in the relationship:
Figure BDA0002663360910000071
the number of the canopy units corresponding to the y direction of the single spray head is NyNumber of spraying units M in y-directionbThen M isb、NzAnd m is in the relationship:
Figure BDA0002663360910000072
the application amount BVS required by the spraying unit corresponding to each spray head is as follows:
Figure BDA0002663360910000073
the calculation of the rotation angle of the first rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module a and the rotation angle of the second rotating connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module B according to the distance value measured by the ultrasonic sensor specifically includes:
(a) adjusting the lifting rod of the lifting sliding module according to the average tree height of the tree row to enable the top height of the profiling mechanism module A at the upper part to be higher than the average tree height of the tree row;
(b) and at the current advancing position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine, 8 ultrasonic sensors detect the target tree canopy to obtain the distance information D of the target tree canopy [ P2, D ═1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,d7,d8]，d1～d8Respectively measuring the distance values of data sequentially by the ultrasonic sensors from the top to the bottom;
(c) according to the distance numerical information of the target tree canopy, calculating to obtain the target profiling rotation angle alpha of the first rotation connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module A at the upper part1The calculation method is shown as formula (8); calculating to obtain a target profiling rotation angle alpha of a second rotation connecting rod in the profiling mechanism module B2The calculation method is shown as formula (9); calculating to obtain the target imitation of the first rotating connecting rod in the lower imitation mechanism module AForm angle of rotation alpha3The calculation method is shown as formula (10); mixing P2, alpha1,α2,α3Storing the target profile-modeling rotation angle vector
Figure BDA0002663360910000074
Figure BDA0002663360910000075
Figure BDA0002663360910000081
Figure BDA0002663360910000082
In the formula: alpha is alpha1_last、α2_last、α3Last is respectively the angle alpha1、α2、α3The angle of the previous measurement;
(d) rotating the target by a desired angle vector
Figure BDA0002663360910000083
Sequentially storing the column vectors into a matrix beta:
Figure BDA0002663360910000084
(e) when the current position of the array ultrasonic sensor is P2, and when P3 is equal to P2-L and is not less than 0, searching beta [ n ] [0] to be P3 in the matrix beta through an index, and extracting the target profiling rotation angle of the nth row in the matrix beta, namely the target profiling rotation angle executed by the current position of the profiling mechanism; when the P3 is less than 0, the target copying rotation angles executed by the current position of the default copying mechanism are all 0 degree;
(f) the indexed target profile modeling rotation angle information executed at the current position of the profile modeling mechanism is sent to a profile modeling mechanism profile modeling control box, the profile modeling mechanism profile modeling control box executes self-adaptive profile modeling control on a profile modeling mechanism module A and a profile modeling mechanism module B, the self-adaptive profile modeling control methods of the profile modeling mechanism module A and the profile modeling mechanism module B are the same, and the self-adaptive profile modeling control method of the profile modeling mechanism module A specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
s1: an encoder on the profiling mechanism module A outputs a pulse signal to a profiling mechanism profiling control box in real time, and the profiling mechanism profiling control box obtains the current rotation angle of the first rotation connecting rod according to the real-time output pulse signal of the encoder;
s2: the current rotation angle of the first rotating connecting rod and the target profiling rotation angle alpha of the profiling mechanism module A1As the input value of the profiling mechanism profiling control box, obtaining the control pulse value of the stepping motor of the first stepping push rod;
s3: the profiling mechanism profiling control box sends a control signal to a stepping motor driver of the first stepping push rod according to the obtained control pulse value of the stepping motor of the first stepping push rod, drives the first stepping push rod to stretch and retract, and changes the rotation angle of the first rotating connecting rod;
(g) repeating steps (b) - (f)
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the profiling mechanism of the profiling variable spraying machine consists of a profiling mechanism module A, a profiling mechanism module B, a lifting telescopic module and a profiling support module, and has the characteristic of modular structure design. The profiling variable spraying machine is composed of a profiling mechanism, a liquid supply system, an electric box and a detection module, and has the characteristic of functional modular design. The modular design of the profiling variable spraying machine effectively shortens the design and manufacturing period of the profiling mechanism and reduces the production and manufacturing cost; the optimization design and the performance improvement of each module of the profiling variable spraying machine are facilitated; the relevance among all modules of the copying variable spraying machine is reduced, the influence on other modules caused by the fault of a single functional module is avoided, and the fault troubleshooting and maintenance of the copying variable spraying machine are facilitated. The intelligent forest profiling variable spraying machine adopts standard aluminum profiles, greatly reduces the weight of the whole machine on the premise of ensuring the stable structure, and has the characteristic of light weight design; meanwhile, the whole machine has compact structural design and is easy to transport and store.
(2) The method is characterized in that detection is carried out according to an ultrasonic sensor, so that the purposes of pesticide application when trees exist and pesticide application when trees do not exist are realized, and the traditional continuous uniform spraying is upgraded to intermittent targeting spraying for detecting whether trees exist, namely the pesticide application is carried out timely in a pesticide application link. And (3) collecting phenotypic characteristics, and aiming at the phenotypic characteristics of the crown, such as the volume of the crown, the area density of the crown leaves and the like, accurately changing the spray flow, namely applying the pesticide in a proper amount, and ensuring the coverage rate and the effective deposition of pesticide droplets.
(3) The self-adaptive profiling control method of the profiling variable spraying machine automatically collects and processes the phenotypic characteristic information of the tree canopy and calculates the rotation angle value of the profiling target. The profiling mechanism profiling control system collects pulses in real time from incremental encoders in the profiling mechanism module A and the profiling mechanism module B to obtain the current rotation angles of the first rotating connecting rod and the second rotating connecting rod. The rotation angle value of the profiling target and the current rotation angle value are used as input values of a CMAC (cerebral nerve network) and PID (proportion integration differentiation) parallel control algorithm, the control quantity values of a first stepping push rod of a profiling mechanism module A and a second stepping push rod of a profiling mechanism module B are calculated, and the profiling mechanism is driven to work, so that the automatic profiling of the spraying machine on the tree crown profile is realized, the profiling precision is high, the spraying is accurate and efficient, the pesticide is saved, the environment is protected, and the operation is simple and convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a principal view of a profile variable sprayer.
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a profile variable sprayer.
Fig. 3 is an isometric view of a cam mechanism module a.
Fig. 4 is a left-right equiangular shaft side view of the profiling mechanism module B.
Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view at I in the main view of the profile variable sprayer.
FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of a profile variable sprayer at II in an isometric view.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the profiling of a profiling variable spraying machine on a tree crown.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic sensor detecting information of phenotypic characteristics of a tree canopy.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a control procedure of the profiling variable flow rate spraying machine based on the crown phenotype characteristics.
The reference numerals in the schematic drawings illustrate: 100. a profiling mechanism module A; 101. a stepping push rod supporting seat; 102. a first step push rod; 103. a first mounting connection plate; 104. a first fixed link; 105. a wire slot; 106. carrying out section bar corner connection; 107. an encoder mounting bracket; 108. an encoder; 109. a living hinge; 110. an elastic coupling; 111. a hollow tube mounting seat; 112. an electromagnetic valve; 113. a spray head; 114. a hollow tube; 115. a first rotating link; 200. a profiling mechanism module B; 201. a second fixed link; 202. a second mounting connection plate; 203. a second step of pushing the push rod; 204. a second rotating link; 300. a lifting telescopic module; 301. a linear guide rail; 302. a slider; 303. a slider mounting plate; 304. a lifting rod; 305. a step push rod connecting seat; 306. thirdly, pushing the rod; 307. a connecting rod; 400. a profiling bracket module; 501. a water pump; 502. an air tank; 503. a pressure gauge; 504. a medicine chest; 500. a liquid supply system; 600. an electric box; 610. a tree canopy information detection system control box 620, a profiling mechanism profiling control box 630 and a spray amount control box; 700. a detection module; 701. an ultrasonic sensor; 702. a circuit board; 703. a support bar; 704. a sensor mounting rod.
Detailed Description
The following further description of embodiments of the invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 5, the profiling variable spraying machine based on the crown phenotype characteristics of the embodiment comprises a profiling mechanism, a liquid supply system 500, an electric box 600 and a detection module 700. Wherein the profiling mechanism comprises a profiling bracket module 400, a profiling mechanism module A100, a profiling mechanism module B200 and a lifting sliding module 300. There are two profiling mechanism modules a100, located above and below the profiling mechanism module B200, respectively.
Specifically, the profiling mechanism module a100 is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 304 through a first mounting connection plate 103; the profiling mechanism module B200 is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 304 through a second mounting connection plate 202; the lifting sliding module 300 is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module 400 through a linear guide rail 301; the liquid supply system 500 is mounted at the bottom of the profile bracket module 400; the electrical box 600 is installed in the middle of the profile modeling bracket module 400; the detection module 700 is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module 400 through the corner connectors 106.
Referring to fig. 3, the profiling mechanism module a100 includes a step pusher support 101, a first step pusher 102, a first mounting connection plate 103, a first fixed link 104, a wire chase 105, a profile angle code 106, an encoder mounting bracket 107, an encoder 108, a living hinge 109, an elastic coupling 110, a hollow tube mounting seat 111, a solenoid valve 112, a spray head 113, a hollow tube 114, and a first rotating link 115.
Two ends of a first stepping push rod 102 in the profiling mechanism module A100 are connected with stepping push rod supporting seats 101 in a rotating mode, wherein one stepping push rod supporting seat 101 is fixedly connected with a first mounting connecting plate 103, and the other stepping push rod supporting seat 101 is fixedly connected with a first rotating connecting rod 115; one end of the first fixed connecting rod 104 is fixedly connected with the first mounting connecting plate 103, and the other end is fixedly connected with one end of the movable hinge 109; one end of the first rotating link 115 is fixedly connected to the other end of the living hinge 109.
One end of a hollow tube mounting seat 111 in the profiling mechanism module A100 is fixedly connected with a first rotating connecting rod 115, and the other end is fixedly connected with a hollow tube 114; the electromagnetic valve 112 is fixedly installed on the hollow tube 114, one end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the spray head 113 through a water pipe, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the liquid supply system 500 through a liquid supply water pipe. The spray head 113 is fixedly mounted on the hollow tube 114. There are 3 solenoid valves 112 and nozzles 113 in the profiling mechanism module a 100.
The first fixed link 104 and the first rotating link 115 in the profiling mechanism module a100 are each fitted with a wire chase 105 for placement of control lines for the solenoid valve 112 and the first step push rod 102, and a liquid supply line.
One end of an encoder mounting frame 107 in the profiling mechanism module A100 is fixedly connected with the first fixed connecting rod 104 through a profile angle code 106; an encoder 108 is mounted on the encoder mounting bracket 107 and is coupled to the shaft of a living hinge 109 by a resilient coupling 110.
Referring to fig. 4, the profiling mechanism module B200 includes a second fixed link 201, a second mounting plate 202, a second stepping push rod 203, a second rotating link 204, a stepping push rod support 101, a wire groove 105, a profile angle code 106, an encoder mounting bracket 107, an encoder 108, a living hinge 109, an elastic coupling 110, a hollow tube mounting seat 111, an electromagnetic valve 112, a spray head 113 and a hollow tube 114.
One end of a second fixed connecting rod 201 in the profiling mechanism module B200 is fixedly connected with a second mounting connecting plate 202, and the other end is fixedly connected with one end of the movable hinge 109; the center position of the second rotating connecting rod 204 is fixedly connected with the other end of the movable hinge 109; two ends of the second stepping push rod 203 are connected with the stepping push rod supporting seats 101 in a rotating mode, one stepping push rod supporting seat 101 is fixedly connected with the second mounting connecting plate 202, and the other stepping push rod supporting seat 101 is fixedly connected with the second rotating connecting rod 204; the other components are mounted and connected in the same manner as the profiling mechanism module A100. There are 2 solenoid valves 112 and nozzles 113 in the profiling mechanism module B200.
As shown in fig. 5, the lifting and sliding module 300 includes a linear guide 301, a slider 302, a slider mounting plate 303, a lifting rod 304, a stepping push rod connection seat 305, a third stepping push rod 306, a connection rod 307, a stepping push rod support seat 101, an encoder 108, an encoder mounting bracket 107, and an elastic coupling 110.
A slide block 302 in the lifting slide module 300 is in slide connection with a linear guide rail 301, and the back surface of the lifting slide module is fixedly connected with a slide block mounting plate 303; the slider mounting plate 303 is fixedly mounted on the lifting rod 304 through bolts; one end of the third step push rod 306 is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module 400 through the step push rod supporting seat 101, and the other end is connected with the step push rod connecting seat 305 through a revolute pair; the stepping push rod connecting seat 305 is fixedly connected with the lifting rod 304 through a bolt; the tie bar 307 is mounted on the profile bracket module 400; the shaft of the encoder 107 is coupled to the shaft of the stepping motor of the third stepping push rod 306 through the elastic coupling 110; the encoder 107 is mounted on the encoder mount 108; the encoder mount 108 is fixed to the connecting rod 307 by bolts.
As shown in fig. 5, the liquid supply system 500 includes a water pump 501, an air tank 502, a pressure gauge 503, and a medicine box 504 (also referred to as a water tank), wherein the medicine box 504, the water pump 501, the air tank 502, and the pressure gauge 503 are connected in series by water pipes, and are finally connected to the solenoid valve 112 by a liquid supply pipe.
As shown in fig. 1, the electrical box 600 includes a tree canopy information detection system control box 610, a profiling mechanism profiling control box 620, and a spray amount control box 630. The tree canopy information detection system control box 610 is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting pole 704 of the detection module 700. The profiling mechanism profiling control box 620 and the spray volume control box 630 are both fixedly mounted on the profiling support module 400.
The tree canopy information detection system control box 610 is simultaneously in wireless communication connection with the profiling mechanism profiling control box 620 and the spraying amount control box 630 through a 2.4G communication module. The ultrasonic sensor 701 of the detection module 700 is connected with the tree canopy information detection system control box 610 through a control line. The first step push rod 102, the second step push rod 203, the third step push rod 306 and the encoder 108 are connected with the profiling mechanism profiling control box 620 through control lines. The solenoid valve 112 is connected with the spray amount control box 630 through a control line.
Referring to fig. 2 and 6, the detection module 700 includes an ultrasonic sensor 701, a circuit board 702, a support rod 703, a sensor mounting rod 704, a profile angle code 106, and a wire chase 105.
The ultrasonic sensor 701 is mounted on the circuit board 702; the circuit board 702 is fixedly connected with the profile corner connector 106; the profile corner brace 106 is mounted on a sensor mounting post 704; the 8 ultrasonic sensors 701 are uniformly installed on the sensor installation rod 704 and arranged in an array, and the interval between the ultrasonic sensors 701 is 30 cm. The wire chase 105 is fixedly mounted on the sensor mounting pole 704 for placing the wiring of the 8 ultrasonic sensors 701. One end of the support rod 703 is fixedly connected with the sensor mounting rod 704 through the profile angle brace 106, and the other end is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module 400 through the profile angle brace 106.
In this embodiment, an 8-channel array ultrasonic sensor 701 is used for detecting the canopy of a fruit tree for 1 time, canopy ranging information is directly obtained through detection, the isotypic characteristic parameters of the volume and the canopy amplitude of the canopy are obtained through calculation, and meanwhile, the isophenotypic characteristic parameters of the density of the canopy and the area density of leaves are extracted through calculation based on the mean value of ultrasonic echo signals (obtained through calculation in the prior art). As shown in fig. 9, in the present embodiment, a tree canopy information detection system control box 610 (hereinafter referred to as a tree canopy phenotype characteristic information detection system) is used as a 2.4G communication terminal, and a profiling mechanism profiling control box 620 (hereinafter referred to as a profiling mechanism profiling control system), a spray volume control box 630 (hereinafter referred to as a spray volume control system) and a ground guide rail movement control system are respectively used as 2.4 G communication clients 1, 2 and 3. The method for realizing variable-flow copying spraying by a copying variable spraying machine (namely the self-adaptive copying control method of the copying variable spraying machine based on the crown phenotype characteristics) by taking a main program of the crown phenotype characteristic information detection system as a main line is mainly characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) initializing parameters and setting a function mode of a 2.4G communication terminal and 2.4G communication clients 1-3;
(2) the crown phenotype characteristic information detection system sends a 'YDDG' instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system through the 2.4G communication module, and the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction 'YDDG' and replies the current position P2 of the profiling variable spraying machine to the crown phenotype characteristic information detection system. In the embodiment, the current position P2 is obtained by reading the pulse value from the rotary encoder arranged on the driving shaft of the ground guide rail movement control system; the array ultrasonic sensor 701 and a rotary encoder on the driving shaft are positioned in the same vertical direction, so that the current position of the profile modeling variable spraying machine is the current position of the ultrasonic sensor;
(3) an STM32F4 control board of the crown phenotype characteristic information detection system sends a trigger signal to the 8-path ultrasonic sensor 701, starts ranging, and opens 8-path ADC ports to acquire 8-path ultrasonic echo signals;
(4) after 24ms, the ADC is closed to collect ultrasonic echo signals, and one-time ranging is finished after 40 ms;
(5) calculating the mean value of the ultrasonic echoes and the tree crown phenotype characteristic information parameters (namely, the shape of the crown layer comprises the volume of the crown layer and the area density of the leaves of the crown layer);
(6) calculating the rotation angle of the profiling mechanism according to the distance value, and calculating the spray amount according to the volume of the canopy and the phenotypic characteristic parameters of the area density of the canopy leaves;
(7) converting the spray quantity value into a duty ratio value (EMV _ PWM value) of an electromagnetic valve 112PWM for controlling the flow of the spray head, and converting the rotation angle of the copying mechanism into a control value (FXJG _ Ctrl value) of the copying mechanism;
(8) taking the position value P2, the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value as a matrix one-row value, and storing the matrix one-row value into the matrix AllCtrl (namely, n position values are provided, and n rows of control quantity values are correspondingly provided); the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value both belong to control quantity values;
(9) the tree crown phenotype characteristic information detection system sends a 'YDDG' instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system through the 2.4G communication module, the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction 'YDDG', and replies a current position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine to the tree crown phenotype characteristic information detection system to obtain a current spraying position P3 which is P2-a front distance L (the position of the sensor in front of the spraying position L is 1 m), wherein L represents the distance of the array ultrasonic sensor 701 in front of the spray head 113;
(10) according to the spraying position P3, if P3> is 0, indexing AllCtrl [ P3] in a matrix AllCtrl, and respectively sending the indexed control quantity values to a copying mechanism copying control system and a spraying quantity control system through 2.4G communication; if P3<0, the transmitted control quantity is set as a closed state value and is respectively transmitted to the copying mechanism copying control system and the spraying quantity control system through 2.4G communication;
(11) the profiling mechanism profiling control system drives the first stepping push rod 102 in the profiling mechanism module a100, the second stepping push rod 203 in the profiling mechanism module B200 and the third stepping push rod 306 in the lifting sliding module 300 (as shown in fig. 7) according to the FXJG _ Ctrl value, so as to profile the target tree canopy in real time. The spray volume control system controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve 112 according to the EMV _ PWM value to adjust the flow of the 8 independent nozzles 113, so that real-time variable-flow spraying is carried out on the target tree canopy.
(12) And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (12).
The variable flow calculation method of the single nozzle 113 is as follows:
as shown in fig. 8, n (n is 8 in this example) ultrasonic sensors 701 sample the tree canopy m times in the y direction. The required amount of the medicine in the unit volume of the tree canopy is PV (L):
Figure BDA0002663360910000131
in the formula, PunitIs the applied amount per unit volume (L/m)3)，Punit＝0.1L/m3[13]，kLAIs the area density coefficient of the canopy leaf, rhosnmIs in the position [ n, m]Area density of canopy unit leaf, SmaxTaking S as the theoretical maximum leaf area density of the tree canopymax＝5.3m2m-3；VnmIs [ n, m ]]The volume of the canopy unit of (a).
The number of the spray heads 113 required to be installed on the single-side copying arm of the spraying machine is Nb(example NbThe number of the spraying units can be increased to 8 according to actual conditions), and the number of the spraying units corresponding to the z direction is NbThe number of canopy cells corresponding to the z direction of a single spray head spray is Nz, then Nb、NzAnd n:
Figure BDA0002663360910000141
the number of the canopy units corresponding to the y direction sprayed by the single spray head 113 is NyNumber of spraying units M in y-directionbThen M isb、NzAnd m:
Figure BDA0002663360910000142
the application amount bvs (l) required by the spray unit corresponding to each spray head 113 is:
Figure BDA0002663360910000143
in the self-adaptive profiling control method of the profiling variable spraying machine, 8 ultrasonic sensors 701 on a detection module 700 obtain the phenotype characteristic information of the tree canopy. The canopy phenotype characteristics are important factors for describing the structural characteristics of the tree canopy and are also important indexes for dynamic changes of tree canopy gaps.
According to the distance measuring information of the tree canopy, the profiling mechanism control system respectively and automatically controls the extension and retraction of the first stepping push rod 102 of the profiling mechanism module A100 and the second stepping push rod 203 of the profiling mechanism module B200 to drive the first rotating connecting rod 115 and the second rotating connecting rod 204 to rotate, so as to realize the self-adaptive profiling of the tree canopy contour, and the specific method is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: initializing all parameters of a profiling control system of the profiling variable spraying machine, and adjusting a lifting rod 304 of the lifting sliding module 300 according to the average tree height of a tree row to ensure that the top height of the profiling mechanism module A100 at the upper part is higher than the average tree height of the tree row;
step two: at the current traveling position P2 of the profile modeling variable sprayer, the 8 ultrasonic sensors 701 detect the target tree canopy to obtain target tree canopy distance information D ═ P2, D1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,d7,d8]，d1～d8Distance values of data sequentially measured by 8 ultrasonic sensors 701 from the top to the bottom respectively;
step three: according to the distance information of the target tree canopy, calculating to obtain the target copying rotation angle alpha of the copying mechanism module A100 (on the position)1The calculation method is shown as formula (1); the target profiling rotation angle alpha of the profiling mechanism module B2002The calculation method is as formula (2); the target copying rotation angle alpha of the copying mechanism module A100 (at the position)3The calculation method is shown as formula (3); mixing P2, alpha1,α2,α3Storing the target profile-modeling rotation angle vector
Figure BDA0002663360910000151
Figure BDA0002663360910000152
Figure BDA0002663360910000153
Figure BDA0002663360910000154
In the formula: alpha is alpha1_last、α2_last、α3Last is respectively the angle alpha1、α2、α3The angle of the previous measurement;
step four: copying the target to form an angle vector
Figure BDA0002663360910000155
Sequentially storing the column vectors into a matrix beta:
Figure BDA0002663360910000156
step five: when the current position of the array ultrasonic sensor 701 is at P2, and when P3-P2-L is not less than 0, in the matrix β, β [ n ] [0] ═ P3 is found by an index, and an nth row target copying angle in the matrix β, that is, a copying target angle executed by the current position of the copying mechanism, is extracted; when P3 is less than 0, the default copying target angle executed at the current position is 0 degree;
step six: and sending the indexed angle information of the copying target executed at the current position of the copying mechanism to a copying mechanism control system, and executing adaptive copying control on a copying mechanism module A100 and a copying mechanism module B200 by the copying mechanism control system. The adaptive profiling control method of the profiling mechanism module a100 is the same as that of the profiling mechanism module B200, and the adaptive profiling control method of the profiling mechanism module a100 is described as an example, and the specific sub-steps are as follows:
s1: the encoder of the profiling mechanism module a100 outputs a pulse signal to the profiling mechanism control system in real time, and the profiling mechanism control system obtains the current rotation angle of the first rotating link 115 according to the pulse signal output by the encoder in real time.
S2: the current rotation angle of the first rotation link 115 and the target profile angle α of the profiling mechanism module a1001The control pulse value of the stepping motor of the first stepping rod 102 is obtained as an input value of the algorithm of the CMAC neural network and the PID.
S3: the profiling mechanism control system sends a control signal to the stepping motor driver according to the obtained control pulse value of the stepping motor of the first stepping rod 102, drives the first stepping rod 102 to extend and retract, and changes the rotation angle of the first rotating connecting rod 115.
Step seven: and repeating the steps two to seven.
The scope of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments, and the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any alterations, modifications, and improvements that may occur to those skilled in the art are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A profile modeling variable sprayer based on crown phenotype characteristics which characterized in that: the device comprises a profiling mechanism, a liquid supply system (500), an electric box (600) and a detection module (700); the profiling mechanism comprises a profiling mechanism module A (100), a profiling mechanism module B (200), a lifting sliding module (300) and a profiling bracket module (400);
the profiling mechanism module A (100) is fixedly connected with a lifting rod (304) of the lifting sliding module (300) through a first mounting connecting plate (103); the profiling mechanism module B (200) is fixedly connected with a lifting rod (304) of the lifting sliding module (300) through a second mounting connecting plate (202); the lifting sliding module (300) is connected with the profiling bracket module (400), the liquid supply system (500) and the electric box (600) are both connected to the profiling bracket module (400), and the detection module (700) is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module (400);
the liquid supply system (500) is used for supplying liquid to spray heads (113) in a profiling mechanism module A (100) and a profiling mechanism module B (200);
the electric box (600) is used for controlling the work of the copying mechanism module A (100), the copying mechanism module B (200), the lifting sliding module (300) and the detection module (700);
the number of the profiling mechanism modules A (100) is two, and the profiling mechanism module B (200) is positioned between the two profiling mechanism modules A (100);
the profiling mechanism module A (100) comprises a first stepping rod (102), a first mounting connecting plate (103), a first fixed connecting rod (104), an encoder (108), a movable hinge (109), an elastic coupling (110), a hollow tube mounting seat (111), an electromagnetic valve (112), a spray head (113), a hollow tube (114) and a first rotating connecting rod (115);
two ends of a first pushing rod (102) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) are respectively and rotatably connected with one end of a first mounting connecting plate (103) and one end of a first rotating connecting rod (115) in a rotating mode; one end of the first fixed connecting rod (104) is fixedly connected with the other end of the first mounting connecting plate (103), and the other end of the first fixed connecting rod (104) is fixedly connected with one end of the movable hinge (109); one end of the first rotating connecting rod (115) is fixedly connected with the other end of the movable hinge (109);
one end of a hollow tube mounting seat (111) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) is fixedly connected with a first rotating connecting rod (115), and the other end of the hollow tube mounting seat is fixedly connected with a hollow tube (114); the electromagnetic valve (112) is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe (114), one end of the electromagnetic valve (112) is connected with the spray head (113) through a water pipe, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the liquid supply system (500) through a liquid supply water pipe; the spray head (113) is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe (114);
an encoder (108) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) is connected with a rotating shaft of a movable hinge (109) through an elastic coupling (110).
2. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the profiling mechanism module A (100) further comprises a stepping push rod supporting seat (101), a wire groove (105), a profile angle code (106) and an encoder mounting frame (107);
two ends of a first stepping push rod (102) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) are connected with stepping push rod supporting seats (101) in a rotating mode, one stepping push rod supporting seat (101) is fixedly connected with one end of a first mounting connecting plate (103), and the other stepping push rod supporting seat (101) is fixedly connected with one end of a first rotating connecting rod (115);
a first fixed connecting rod (104) and a first rotating connecting rod (115) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) are both provided with a wire casing (105), control wires for placing an electromagnetic valve (112) and a first stepping push rod (102), and a liquid supply pipe;
one end of an encoder mounting frame (107) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) is fixedly connected with a first fixed connecting rod (104) through a section bar corner connector (106); the encoder (108) is connected to the encoder mounting frame (107);
the number of the spray heads (113) and the number of the electromagnetic valves (112) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) are 3.
3. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the profiling mechanism module B (200) comprises a second fixed connecting rod (201), a second mounting connecting plate (202), a second stepping push rod (203), a second rotating connecting rod (204), an encoder (108), a movable hinge (109), an elastic coupling (110), a hollow tube mounting seat (111), an electromagnetic valve (112), a spray head (113) and a hollow tube (114);
one end of a second fixed connecting rod (201) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) is fixedly connected with one end of a second mounting connecting plate (202), and the other end of the second fixed connecting rod (201) is fixedly connected with one end of a movable hinge (109); the central position of the second rotating connecting rod (204) is fixedly connected with the other end of the movable hinge (109); two ends of the second stepping push rod (203) are respectively and rotatably connected with the second mounting connecting plate (202) and the second rotating connecting rod (204) in a rotating mode;
one end of a hollow tube mounting seat (111) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) is fixedly connected with a second rotating connecting rod (204), and the other end of the hollow tube mounting seat is fixedly connected with a hollow tube (114); the electromagnetic valve (112) is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe (114), one end of the electromagnetic valve (112) is connected with the spray head (113) through a water pipe, and the other end of the electromagnetic valve is connected with the liquid supply system (500) through a liquid supply water pipe; the spray head (113) is fixedly connected to the hollow pipe (114);
an encoder (108) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) is connected with a rotating shaft of the movable hinge (109) through an elastic coupling (110).
4. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the profiling mechanism module B (200) further comprises a stepping push rod supporting seat (101), a wire groove (105), a profile angle code (106) and an encoder mounting frame (107);
two ends of a second stepping push rod (203) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) are connected with the stepping push rod supporting seats (101) in a rotating mode, one stepping push rod supporting seat (101) is fixedly connected with a second mounting connecting plate (202), and the other stepping push rod supporting seat (101) is fixedly connected with a second rotating connecting rod (204);
a second fixed connecting rod (201) and a second rotating connecting rod (204) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) are both provided with wire grooves (105) for placing control wires of the electromagnetic valve (112) and the second stepping push rod (203) and a liquid supply pipe;
one end of an encoder mounting frame (107) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) is fixedly connected with a second fixed connecting rod (201) through a section bar corner connector (106); the encoder (108) is connected to the encoder mounting frame (107);
the number of the spray heads (113) and the electromagnetic valves (112) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) is 2.
5. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the lifting sliding module (300) comprises a linear guide rail (301), a sliding block (302), a sliding block mounting plate (303), a lifting rod (304), a stepping push rod connecting seat (305), a third stepping push rod (306), a connecting rod (307), a stepping push rod supporting seat (101), an encoder (108), an encoder mounting frame (107) and an elastic coupling (110);
a sliding block (302) in the lifting sliding module (300) is in sliding connection with the linear guide rail (301), and the back of the sliding block (302) is fixedly connected with a sliding block mounting plate (303); the slide block mounting plate (303) is fixedly connected to the lifting rod (304) through a bolt; one end of a third step push rod (306) is connected with the step push rod supporting seat (101) in a rotating mode, the step push rod supporting seat (101) is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module (400), and the other end of the third step push rod (306) is connected with a step push rod connecting seat (305) through a revolute pair; the stepping push rod connecting seat (305) is fixedly connected with the lifting rod (304) through a bolt; the connecting rod (307) is connected to the profiling bracket module (400); the shaft of the encoder (108) is connected with the shaft of the stepping motor of the third stepping push rod (306) through an elastic coupling (110); the encoder (108) is arranged on the encoder mounting frame (107); the encoder mounting bracket (107) is fixed to the connecting rod (307) by bolts.
6. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: the electric box (600) comprises a tree canopy information detection system control box (610), a profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) and a spray amount control box (630); the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) is fixedly connected to a sensor mounting rod (704) of the detection module (700); the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) and the spray amount control box (630) are both fixedly connected to the profiling support module (400);
the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) is in wireless communication connection with the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) and the spray volume control box (630) at the same time;
the ultrasonic sensor (701) of the detection module (700) is connected with a control box (610) of the tree canopy information detection system through a control line;
the first stepping push rod (102), the second stepping push rod (203), the third stepping push rod (306) and the encoder (108) are connected with the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) through control lines;
the electromagnetic valve (112) is connected with the spray quantity control box (630) through a control line.
7. The profiling variable sprayer based on the phenotypic characteristics of crown as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the detection module (700) comprises a plurality of ultrasonic sensors (701) arranged in an array, a circuit board (702), a support rod (703), a sensor mounting rod (704), a profile corner connector (106) and a wire groove (105);
the ultrasonic sensor (701) in the detection module (700) is mounted on a circuit board (702); the circuit board (702) is fixedly connected with the profile corner connector (106); the section bar corner connector (106) is arranged on the sensor mounting rod (704); a plurality of ultrasonic sensors (701) are uniformly arranged on the sensor mounting rod (704) at intervals;
the wire casing (105) is fixedly connected to the sensor mounting rod (704) and used for placing control wires of a plurality of ultrasonic sensors (701);
one end of the supporting rod (703) is fixedly connected with the sensor mounting rod (704) through the profile angle connector (106), and the other end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the profiling bracket module (400) through the profile angle connector (106).
8. A profiling control method of a profiling variable spraying machine based on the crown phenotype characteristics according to claim 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) sends an instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system, and the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction and replies the current position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine to the tree canopy information detection system control box (610);
the ground guide rail movement control system is used for driving and controlling the moving guide rail to drive the copying variable spraying machine to move;
the current position P2 of the copying variable spraying machine is the current position of the ultrasonic sensor (701);
(2) the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) sends a trigger signal to the multi-channel ultrasonic sensor (701), starts ranging and collects ultrasonic echo signals of the multi-channel ultrasonic sensor (701);
(3) the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) calculates the ultrasonic echo mean value and tree canopy phenotype characteristic information parameters, wherein the tree canopy phenotype characteristic information parameters comprise the volume of a canopy of a tree and the area density of canopy leaves;
(4) calculating the rotation angle of a first rotating connecting rod (115) in a profiling mechanism module A (100) and the rotation angle of a second rotating connecting rod (204) in a profiling mechanism module B (200) according to the distance value measured by the ultrasonic sensor (701), and calculating the spray quantity value according to the canopy volume and the canopy leaf area density phenotype characteristic parameters;
(5) converting the spray quantity value into a duty ratio value of a PWM (pulse-width modulation) of an electromagnetic valve (112) for controlling the flow of the spray head (113), recording the duty ratio value as an EMV _ PWM value, converting the rotation angle into a control value of the profiling mechanism, and recording the control value as an FXJG _ Ctrl value;
(6) taking the position value P2, the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value as a matrix one-row value, and storing the matrix one-row value into a matrix AllCtrl, wherein the matrix AllCtrl comprises n position values and n corresponding row control quantity values; wherein the FXJG _ Ctrl value and the EMV _ PWM value are both control quantity values;
(7) the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) sends an instruction to the ground guide rail movement control system, and the ground guide rail movement control system receives the instruction and replies the current position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine to the tree canopy information detection system control box (610); obtaining a current spraying position P3 which is P2-L, wherein L represents the distance of the array ultrasonic sensor (701) in front of the spray head (113);
(8) according to the spraying position P3, if P3> is 0, indexing AllCtrl [ P3] in the matrix AllCtrl, and respectively sending the indexed control quantity values to a profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) and a spraying quantity control box (630) by a tree canopy information detection system control box (610); if P3<0, the sent control quantity value is set as a closed state value, and the tree canopy information detection system control box (610) sends the closed state value to the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) and the spraying quantity control box (630) respectively;
(9) the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) drives a first stepping push rod (102) in the profiling mechanism module A (100), a second stepping push rod (203) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) and a third stepping push rod (306) in the lifting sliding module (300) according to the FXJG _ Ctrl value so as to profile a target tree canopy in real time;
the spray volume control box (630) controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve (112) according to the EMV _ PWM value to adjust the flow of the independent nozzles (113) so as to realize real-time variable-flow spraying on the target tree canopy;
(10) and (4) repeating the steps (1) to (9).
9. A profiling control method of a profiling variable spraying machine based on the crown phenotype characteristics according to claim 8, characterized in that:
the calculating of the spray quantity value according to the canopy volume and the canopy leaf area density phenotype characteristic parameters specifically comprises the following steps:
the sampling times of the n ultrasonic sensors (701) to the tree canopy along the y direction are m times; the required dosage PV in the unit volume of the tree canopy is as follows:
Figure FDA0003404605630000051
in the formula, PunitIs the application dosage of the tree canopy in unit volume of L/m3；kLAIs the canopy leaf area density coefficient; rhosnmIs in the position [ n, m](ii) canopy elemental leaf area density; smaxTaking S as the theoretical maximum leaf area density of the tree canopymax＝5.3m2m-3；VnmIs [ n, m ]]The volume of canopy cells;
the number of the spray heads (113) arranged on the profiling bracket module (400) is NbThe number of spray units corresponding to the z direction is NbThe number of canopy cells sprayed by a single spray head (113) corresponding to the z direction is Nz, Nb、NzAnd n is in the relationship:
Figure FDA0003404605630000052
the number of the canopy units sprayed by a single spray head (113) corresponding to the y direction is NyNumber of spraying units M in y-directionbThen M isb、NzAnd m is in the relationship:
Figure FDA0003404605630000053
the spraying amount BVS required by the spraying unit corresponding to each spray head (113) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003404605630000061
the calculating of the rotation angle of the first rotating link (115) in the profiling mechanism module a (100) and the rotation angle of the second rotating link (204) in the profiling mechanism module B (200) according to the distance value measured by the ultrasonic sensor (701) specifically includes:
(a) adjusting the lifting rod (304) of the lifting sliding module (300) according to the average tree height of the tree row to enable the top height of the profiling mechanism module A (100) at the upper part to be higher than the average tree height of the tree row;
(b) and at the current advancing position P2 of the profile modeling variable spraying machine, 8 ultrasonic sensors (701) detect the target tree canopy to obtain target tree canopy distance information D [ P2, D ]1,d2,d3,d4,d5,d6,d7,d8]，d1～d8Distance values of data sequentially measured by the ultrasonic sensors (701) from the top to the bottom are respectively;
(c) according to the distance numerical information of the target tree canopy, calculating to obtain the target profiling rotation angle alpha of the first rotation connecting rod (115) in the profiling mechanism module A (100) at the upper part1The calculation method is shown as formula (8); calculating to obtain a target profile modeling rotation angle alpha of a second rotation connecting rod (204) in a profile modeling mechanism module B (200)2The calculation method is shown as formula (9); calculating to obtain a target copying rotation angle alpha of a first rotation connecting rod (115) in a copying mechanism module A (100) positioned at the lower part3The calculation method is shown as formula (10); mixing P2, alpha1,α2,α3Storing the target profile-modeling rotation angle vector
Figure FDA0003404605630000062
Figure FDA0003404605630000063
Figure FDA0003404605630000064
Figure FDA0003404605630000065
In the formula: alpha is alpha1_last、α2_last、α3Last is respectively the angle alpha1、α2、α3The angle of the previous measurement;
(d) rotating the target by a desired angle vector
Figure FDA0003404605630000066
Sequentially storing the column vectors into a matrix beta:
Figure FDA0003404605630000067
(e) when the current position of the array ultrasonic sensor (701) is P2, and when P3 is equal to P2-L and is not less than 0, searching beta [ n ] [0] to P3 in the matrix beta through an index, and extracting the target profiling rotation angle of the nth row in the matrix beta, namely the target profiling rotation angle executed by the current position of the profiling mechanism; when the P3 is less than 0, the target copying rotation angles executed by the current position of the default copying mechanism are all 0 degree;
(f) the method comprises the following steps of sending target profile modeling rotation angle information executed by the indexed current position of the profile modeling mechanism to a profile modeling mechanism profile control box (620), wherein the profile modeling mechanism profile control box (620) executes adaptive profile modeling control on a profile modeling mechanism module A (100) and a profile modeling mechanism module B (200), the adaptive profile modeling control methods of the profile modeling mechanism module A (100) and the profile modeling mechanism module B (200) are the same, and the adaptive profile modeling control method of the profile modeling mechanism module A (100) comprises the following specific sub-steps:
s1: an encoder (108) on the profiling mechanism module A (100) outputs a pulse signal to a profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) in real time, and the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) obtains the current rotation angle of the first rotating connecting rod (115) according to the real-time output pulse signal of the encoder (108);
s2: the current rotation angle of the first rotation connecting rod (115) and the target profile rotation angle alpha of the profile mechanism module A (100)1Obtaining a control pulse value of a stepping motor of the first stepping rod (102) as an input value of a profiling mechanism profiling control box (620);
s3: the profiling mechanism profiling control box (620) sends a control signal to a stepping motor driver of the first stepping rod (102) according to the obtained control pulse value of the stepping motor of the first stepping rod (102), drives the first stepping rod (102) to stretch and retract, and changes the rotating angle of the first rotating connecting rod (115);
(g) and (f) repeating the steps (b) to (f).
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