CN111958187A - Machining treatment method of miniature shaft - Google Patents
Machining treatment method of miniature shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111958187A CN111958187A CN202010840757.7A CN202010840757A CN111958187A CN 111958187 A CN111958187 A CN 111958187A CN 202010840757 A CN202010840757 A CN 202010840757A CN 111958187 A CN111958187 A CN 111958187A
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- shaft
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- miniature
- rough blank
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
Abstract
The invention provides a processing method of a micro shaft, which is applied to the technical field of mechanical element tight processing, wherein a rough blank is processed by a specified process to prepare a qualified material, so that the micro shaft assembled in electronic equipment has the functions of resistance, magnetism and low iron loss coercive force, the precision processing efficiency of the micro shaft is improved, the surface quality and the dimensional tolerance of the micro shaft are improved, and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining of mechanical elements, in particular to a machining method of a micro shaft.
Background
The miniature shaft is a precision shaft with relatively small size and high precision, is mainly made of carbon steel, stainless steel, copper or aluminum and other metal materials, is mainly subjected to surface treatment such as zinc plating, nickel plating or carburization and the like, and is mainly applied to products such as a miniature vibration motor in a mobile phone, a massager, a printer, a copier, a rotating shaft in automobile parts, a scanner or a CD/VCD (compact disc/video disc) and the like. The main processing method comprises the steps of punching and cutting the stainless steel wire into a blank by a punching and cutting machine, then carrying out heat treatment, grinding, surface treatment, turning, grinding, polishing and other processes, sorting, packaging and the like. The main processing equipment includes grinding machine, lathe, instrument lathe, heat treatment, barrel polishing, etc. The existing manufacturing method of the miniature shaft often causes the end face of the miniature shaft to be uneven, the surface parameters and the dimensional tolerance can not meet the engineering requirements, and the installation and the use of the miniature shaft are influenced.
For some miniature shafts used on electronic devices, the miniature shafts are made into magnetic cores and are arranged in the electronic devices, so that the miniature shafts form resistance, magnetism and low iron loss coercive force, but the prior art does not highlight the technology of modifying the miniature shafts into magnetism, does not know related materials for realizing the magnetism technology, has low magnetic permeability and high iron occupation ratio of the current materials, and is not suitable for the current light-weight electronic equipment.
Document CN102528581A also discloses a machining process of a miniature shaft with a fillet, which includes the following process steps: deburring the micro shaft processed into the sections; heat treatment, namely performing heat treatment on the miniature shaft to improve the hardness of the miniature shaft; the micro shaft is subjected to cryogenic treatment, so that the hardness of the micro shaft is further improved; grinding, namely grinding by a centerless machine to reserve allowance for the outer diameter of the miniature shaft relative to the size of a finished product, so that the roundness of the miniature shaft is improved, and the surface of the miniature shaft is not damaged; grinding the end face, namely grinding the end face of the miniature shaft by using an end face grinding machine to enable the end face of the miniature shaft to be perpendicular to the axis of the miniature shaft; grinding, namely grinding by a planetary rolling polisher to remove surface grinding traces of the miniature shaft, so that the outer diameter of the miniature shaft meets the requirement of the size of a finished product, and the end face of the miniature shaft forms a fillet; and screening out the processed miniature shaft. The end face grinding process is further arranged, so that the verticality of the end face of the miniature shaft relative to the axis is good, the fillet processed in the later stage can be perpendicular to the axis of the miniature shaft, the miniature shaft can be tightly attached to and perpendicular to the mounting surface during mounting, and the fillet cannot be influenced by the grinding process before rounding. In addition, the grinding of the planetary rolling polishing machine is utilized to grind the round angle of the miniature shaft, meanwhile, the trace caused by the grinding process is removed, and the one-time grinding process is omitted, so that the process steps are reduced, and the processing cost is reduced. The process conditions of deburring, heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, grinding and the like have no special requirements, and the process is simple, feasible, popular and understandable and can be known and operated by common technicians. The fillet is formed by grinding and rounding the intersection of the end face and the outer circle. The planetary rolling and polishing machine utilizes the rolling and grinding characteristics of the planetary rolling and polishing machine, improves the processing and efficiency, saves the processing time, and the grinding stone is high-bottle porcelain with the diameter of 3 mm, can be properly changed, and generally has the diameter of 2mm to 5 mm. The grinding time is determined according to the characteristics and the requirements of the product, the grinding condition of the miniature shaft can be paused and observed in the grinding process, and the grinding time is adjusted according to different product characteristics and product requirements, so that the miniature shaft achieves the best grinding effect, namely the required rounded end face of the product. The diameter of the processed micro-shaft is 0.8 mm, and the length is 5 mm. Of course, other dimensions may be used, and the range of micro-shaft dimensions that are easier to machine is 1 mm to 20 mm in length and 0.6 mm to 2mm in diameter. The diameter of the miniature shaft is less than 2mm, and the smaller the diameter of the shaft is, the shorter the grinding process is needed, and the better the processing effect is, so that the shaft with too large diameter, which exceeds the scope of the miniature shaft, is not suitable for the process, and the length of the miniature shaft is also not suitable for being too long.
The processes of deburring, heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, grinding and the like in the prior art are not fine enough, and cannot meet the process requirements of precise micro shafts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method of a miniature shaft, which realizes the functions of resistance, magnetism and low iron loss coercive force of the miniature shaft assembled in electronic equipment, improves the precision processing efficiency of the miniature shaft, improves the surface quality and dimensional tolerance of the miniature shaft and improves the product quality.
The invention adopts the following technical means for solving the technical problems:
the invention provides a processing method of a micro shaft, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a cylinder close to a target micro-shaft execution as a raw material, and controlling a micro-feeding system by adopting a data machine tool with the minimum feeding amount of 0.0001 mm to control a diamond cutter to cut the raw material according to the length required by the process to form a micro-shaft rough blank;
coating high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating on the micro-shaft rough blank, and then carrying out normalizing and quenching treatment;
winding an amorphous strip which is made of chemical components (weight percent) of Ni 2-3, Co 2-8, Mn 0-2, Si 6-10, B12-15 and the balance of Fe into a ring shape by a single-roller method, sleeving the amorphous strip on a micro shaft material, and then carrying out transverse magnetic annealing treatment in pure nitrogen or argon atmosphere, wherein the transverse magnetic field intensity is 300A/cm;
the micro-shaft rough blank is sent into an environment with the temperature of-100 ℃ for treatment for 2 hours, and is heated and tempered again;
grinding by adopting green silicon carbide abrasive materials and utilizing a finely finished grinding wheel with the granularity of 60-80, wherein the processing precision is 1 mu m, the surface roughness is less than Ra0.025 mu m, measuring the outer diameter of the miniature shaft by utilizing a laser non-contact measuring device after grinding is finished, and controlling the outer diameter of the miniature shaft to be larger than the size of a finished product by within 2 microns;
putting the end face grinding clamp on a plane grinder to grind the end faces at two ends of the blank, and improving the planeness of the end faces and the perpendicularity of the end faces and the axis;
for a micro shaft with special appearance requirements, grooving, milling, knurling, drilling and/or hobbing operations are required; for the straight rod optical axis, a carbamate oilstone prepared by mixing low-foaming ethyl carbamate and an abrasive is adopted for rolling grinding, and a polishing solution is added between the oilstone and the processed surface of the miniature shaft, so that the processing effect is improved;
performing magnetofluid polishing by using a suspension liquid consisting of ferromagnetic micro powder, a surfactant and a carrier liquid;
the CCD camera is adopted to convert the detected target into an image signal, the image signal is transmitted to the image processing system, the image processing system carries out calculation, the automatic identification function is realized, and qualified miniature shafts which accord with the manufacturing precision are screened out.
Further, in the step of coating the high-temperature oxidation-resistant composite coating on the micro-shaft rough blank and then performing normalizing and quenching treatment, the normalizing and quenching treatment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, rapidly heating a micro-shaft rough blank to 970 ℃ at a speed of more than 50 ℃/min by adopting a high-frequency induction heater, and performing air cooling normalizing at the temperature to obtain uniformly distributed pearlite; when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 900 ℃, a flexible nozzle is adopted to rapidly and uniformly spray cooling water doped with an antirust agent to the micro-shaft rough blank for quenching, so that the hardness of the surface of the micro-shaft rough blank reaches more than 50HRC, the water pressure of the cooling water is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the flow rate of the cooling water is more than or equal to 10L/s.
Further, the transverse magnetic annealing treatment method comprises the following steps:
and stopping spraying water when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 200 ℃ in the quenching process, and tempering for 320 minutes to increase the flexibility of the micro-shaft rough blank.
Further, the high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: SiO2 (54-63%), Al2O3 (8.3-9.3%), ZrO2 (7.5-7.9%), SiC (5.4-6.1%), inorganic composite phosphate adhesive (14.3-17.0%), silica sol (5.4-6.1%) and water in balance.
Further, the preparation method of the high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula of claim 4;
mixing the weighed SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC, inorganic composite phosphate adhesive and silica sol, grinding the mixture by a mortar, sieving the obtained powder by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance silicon carbide ceramic powder.
The invention provides a processing method of a miniature shaft, which has the following beneficial effects:
the miniature shaft assembled in the electronic equipment has the functions of resistance, magnetism and low iron loss coercive force, the precision machining efficiency of the miniature shaft is improved, the surface quality and the dimensional tolerance of the miniature shaft are improved, and the product quality is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for machining a micro-shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic flow chart of a method for processing a micro-shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;
a method for processing a micro-shaft comprises the following steps:
s100, selecting a material to be preprocessed, namely selecting a cylinder close to a target micro-shaft to execute as a raw material, and controlling a micro-feeding system to control a diamond cutter to cut the raw material according to the length required by the process by adopting a data machine tool with the minimum feeding amount of 0.0001 millimeter to form a micro-shaft rough blank;
s200, high-temperature oxidation prevention treatment, namely coating a high-temperature oxidation prevention composite coating on the micro-shaft rough blank, and then carrying out normalizing and quenching treatment;
s300, magnetizing, namely winding an amorphous strip which is prepared from chemical components (weight percent) of Ni 2-3, Co 2-8, Mn 0-2, Si 6-10, B12-15 and the balance of Fe into a ring shape by using a single-roll method, sleeving the amorphous strip on a micro shaft material, and then carrying out transverse magnetic annealing treatment in a pure nitrogen or argon atmosphere, wherein the transverse magnetic field intensity is 300A/cm;
s400-tempering treatment, namely, conveying the micro-shaft rough blank into an environment with the temperature of-100 ℃ for treatment for 2 hours, and heating and tempering again;
s500, adopting green silicon carbide abrasive materials, grinding by using a finely finished grinding wheel with the granularity of 60-80, wherein the processing precision is 1 micron, the surface roughness is less than Ra0.025 micron, measuring the outer diameter of the miniature shaft by using a laser non-contact measuring device after grinding is finished, and controlling the outer diameter of the miniature shaft to be larger than the size of a finished product by within 2 microns;
s600, grinding the surface, namely putting an end surface grinding clamp on a plane grinder to grind the end surfaces of two ends of the blank, and improving the planeness of the end surfaces and the verticality with the axis;
s700, carrying out selective grinding treatment, namely, turning grooves, milling flat, knurling, drilling and/or hobbing operations are required for the miniature shaft with special appearance requirements; for the straight rod optical axis, a carbamate oilstone prepared by mixing low-foaming ethyl carbamate and an abrasive is adopted for rolling grinding, and a polishing solution is added between the oilstone and the processed surface of the miniature shaft, so that the processing effect is improved;
s800, polishing treatment, namely performing magnetofluid polishing by adopting a suspension liquid consisting of ferromagnetic micro powder, a surfactant and a carrier liquid;
s900, qualified product detection processing, namely converting the detected target into an image signal by adopting a CCD camera, transmitting the image signal to an image processing system, and carrying out operation by the image processing system to realize an automatic identification function and screen out qualified miniature shafts meeting the manufacturing precision.
In particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
in step S200, the normalizing and quenching processing method includes:
firstly, rapidly heating a micro-shaft rough blank to 970 ℃ at a speed of more than 50 ℃/min by adopting a high-frequency induction heater, and performing air cooling normalizing at the temperature to obtain uniformly distributed pearlite; when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 900 ℃, a flexible nozzle is adopted to rapidly and uniformly spray cooling water doped with an antirust agent to the micro-shaft rough blank for quenching, so that the hardness of the surface of the micro-shaft rough blank reaches more than 50HRC, the water pressure of the cooling water is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the flow rate of the cooling water is more than or equal to 10L/s.
The reason why 970 degree air-cooling normalization is adopted is that the internal stress left by the deformation of the metal material becomes residual stress at the time of cutting machining of the metal in the previous step, and the deformation occurs at the time of heat treatment such as quenching and tempering, and the magnitude of the deformation is proportional to the magnitude of the residual stress (machining stress or residual stress). For a workpiece with a small dimension such as a micro-axis, the fine deformation has a great influence on the quality of the finished product. Further, the internal structure of the metal material is changed by heat treatment such as quenching and tempering, and therefore transformation deformation occurs, and the deformation caused by quenching, in addition to transformation deformation caused by structural change, also causes deformation due to a difference in cooling rate at the time of rapid cooling because of a complicated shape. Through normalizing and tempering treatment, deformation caused by machining can be effectively eliminated, and aiming at deformation caused by difference of cooling speed, a great number of experiments find that the water pressure of cooling water is controlled in the quenching process to play a very important role in reducing the deformation. Further research shows that when the water pressure is less than 0.1MPa, the martensite structure in the micro-shaft rough blank is obviously increased, and the martensite volume is larger than the volume of austenite and pearlite, so that stress is generated in the metal, and further the deformation of the micro-shaft rough blank is increased. When the water pressure of the cooling water is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.1MPa, the deformation of the micro-shaft rough blank can be effectively reduced. In addition, the flow rate of the cooling water also has a great influence on the deformation of the micro-shaft blank, and when the flow rate is less than 10L/s (liter/second), the research shows that a remarkable temperature gradient is generated in the micro-shaft blank, and the temperature gradient also causes the deformation of the micro-shaft blank. When the deformation caused by the temperature gradient is superposed with the deformation peak caused by the martensite, the abnormal adverse effect is generated on the quality of the finished micro-shaft, and the condition should be avoided in an important way. In other words, the water pressure of the cooling water is controlled to be greater than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the flow rate of the cooling water is greater than or equal to 10L/s (liters per second), so that the deformation of the micro-shaft rough blank can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the improvement of the finished product quality of the micro-shaft is facilitated.
In step S300, the transverse magnetic annealing process includes:
and stopping spraying water when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 200 ℃ in the quenching process, and tempering for 320 minutes to increase the flexibility of the micro-shaft rough blank.
In the step S200, the high-temperature oxidation-resistant composite coating is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: SiO2 (54-63%), Al2O3 (8.3-9.3%), ZrO2 (7.5-7.9%), SiC (5.4-6.1%), inorganic composite phosphate adhesive (14.3-17.0%), silica sol (5.4-6.1%) and water in balance.
Specifically, the preparation method of the high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula of claim 4;
mixing the weighed SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC, inorganic composite phosphate adhesive and silica sol, grinding the mixture by a mortar, sieving the obtained powder by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance silicon carbide ceramic powder.
In conclusion, the micro shaft assembled in the electronic equipment has the functions of resistance, magnetism and low iron loss coercive force, the precision machining efficiency of the micro shaft is improved, the surface quality and the dimensional tolerance of the micro shaft are improved, and the product quality is improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for processing a micro-shaft, comprising:
selecting a cylinder close to a target micro-shaft execution as a raw material, and controlling a micro-feeding system by adopting a data machine tool with the minimum feeding amount of 0.0001 mm to control a diamond cutter to cut the raw material according to the length required by the process to form a micro-shaft rough blank;
coating high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating on the micro-shaft rough blank, and then carrying out normalizing and quenching treatment;
winding an amorphous strip which is made of chemical components (weight percent) of Ni 2-3, Co 2-8, Mn 0-2, Si 6-10, B12-15 and the balance of Fe into a ring shape by a single-roller method, sleeving the amorphous strip on a micro shaft material, and then carrying out transverse magnetic annealing treatment in pure nitrogen or argon atmosphere, wherein the transverse magnetic field intensity is 300A/cm;
the micro-shaft rough blank is sent into an environment with the temperature of-100 ℃ for treatment for 2 hours, and is heated and tempered again;
grinding by adopting green silicon carbide abrasive materials and utilizing a finely finished grinding wheel with the granularity of 60-80, wherein the processing precision is 1 mu m, the surface roughness is less than Ra0.025 mu m, measuring the outer diameter of the miniature shaft by utilizing a laser non-contact measuring device after grinding is finished, and controlling the outer diameter of the miniature shaft to be larger than the size of a finished product by within 2 microns;
putting the end face grinding clamp on a plane grinder to grind the end faces at two ends of the blank, and improving the planeness of the end faces and the perpendicularity of the end faces and the axis;
for a micro shaft with special appearance requirements, grooving, milling, knurling, drilling and/or hobbing operations are required; for the straight rod optical axis, a carbamate oilstone prepared by mixing low-foaming ethyl carbamate and an abrasive is adopted for rolling grinding, and a polishing solution is added between the oilstone and the processed surface of the miniature shaft, so that the processing effect is improved;
performing magnetofluid polishing by using a suspension liquid consisting of ferromagnetic micro powder, a surfactant and a carrier liquid;
the CCD camera is adopted to convert the detected target into an image signal, the image signal is transmitted to the image processing system, the image processing system carries out calculation, the automatic identification function is realized, and qualified miniature shafts which accord with the manufacturing precision are screened out.
2. The method for processing and treating a micro-shaft according to claim 1, wherein in the step of coating the high-temperature oxidation-resistant composite coating on the micro-shaft blank and then performing the normalizing and quenching treatment, the normalizing and quenching treatment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, rapidly heating a micro-shaft rough blank to 970 ℃ at a speed of more than 50 ℃/min by adopting a high-frequency induction heater, and performing air cooling normalizing at the temperature to obtain uniformly distributed pearlite; when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 900 ℃, a flexible nozzle is adopted to rapidly and uniformly spray cooling water doped with an antirust agent to the micro-shaft rough blank for quenching, so that the hardness of the surface of the micro-shaft rough blank reaches more than 50HRC, the water pressure of the cooling water is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the flow rate of the cooling water is more than or equal to 10L/s.
3. The method for processing the micro-shaft according to claim 1, wherein the transverse magnetic annealing is performed by:
and stopping spraying water when the average temperature of the micro-shaft rough blank is reduced to 200 ℃ in the quenching process, and tempering for 320 minutes to increase the flexibility of the micro-shaft rough blank.
4. The processing method of the micro shaft as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature anti-oxidation composite coating is prepared from the following raw materials by mass percent: SiO2 (54-63%), Al2O3 (8.3-9.3%), ZrO2 (7.5-7.9%), SiC (5.4-6.1%), inorganic composite phosphate adhesive (14.3-17.0%), silica sol (5.4-6.1%) and water in balance.
5. The method for processing the miniature shaft according to claim 4, wherein the preparation method of the high-temperature anti-oxidation composite coating comprises the following steps:
weighing the components according to the formula of claim 4;
mixing the weighed SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, SiC, inorganic composite phosphate adhesive and silica sol, grinding the mixture by a mortar, sieving the obtained powder by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the weighed water, and uniformly stirring to obtain the high-performance silicon carbide ceramic powder.
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| CN202010840757.7A CN111958187A (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Machining treatment method of miniature shaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010840757.7A CN111958187A (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2020-08-20 | Machining treatment method of miniature shaft |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1050109A (en) * | 1989-09-03 | 1991-03-20 | 首都钢铁公司冶金研究所 | Method for making amorphous constant-permeability core |
| CN102528581A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2012-07-04 | 温州神一微型轴有限公司 | Technology for machining micro shaft with fillet |
| CN103100828A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-15 | 林小平 | Manufacturing method of miniature shaft |
| CN104551577A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-29 | 温州神一微型轴有限公司 | Production method of miniature shafts |
| CN106119720A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-16 | 温州神微型轴有限公司 | A kind of Minisize axial and preparation method thereof |
| CN108047777A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-18 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of anti-oxidation composite coating of high-temperature steel and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-08-20 CN CN202010840757.7A patent/CN111958187A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1050109A (en) * | 1989-09-03 | 1991-03-20 | 首都钢铁公司冶金研究所 | Method for making amorphous constant-permeability core |
| CN102528581A (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2012-07-04 | 温州神一微型轴有限公司 | Technology for machining micro shaft with fillet |
| CN103100828A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-05-15 | 林小平 | Manufacturing method of miniature shaft |
| CN104551577A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-04-29 | 温州神一微型轴有限公司 | Production method of miniature shafts |
| CN106119720A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-11-16 | 温州神微型轴有限公司 | A kind of Minisize axial and preparation method thereof |
| CN108047777A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-18 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of anti-oxidation composite coating of high-temperature steel and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201120 |
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