CN111961723A - Tumor marker for noninvasive detection of early ovarian cancer diagnosis and kit - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tumor marker and a kit for noninvasive detection of early ovarian cancer diagnosis, which have high sensitivity and strong specificity and have important clinical significance for improving the early diagnosis rate of ovarian cancer. Tumor markers for non-invasive detection of early ovarian cancer diagnosis, comprising one or more of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22, ASIP four genes, at least one of which is more methylated in the peripheral blood when early stage carcinogenesis occurs in human ovaries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of in-vitro diagnosis and detection reagents, in particular to a primer pair, a probe and a kit for multi-gene methylation joint detection for detecting early ovarian cancer and application thereof.
Background
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer is derived from a variety of tissues, such as epithelial, erotic-mesenchymal, germ cells, and the like. Epithelial ovarian cancer is most common and accounts for 90% of all. Ovarian cancer is currently discovered primarily by imaging and detection of blood tumor markers. However, ovarian cancer, which is detected by these two tests, generally has progressed to a middle or advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. The poor prognosis of ovarian cancer is strongly related to the late discovery, and the ovarian cancer is frequently found in the late stage because the ovarian cancer is developed in the abdominal cavity, has latent onset and insignificant symptoms and is difficult to attach importance. Despite the existing various treatment methods such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate of ovarian cancer is still not high. At the end, the early diagnosis technology is still lack, the tumors cannot be found early, and the improvement of the ovarian cancer screening level is urgently needed in the clinical aspect. Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, early treatment, is an important means to improve prognosis.
The tumor marker carbohydrate antigen CA125 has high sensitivity but not high enough specificity, and CA125 can be increased in ovarian cancer and ovarian benign diseases. Therefore, it sometimes causes false positive of the detection result. Human epididymis protein HE4 is first found in human epididymis epithelial cells and then used as a novel tumor marker of ovarian cancer, and the specificity of the human epididymis protein HE4 in distinguishing ovarian tumors is higher than that of CA 125. Tumor markers of ovarian cancer have limitations of sensitivity and specificity, and no index can have high sensitivity and specificity to ovarian cancer at the same time. In addition, no tumor markers could be detected well for early stage ovarian cancer. Ultrasonic detection is a main imaging means for finding ovarian cancer, but the detection rate of the stage I ovarian cancer without ovary enlargement or morphological abnormality by ultrasonic is not high.
The liquid biopsy is one of the hot techniques in the field of early tumor screening and detection at present, and can detect the whole body tumor information by collecting a small amount of blood samples. The method avoids the limitations of traditional operations and needle biopsy, and is a breakthrough technology for detecting tumors and cancers. Liquid biopsies mainly include CTC and ctDNA and exosome detection. ctDNA, also called circulating tumor DNA, is a DNA fragment released from tumor cells into the blood circulation. The mutation property and the type of the gene are consistent with those of tumor tissues, so that the property, the stage, the prognosis judgment, the targeted treatment and the like of the tumor can be evaluated by detecting ctDNA. The detection content of the ctDNA comprises genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics and the like, and the detection of single gene can be carried out, and the detection of multiple genes can also be carried out. Since ctDNA is derived from tumor tissue, it contains genetic information that is consistent throughout the tumor tissue.
On a normal genome, 70% to 80% of gene cpgs are methylated, whereas the cpgs of the promoter region are unmethylated. In tumor tissue, the opposite is true, showing hypomethylation of the whole genome and hypermethylation of the promoter region. The hypomethylation of the whole genome causes the instability of the genome and can activate silent genes such as protooncogenes under normal conditions, and the hypermethylation of a promoter region can inhibit and silence the expression of cancer suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulatory genes and apoptosis genes, thereby promoting the occurrence of tumors. DNA methylation is therefore closely associated with the development of a tumor, an early event in tumorigenesis. Since CPG islands are highly methylated earlier than tumor hyperplasia, the methylation sites of certain genes can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis of tumors. Abnormal methylation of the genes can be used as an early diagnosis marker of ovarian cancer.
In the past, methylation research focuses on single-gene promoter region methylation, and recent research finds that the combination of multiple genes can further improve the specificity and sensitivity of DNA methylation characteristics. The characteristic methylation fingerprint maps in different tumor tissues can be used for early diagnosis and staging of tumors, curative effect evaluation, relapse monitoring, prognosis judgment and the like. In recent years, ovarian cancer and gene abnormal methylation have been studied more frequently, but many gene methylation combination (panel) detection studies and reports are few.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the current situation of early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the tumor marker and the kit for noninvasive detection of early diagnosis of ovarian cancer provided by the invention have the advantages of high sensitivity and strong specificity, and have important clinical significance for improving the early diagnosis rate of ovarian cancer.
Tumor markers for non-invasive detection of early ovarian cancer diagnosis, comprising one or more of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22, ASIP four genes, at least one of which is more methylated in the peripheral blood when early stage carcinogenesis occurs in human ovaries.
The tumor marker has the advantage that when the human ovarian has early canceration, the methylation degree of the WFIKKN2 gene in peripheral blood is increased.
When the human ovary has early canceration, the methylation degree of at least two genes in the four genes is improved.
A noninvasive multi-gene combined detection kit for early ovarian cancer diagnosis comprises a plurality of primer pairs and probes, including primer pairs and probes for detecting WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP gene methylation and primer pairs and probes of internal reference ACTB, wherein the sequences of the primers and the probes are shown as SEQ ID No: 1-SEQ ID No. 15.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
has high sensitivity and high specificity, and is suitable for early noninvasive screening of human ovarian cancer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
The invention provides a primer pair and a probe for noninvasive multi-gene methylation combined detection of early ovarian cancer, which comprise a primer pair and a probe for detecting WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP gene methylation respectively. The WFIKKN2 gene is also called growth differentiation factor related serum protein 1(GASP1), belongs to FS family, PROK1 gene prodynein gene, CD22 gene belongs to cell differentiation antigen, and ASIP gene is acanthis signal protein gene.
Example 1
This example is to screen 4 candidate genes that are abnormally methylated in ovarian cancer by applying bioinformatics and experimental verification methods, and to verify the detection accuracy of the candidate genes in ovarian cancer in plasma samples.
Validation of methylation of candidate genes by Pyrophosphoric acid sequencing experiments
After 10 ovarian cancer patient plasma samples were PCR amplified, the amplification products were pyrosequenced using pyrosequencing. The results show that the average methylation rates of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP genes reach more than 85 percent, the average methylation rates of the control groups are less than 5 percent, and the differences are significant compared with the control groups. The methylation of the 4 genes is shown to have a remarkable difference between the ovarian cancer and the normal group, and can be used as an early diagnosis marker of the ovarian cancer.
WFIKKN2 was highly specific among the 10 samples.
Example 2
Based on the results of example 1, this example designed gene-specific primer pairs and probes for early detection of ovarian cancer, including primers and probes for detection of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22, ASIP gene methylation, and primers and probes for internal reference ACTB, respectively; wherein the primer pair for detecting the methylation of the WFIKKN2 gene is SEQ ID No:1 and SEQ ID No: 2, and the probe is SEQ ID No: 3 sequence (b).
WFIKKN2F1: 5’- GTTTGTTTAAGGGTTGTGTGAAG-3’ (SEQ ID No:1);
WFIKKN2R1: 5’- ACCATTCTACAAAATCTATCTTTTCTACTT -3’(SEQ ID No:2);
WFIKKN2 probe: TGATGAAATTAAGGGGAATTTAAA (SEQ ID No: 3).
The primer pair for detecting methylation of the PROK1 gene is SEQ ID No: 4 and SEQ ID No: 5, the probe is SEQ ID No: 6 sequence.
PROK1F1: 5’- GGGGATGTAGGAGAGTTTGGTT -3’(SEQ ID No:4);
PROK1R1: 5’- CCCCTATAATCACAACACAATCAAACAC -3’(SEQ ID No:5);
Probe for PROK 1: AGTTTGTTAGGTATAAGGT (SEQ ID No: 6).
The primer pair for detecting the methylation of the CD22 gene is SEQ ID No: 7 and SEQ ID No: 8, and the probe is SEQ ID No: 9 sequence.
CD22F1: 5’- AGTTTAGTGGGTGAGTAAGAAAAG-3’(SEQ ID No:7);
CD22R1: 5’- AATACTAACCCAAACCACAATCC -3’(SEQ ID No:8);
CD22 probe: GGGTGAGTAAGAAAAGT (SEQ ID No: 9).
The primer pair for detecting the methylation of the ASIP gene is SEQ ID No: 10 and SEQ ID No: 11, and the probe is SEQ ID No: 12 sequence.
ASIPF1: 5’- TAGGAGGTTGAGGTAGGAGAAT -3’(SEQ ID No:10);
ASIPR1: 5’- ACCCACAAAACCATAATTTATTATCA -3’(SEQ ID No:11);
ASIP probe: GAGGTAGGAGAATGG (SEQ ID No: 12).
The primer pair for detecting methylation of the ACTB reference gene is SEQ ID No: 13 and SEQ ID No: 14, and the probe is a sequence shown in SEQ ID No:15 sequence (b).
ACTBF1: 5’-AAGACCTGTACGMCAACAC-3’(SEQ ID No:13);
ACTBR1: 5’-GGAGCAATGATCTTGATCTT-3’(SEQ ID No:14);
ACTB probe: TCTGGCGGCACCACCATGTACC (SEQ ID No: 15).
The 5 'end of the gene specific probe is combined with fluorescent dye, and the 3' end is combined with quencher. When the probe is paired with the target sequence, the fluorescence emitted by the fluorophore is quenched by proximity to a quencher at the 3' end. When the extension reaction is performed, the 5' exonuclease activity of the polymerase cleaves the probe, so that the fluorescent group is separated from the quencher and fluorescence is emitted. The production of a molecule is accompanied by the generation of a fluorescent signal for a molecule. The released fluorophores accumulate as the number of amplification cycles increases.
The fluorescent dye may be selected from the group consisting of FAM, ROX, CY5, and HEX in combination. Such as FAM fluorescent dyes. The gene-specific probe is different from the internal reference probe in the 5' end fluorescent group.
The 5' end fluorescent group of the internal reference probe can be a VIC fluorescent group, so that the fluorescent signals of the gene to be detected and the internal reference gene can be conveniently distinguished, and the detection result can be conveniently judged.
The 3' ends of the gene specific probe and the internal reference probe are both provided with quenching groups, and the quenching groups are MGB and TAMRA.
Example 3
This example is a multigene methylation detection kit for early ovarian cancer screening comprising the primer pair and probe described in example 1.
For those skilled in the art, the kit may further comprise a free DNA extraction reagent, a sulfite conversion reagent, a real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR amplification reagent, a negative and positive control, and the like. As the free DNA extraction kit and the sulfite conversion reagent, commercially available kits can be used. The fluorescent quantitative PCR reagent comprises PCR amplification buffer solution, primers, probes, DNA polymerase and the like. The positive control can be human genomic DNA and the negative control can be deionized water.
Example 4
This example is a method for screening and detecting early ovarian cancer by using the above-mentioned kit.
1) Materials, kits and apparatus
A free DNA extraction kit, a sulfite conversion kit and a fluorescent quantitative PCR instrument.
2) Sample preparation
Peripheral plasma, negative and positive controls of the patients were thawed for use. The patient was admitted with a large informed consent.
3) Extraction of free DNA and sulfite conversion
And (3) extracting free DNA from the plasma sample according to the DNA extraction specification, wherein the process comprises DNA cracking and combination, DNA washing and elution, and finally, eluting the DNA by using an eluent to obtain the extracted DNA.
The sulfite conversion experiments were performed as described, and included sulfite conversion, binding step, first wash, desulfonation, second wash, third wash, fourth wash, drying, and elution of DNA.
4, PCR amplification reaction of the sample
Sample adding, wherein 15ul of sample template DNA, negative quality control substances and positive quality control substances are respectively added into a PCR reaction tube, 35ul of PCR reaction solution is added, and the total amount of a reaction system is 50 ul.
The reaction condition is 95 ℃ denaturation for 5 min; annealing and extending at 95 ℃ for 10s and 60 ℃ for 35s for 45 cycles;
performing fluorescent signal and result judgment on the DNA sample subjected to PCR amplification, and if the internal reference reaction is normal, judging that the suspected ovarian cancer case is a suspicious ovarian cancer case if any one of the four genes WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP is positive in the PCR amplification, and performing follow-up detection or B-ultrasonic confirmation; two or more genes are positive, the result is judged to be positive, and confirmation diagnosis such as B-ultrasonic diagnosis or CT diagnosis is recommended.
Compared with the existing ovarian cancer detection technology, the invention has the following advantages and characteristics:
the abnormal gene methylation is earlier than the tumor lump formation, so the screening and detection of the tumor are also earlier than the detection of the existing tumor marker.
According to the invention, the gene methylation detection technology is adopted to accurately detect the methylation sites related to the ovarian cancer, the sensitivity is high, the specificity is good, the accuracy is high, the gene methylation detection with extremely low copy number can be realized, and the lesion signs of the ovarian cancer can be prompted at an early stage.
The detection method established according to the invention has better specificity on ovarian cancer and has no cross reaction on normal samples and blank controls.
The detection result of the clinical sample shows that hypermethylated genes are not detected in 10 normal samples, and more than 85% of genes are detected in 10 ovarian cancer samples. P <0.001 compared to the normal group. Showing the accuracy of the detection kit and method.
As can be seen from the above examples, the kit and the method of the present invention are suitable for detecting methylation detection of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP genes in peripheral blood, and the detection result provides detection basis for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but this is only for exemplary purposes, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
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<400> 11
acccacaaaa ccataattta ttatca 26
<210> 12
<211> 15
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 12
gaggtaggag aatgg 15
<210> 13
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 13
aagacctgta cgmcaacac 19
<210> 14
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 14
ggagcaatga tcttgatctt 20
<210> 15
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 15
tctggcggca ccaccatgta cc 22
Claims (4)
1. A tumor marker for noninvasive detection of early ovarian cancer diagnosis, which is characterized in that,
comprises one or more of WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP, and the methylation degree of at least one of the four genes in the peripheral blood is increased when early canceration of human ovarian is generated.
2. The tumor marker of claim 1, wherein the WFIKKN2 gene methylation level in peripheral blood is increased when early stage canceration occurs in human ovaries.
3. The tumor marker of claim 1, wherein at least two of said four genes are methylated to an increased extent when early stage canceration of a human ovarian is present.
4. A noninvasive multi-gene combined detection kit for early ovarian cancer diagnosis is characterized by comprising a plurality of primer pairs and probes, including the primer pairs and probes for detecting WFIKKN2, PROK1, CD22 and ASIP gene methylation and the primer pairs and probes of internal reference ACTB, wherein the sequences of the primers and probes are shown as SEQ ID No: 1-SEQ ID No. 15.
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