CN111968007B - Multi-objective optimization based plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme acquisition method - Google Patents
Multi-objective optimization based plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-objective optimization-based plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme acquisition method, which selects an evaluation index reflecting the effect of diversion and water regulation on improving the water environment; constructing a water diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system according to the evaluation indexes; constructing a multi-target function of the diversion and water regulation scheme according to the diversion and water regulation scheme evaluation system; acquiring evaluation data corresponding to the water diversion and regulation schemes under different working conditions; calculating according to the evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions; and solving the multi-target function according to the environmental benefit and the economic benefit to obtain a water diversion and regulation scheme corresponding to the optimal solution of the multi-target function as the water diversion and regulation scheme. The method overcomes the defects of certain subjectivity, lack of systematicness and the like in a decision making link of the conventional evaluation method, and can provide a certain theoretical basis for long-term management and scientific decision making of the water environment in vast plain river network areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring a plain river network diversion and water diversion scheme based on multi-objective optimization, and belongs to the technical field of water resource dispatching and processing.
Background
The plain river network area is developed economically, densely populated, gathered by industrial enterprises and numerous in pollution source, and the water pollution resistance of the water body is weak due to the fact that the terrain is flat, the hydrodynamic condition of the river network is poor, and the phenomena of local reciprocating flow, stagnant flow and the like exist, the overall quality of the water environment is poor, a plurality of gates, pump stations and other hydraulic buildings are arranged in the river channel, and the flow of the water body is easily influenced by a scheduling mode. Diversion is one of the current technical methods which are fast, economic and high in feasibility and can improve the water quality of the plain river network, and the self-purification capacity of the water body is enhanced by improving the mobility of the water body.
Due to the complex water system, water environment condition, pollution source distribution and diversified gate pump scheduling modes in the plain river network, how to scientifically and effectively formulate and evaluate a water diversion and regulation scheme according to a specific target to obtain a better water environment improvement effect still needs to be further researched. In the traditional method for evaluating the diversion water, the change of a single index before and after diversion water is mostly used as an evaluation standard, the objectivity is insufficient, and the effectiveness of an evaluation result is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for acquiring a plain river network diversion and water distribution scheme based on multi-objective optimization so as to solve the problem of insufficient objectivity in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme acquisition method comprises the following steps:
selecting an evaluation index reflecting the effect of diversion and water regulation on improving the water environment;
constructing a water diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system according to the evaluation indexes;
constructing a multi-target function of the diversion and water regulation scheme according to the diversion and water regulation scheme evaluation system;
acquiring evaluation data corresponding to the water diversion and regulation schemes under different working conditions;
calculating according to the evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions;
and solving the multi-target function according to the environmental benefit and the economic benefit to obtain a water diversion and regulation scheme corresponding to the optimal solution of the multi-target function as the water diversion and regulation scheme.
Further, the method further comprises:
weighting the evaluation data according to the water quality index weight and the space point location weight;
calculating according to the weighted evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits;
and calculating according to the evaluation data, the water quality index weight and the space point location weight to obtain the environmental benefits and the economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and adjustment schemes under different working conditions.
Further, the evaluation data comprises a water quality improvement rate and a diversion water flow rate; the water quality improvement rate comprises a permanganate index improvement rate, an ammonia nitrogen improvement rate and a total phosphorus improvement rate.
Further, the calculation formula of the water quality index weight or the space point location weight is as follows:
wherein l i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight or the space point location weight under a single working condition; x is a radical of a fluorine atom ij The improvement rate of the ith water quality index under the jth working condition or the improvement rate of the ith point under the jth working condition is obtained; y is j Representing the comprehensive improvement rate of the water quality under the jth working condition; l is i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight under all working conditions; w is a i Water quality index weight or spatial point location weight.
Further, the diversion and water regulation scheme evaluation system comprises an index layer, a spatial layer and a decision layer: the index layer comprises a permanganate index, an ammonia nitrogen concentration value and a total phosphorus concentration value; the spatial layer comprises different monitoring points; the decision layer comprises decision targets in the water diversion process.
Further, the multi-objective function is:
wherein y (i) is a multi-objective function, Ei is the corresponding environmental benefit under each working condition i, M i For economic benefit under each working condition i, S E Is the standard deviation, S, of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition M For the standard deviation of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition,
the average value of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition,
and the average value of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition is obtained.
Further, the calculation process of the environmental benefit is as follows:
calculating a comprehensive water quality index according to the single index of each water quality index;
calculating the water quality improvement rate according to the comprehensive water quality index;
and calculating the environmental benefit according to the water quality improvement rate.
Further, the calculation formula of the single index of the water quality index is as follows:
the calculation formula of the comprehensive water quality index is as follows:
the calculation formula of the water quality improvement rate is as follows:
wherein P is i Is a single index of a water quality index i, C i Is the concentration (mg/L) of the water quality index i, S i Is an evaluation standard value (mg/L) of a water quality index i, P is a comprehensive water quality index, R j Is the water quality improvement rate under the working condition j, P 0 For comprehensive water quality index before diversion, P j Is the comprehensive water quality index under the working condition j.
Further, the economic benefit is calculated by the following formula:
M＝0.126Q (5)
wherein M is economic benefit; q is the flow of the introduced and regulated water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method constructs a multi-objective function and an evaluation system which combine the environmental benefit function and the economic benefit function, evaluates and optimizes different diversion and water regulation schemes of the plain river network area according to different targets, determines an optimized diversion and water regulation scheme under a specific target, improves the objectivity of an evaluation result, obtains a more optimized diversion and water regulation scheme, and can provide certain reference and theoretical support for water environment management and water resource-water quality comprehensive regulation and control planning of the plain river network area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a water diversion and regulation scheme of a plain river network based on multi-objective optimization according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optimized diversion and water regulation scheme calculated by using a multi-objective optimization-based acquisition method of a plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
A plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme acquisition method comprises the following steps:
selecting an evaluation index reflecting the effect of diversion and water regulation on improving the water environment;
constructing a water diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system according to the evaluation indexes;
constructing a multi-target function of the diversion and water regulation scheme according to the diversion and water regulation scheme evaluation system;
acquiring evaluation data corresponding to the water diversion and regulation schemes under different working conditions;
calculating according to the evaluation data to obtain the environmental benefits and the economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions;
and solving the multi-target function according to the environmental benefit and the economic benefit to obtain a water diversion and regulation scheme corresponding to the optimal solution of the multi-target function as the water diversion and regulation scheme.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for acquiring a plain river network diversion and water regulation scheme based on multi-objective optimization comprises the following steps:
s1, obtaining evaluation data according to evaluation indexes comprehensively reflecting the effect of diversion and water regulation on improving the water environment;
the evaluation data mainly come from the field actual monitoring of the applicable area A or are obtained by modeling and calculating the applicable area A by using a water environment numerical simulation technology, wherein available water environment mathematical models mainly comprise MIKE, EFDC, WASP and the like.
In this embodiment, water quality data before and after water diversion of 9 monitoring sections in the applicable area are acquired according to the field actual monitoring data, and the water quality data mainly comprises water environment benefit data and economic benefit data: wherein the water environment benefit data mainly comprises water quality improvement rates which respectively comprise permanganate index improvement rate, ammonia nitrogen improvement rate and total phosphorus improvement rate, and the higher the water quality improvement rate is, the greater the water environment benefit is; the economic benefit data mainly refers to the economic consumption in the process of water diversion and transfer, and the lower the economic consumption, the greater the economic benefit of water diversion and transfer.
S2, constructing a multi-objective optimization-based water diversion and adjustment scheme evaluation system
The constructed multi-objective optimization-based diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system mainly comprises an index layer, a spatial layer and a decision layer:
wherein, the index layer mainly comprises three water quality indexes of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus; the space layer mainly comprises different monitoring point positions with data in a plain river network area (applicable area A); the decision layer mainly includes a decision target in the water diversion process, and in this embodiment, the improvement rate of the water quality in the applicable area a is taken as the decision target. The water diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system based on multi-objective optimization is detailed in the following table:
TABLE 1
S3, establishing a multi-target function by utilizing an evaluation system, and mainly comprising the following steps:
a. establishing a multi-objective function comprising an environmental benefit function and an economic benefit function
Wherein y (i) is a multi-objective function, i represents each water diversion and regulation working condition, different working conditions correspond to different water diversion and regulation amounts, Ei is the corresponding environmental benefit under each working condition i, and M i For economic benefit under each operating condition i, S E Is the standard deviation, S, of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition M Is the standard deviation of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition, is
The average value of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition,
when the average value of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition is the minimum value y (i), the environmental benefit and the economic benefit both reach relatively ideal values, namely the optimal solution.
Respectively as an environmental benefit function and an economic benefit functionStandardized dimensionless target values.
b. And numbering the working conditions of the schemes according to the water diversion and adjustment schemes and the water diversion and adjustment duration to form different working conditions. Every 0.5 day is used as a unit time length for guiding and regulating water, and if the working condition 1-1 represents a scheme of guiding water for 0.5 day. In this embodiment, the application area a is provided with 7 different water diversion schemes for 9 days, and there are 70 total working conditions, and each working condition corresponds to a set of concentration values of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus at 9 monitoring cross sections in the application area a under the working condition. The concentration values of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus under the working conditions of water diversion and regulation in the applicable area A are respectively shown in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2(mg/L)
TABLE 3(mg/L)
TABLE 4(mg/L)
S4, calculating according to the evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions;
taking the effect of improving the water quality as a decision target, calculating an environmental benefit function based on the water quality improvement rate, calculating the water quality improvement rate based on a comprehensive water quality index, calculating single indexes of all water quality indexes, and taking the sum of all single indexes as the comprehensive water quality index (formula 2-formula 4); the economic benefit function is based on the diversion water flow calculation (equation 5), where negative normalization is used.
Wherein P is i Is a single index of a water quality index i, C i Is the concentration (mg/L), S of the water quality index i i The standard value (mg/L) is the evaluation standard value of the water quality index i.
Wherein R is j For the water quality improvement rate, P 0 For introducing and adjusting water quality index, P j Is the water quality index under the working condition j.
M＝0.126Q (5)
Wherein M is the economic cost of water diversion and adjustment, and millions of water diversion and adjustment per year; q is the flow of the introduced and regulated water, m 3 /s。
The environmental benefit and the economic benefit corresponding to the water diversion and adjustment scheme under different working conditions can be obtained in the following way;
weighting the evaluation data according to the water quality index weight and the space point location weight;
calculating according to the weighted evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits;
and calculating according to the evaluation data, the water quality index weight and the space point location weight to obtain the environmental benefits and the economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions.
Empowerment is divided into two cases: weighting the index layer, according to the water quality index pollution severity, describing the pollution severity by using a Euclidean distance, wherein the closer the single index improvement rate and the comprehensive index improvement rate are, the more controllable the representative pollution is; weighting the empty space, and dividing the empty space into two conditions that (1) the section point position with serious pollution is biased, the weight is calculated based on the water quality index improvement rate, and the calculation method is the same as the above (formula 6-formula 8); (2) the key section has priority, and in order to ensure the water quality improvement effect of the key section, the weight of the priority section is given 80 percent, and the weight of the other sections is 20 percent.
The calculation formula of the water quality index weight or the space point location weight is as follows:
wherein l i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight or the space point location weight under a single working condition; x is a radical of a fluorine atom ij The improvement rate of the ith water quality index under the jth working condition or the improvement rate of the ith point under the jth working condition is obtained; y is j Representing the comprehensive improvement rate of the water quality under the jth working condition; l is a radical of an alcohol i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight under all working conditions; w is a i Water quality index weight or spatial point location weight.
The corresponding economic cost under each water diversion and adjustment working condition in the application area A is shown in the following table:
TABLE 5
According to the constructed multi-target evaluation system, with the improvement rate of the water quality in the applicable area A as a decision target, six different diversion water evaluation target combinations of the water quality indexes with equal weight-space point position equal weight, the water quality indexes with equal weight-deviation pollution serious point position, the water quality indexes with equal weight-priority key section, the deviation pollution serious index-space point position equal weight, the deviation pollution serious index-deviation pollution serious point position, the deviation pollution serious index-priority key section can be respectively worked out. S5 determining the optimization scheme of diversion and water regulation of the plain river network under multi-objective optimization
The method for determining the optimal water diversion and regulation scheme in the applicable area A under the multi-objective optimization mainly comprises the following steps of:
a. and weighting each water quality index and the monitoring section according to the selected index layer and space layer targets to determine the weight of each water quality index and monitoring section.
After data under the corresponding working conditions of different water diversion and regulation schemes are substituted into the multi-objective function, the permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus water quality indexes in the applicable area A and the weights obtained by 9 monitoring sections can be respectively calculated, and the following detailed table is shown in the specification:
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
b. And substituting the water quality data and the economic data under various water diversion and regulation working conditions obtained according to different water diversion and regulation schemes into a multi-objective function to solve based on the empowerment result.
As shown in fig. 2, the water quality data and economic data obtained under each water diversion and regulation condition in the application area a are substituted into the constructed multi-objective function, and the calculation and solution are performed by using the formulated different target combinations as constraint conditions, so as to obtain the standardized water quality data under each water diversion and regulation condition and the reversely standardized economic data respectively, and the condition corresponding to the minimum value of the sum of the water quality data and the economic data is the optimized condition under the specific target combination. In this embodiment, the calculation results of the optimized operating conditions under different target combinations in the applicable area a are shown in fig. 2 (where (a) (d) is that the spatial point locations adopt the same weight, (b) (e) is a point location with a heavy pollution bias, and (c) (f) is that the key section is first):
c. and obtaining the optimal water diversion and regulation working condition under a specific target according to the multi-objective function calculation result.
According to the result obtained by calculating the multi-objective function, the optimal working conditions under 6 different target combinations in the applicable area A are shown in the following table:
TABLE 8
The method is based on multi-objective optimization, comprehensively considers from three aspects of decision objective, water quality index and space index, covers various heterogeneous factors influencing the water diversion and regulation benefits in the water diversion and regulation process, constructs a multi-objective function and an evaluation system combining environmental benefits and economic benefits, and provides a method for evaluating the water diversion and regulation scheme of the plain river network based on the multi-objective optimization.
The method can fully consider heterogeneous factors in the water diversion and regulation process, evaluate the water diversion and regulation scheme from different target layers, and preferably select the method for optimizing the water diversion and regulation scheme under a specific target.
The method overcomes the defects of certain subjectivity, lack of systematicness and the like in the decision-making link of the conventional evaluation method, and can provide a certain theoretical basis for long-term management and scientific decision-making of the water environment in vast plain river network areas.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for acquiring a plain river network diversion and water transfer scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting an evaluation index reflecting the effect of diversion and water regulation on improving the water environment;
constructing a water diversion and regulation scheme evaluation system according to the evaluation indexes;
constructing a multi-target function of the diversion and water regulation scheme according to the diversion and water regulation scheme evaluation system;
acquiring evaluation data corresponding to the water diversion and regulation schemes under different working conditions;
calculating according to the evaluation data to obtain the environmental benefits and the economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions;
solving the multi-target function according to the environmental benefit and the economic benefit to obtain a water diversion and regulation scheme corresponding to the optimal solution of the multi-target function as the water diversion and regulation scheme;
the method further comprises the following steps:
weighting the evaluation data according to the water quality index weight and the space point location weight;
calculating according to the weighted evaluation data to obtain environmental benefits and economic benefits;
calculating according to the evaluation data, the water quality index weight and the space point location weight to obtain the environmental benefits and the economic benefits corresponding to the water diversion and transfer schemes under different working conditions;
the calculation formula of the water quality index weight or the space point location weight is as follows:
wherein l i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight or the space point location weight under a single working condition; x is the number of ij The i term water quality meansMarking the improvement rate of the jth working condition or the improvement rate of the ith point under the jth working condition; y is j Representing the comprehensive improvement rate of the water quality under the jth working condition; l is a radical of an alcohol i An operator for calculating the water quality index weight under all working conditions; w is a i Water quality index weight or spatial point location weight.
2. The method for acquiring the diversion water scheme of the plain river network according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation data comprises a water quality improvement rate and a diversion water flow rate; the water quality improvement rate comprises a permanganate index improvement rate, an ammonia nitrogen improvement rate and a total phosphorus improvement rate.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the diversion and water-transfer scheme evaluation system comprises an index layer, a spatial layer and a decision layer: the index layer comprises a permanganate index, an ammonia nitrogen concentration value and a total phosphorus concentration value; the spatial layer comprises different monitoring point locations; the decision layer comprises decision targets in the water diversion process.
4. The method for acquiring the diversion and water regulation scheme of the plain river network according to claim 1, wherein the multi-objective function is as follows:
wherein y (i) is a multi-objective function, Ei is the corresponding environmental benefit under each working condition i, M i For economic benefit under each working condition i, S E Is the standard deviation, S, of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition M The standard deviation of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition, the average value of the corresponding environmental benefit function under each working condition,
and the average value of the corresponding economic benefit function under each working condition.
5. The method for acquiring the diversion scheme of the plain river network according to claim 1, wherein the environmental benefit is calculated as follows:
calculating a comprehensive water quality index according to the single index of each water quality index;
calculating the water quality improvement rate according to the comprehensive water quality index;
and calculating the environmental benefit according to the water quality improvement rate.
6. The method for obtaining the diversion scheme of the plain river network according to claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the single index of the water quality index is as follows:
the calculation formula of the comprehensive water quality index is as follows:
the calculation formula of the water quality improvement rate is as follows:
wherein P is i Is a single index of a water quality index i, C i Is the concentration (mg/L) of the water quality index i, S i Is an evaluation standard value (mg/L) of a water quality index i, P is a comprehensive water quality index, R j Is the water quality improvement rate under the working condition j, P 0 For comprehensive water quality index before diversion, P j Is the comprehensive water quality index under the working condition j.
7. The method for acquiring the diversion scheme of the plain river network according to claim 1, wherein the economic benefit is calculated by the following formula:
M＝0.126Q (5)
wherein M is economic benefit; q is the flow of the introduced and regulated water.
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| CN112749490A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-04 | 河海大学 | Water diversion and drainage scheme evaluation method and system |
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| CN106250695A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-12-21 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of plain river network river water environmental security evaluation system |
| CN107122927A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-01 | 河海大学 | A kind of water transfer drainage water environment improvement integrated evaluating method |
| CN110458359A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-15 | 河海大学 | It is a kind of based on the plain river network water quantity and quality optimization regulating method not cut completely under the conditions of dirt |
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