CN111962350A - Geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure and method for calculating thickness of surface slab - Google Patents
Geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure and method for calculating thickness of surface slab Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/32—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of courses of different kind made in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/04—Foundations produced by soil stabilisation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/36—Coherent pavings made in situ by subjecting soil to stabilisation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C2201/00—Paving elements
- E01C2201/20—Drainage details
Abstract
The invention discloses a geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure and a method for calculating the thickness of a surface slab. The pavement structure mainly comprises a base layer, a surface layer and a wearing layer which are sequentially paved from bottom to top; the base layer is an upper layer geotextile, a lower layer geotextile and a middle geocell reinforced graded crushed stone layer; the surface layer is a cement concrete layer reinforced by the geocell; the wearing layer is a cement mixture wearing layer and a geogrid; and pull rings are reserved on the two sides of the geocell along the road direction, the geocell is pulled to a tensioning state, and the outermost geocell is fixed by penetrating the pull rings through wood wedges. The method for calculating the thickness of the surface slab mainly comprises the steps of traffic analysis, preliminary simulation of a pavement structure, determination of pavement material parameters, load stress, temperature stress and structural limit state checking. The invention solves the problems of low structural strength of the existing pavement, fatigue fracture, mud pumping, slab staggering and the like of the cement concrete pavement in heavy traffic, and ensures that the pavement structure has stronger bearing capacity and deformation resistance, thereby reducing the damage of the pavement structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cement concrete pavements of highway engineering and construction, and particularly relates to a geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure, a construction method and a pavement slab thickness calculation method.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy in China and the rapid development of traffic infrastructure, particularly the construction of high-grade roads, cement concrete is widely applied as a material with high strength, good stability and low cost. At present, China is the country with the longest mileage of cement concrete pavements in the world, and the cement pavements are mainly distributed in rural highways and high-grade highways in China. However, the traffic volume is greatly increased, the number of vehicles is increased in an expanding manner, natural factors are caused, and the use conditions of the cement concrete pavement are increasingly harsh. At present, most of the existing cement concrete pavements are damaged by cracks, broken plates, breakage, settlement, slab staggering, pot holes and the like too early due to the reasons, so that the bearing capacity of the pavement is low, the structural integrity is poor, and the design service life cannot be reached.
At present, the main measures for maintaining and curing cement concrete pavements and preventing and controlling diseases in China include asphalt mixture repairing, plate crushing and rolling stabilization, paving asphalt concrete or cement concrete overlay, grooving, overlay and other measures.
(1) Repairing the asphalt mixture: for smaller cracks, dust in the cracks is removed in time, and then the asphalt sand is filled for repairing the cracks; for severe cracks, the loose part is chiseled off and cleaned, then the crack wall is coated with liquid asphalt under dry condition, and then filled with asphalt sand to be tamped, ironed and covered with fine sand. The method can restore the capability of the crack to transfer loads between plates and maximally reduce vertical deformation. But the repairing process is complex, the repairing process requirement is high, the cost is high, and the rutting is easily generated by the high-temperature creep of the asphalt mixture in summer.
(2) Plate crushing and rolling stabilization: when the cracks are distributed throughout the whole slab, the whole slab needs to be broken and removed, and then a new concrete slab is poured to serve as a base layer. This process cost of labor is high, and renovates the stability that influences original road surface structure easily in-process, and new and old concrete slab bonding also can't guarantee.
(3) Paving asphalt concrete: the bending rigidity of the pavement structure can be increased by increasing the asphalt concrete layer, the deflection difference of the joint is reduced, the shear stress of the surface layer is reduced, and the fatigue fracture life of the pavement structure can also be prolonged. However, the pavement cost is inevitably increased by paving the asphalt concrete layer, and the asphalt mixture is easy to creep and generate tracks when meeting high temperature.
(4) Adding a layer to the cement concrete: the surface of an original panel is chiseled, chippings are removed, the panel is cleaned, cement paste mixed with an adhesive is coated, and then the building concrete is overlaid. The overlay built seam is aligned with the original panel seam, and the seam type should be the same. At present, the construction of the combined type overlay wastes labor cost, the manufacturing cost is higher, and the engineering application is greatly limited.
(5) Grooving and covering: according to the pavement fracture condition, chiseling a rectangular groove on a concrete plate, brushing the groove clean, smearing the groove wall and the bottom surface with cement mortar, and then covering the surface with new concrete. At present, the new concrete overlay is easy to fall off, the complete combination of the new layer concrete and the old layer concrete cannot be ensured, and joints and cracks of the old concrete pavement layer are easy to reflect to the new concrete layer.
Meanwhile, after the newly-built road structure is put into use, the geocell reinforced cement concrete surface layer plate plays an important role in having good road performance such as enough strength, durability, wear resistance, flatness and the like, and the thickness of the surface layer of the newly-built road structure often determines the grade of the newly-built road and traffic load. However, with the increase of the number of times of load action, the surface of the surface plate is gradually abraded, damages inside the pavement structure are continuously accumulated, and the capacity of resisting deformation is gradually weakened, so that the design of the thickness of the panel layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure is the core content of the pavement structure design under the repeated action of the external environment and traffic load. However, the design steps of the thickness of the pavement structure surface laminate are complicated, various parameters to be determined are complex, and the design steps are easily influenced by factors such as the material properties of the roadbed pavement structure layer, a structure calculation model, the environmental temperature, the climate geological conditions, the traffic load grade and the like.
In conclusion, a series of methods adopted at present have certain effect on preventing and treating the road surface structure diseases, but have the defects of high manufacturing cost, complex construction, high construction process and the like. The method is also gradually applied to geocell reinforcement materials in China to improve the bearing capacity and the deformation resistance of the pavement structure. The Geocell is a three-dimensional net structure formed by welding wide strips of high molecular polymer with strength, the welding line is vertical to the length direction of the sheet, an interconnected net structure is formed after the sheet is unfolded, and materials such as sand, gravel or soil and the like can be filled in the Geocell to form a structure with strong lateral limitation and high rigidity. At present, the method is widely applied to projects such as soft soil foundation treatment, slope protection, pipeline support and the like. However, the geocell can be combined with other geosynthetic materials for use, the stress condition and the reinforcement mechanism are complex, and the load transmission form of the geocell body and the contact characteristic rule of the geocell body with other materials are lack of systematic research, so that the further popularization and application of the geocell body are influenced. Aiming at the problems of complicated steps, large calculation amount and the like of a pavement structure surface slab thickness calculation method, the prior art adopts a finite element calculation method and adopts an elastic foundation single slab theory to carry out structural analysis. Regarding the geocell reinforced graded broken stone base layer and the roadbed as a multilayer elastic foundation, and representing by the equivalent resilience modulus of the top surface of the foundation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low strength of the existing pavement structure, fatigue fracture, mud pumping, slab staggering and the like of the cement concrete pavement in heavy traffic, and the like, so that the pavement structure has stronger bearing capacity and deformation resistance, the damage of the pavement structure is reduced, and the actual service life of the cement concrete pavement is prolonged.
The invention relates to a geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure, which comprises a base layer, a surface layer and a wearing layer which are laid in sequence from bottom to top; the base layer is an upper layer of geotextile, a lower layer of geotextile and a middle geocell reinforced graded crushed stone layer; the surface layer is a cement concrete layer reinforced by the geocell; the wearing layer is a cement mixture wearing layer and a geogrid; and pull rings are reserved on two sides of the geocell along the road direction, the geocell is stretched to a tension state, and the outermost geocell is fixed by penetrating the pull rings through wood wedges.
Specifically, the geocell is a three-dimensional mesh cell structure formed by selecting a reinforced HDPE sheet material with the height of 5-10cm and performing high-strength welding; the geotextile is a non-woven geotextile which is laid by using polyester staple fibers as a main material through different equipment and processes to form a net shape.
Specifically, after the geocell is tensioned, the length of a single hole is 22-25cm, the width of the single hole is 15-18cm, and the thickness of the cell sheet is 1-2 cm.
Specifically, the fixed depth of the wooden wedge is 25-30 cm.
Specifically, when the thickness of the geocell structure layer of the surface layer is between 20 and 30cm, double layers of geocells are paved; and when the thickness of the geocell structure layer is less than 20cm, laying a single-layer geocell.
Specifically, the base layer is formed by filling natural gravels with stone strength not lower than grade IV and shape close to a cube or a sphere; the surface layer is formed by filling cement concrete with the compressive strength of 8-10 MPa.
Specifically, the thickness of the wearing layer of the cement mixture of the wearing layer is 2-5.0 cm.
Furthermore, road surface drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of the surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete, the width of each drainage ditch is 12-15cm, and the transverse drainage gradient is 1% -2%.
According to the pavement structure, the geocell is added into the cement concrete, so that the lateral constraint of the cement concrete is greatly enhanced, the bearing capacity and integrity of a cement concrete surface layer are improved, and the generation of large settlement deformation is avoided; the earthwork grid chambers are added into the graded broken stones, so that the lateral restraint of the graded broken stones is greatly enhanced, the bearing capacity and integrity of a base layer are improved, and the generation of large settlement deformation is avoided. The geocell improves the stress characteristic and the pavement crack condition of the cement concrete pavement structure, reduces the pavement crack, thereby improving the anti-deformation capability of the cement concrete pavement structure, effectively reducing the pavement structure thickness, reducing the engineering cost, and being suitable for heavy-load traffic roads of various grades and roads on soft foundations.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a construction method of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling a roadbed: leveling the roadbed and rolling to the required compaction degree according to the construction specification requirement, so as to ensure that the surface of the roadbed is smooth and the gradient is uniform; paving a layer of non-woven geotextile after the roadbed is leveled; manufacturing a wood wedge for fixing the geocell;
(2) laying a base layer: selecting geocells with corresponding specifications according to the designed width of a road, and paving and tensioning the geocells along the direction of the road; then, the wood wedges penetrate through pull rings on two sides of the geocell and are driven into the roadbed to be fixed on the surface of the roadbed, and the exposed parts of the wood wedges cannot be higher than the surface of the roadbed; finally, filling the graded broken stones into the geotechnical grid chamber, and fully compacting; laying a layer of non-woven geotextile on the compacted geocell reinforced graded gravel layer;
(3) paving a surface layer: laying and tensioning geocells along the direction of a road; then, the wood wedge penetrates through pull rings on two sides of the geocell and is driven into the base layer to be fixed on the surface of the base layer, and the exposed part of the wood wedge cannot be higher than the surface of the base layer; laying wood boards for molding by clinging to the geocell wood wedges on the two sides; cement concrete is mixed and poured into a wood board die for geocell reinforcement; after the geocell reinforced cement concrete layer is finally set, demolding, maintaining and drying are carried out, so that the designed strength is achieved;
(4) setting a road surface drainage ditch: broken stone drainage ditches with the width of 12-15cm and the transverse drainage gradient of 1% -2% are arranged on two sides of a surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete.
(5) Paving a wearing layer: and paving a layer of geogrid on the surface of the surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete, paving a cement mixture wearing layer on the surface of the geogrid, and rolling to a compacted state.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a method for calculating the thickness of the surface slab of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) traffic analysis:
the calculation formula of the cumulative action times of the design axle load of the design lane in the design reference period is as follows (1):
in the formula (1), NeThe accumulated times of design axle load born by the design lane in the design reference period (axle times/lane); t is a design reference period (a); grThe mean annual growth rate (in points) of truck traffic in the benchmark period; eta is the transverse distribution coefficient of the vehicle wheel track at the critical load position; n is a radical ofsDesign of axle-load daily action frequency for lane design [ axle/(lane. day)]；
(2) The primary simulation pavement structure: primarily selecting the thickness of the concrete slab according to the recommended range of the thickness of the cement concrete surface layer, the traffic grade, the road grade and the grade of the selected variation level listed in design Specification of Highway cement concrete road (JTG D40-2011) tables 4-3;
(3) determining the parameters of the pavement material:
(a) equivalent modulus of resilience E of slab-bottom foundation of newly-built highwaytCalculating according to the formula (2):
α＝0.86+0.26lnhX
in the formula, E0The comprehensive modulus of resilience (MPa) of the road bed top; a is the total thickness h of the granular material layerx(ii) the associated regression coefficients; eXIs the equivalent modulus of restitution (MPa) of the particle layer; h isxIs the total thickness (m) of the pellet layer; n is the number of layers of the particle layer; ei、hiThe modulus of resilience (MPa) and the thickness (m) of the ith structural layer are shown;
(b) the bending stiffness of the concrete surface layer is calculated according to the formula (3):
the relative stiffness radius r is calculated according to equation (4):
in the formula, DcThe section bending stiffness (MN.m) of the concrete surface layer plate; ec、hc、vcRespectively the flexural tensile modulus (MPa), thickness (m) and Poisson's ratio of the concrete surface laminate; r is the relative stiffness radius (m) of the concrete face ply; etThe equivalent modulus of resilience (MPa) of the foundation at the bottom of the slab;
(4) and (3) load stress calculation:
(a) the load stress generated by the axle load and the heaviest load at the critical load position is designed to be calculated according to the formula (5) and the formula (6) respectively:
in the formula, σpsTo design the axle loadLoad stress generated at a critical load position; sigmapmThe load stress generated at the critical load position for the heaviest load; psSingle axle weight (kN) for the design axle load; pmThe axle weight (kN) which is the heaviest axle load;
(b) determining three correction coefficients kr、kc、kf：
Stress reduction factor krThe road shoulder condition is mainly determined, and the concrete road shoulder is adopted as the structure of the road surface is a cement concrete road surface, and the specification is found to be 0.87; comprehensive coefficient k considering theoretical and actual difference and dynamic load factor influencecChecking the specification table 9-22 according to the road grade to determine; load fatigue stress coefficient kf：
In the formula, NeDesigning the accumulated action times of the axle load for a design reference period; lambda is the fatigue index of the material, and the common concrete is 0.057;
(c) load fatigue stress sigmaprAnd maximum load stress sigmap，maxRespectively according to the formula (7) and the formula (8):
σpr＝krkckfσps (7)；
σp，max＝kr，kcσpm (8)；
(5) and (3) calculating the temperature stress:
(a) temperature warping stress coefficient C of concrete surface laminateLAnd temperature stress coefficient B of comprehensive temperature warping stress and internal stressLRespectively according to the formula (9) and the formula (10):
in the formula, CLThe temperature warping stress coefficient of the concrete surface layer plate is shown; b isLTemperature stress coefficients which are comprehensive of temperature warping stress and internal stress; l is the transverse seam distance of the surface plate, namely the plate length (m); r is the relative stiffness radius (m) of the concrete face ply; t is a design reference period (a); h iscIs the thickness (m) of the concrete panel;
(b) temperature fatigue stress coefficient ktCalculated according to equation (11):
in the formula, at、bt、ctThe regression coefficient is determined according to a standard table B.3.4 of the road natural region in the region; sigmat，maxThe maximum temperature stress (MPa) generated by the surface plate at the maximum temperature gradient; f. ofrThe standard bending tensile strength (MPa) of the cement concrete surface layer;
(c) the temperature fatigue stress generated at the critical load position of the face plate is calculated according to the formula (12):
σtr＝ktσt，max (12)；
in the formula, σtrThe temperature fatigue stress (MPa) at the critical load position of the surface plate; sigmat，maxThe maximum temperature stress (MPa) generated by the surface plate at the maximum temperature gradient; k is a radical oftA temperature fatigue stress coefficient for taking into account a temperature stress cumulative fatigue effect;
(d) maximum temperature stress sigma of concrete surface laminate in maximum temperature gradientt，maxCalculated according to equation (13):
in the formula, alphacTaking the linear expansion coefficient of the concrete according to the lithology of the coarse aggregate and the standard table E.0.3-2; t isgFor the location of highwaysChecking a specification table 3.0.10 for taking the maximum temperature gradient in 50 years; b isLTemperature stress coefficients which are comprehensive of temperature warping stress and internal stress; ec、hcRespectively the flexural tensile modulus (MPa) and the thickness (m) of the concrete surface layer plate;
(6) checking the structural limit state:
as the novel geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure adopts the geocell reinforced graded broken stone base layer, which belongs to the elastic foundation single-layer plate model, only the limit state of the single-layer plate needs to be checked according to the formula (14) to determine whether the limit state is met;
in the formula, gammarThe reliability coefficient is used by looking up a specification table 3-1 according to the selected target reliability, the variation level grade and the variation coefficient; f. ofrThe standard value (MPa) of the flexural tensile strength of the cement concrete is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with the common cement concrete pavement, the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure and the construction method thereof greatly reduce the volume change caused by temperature, relieve the pavement damage caused by the combined action of load and temperature, improve the bearing capacity and integrity of the pavement structure, simultaneously effectively diffuse and homogenize the upper load, reduce uneven settlement and improve the deformation resistance of the cement concrete pavement structure. The earthwork grid chamber is added into the graded broken stone base course, so that the lateral restraint of the graded broken stones is greatly enhanced, the bearing capacity and the integrity of the base course are improved, and the generation of larger settlement deformation is avoided.
(2) The cement mixture wearing layer and the geogrid laid by the pavement structure can have good deformation compatibility with the geocell reinforced cement concrete layer. The cement mixture wearing layer can effectively avoid the damage of the cement concrete surface layer caused by the stress concentration at the top end of the geocell. The high-strength geogrid can bear the transverse shearing action between the wearing layer and the geocell reinforced cement concrete and relieve the stress concentration phenomenon on the interface of the wearing layer and the geocell reinforced cement concrete; on the other hand, the crack at the bottom of the base layer can be prevented from extending to the surface layer to generate a reflection crack, and the bending tension resistance and the shearing strength of the cement mixture are enhanced. The geotextile plays a role in stretching the membrane and connecting, so that the upper layer structure and the lower layer structure are coordinated and consistent, the upper load is diffused and homogenized better, the uneven deformation is coordinated, and the geotextile has multiple functions of reinforcing, isolating, filtering, draining, protecting and the like.
(3) The construction method is simple, the earthwork standard room is easy to stretch and can be stretched to a complete state, and meanwhile, after the earthwork standard room is added to the pavement structure, the bearing capacity of the pavement structure is greatly improved, so that the thickness of the cement concrete plate can be properly reduced, the construction cost is reduced, and the actual service life of the pavement is prolonged.
(4) The invention provides a method for calculating the thickness of a surface slab of a novel road surface structure by combining the design specifications of related road surface structures. The method selects a basic model for design and calculation according to the structural combination condition, and selects and calculates the load fatigue stress, the maximum load stress, the temperature fatigue stress and the maximum temperature stress according to the model. And finally, checking whether the expression meets the limit state expression or not, and determining an optimized design scheme. The calculation method has clear steps on the whole, reasonably utilizes the finite element calculation method, adopts the elastic ground substrate model to simplify partial calculation, and finally checks the limit state of the pavement structure, so that the optimal design scheme can be better determined.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the geocell wood wedge fixation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will further explain the pavement structure and construction method of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure of the embodiment includes a base layer 3, a surface layer 2 and a wearing layer 1 which are laid in sequence from bottom to top, and 4 in fig. 1 is a roadbed. The base layer 3 is a grading gravel layer 8 reinforced by upper and lower layers of geotextile 7 and a middle geocell 9; the surface layer 2 is a cement concrete layer 6 reinforced by geocells 9; the wearing course 1 is a cement mixture wearing course 11 and a geogrid 5. Referring to fig. 2, pull rings 10 are arranged on two sides of the geocell 9 along the road direction, the geocell 9 is stretched to a stretching state, and a wood wedge 11 penetrates through the pull rings 10 to fix the outermost geocell 9.
The construction method of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure comprises the following steps:
(1) leveling of the roadbed 4: according to the requirements of road design and construction specifications, the existing roadbed 4 is leveled and rolled to the required compaction degree, the surface of the roadbed 4 is ensured to be flat, the gradient is uniform, and no large-particle broken stone or sundries exist; after the roadbed 4 is leveled, a layer of non-woven geotextile 7 is laid, and the manufacturing of wood wedges 11 for fixing geocells is started.
(2) Laying a base layer 3: selecting geocells 9 with corresponding specifications according to the designed width of a road, wherein the length (L) of a single hole of the geocell 9 is 22cm, the width (B) of the single hole is 18cm, the height (H) of a cell piece is 10cm, and the thickness (D) of the cell piece is 1.5 mm; the geocell 9 is in a curve shape after being tensioned; paving and tensioning the geocell 9 along the direction of the road on site, ensuring that the geocell 9 is stretched to a tensioning complete state, then penetrating the wood wedges 11 through pull rings 10 on two sides of the geocell 9 and driving the wood wedges into the roadbed 4, fixing the wood wedges on the surface of the roadbed 4, wherein the top ends of the wood wedges 11 are equal to the surface of the roadbed 4 in height; finally, filling the graded broken stones into the geocell 9, and fully compacting; and laying a layer of non-woven geotextile 7 on the reinforced graded gravel layer 8 of the compacted geocell 9.
(3) Paving a surface layer 2: firstly, stretching the geocell 9 to a tensioning state; then, the wood wedge 11 penetrates through pull rings 10 on two sides of the geocell 9 and is driven into the base layer 3 to be fixed on the surface of the base layer 3, and the exposed part of the wood wedge 11 cannot be higher than the surface of the base layer 3; laying wood board moulds close to the geocell wood wedges 11 on the two sides; cement concrete is mixed and poured into a reinforced wood board mould of the geocell 9; and after the cement concrete layer 6 reinforced by the geocell 9 is finally set, demolding, maintaining and drying to enable the cement concrete layer to reach the design strength.
(4) Setting a road surface drainage ditch: broken stone drainage ditches with the width of 12cm and the transverse drainage gradient of 1.5 percent are arranged on two sides of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement.
(5) Laying a wearing layer 1: and paving a layer of geogrid 5 on the upper surface of the cement concrete layer 6 reinforced by the geocell 9, and paving a cement mixture wearing layer 11 on the surface of the cement concrete layer 6 and rolling to a compacted state.
The method for calculating the thickness of the surface slab of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure is described as follows by specific design examples:
a first-level highway with two-way four lanes is planned to be newly built in a certain place, the width of the road surface is 16m, the natural area of the road belonging to the place is divided into a VI area, the roadbed is soil which is low liquid limit clay, the distance between the top of a road bed and the underground water level is 1.5m, and the local coarse aggregates are mainly sandstone; adopting a geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement; the design axle load P is known through traffic investigations100kN, heaviest axle load Pm200kN, designing the initial standard axle load daily action number N of the lanes3200, average annual increase rate g of trafficrThe content was 5%.
(1) Traffic analysis:
from table 3.0.1, the design benchmark period t of the first-level highway is 30 years, and the safety level is first level; taking 0.20 as the transverse distribution coefficient eta of the vehicle wheel track at the critical load position according to the appendix A.2.4; therefore, the axle load accumulation action times of the designed lane in the design reference period
It can be seen from the table 3.0.7 that the traffic load belongs to the heavy traffic load class.
(2) The primary simulation pavement structure: the construction variation level of the first-level highway is taken as a low level; looking up a table for 4-3 according to the heavy traffic load grade and the low variation level grade of the first-level highway, and primarily simulating the thickness h of the geocell reinforced cement concrete surface platec0.24m, the base course is made of geocell reinforced graded broken stoneThickness h1Is 0.2 m; the plane size of the geocell reinforced cement concrete slab is 5.0m multiplied by 3.75m, the longitudinal joint is a tie rod flat joint, the transverse joint is a false joint without a dowel bar, the road shoulder surface layer adopts concrete with the same thickness as the roadway surface layer, and the tie rod is connected with the roadway plate.
(3) Determining the parameters of the pavement material: according to the table 3.0.8 and the appendix E.0.3-1, the bending-tensile strength standard value f of the reinforced cement concrete surface layer of the geocellr5.5MPa, corresponding to a flexural tensile modulus EcTo poisson ratio vc33GPa and 0.15 respectively; appendix E Table E.0.3-2, linear expansion coefficient α of concrete with coarse aggregate sandstonec＝12×10-6/° c; looking up a table E.0.1-1, and taking the rebound modulus of the low liquid limit clay as 80 MPa; looking up a table E.0.1-2, and taking the humidity adjustment coefficient of 0.76 when the distance from the underground water level is 1.5m, thereby obtaining the comprehensive modulus of resilience E of the road bed top080X 0.76 ═ 60.8 MPa; looking up a table E.0.2-1, wherein the resilience modulus of the reinforced graded broken stone base of the earth work grid chamber is 350 MPa;
α＝0.86+0.26lnhX＝0.86+0.26ln(0.20)＝0.442；
equivalent modulus of restitution E of foundation at bottom of slabtTaking the pressure to be 130 Mpa;
therefore:
(4) and (3) load stress calculation:
stress reduction coefficient k considering joint load transfer capacityr0.87; looking up the table B.2.1 to obtain the comprehensive coefficient kc1.10; fatigue stress coefficient of load
Designing the load stress sigma generated by the axle load at the critical load positionps：
Load stress sigma generated at critical load position by heaviest loadpm：
Load fatigue stress: sigmapr＝krkckfσps＝0.87×1.10×2.570×1.669＝4.10MPa；
Maximum load stress: sigmap，max＝krkcσpm＝0.87×1.10×3.202＝3.06MPa；
(5) And (3) calculating the temperature stress:
from Table 3.0.10, maximum temperature gradient TgTaking 90 ℃/m; so the comprehensive temperature warping stress coefficient CLAnd temperature stress coefficient B of internal stressLThe calculation is as follows:
BL＝1.77×e-4.48×0.24×0.741-0.131×(1-0.741)＝0.414；
maximum temperature stress sigma of concrete surface laminate in maximum temperature gradientt，max：
Temperature fatigue stress sigma generated at critical load position of surface platetr：
σtr＝ktσt，max＝0.42×1.77＝0.75MPa。
(6) Checking the structural limit state:
looking up table 3.0.1 and table 3-1, reliability coefficient gamma under the condition of first-level highway and low-level construction variation levelrTaking 1.13;
the single-layer plate model on the elastic foundation only needs to check the limit state of the single-layer plate:
the requirement of the structural limit state is met, the calculated thickness of the selected geocell reinforced cement concrete surface layer plate is 0.24m, and the comprehensive fatigue effect of the designed axle load and the temperature gradient in the design reference period and the primary limit effect of the heaviest axle load in the maximum temperature gradient can be borne. The thickness of the wearing layer was increased by 6mm and rounded up by 10mm, according to the requirements, the final design thickness being 0.25 m.
The invention provides a novel cement concrete pavement structure consisting of an abrasion layer, a geogrid, a geocell reinforced cement concrete surface layer and two layers of non-woven geotextiles and a graded gravel layer, and introduces a construction method of the novel pavement structure and a method for calculating the thickness of a surface slab thereof in detail. Compared with the traditional cement concrete pavement structure, the pavement structure has the characteristics of high strength, good integrity and strong deformation resistance due to the strong lateral constraint effect of the geocell. The cement mixture wearing layer can effectively avoid the damage of the cement concrete surface layer caused by stress concentration; the high-strength geogrid can bear the transverse shearing action between the wearing layer and the geocell reinforced cement concrete, and meanwhile, the stress concentration phenomenon on the interface of the wearing layer and the geocell reinforced cement concrete is relieved, so that the bending tensile strength and the shearing strength of the cement mixture are enhanced. The geotextile plays a role in stretching the membrane and connecting, so that the upper layer and the lower layer are coordinated and consistent in structure, the upper load is diffused and homogenized better, the uneven deformation is coordinated, and the geotextile has multiple functions of reinforcing, isolating, filtering, draining, protecting and the like. In conclusion, the pavement structure has strong bearing capacity and deformation resistance, the construction method is simple and easy to operate, the construction cost is low, the steps of the method for calculating the thickness of the surface slab are clear, the optimal design scheme can be obtained, and the method has great economic benefit and engineering significance.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only some, and not all, embodiments of the present invention. The present invention belongs to the field of cement concrete pavement and construction technology for highway engineering, and all other embodiments obtained without creative technology by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a geotechnique's check room adds muscle cement concrete pavement structure which characterized in that: the wear-resistant floor comprises a base layer, a surface layer and a wear layer which are sequentially paved from bottom to top; the base layer is an upper layer of geotextile, a lower layer of geotextile and a middle geocell reinforced graded crushed stone layer; the surface layer is a cement concrete layer reinforced by the geocell; the wearing layer is a cement mixture wearing layer and a geogrid; and pull rings are reserved on two sides of the geocell along the road direction, the geocell is stretched to a tension state, and the outermost geocell is fixed by penetrating the pull rings through wood wedges.
2. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, wherein: the geocell selects a reinforced high-density polyethylene sheet with the height of 5-10cm, namely an HDPE sheet material, and a three-dimensional reticular cell structure is formed by high-strength welding; the geotextile is a non-woven geotextile which is laid by using polyester staple fibers as a main material through different equipment and processes to form a net shape.
3. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 2, wherein: after the geocell is tensioned, the length of a single hole is 22-25cm, the width of the single hole is 15-18cm, and the thickness of the cell sheet is 1-2 cm.
4. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 3, wherein: the fixed depth of wood wedge is 25 ~ 30 cm.
5. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, wherein: when the thickness of the geocell structure layer of the surface layer is between 20 and 30cm, laying double-layer geocells; and when the thickness of the geocell structure layer is less than 20cm, laying a single-layer geocell.
6. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, wherein: the base layer is formed by filling natural gravels with stone strength not lower than IV grade and shape close to cube or sphere; the surface layer is formed by filling cement concrete with the compressive strength of 8-10 MPa.
7. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the wearing layer of the cement mixture of the wearing layer is 2-5.0 cm.
8. The geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, wherein: and road surface drainage ditches are arranged on two sides of the surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete, the width of each drainage ditch is 12-15cm, and the transverse drainage gradient is 1% -2%.
9. A method of constructing a geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) leveling a roadbed: leveling the roadbed and rolling to the required compaction degree according to the construction specification requirement, so as to ensure that the surface of the roadbed is smooth and the gradient is uniform; paving a layer of non-woven geotextile after the roadbed is leveled; manufacturing a wood wedge for fixing the geocell;
(2) laying a base layer: selecting geocells with corresponding specifications according to the designed width of a road, and paving and tensioning the geocells along the direction of the road; then, the wood wedges penetrate through pull rings on two sides of the geocell and are driven into the roadbed to be fixed on the surface of the roadbed, and the exposed parts of the wood wedges cannot be higher than the surface of the roadbed; finally, filling the graded broken stones into the geotechnical grid chamber, and fully compacting; laying a layer of non-woven geotextile on the compacted geocell reinforced graded gravel layer;
(3) paving a surface layer: laying and tensioning geocells along the direction of a road; then, the wood wedge penetrates through pull rings on two sides of the geocell and is driven into the base layer to be fixed on the surface of the base layer, and the exposed part of the wood wedge cannot be higher than the surface of the base layer; laying wood boards for molding by clinging to the geocell wood wedges on the two sides; cement concrete is mixed and poured into a wood board die for geocell reinforcement; after the geocell reinforced cement concrete layer is finally set, demolding, maintaining and drying are carried out, so that the designed strength is achieved;
(4) setting a road surface drainage ditch: arranging broken stone drainage ditches with the width of 12-15cm and the transverse drainage gradient of 1% -2% on two sides of a surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete;
(5) paving a wearing layer: and paving a layer of geogrid on the surface of the surface layer of the geocell reinforced cement concrete, paving a cement mixture wearing layer on the surface of the geogrid, and rolling to a compacted state.
10. A method for calculating the thickness of a face slab of the geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) traffic analysis:
the calculation formula of the cumulative action times of the design axle load of the design lane in the design reference period is as follows (1):
in the formula (1), NeThe accumulated times of design axle load born by the design lane in the design reference period (axle times/lane); t is a design reference period (a); grThe mean annual growth rate (in points) of truck traffic in the benchmark period; eta is the transverse distribution coefficient of the vehicle wheel track at the critical load position; n is a radical ofsDesign of axle-load daily action frequency for lane design [ axle/(lane. day)]；
(2) The primary simulation pavement structure: primarily selecting the thickness of the concrete slab according to the recommended range of the thickness of the cement concrete surface layer, the traffic grade, the road grade and the grade of the selected variation level listed in design Specification of Highway cement concrete road (JTG D40-2011) tables 4-3;
(3) determining the parameters of the pavement material:
(a) equivalent modulus of resilience E of slab-bottom foundation of newly-built highwaytCalculating according to the formula (2):
α＝0.86+0.26lnhX
in the formula, E0The comprehensive modulus of resilience (MPa) of the road bed top; a is the total thickness h of the granular material layerx(ii) the associated regression coefficients; eXIs the equivalent modulus of restitution (MPa) of the particle layer; h isxIs the total thickness (m) of the pellet layer; n is the number of layers of the particle layer; ei、hiModulus of resilience of the i-th structural layer(MPa) and thickness (m);
(b) the bending stiffness of the concrete surface layer is calculated according to the formula (3):
the relative stiffness radius r is calculated according to equation (4):
in the formula, DcThe section bending stiffness (MN.m) of the concrete surface layer plate; ec、hc、vcRespectively the flexural tensile modulus (MPa), thickness (m) and Poisson's ratio of the concrete surface laminate; r is the relative stiffness radius (m) of the concrete face ply; etThe equivalent modulus of resilience (MPa) of the foundation at the bottom of the slab;
(4) and (3) load stress calculation:
(a) the load stress generated by the axle load and the heaviest load at the critical load position is designed to be calculated according to the formula (5) and the formula (6) respectively:
in the formula, σpsLoad stress generated at a critical load position for designing the shaft load; sigmapmThe load stress generated at the critical load position for the heaviest load; psSingle axle weight (kN) for the design axle load; pmThe axle weight (kN) which is the heaviest axle load;
(b) determining three correction coefficients kr、kc、kf：
Stress reduction factor krMainly determined by the condition of road shoulder, because the road surface structure is cement concreteThe concrete shoulder is adopted as the road surface, and the specification is found to be 0.87; comprehensive coefficient k considering theoretical and actual difference and dynamic load factor influencecChecking the specification table 9-22 according to the road grade to determine; load fatigue stress coefficient kf：
In the formula, NeDesigning the accumulated action times of the axle load for a design reference period; lambda is the fatigue index of the material, and the common concrete is 0.057;
(c) load fatigue stress sigmaprAnd maximum load stress sigmap，maxRespectively according to the formula (7) and the formula (8):
σpr＝krkckfσps (7)；
σp，max＝krkcσpm (8)；
(5) and (3) calculating the temperature stress:
(a) temperature warping stress coefficient C of concrete surface laminateLAnd temperature stress coefficient B of comprehensive temperature warping stress and internal stressLRespectively according to the formula (9) and the formula (10):
in the formula, CLThe temperature warping stress coefficient of the concrete surface layer plate is shown; b isLTemperature stress coefficients which are comprehensive of temperature warping stress and internal stress; l is the transverse seam distance of the surface plate, namely the plate length (m); r is the relative stiffness radius (m) of the concrete face ply; t is a design reference period (a); h iscIs the thickness (m) of the concrete panel;
(b) temperature fatigue stress coefficient ktCalculated according to equation (11):
in the formula, at、bt、ctThe regression coefficient is determined according to a standard table B.3.4 of the road natural region in the region; sigmat，maxThe maximum temperature stress (MPa) generated by the surface plate at the maximum temperature gradient; f. ofrThe standard bending tensile strength (MPa) of the cement concrete surface layer;
(c) the temperature fatigue stress generated at the critical load position of the face plate is calculated according to the formula (12):
σtr＝ktσt，max (12)；
in the formula, σtrThe temperature fatigue stress (MPa) at the critical load position of the surface plate; sigmat，maxThe maximum temperature stress (MPa) generated by the surface plate at the maximum temperature gradient; k is a radical oftA temperature fatigue stress coefficient for taking into account a temperature stress cumulative fatigue effect;
(d) maximum temperature stress sigma of concrete surface laminate in maximum temperature gradientt，maxCalculated according to equation (13):
in the formula, alphacTaking the linear expansion coefficient of the concrete according to the lithology of the coarse aggregate and the standard table E.0.3-2; t isgThe maximum temperature gradient of the highway location within 50 years is checked and taken by a specification table 3.0.10; b isLTemperature stress coefficients which are comprehensive of temperature warping stress and internal stress; ec、hcRespectively the flexural tensile modulus (MPa) and the thickness (m) of the concrete surface layer plate;
(6) checking the structural limit state:
as the novel geocell reinforced cement concrete pavement structure adopts the geocell reinforced graded broken stone base layer, which belongs to the elastic foundation single-layer plate model, only the limit state of the single-layer plate needs to be checked according to the formula (14) to determine whether the limit state is met;
in the formula, gammarThe reliability coefficient is used by looking up a specification table 3-1 according to the selected target reliability, the variation level grade and the variation coefficient; f. ofrThe standard value (MPa) of the flexural tensile strength of the cement concrete is obtained.
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