CN111955355A - Simulated sheep urine and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Simulated sheep urine and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111955355A CN111955355A CN202010778253.7A CN202010778253A CN111955355A CN 111955355 A CN111955355 A CN 111955355A CN 202010778253 A CN202010778253 A CN 202010778253A CN 111955355 A CN111955355 A CN 111955355A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
Abstract
The invention provides simulated sheep urine and a preparation method and application thereof. The main components of the simulated sheep urine comprise glucose, urea, peptone and NH4Cl、KH2PO4、NaHCO3、MgSO4·7H2O、NaCl、CaCl2KCl and NaOH, and the pH is 8.00-9.00. The simulated sheep urine provided by the invention has higher similarity with actual fresh sheep urine, the production cost is lower, and the cost for preparing 1L of the reagent for simulating sheep urine is about 7.61 yuan. Compared with the field collection of actual sheep urine, the method saves time and labor and does not cause stress reaction of animals. In the process, the preparation is easy to prepare in batches, and is non-toxic and harmless. Is very suitable for the sheep breeding padding simulation fermentation test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation of biochemical reagents, in particular to simulated sheep urine and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the intensive and large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding, the pollution caused by the large amount of discharged livestock and poultry manure is more and more serious. Therefore, it is necessary to find a low-cost and high-benefit livestock and poultry breeding mode and a waste treatment technology, so as to reduce the source of the excrement and achieve harmless and resource utilization. The fermentation bed cultivation technology is characterized in that one or more organic wastes (such as rice husks, sawdust, straws and the like) with high carbon content are fully mixed with a functional microbial inoculum according to a certain proportion to prepare padding, livestock and poultry live on the padding, and excrement and urine are directly discharged from the padding, so that the absorption and adsorption of urine can be realized; in addition, the feces and urine are mixed with the surface padding through the trampling of the livestock and poultry, and the feces and urine of the livestock and poultry are rapidly degraded and digested after in-situ fermentation under the combined action of microorganisms in the organic padding and microorganisms in the feces and urine. In a short time, flushing and dung cleaning are not needed, so that the aims of pollution emission reduction in cultivation and resource utilization of agricultural wastes are fulfilled. Compared with the traditional culture mode, the fermentation bed culture technology can solve the problem of feces treatment, improve the culture environment of livestock and poultry, improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, save the cost and the like.
The core of the fermentation bed cultivation lies in the selection and management of the fermentation padding, and the selection of the optimal padding type and the material ratio is very important for reducing epidemic disease propagation and pollution discharge in the livestock and poultry cultivation. In recent years, fermentation bed breeding technology is mostly focused on cattle, pigs and poultry and livestock, and the fermentation bed sheep breeding technology is less researched. In addition, the current research is generally carried out on the spot of a livestock farm, the time and the labor are consumed, the cost is higher, and part of the livestock farm does not have scientific research conditions, so that the livestock breeding bedding simulation fermentation test carried out in a laboratory has very important significance for predicting the actual production process of livestock and researching the fermentation bed breeding technology.
In order to simulate the actual fermentation process of the sheep raising bedding more accurately, a certain amount of fresh sheep manure needs to be added into the test fermentation device every day. And because the water intake of sheep is less, the urine output of sheep is less, and it is consuming time and laboursome to gather a large amount of fresh sheep urine on the spot, and because the influence of a lot of factors such as environment, breed condition and feed composition of sheep urine composition and nature unstable, be not applicable to sheep culture bedding simulation fermentation test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large sheep urine demand and inconvenient collection in the process of sheep breeding bedding material simulated fermentation, and provides simulated sheep urine which has higher similarity with actual fresh sheep urine, is non-toxic and harmless and has lower cost, and a preparation method and application thereof.
According to the actual situation of a sheep farm, fresh sheep urine is collected in a specific sheep farm, the content of main components in the urine is measured, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the data, simulated sheep urine which is high in similarity with the actual fresh sheep urine, non-toxic, harmless and low in cost is prepared.
In order to achieve the object, in a first aspect, the invention provides a simulated sheep urine, which comprises the following components: 36.40-41.80g/L glucose, 16.50-16.80g/L urea and 13.20-13.70g/L, NH peptone4Cl 2.60-3.20g/L、KH2PO4 0.10-0.30g/L、NaHCO3 11.20-11.50g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 10.30-11.80g/L、NaCl 0.40-2.30g/L、CaCl20.30-0.60g/L, KCl 16.10.10-17.90 g/L and NaOH 1.20-1.30g/L, and the pH value is 8.00-9.00.
Preferably, the simulated sheep urine comprises the following components: 41.71g/L glucose, 16.71g/L urea and 13.61g/L, NH peptone4Cl 3.12g/L、KH2PO4 0.22g/L、NaHCO3 11.47g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 11.71g/L、NaCl 2.22g/L、CaCl20.51g/L, KCl 17.85.85 g/L and NaOH 1.23g/L, pH 8.5.
Further, the simulated sheep urine also contains a preservative.
The antiseptic may be thimerosal at a final concentration of 0.05-0.10g/L, preferably 0.10 g/L.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a preparation method of the simulated sheep urine, which comprises the following steps: dissolving glucose, urea and salts in deionized water, dissolving peptone, NaOH and antiseptic in the deionized water, diluting to desired volume, and filtering with 0.2 μm filter membrane.
In a third aspect, the invention provides application of the simulated sheep urine in a fermentation bed cultivation technology.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides application of the simulated sheep urine in simulated fermentation of sheep breeding bedding.
Preferably, the breed of sheep is merino sheep.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides application of the simulated sheep urine in production, screening and quality control of fermentation bed padding.
By the technical scheme, the invention at least has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
on the basis of biochemical analysis research on fresh sheep urine, the invention firstly provides simulated sheep urine and a preparation method thereof, which are highly similar to the physical and chemical properties of actual sheep urine, have stable properties and are not influenced by sheep farm environment, breeding conditions and feed formula.
The invention overcomes the problems of low yield of fresh sheep urine and inconvenient taking and measuring, saves time and labor in the process of preparing the simulated sheep urine compared with the process of collecting actual sheep urine on site, and does not cause stress reaction of animals. The method is suitable for the scientific research field needing a large amount of sheep urine, such as sheep breeding bedding simulation fermentation test.
And thirdly, the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, the operation is simple and convenient, the production cost is low, and the preparation method can be prepared in batches and is easy to store. The added thimerosal preservative can prevent the preparation from being polluted by bacteria or microorganisms, and has low toxicity and irritation.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of simulated sheep urine, which is characterized in that the components in the sheep urine are influenced by factors such as sheep species, gender, growth stage and environment, so that the invention only collects and measures a certain specific sheep urine. The specific scheme is as follows:
(1) collecting sheep urine: in a certain sheep farm in the Beijing cisternate area, fresh urine of 10 adult rams (aged > 1 year, the variety of the sheep is merino sheep, and the weight is about 100kg) within 24h is collected by using a metabolism cage for five consecutive days, and the content of main components in the urine of each sheep is respectively measured (Table 1).
TABLE 1 main assay index and method for fresh sheep urine
(2) Preparing sheep urine: determining a preparation method of the simulated sheep urine according to the content of the measured sheep urine components.
The main components of sheep urine comprise water, glucose, protein, urea and various inorganic salts.
Preferably, the COD, C of sheep urine is represented by glucose6H12O6+6O2＝6CO2+6H2O, 180g of glucose, 192g of COD (amount of oxygen consumed), was calculated as 1g of glucose, 1.067g of COD. In the present invention, glucose may be replaced by sodium acetate, and glucose is preferred because glucose is closer to animal urine components when calculated from 0.58g COD on 1g sodium acetate.
Preferably, the total nitrogen comprises inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen, since inorganic nitrogen in sheep urine is mainly NH4 +The form-N, thus using NH4Cl represents ammonia nitrogen of sheep urine; the organic nitrogen mainly comprises urea and protein, wherein the urea represents the urea component of the sheep urine, and the peptone represents the protein component of the sheep urine. NH (NH)4The Cl can be replaced by other common ammonium salts such as (NH)4)2CO3、NH4HCO3、(NH4)2SO4Instead of this.
Preferably, the phosphorus in sheep urine can be inorganic salt containing phosphorus such as KH2PO4It is also possible to represent part of the potassium and the remainder of the potassium may be replaced by KCl. Wherein, KH2PO4Other common readily soluble phosphorus-containing inorganic salts such as NaH may also be used2PO4Instead, KCl can be K2SO4、KHCO3Instead of this.
Preferably, magnesium in sheep urine can be MgSO4·7H2O represents, at the same time, SO4 2-。
Preferably, the calcium in sheep urine can be CaCl2Typically, Ca (HCO) can be used3)2Instead of this.
Preferably, HCO in sheep urine3 -Can use NaHCO3Represents, and can also represent partial sodium element; the remaining sodium elements can be supplemented with NaCl and NaOH. NaHCO 23Other readily soluble bicarbonates such as KHCO may be used3、Ca(HCO3)2、Mg(HCO3)2Instead, becauseSheep urine is alkaline, OH in solution-With Ca (HCO)3)2、Mg(HCO3)2Ionized Ca2+、Mg2+Bind to form Ca (OH) with lower solubility2、Mg(OH)2Therefore, the substitute is preferably KHCO3。
Preferably, NH4Cl, KCl, NaCl and CaCl2Can represent Cl in sheep urine-。
Preferably, the actual pH value of the sheep urine is generally within the range of 8-9, and the pH value of the simulated sheep urine is about 7.46 before the pH regulator (NaOH) is added, so that the pH value is adjusted to about 8.5 by adding the NaOH particle reagent into the solution.
Preferably, thimerosal reagent is added to the simulated sheep urine for preservation.
In every 1L of deionized water 12 reagents of glucose, urea, peptone, salts and thimerosal are dissolved, and all solid reagents in the formula are national Shanghai test analytical pure reagents. The formula and cost of the simulated sheep urine are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 formula and cost of simulated sheep urine
| Formulation of | Quality (g) | Monovalent (yuan/g) | Formulation of | Quality (g) | Monovalent (yuan/g) |
| Glucose C6H12O6·H2O | 41.71 | 0.038 | NaCl | 2.22 | 0.030 |
| Urea CO (NH)2)2 | 16.71 | 0.036 | CaCl2 | 0.51 | 0.046 |
| Peptone | 13.61 | 0.140 | KCl | 17.85 | 0.062 |
| NH4Cl | 3.12 | 0.030 | NaOH | 1.23 | 0.044 |
| KH2PO4 | 0.22 | 0.050 | Thimerosal | 0.10 | 8.000 |
| NaHCO3 | 11.47 | 0.034 | Deionized water | 1000 | 0.0005 |
| MgSO4·7H2O | 11.71 | 0.040 | Total price (Yuan) | 7.61 |
As can be seen, the cost of preparing 1L of the reagent simulating sheep urine is about 7.61 yuan. Compared with the field collection of actual sheep urine, the method saves time and labor, does not cause stress reaction of animals, and has lower cost. In the process, the simulated sheep urine is prepared on the basis of analysis of actual fresh sheep urine, has high similarity with the sheep urine, is easy to prepare in batches, and is non-toxic and harmless.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products.
Example 1 preparation of simulated sheep urine
Simulated sheep urine was prepared according to the formula of table 3. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly adding glucose, urea and various salts into a proper amount of deionized water for full dissolution, then dissolving peptone, NaOH reagent and thimerosal in the deionized water, then fixing the volume into a 1L volumetric flask, and filtering the solution through a 0.2 mu m filter membrane to obtain the simulated sheep urine (the pH is about 8.5). The solution is subpackaged into a plurality of parts by using brown small bottles, is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ in a dark place by using an encryption plug, and can be used after being taken out to room temperature at the moment of use.
Table 3 example 1 formula for simulating sheep urine
| Formulation of | Quality (g) | Formulation of | Quality (g) |
| Glucose C6H12O6·H2O | 41.71 | NaCl | 2.22 |
| Urea CO (NH)2)2 | 16.71 | CaCl2 | 0.51 |
| Peptone | 13.61 | KCl | 17.85 |
| NH4Cl | 3.12 | NaOH | 1.23 |
| KH2PO4 | 0.22 | Thimerosal | 0.10 |
| NaHCO3 | 11.47 | Deionized water | 1000 |
| MgSO4·7H2O | 11.71 | / | / |
Example 2 preparation of simulated sheep urine
Simulated sheep urine (pH around 8.5) was prepared according to the formula of table 4. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Table 4 example 2 formula of simulated sheep urine
| Formulation of | Quality (g) | Formulation of | Quality (g) |
| Glucose C6H12O6·H2O | 39.07 | NaCl | 1.32 |
| Urea CO (NH)2)2 | 16.63 | CaCl2 | 0.42 |
| Peptone | 13.43 | KCl | 17.00 |
| NH4Cl | 2.88 | NaOH | 1.23 |
| KH2PO4 | 0.19 | Thimerosal | 0.08 |
| NaHCO3 | 11.36 | Deionized water | 1000 |
| MgSO4·7H2O | 11.04 | / | / |
Example 3
Simulated sheep urine (pH around 8.5) was prepared according to the formula of table 5. The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Table 5 example 3 formula for simulated sheep urine
| Formulation of | Quality (g) | Formulation of | Quality (g) |
| Glucose C6H12O6·H2O | 36.43 | NaCl | 0.42 |
| Urea CO (NH)2)2 | 16.55 | CaCl2 | 0.33 |
| Peptone | 13.26 | KCl | 16.16 |
| NH4Cl | 2.65 | NaOH | 1.23 |
| KH2PO4 | 0.17 | Thimerosal | 0.05 |
| NaHCO3 | 11.26 | Deionized water | 1000 |
| MgSO4·7H2O | 10.37 | / | / |
Test example 1:sheep breeding bedding simulation fermentation test
The method is characterized in that 9 treatments are arranged according to the principle that the volumes of padding are the same, namely CK: pure sheep manure, T1: sandy soil, T2: sawdust, T3: rice hulls, T4: corn stover, T5: sawdust + rice hull, T6: sawdust + straw, T7: rice hull + straw, T8: sawdust, rice husk and straw. And (3) processing the simulated sheep manure gasket by using the CK, wherein the simulated sheep manure gasket does not exist initially, the sheep manure is gradually accumulated along with the prolonging of the simulated fermentation time, the simulated soil gasket is processed by using the T1, and the simulated bedding is processed by using the T2-T8 for cultivation. The test design is set according to the mass ratio of 1:1 or 1:1:1 of the padding materials. The padding materials are mixed according to the proportion in each treatment, the initial water content is adjusted to be about 40%, and then the materials are loaded into a simulated fermentation device. Sheep manure addition simulation sheep farm actual feeding density of 1.5m2The sheep excrement excretion of each sheep and 2 kg/d and the sheep urine excretion of each sheep are calculated according to 0.6 kg/d, fresh sheep excrement taken from a test point and fresh simulated sheep urine prepared according to example 1 are added into a simulated fermentation device every day according to the actual area of the device, 262g of sheep excrement and 80g of simulated sheep urine are respectively added into each fermentation device every day, and the sheep excrement and the simulated sheep urine are fully and uniformly mixed with the surface padding. Daily determination of CO2、CH4And N2The concentration of O was used to calculate the total greenhouse effect for a test period of 60 days.
The result shows that compared with the treatment of pure sheep manure, the padding can obviously reduce the total greenhouse effect of in-situ fermentation of sheep breeding by 78.9-98.4%. Wherein the emission reduction effect of the sandy soil is optimal and is 98.4%; the emission reduction effect of the sawdust in the organic padding processing group is optimal and is 92.3%; the emission reduction rate of the treatment of removing the sawdust and the rice husks is 86.2 percent, and the total temperature chamber effect of the padding of the other multi-material treatment groups is larger than that of the single-material treatment group.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The simulated sheep urine is characterized by comprising the following components: 36.40-41.80g/L glucose, 16.50-16.80g/L urea and 13.20-13.70g/L, NH peptone4Cl 2.60-3.20g/L、KH2PO4 0.10-0.30g/L、NaHCO311.20-11.50g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 10.30-11.80g/L、NaCl 0.40-2.30g/L、CaCl20.30-0.60g/L, KCl 16.10.10-17.90 g/L and NaOH 1.20-1.30g/L, and the pH value is 8.00-9.00.
2. The simulated sheep urine as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components: 41.71g/L glucose, 16.71g/L urea and 13.61g/L, NH peptone4Cl 3.12g/L、KH2PO4 0.22g/L、NaHCO3 11.47g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 11.71g/L、NaCl 2.22g/L、CaCl20.51g/L, KCl 17.85.85 g/L and NaOH 1.23g/L, pH 8.5.
3. The simulated sheep urine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a preservative.
4. The mimetic sheep urine as set forth in claim 3, wherein said preservative is thimerosal at a final concentration of 0.05 to 0.10 g/L.
5. The method for preparing sheep urine simulant as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the preparation method comprises dissolving glucose, urea and salts in deionized water, dissolving peptone, NaOH and antiseptic therein, diluting to desired volume, and filtering with 0.2 μm filter membrane.
6. Use of the simulated sheep urine of any of claims 1-4 in a fermentation bed cultivation technique.
7. The use of the simulated sheep urine of any one of claims 1-4 in simulated fermentation of sheep farming litter.
8. The use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the breed of sheep is a merino sheep.
9. Use of the simulated sheep urine of any one of claims 1-4 in the production, screening and quality control of fermentation bed padding.
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