CN111971547A - Powder ratio measuring device, powder ratio measuring system, and blast furnace operation method - Google Patents
Powder ratio measuring device, powder ratio measuring system, and blast furnace operation method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 157
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002801 charged material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012106 screening analysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002790 cross-validation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
- G01N2021/4764—Special kinds of physical applications
- G01N2021/4769—Fluid samples, e.g. slurries, granulates; Compressible powdery of fibrous samples
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
- G01N2021/8592—Grain or other flowing solid samples
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
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- G01N2201/1293—Using chemometrical methods resolving multicomponent spectra
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Abstract
A powder ratio measuring device capable of measuring the powder ratio of powder adhering to the surface of a bulk material in real time with high accuracy. A device for measuring the powder ratio of powder adhering to the surface of a bulk material, comprising: an illumination device for illuminating the bulk material; a spectroscopic device for measuring a spectroscopic reflectance by spectroscopic light of the reflected light from the bulk material; and an arithmetic device for extracting a characteristic amount from the spectral reflectance measured by the spectroscopic device and calculating a powder ratio from the extracted characteristic amount.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a powder ratio measuring apparatus and a powder ratio measuring system for a raw material used in a blast furnace or the like, and a blast furnace operation method using the powder ratio measuring system.
Background
In a manufacturing facility such as a blast furnace using a raw material such as a mineral, the particle size of the raw material affects the operation of the manufacturing process. Therefore, in order to stabilize the production process, it is necessary to grasp the particle size information of the raw material in advance. In the manufacturing process of a blast furnace, it is important to grasp the particle size of raw materials such as coke, iron ore, and sintered ore, and it is necessary to perform the operation while paying attention to the powder ratio of fine powder adhering to the raw material charged into the blast furnace in order to ensure the ventilation in the blast furnace. The powder ratio means the ratio of the mass of the powder to the total mass of the charge.
In order to maintain the ventilation of the blast furnace, it is important to ensure the gaps formed between the lump materials. If the raw material contains a large amount of small pieces or powder, the gaps formed between the block-shaped raw materials are filled with the small pieces or powder, and the air permeability is deteriorated. Therefore, the charged raw material is previously sieved and only the lump on the sieve is charged into the blast furnace. Generally, the particle size of coke is adjusted to 25 to 35mm or more and the particle size of iron ore or sintered ore is adjusted to 5 to 25mm or more by screening before charging into a blast furnace. However, in a typical sieving operation, it is difficult to completely remove the powder. In particular, the powder attached to the lump material is charged into the blast furnace together with the lump material, and the lump material and the powder are separated in the blast furnace, thereby deteriorating the ventilation of the blast furnace. Therefore, it is required to control the amount of powder charged into the blast furnace by grasping the amount of powder adhering to the raw material block in advance.
Conventionally, the particle size and powder ratio of a raw material charged into a blast furnace are measured by periodic raw material sampling and screening analysis. However, the screening analysis is time-consuming and thus difficult to reflect in real time results for blast furnace operation. Therefore, a technique is required which can grasp the particle size distribution of the raw material to be fed to the blast furnace in real time. As such an apparatus, patent document 1 discloses an apparatus for sampling a raw material of a conveyor that conveys the raw material, automatically sorting a sample by using a robot or the like, and measuring a particle size distribution.
There is also disclosed an apparatus capable of measuring the particle size of the raw material in real time using an imaging device or the like. Patent document 2 discloses a method of imaging a raw material conveyed on a conveyor on the conveyor to create image data, obtaining a luminance distribution from the image data, and detecting the particle size of the bulk raw material using the maximum peak height of the luminance distribution. Patent document 3 discloses a blast furnace contents detecting device for detecting the moisture content of the contents of a blast furnace based on spectral information obtained from near-infrared reflected light among reflected light from the contents of the blast furnace. In this detection device, the relation between the moisture content of the charged material and the powder ratio of the powder adhering to the charged material is grasped, whereby the powder ratio of the charged material is detected in real time.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1 Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2005-134301
Patent document 2 Japanese laid-open patent application No. 2000-329683
Patent document 3 Japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2015-124436
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, the device disclosed in patent document 1 has a problem that an excessive increase in the sampling frequency causes a delay in the operation process. Since the sampling inspection is performed, there is also a representative problem of sampling.
The method disclosed in patent document 2 is not a method of quantitatively measuring the powder ratio of powder, in which a plurality of types of data of the maximum peak height of the luminance distribution measured in bulk raw materials of known particle size are prepared in advance for each particle size, and the particle size of the bulk raw materials is detected by comparing the maximum peak height of the luminance distribution calculated from the measured image data with the maximum peak height prepared in advance. There is no description about the possibility of measuring the powder ratio of fine powder adhering to the bulk material. Therefore, the method disclosed in patent document 2 has a problem that the powder ratio of the powder adhering to the surface of the bulk material cannot be quantitatively measured.
The charged material detection device disclosed in patent document 3 detects the moisture content of the charged material from the spectroscopic information of the near infrared ray, and detects the powder ratio of the charged material from the relationship between the moisture content of the charged material and the powder ratio of the charged material.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a powder ratio measuring device, a powder ratio measuring system, and a blast furnace operation method using the powder ratio measuring system, which are capable of measuring, with high accuracy and in real time, the powder ratio of powder adhering to the surface of a bulk material used as a raw material in an operation process of a blast furnace or the like.
Means for solving the problems
The present invention for solving the above problems is characterized as follows.
(1) A powder ratio measuring device for measuring the powder ratio of powder adhering to the surface of a bulk material, comprising: an illumination device that illuminates the bulk material; a spectroscopic device that spectroscopically disperses the reflected light from the bulk material and measures a spectroscopic reflectance; and a calculation device for extracting a characteristic amount from the spectral reflectance measured by the spectroscopic device and calculating the powder ratio based on the extracted characteristic amount.
(2) The powder ratio measuring device according to (1), wherein the feature amount is a score of a basis vector in one or more principal components determined in advance by principal component analysis of spectral reflectances at a plurality of wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic device, the computing device includes a computing unit and a storage unit, the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the score in advance, and the computing unit calculates the score from the spectral reflectances at the plurality of wavelengths and calculates the powder ratio using the calculated score and the relational expression.
(3) The powder ratio measuring apparatus according to (1), wherein the feature amount is a score of one or more basis vectors obtained by applying PLS to spectral reflectances of a plurality of wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic apparatus, the computing apparatus includes a computing unit and a storage unit, the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the score, and the computing unit calculates the score from the spectral reflectances of the plurality of wavelengths and calculates the powder ratio using the calculated score and the relational expression.
(4) The powder ratio measuring device according to (1), wherein the characteristic amount is a spectral reflectance at one or more predetermined wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic device, the computing device includes a computing unit and a storage unit, the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the spectral reflectance at the wavelength, and the computing unit calculates the powder ratio using the spectral reflectance at the wavelength and the relational expression.
(5) A powder ratio measuring system comprising the powder ratio measuring device according to any one of (1) to (4) and a conveyor for conveying the bulk material, wherein the powder ratio measuring device is provided above the conveyor and measures a powder ratio of powder adhering to a surface of the bulk material conveyed to a blast furnace by the conveyor.
(6) A method of operating a blast furnace comprising: measuring a powder ratio of powder adhering to a surface of a lump of material conveyed to a blast furnace by a conveyor, by the powder ratio measuring system described in (5); and a step of judging whether the measured powder ratio is higher than a predetermined threshold value, wherein in the judging step, when the powder ratio is judged to be higher than the predetermined threshold value, the lump material is sieved by a sieve having a sieve opening size larger than the particle size of the powder and smaller than the particle size of the lump material.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
By using the powder ratio measuring apparatus and the powder ratio measuring system of the present invention, the powder ratio of the powder adhering to the surface of the bulk material can be measured in real time with high accuracy. Further, the powder ratio measuring device and the powder ratio measuring system according to the present invention can measure the powder ratio of coke, which is a raw material charged into the blast furnace, in real time, for example, and control the amount of coke powder charged into the blast furnace, thereby contributing to stabilization of the operation of the blast furnace.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a powder ratio measuring system including the powder ratio measuring device according to the present embodiment and a peripheral configuration thereof.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the ratio of each wavelength in the score showing the strongest correlation with the change in the powder proportion of coke.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the ratio of each wavelength in the score showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the measured powder ratio and the estimated powder ratio of coke.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the correlation between the measured powder ratio and the estimated powder ratio of coke.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation of moisture content of coke with measured powder fraction of coke.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking an example of measuring the powder ratio of coke, which is a raw material charged into a blast furnace, using a powder ratio measuring apparatus according to the present invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a powder ratio measuring system including the powder ratio measuring device according to the present embodiment and a peripheral configuration thereof.
The powder ratio measuring system 10 includes a powder ratio measuring device 12 and a conveyor 14. The coke 26 to be charged to the blast furnace is stored in a hopper 28. The coke 26 discharged from the hopper 28 is sieved by a sieve 30, and the coke powder having a particle size smaller than the mesh size of the sieve 30 falls down and is conveyed to a blast furnace (not shown) by a conveyor 14.
In the present embodiment, the mesh size of the screen 30 is 35 mm. Therefore, the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14 includes a coke slab having a particle size of 35mm or more and coke powder adhering to the coke slab which does not fall off even if screened by the screen 30. The particle size of the coke powder adhering to the coke block was measured, and it was found that the particle size was 1mm or less. In the present embodiment, the coke powder means coke powder having a particle size of 1mm or less which has passed through a sieve having an opening size of 1mm, and the coke cake means coke having a particle size of 35mm or more remaining on the sieve after sieving through a sieve having an opening size of 35 mm. In the example shown in fig. 1, the coke 26 is an example of a lump.
The powder ratio measuring device 12 measures the powder ratio of the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14. The powder ratio measuring apparatus 12 includes an illumination device 18, a spectroscopic device 16, and an arithmetic device 20. The illumination device 18 is disposed above the conveyor 14 and illuminates the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14. The spectrometer 16 is disposed above the conveyor 14, and measures a spectral reflectance by performing spectroscopy on the reflected light from the coke 26 on the conveyor 14. As described above, the coke 26 includes the coke block and the coke powder adhering to the surface of the coke block, and therefore the spectral reflectance measured by the spectrometer 16 is affected not only by the coke block but also by the coke powder adhering to the surface of the coke block. Therefore, the spectral reflectance measured by the spectrometer 16 also includes information on the coke powder attached to the coke mass.
The spectroscope 16 is installed at a height determined according to the specification of the apparatus, but the height at which the spectroscope 16 is installed is preferably 300mm or more and 1000mm or less in consideration of contact with the coke 26 conveyed on the conveyor 14. Thus, even if the amount of the coke conveyed on the conveyor 14 temporarily increases, the coke can be prevented from contacting the spectroscopic device 16.
The arithmetic device 20 is, for example, a general-purpose computer such as a workstation or a personal computer having an arithmetic unit 22 and a storage unit 24. The arithmetic unit 22 is, for example, a CPU or the like, and controls the operation of the illumination device 18 and the spectroscopic device 16 by using a program and/or data stored in the storage unit 24. The arithmetic unit 22 extracts a characteristic amount from the spectral reflectance obtained from the spectrometer 16, and calculates the powder ratio of the coke powder adhering to the coke block from the extracted characteristic amount. The storage unit 24 stores in advance a program for controlling the illumination device 18 and the spectroscopic device 16, a program for executing the calculation in the calculation unit 22, and a calculation formula and a mathematical formula used for executing the program.
The spectrometer 16 measures the spectral reflectance by spectrally separating the reflected light from the coke 26 at predetermined time intervals under the control of the computing unit 22. The predetermined time may be determined based on, for example, the measurement range of the coke 26 measured by the spectroscope 16 and the conveying speed of the conveyor 14. That is, the predetermined time may be: the length of the measurement range in the conveying direction of the conveyor 14 is divided by the conveying speed of the conveyor 14 to calculate the time. Thus, the spectrometer 16 can measure the coke 26 without a gap in the conveying direction of the conveyor 14. Preferably, the spectroscopic device 16 measures the spectroscopic reflectance of the coke 26 from a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the conveyor 14.
In the present embodiment, as the spectroscopic device 16, for example, a spectroscopic device capable of separating the reflected light from the coke 26 by 9 wavelengths is used. For 9 wavelengths, it can be split using a filter for visible light and a narrow band pass filter for near infrared light. The 9 wavelengths are blue, green, red, 1.32 μm, 1.46 μm, 1.60 μm, 1.80 μm, 1.96 μm, 2.10 μm from the short wavelength. Blue is a wavelength in the range of 435 to 480nm, green is a wavelength in the range of 500 to 560nm, and red is a wavelength in the range of 610 to 750 nm.
When the spectroscopic device 16 measures the spectral reflectances of 9 wavelengths, data indicating the spectral reflectances (hereinafter, simply referred to as spectral reflectances) is output to the arithmetic unit 22 of the arithmetic device 20. When the calculation unit 22 acquires the spectral reflectance from the spectroscopic device 16, for example, a score (score) of a principal component showing a strong correlation with a change in the powder ratio of the coke 26 is extracted as the feature amount. Here, the score of the principal component showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke 26 means a score showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke 26 among scores calculated from the basis vectors of 9 principal components obtained by principal component analysis of the spectral reflectance acquired from the spectroscopic apparatus. In the present embodiment, the main component showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke 26 is an example of a predetermined main component.
In the following description, the present embodiment will be described with the feature amount extracted by the calculation unit 22 being a score calculated from a basis vector of 2 principal components showing a strong correlation with a change in the powder ratio of the coke 26. However, the feature amount extracted by the arithmetic unit 22 is not limited to this, and may be 1 or 3 or more scores showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke 26. However, when 9 scores are used, all of the spectral reflectances of 9 wavelengths are used, and therefore the scores used are preferably set to 8 or less. This can eliminate the influence of factors that are weak in relation to changes in the powder ratio. It is also possible to adopt a method in which cross-validation is combined to select a score value of the necessary minimum limit that the accuracy becomes high on average regardless of the kind of screening analysis data used.
The storage unit 24 stores a calculation formula for calculating scores of 2 main components showing strong correlation with changes in the powder ratio of the coke 26, and a relational expression between the powder ratio and the score. In the present embodiment, the relational expression between the powder ratio and the score is, for example, the following numerical expression (1) in which the powder ratio (Y) of the coke 26 is set as a target variable and 2 scores are set as explanatory variables (X)1、X2) The regression equation of (1).
Y＝b+a1×X1+a2×X2Question form (1)
Wherein, in the above formula (1), b and a1、a2Are parameters of the regression equation.
The arithmetic expression for calculating the scores of the 2 principal components and the above-mentioned numerical expression (1) are calculated in the following order. First, the spectroscopic reflectivity of 9 wavelengths of the coke conveyed by the conveyor 14 was measured using the spectroscopic device 16. Principal component analysis was performed on the measured spectral reflectances at 9 wavelengths, and 9 basis vectors in the 1 st to 9 th principal components and 9 scores calculated from the basis vectors were obtained.
Next, the coke whose spectral reflectance was measured was collected and screened to analyze the coke, and the powder ratio of the coke powder having a particle size of 1mm or less was actually measured. The actual powder ratio obtained by the screening analysis was calculated as a ratio of the mass difference of coke before and after the coke was dried at 120 to 200 ℃ for 4 hours or more until the coke became constant, and then sieved with a sieve having a mesh size of 1 mm. This operation was performed using cokes different in powder ratio and water content, and a plurality of data were obtained in which the powder ratio and 9 scores obtained by the screening analysis were grouped. Of the plurality of data, 9 scores were compared among cokes having different powder ratios, and 2 scores showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the cokes were specified. The arithmetic expression for calculating the specified 2 scores can be calculated using the basis vectors of the scores.
If 2 principal components showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke are specified, data in which the powder ratio and 2 scores specified are set can be obtained from a plurality of data in which the powder ratio of coke having different powder ratios and water contents and 9 scores are set, respectively, and thus the parameters b and a of the mathematical expression (1) can be calculated from these data and the least square method1、a2. This makes it possible to calculate the numerical expression (1) that can calculate the powder ratio of the coke 26 from the scores of 2 main components. The arithmetic expression and the mathematical expression (1) for calculating the 2 scores calculated as described above are stored in the storage unit 24 in advance.
When the calculation unit 22 obtains the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths from the spectroscopic device 16, it reads out from the storage unit 24 a calculation expression for calculating 2 scores showing strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the specific coke, and calculates the score of 2 principal components using the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths and the calculation expression. When the calculation unit 22 calculates the scores of the 2 principal components, the storage unit 24 reads out the formula (1), and calculates the powder ratio of the coke using the calculated scores and the formula (1). In this way, the powder ratio measuring apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment measures the powder ratio of the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14 in real time.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the ratio of each wavelength in the score showing the strongest correlation with the change in the powder proportion of coke. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the ratio of each wavelength in the score showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, the absorption wavelength of water alone, i.e., the wavelength of 1.46 μm and the wavelength of 1.96 μm, is a high-rate score, but does not show a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke. From these results, it is understood that the determination of the powder ratio of coke is not the dominant factor only in the case of the moisture content of coke. From this, it is found that the powder ratio measurement method for calculating the powder ratio of coke from only the moisture content of coke has low accuracy of measurement of the powder ratio.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the measured powder ratio and the estimated powder ratio of coke. In fig. 4, the abscissa represents the measured powder ratio (mass%) and the ordinate represents the estimated powder ratio (mass%). The actually measured powder ratio is a value calculated as a ratio of a mass difference of coke before and after sieving to a mass before sieving, after drying each coke at 120 to 200 ℃ for 4 hours or more until the coke becomes a constant, sieving the coke with a sieve having a mesh size of 1 mm. The estimated powder ratio is a value calculated from a measurement value of the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths of the coke actually measured for the powder ratio and a regression equation in which the powder ratio of the coke is a target variable and 2 scores (fig. 2 and 3) showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of the coke obtained by applying principal component analysis are explanatory variables. As shown in fig. 4, a strong correlation was shown between the estimated powder ratio and the measured powder ratio of coke, and the correlation coefficient R was 0.74. From these results, it was confirmed that: by calculating the coke powder ratio from the score obtained by applying the principal component analysis, the coke powder ratio can be measured with high accuracy.
When the powder ratio of the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14 is measured by the powder ratio measuring system provided with the powder ratio measuring device according to the present embodiment and it is determined that the measured powder ratio of the coke 26 is higher than the predetermined threshold value, the conveying direction of the coke 26 may be switched and the coke 26 may be sieved again by a sieve having a sieve opening size of 35 mm. This reduces the amount of coke powder charged into the blast furnace, suppresses deterioration of the air permeability in the blast furnace, and contributes to stabilization of the blast furnace operation. The mesh size of 35mm is an example of a mesh size larger than the particle size of the coke powder and smaller than the particle size of the coke block.
In the above example, 2 scores showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke were specified from among the 9 scores obtained by principal component analysis of the spectral reflectance at 9 wavelengths, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a coke whose spectral reflectance at 9 wavelengths is measured may be subjected to screening analysis to measure the powder ratio, and PLS (partial least squares) may be applied to data in which the powder ratio and the spectral reflectance at 9 wavelengths are combined to directly obtain a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of the coke.
In this case, an arithmetic expression of a score showing a strong correlation with the coke powder ratio is calculated, and the calculation can be performed based on a basis vector of the score obtained by PLS. The relationship between the powder ratio and the score is a regression equation similar to the mathematical formula (1). Further, with respect to the parameters of the regression equation in the mathematical formula (1), a plurality of data in which a score obtained by PLS and a powder are combined may be calculated by the least square method.
When the calculation unit 22 obtains the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths from the spectroscopic apparatus 16, it reads out the calculation formula for calculating 2 scores from the storage unit 24, and calculates 2 scores using the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths and the calculation formula. When the calculation unit 22 calculates 2 scores, the storage unit 24 reads out the numerical expression (1) and calculates the powder ratio of the coke using the calculated scores and the numerical expression (1). In this way, the powder ratio measuring device 12 measures the powder ratio of the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14 in real time.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the correlation between the measured powder ratio and the estimated powder ratio of coke. In fig. 5, the abscissa represents the measured powder ratio (mass%) and the ordinate represents the estimated powder ratio (mass%). The actual powder ratio is a value calculated as a ratio of a mass difference of coke before and after sieving to a mass before sieving, after drying each coke at 120 to 200 ℃ for 4 hours or more until the coke becomes a constant, and sieving the coke with a sieve having a sieve opening size of 1 mm. The estimated powder ratio is a value calculated using a measurement value of the spectral reflectance of 9 wavelengths of the coke actually measured for the powder ratio and a regression equation in which the powder ratio of the coke is a target variable and 2 scores showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of the coke obtained by applying PLS are explanatory variables. As shown in fig. 5, the estimated powder ratio and the measured powder ratio of coke showed a strong correlation, and the correlation coefficient R was 0.74 and the deviation σ was 0.17 (mass%). From these results, it was confirmed that: the powder ratio measuring apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment can measure the powder ratio of coke with high accuracy.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the correlation of moisture content of coke with measured powder fraction of coke. In fig. 6, the horizontal axis represents the water content (mass%) and the vertical axis represents the measured powder ratio (mass%). The water content of the coke is a value obtained by measuring the water content contained in various cokes using a neutron moisture meter. The actually measured powder ratio is a value calculated as a ratio of a mass difference of coke before and after sieving to a mass before sieving after drying the coke having a measured water content at 120 to 200 ℃ for 4 hours or more until the coke becomes a constant amount, sieving the coke with a sieve having a sieve opening size of 1 mm.
As shown in fig. 6, although a correlation was observed between the powder ratio of coke and the water content of coke, the correlation coefficient R was 0.40, and the powder ratio of coke and the water content of coke did not show a strong correlation. One of the reasons for this is considered that the moisture content of the coke includes moisture present on the surface of the coke and moisture present inside the coke. That is, it is considered that the correlation between the moisture present on the coke surface and the powder attached to the coke surface is strong, and the moisture present inside the coke does not affect the coke powder attached to the coke surface. It is considered that the correlation between the moisture content of the coke and the powder ratio of the coke becomes weak due to the influence of the moisture content existing inside the coke.
From fig. 5, 6, it is determined that: as compared with the calculation of the powder ratio of coke from the relationship between the moisture content of coke and the powder ratio of coke, the powder ratio of coke can be calculated with high accuracy by extracting a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of coke from the spectral reflectance of coke as a feature amount and calculating the powder ratio of coke using a regression equation in which the powder ratio of coke is a target variable and the score is an explanatory variable, as in the powder ratio measuring apparatus 12 according to the present embodiment.
The present embodiment shows two methods, a method of calculating a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of coke using principal component analysis, and a method of calculating a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of coke using PLS. By applying PLS, there is an advantage that a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of coke can be directly obtained, and on the other hand, when PLS is used in the case where the measurement data of the powder ratio of coke is only coke under a specific condition, an error in measurement of the powder ratio calculated in coke under a condition different from the specific condition may become large due to overfitting to the specific condition. Therefore, when there is measurement data of the powder ratio of coke under various conditions, it is preferable to obtain a score showing a strong correlation with the powder ratio of coke by using PLS, and when there is measurement data of the powder ratio of coke under only specific conditions, it is preferable to obtain a score showing a high correlation with the powder ratio of coke by performing principal component analysis.
The powder ratio measuring device 12 according to the present embodiment shows an example in which a score showing a strong correlation with a change in the powder ratio is extracted from the spectral reflectance as the feature amount, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the calculation unit 22 may extract spectral reflectances of a plurality of wavelengths that exhibit strong correlation with changes in the powder ratio as the feature amount. Hereinafter, another embodiment in which the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio is extracted as the feature amount will be described.
The spectroscopic device 16 measures the spectroscopic reflectance of the coke 26 at m wavelengths and outputs the measured reflectance to the calculation unit 22. m is a natural number of n or less. When the calculation unit 22 obtains the spectral reflectance from the spectroscopic device 16, the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths, which shows a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke, is extracted as the feature amount. Here, the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths, which shows a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of coke, is an example of one or more predetermined spectral reflectances.
The storage unit 24 stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the n spectral reflectances. In the present embodiment, the relational expression between the powder ratio and the n spectral reflectances is a target variable (Y) of the coke 26 and an explanatory variable (Z) of the spectral reflectances of n wavelengths showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke1、Z2、···、Zn) The regression equation of (2) below.
Y＝d+c1×Z1+c2×Z2+···+cn×ZnQuestion form (2)
Wherein, in the above formula (2), d, c1、c2、···、cnAre parameters of the regression equation.
The formula (2) is calculated in the following order. First, the spectroscopic reflectance of the coke transported by the conveyor 14 at m wavelengths is measured by using the spectroscopic device 16. The coke whose spectral reflectance was measured was collected and screened to determine the powder ratio of the coke powder having a particle size of 1mm or less. The actual powder ratio is calculated as the ratio of the mass difference of coke before and after sieving to the mass before sieving after drying the coke having a measured spectral reflectance at 120 to 200 ℃ for 4 hours or more until the coke becomes a constant, sieving the coke with a sieve having a mesh size of 1 mm. This operation was carried out using cokes different in powder ratio and water content, and a plurality of data were obtained in the set of powder ratio and spectral reflectance at m wavelengths. The spectral reflectivities of m wavelengths of the coke having different powder ratios in the plurality of data are compared, and the wavelengths of n spectral reflectivities showing a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke are specified.
If n spectral reflectance wavelengths are specified, a plurality of data sets consisting of the powder ratio and the n-wavelength spectral reflectance can be obtained from a plurality of data sets consisting of the powder ratio and the m-wavelength spectral reflectance, and therefore the parameters d and c of equation (2) can be calculated from these data sets and the least square method1、c2、c3、···、cn. Thus, the numerical expression (2) which can calculate the powder ratio of coke from the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths can be calculated. The thus calculated expression (2) is stored in the storage unit 24 in advance.
When the calculation unit 22 obtains the spectral reflectances of m wavelengths from the spectroscopic device 16, the spectral reflectances of n wavelengths are extracted as the feature values. When the calculation unit 22 extracts the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths, the storage unit 24 reads out the formula (2) and calculates the powder ratio of coke. In this way, the calculation unit 22 may extract, as the feature amount, the spectral reflectance of n wavelengths that shows a strong correlation with the change in the powder ratio of the coke, and may measure the powder ratio of the coke 26 conveyed by the conveyor 14 in real time using the spectral reflectance.
In the present embodiment, the coke 26 is shown as a lump material, but is not limited thereto. As long as the raw material charged into the blast furnace is exemplified, the coke 26 may be replaced by an ore block or a sintered ore.
Description of the reference numerals
10 powder ratio measuring system
12 powder ratio measuring device
14 conveyer
16 light splitting device
18 illumination device
20 arithmetic device
22 arithmetic unit
24 storage section
26 coke
28 hopper
30 sifter
Claims (6)
1. A powder ratio measuring device for measuring the powder ratio of powder adhering to the surface of a bulk material, comprising:
an illumination device that illuminates the bulk material;
a spectroscopic device that spectroscopically disperses the reflected light from the bulk material and measures a spectroscopic reflectance; and
and a calculation device for extracting a characteristic amount from the spectral reflectance measured by the spectroscopic device and calculating the powder ratio based on the extracted characteristic amount.
2. The powder ratio measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
the feature quantity is a score of a basis vector in one or more predetermined principal components obtained by principal component analysis of spectral reflectances of a plurality of wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic apparatus,
the arithmetic device comprises an arithmetic unit and a storage unit,
the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the score in advance,
the calculation unit calculates the score from the spectral reflectances of the plurality of wavelengths, and calculates the powder ratio using the calculated score and the relational expression.
3. The powder ratio measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
the feature quantity is a score of one or more basis vectors obtained by applying PLS to spectral reflectances of a plurality of wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic apparatus,
the arithmetic device comprises an arithmetic unit and a storage unit,
the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the score,
the calculation unit calculates the score from the spectral reflectances of the plurality of wavelengths, and calculates the powder ratio using the calculated score and the relational expression.
4. The powder ratio measuring apparatus according to claim 1,
the characteristic quantity is a spectral reflectance at a predetermined wavelength or wavelengths measured by the spectroscopic means,
the arithmetic device comprises an arithmetic unit and a storage unit,
the storage unit stores a relational expression between the powder ratio and the spectral reflectance of the wavelength,
the calculation unit calculates the powder ratio using the spectral reflectance of the wavelength and the relational expression.
5. A powder ratio measurement system is provided with:
the powder ratio measuring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4; and
a conveyor for conveying the bulk material,
the powder ratio measuring device is provided above the conveyor, and measures a powder ratio of powder adhering to a surface of the lump material conveyed to the blast furnace by the conveyor.
6. A method of operating a blast furnace comprising:
measuring a powder ratio of powder adhering to a surface of a lump material conveyed to a blast furnace by a conveyor by using the powder ratio measuring system according to claim 5; and
a step of judging whether or not the measured powder ratio is higher than a predetermined threshold value,
in the judging step, when it is judged that the powder ratio is higher than a predetermined threshold value, the lump material is sieved with a sieve having a sieve opening size larger than the particle size of the powder and smaller than the particle size of the lump material.
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| JP2018067011 | 2018-03-30 | ||
| JP2018-067011 | 2018-03-30 | ||
| PCT/JP2019/013016 WO2019189262A1 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2019-03-26 | Powder ratio measurement device, powder ratio measurement system, and blast furnace operation method |
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| CN111971547A true CN111971547A (en) | 2020-11-20 |
| CN111971547B CN111971547B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| US (1) | US11555781B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3757543B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP7171578B2 (en) |
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| EP3757543A4 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
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| RU2768539C1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
| CN111971547B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
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| EP3757543B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
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| BR112020020009A2 (en) | 2021-01-05 |
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