CN111955312B - Method for preparing greening planting soil by improving dredged sludge - Google Patents
Method for preparing greening planting soil by improving dredged sludge Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving and preparing greening planting soil by dredging sludge, which screens sludge raw materials and greening plant waste products prepared from greening plant waste based on index control, and realizes the accurate design of the greening planting soil prepared by improving the dredging sludge through the mechanical composition of target prepared soil, technical index regulation and control of materials and the mixing amount of the greening plant waste products. The method is based on the detection of basic parameters of dredged sludge and greening plant waste products, coordinates the mutual influence and mutual restriction among all technical indexes by decomposing the basic parameters of the target prepared soil and controlling according to a scientific and reasonable preparation process, can actually solve the problem of treatment of partial dredged sludge and greening plant waste, can also actually solve the problem of demand of greening planted soil, and has practical environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing greening planting soil by improving dredged sludge, which utilizes greening plant waste products and conditioning materials to improve dredged sludge and prepare greening planting soil, and belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment.
Background
Dredging is an important method for improving navigation, water conservancy flood control, lake and reservoir capacity and improving water environment, and the treatment and disposal of the dredged soil are mainly carried out in a mode of abandoning or dumping in a water area near the engineering. In recent years, with the increasing demand of human beings for environmental standards, the prevention and reduction of pollution of water and land areas by dredging activities has become an important issue that must be considered for dredging engineering. The great output of the dredged sludge not only causes the great increase of the cost of the dredging project, but also causes the difficulty of the project implementation due to the lack of the abandoned site. The sludge is a resource and is generated continuously, and how to change waste into valuable for resource utilization is a problem to be solved urgently at present.
The dredged sludge is subjected to resource utilization of greening planting soil, and the implementation path of the prior technical scheme mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the doping scheme is that the sludge is doped into soil with defective physicochemical properties to improve the mechanical composition and nutrient content of the soil, for example, the method of moving and sticking the sand, guiding flood and diffusing the sludge is adopted to improve the soil of sandy agricultural land, and the method of doping the sludge and fertilizing to improve the soil of green belts and the like;
(2) the solidification scheme is that a certain amount of admixture is added into the sludge, partial water is consumed to generate solidified soil, and the solidified soil is crushed to change the physicochemical property of the sludge so as to form the vegetation soil;
(3) the composting scheme is characterized in that sludge is used as one of raw materials and is composted after being mixed with other organic and inorganic materials to prepare a compost product.
The search shows that:
CN108834460A discloses a sludge utilization method and application, wherein sludge with pollutant indexes meeting the specification requirements is firstly subjected to harmless treatment, the steps are that the sludge is stacked on green belt soil for leveling and drying, then sludge fermentation bacteria diluent is sprayed on the sludge, then plowing and rest curing are carried out, the cured soil is used for landscaping planting, wherein the leveling thickness of the sludge is 10-20 cm, the leveled sludge is naturally air-dried to the moisture content of 25-40%, the soil plowing mode is rotary tillage, the rotary tillage depth is 30-40 cm, the rotary tillage frequency is at least 3 times, the moisture content of the sludge during 1 st and 2 nd rotary tillage is controlled to be 30-40%, the moisture content of the sludge during 3 rd rotary tillage is controlled to be below 20%, preferably sludge fermentation bacteria diluent is sprayed during 2 nd and 3 rd rotary tillage intervals, preferably the volume ratio of the sludge to the soil during rotary tillage mixing is 1 (1-5), the time for fallow and curing is 2-3 months. The technical proposal actually utilizes the nutrients in the sludge to improve the soil for the green belt, obtains good effect aiming at the sludge in the embodiment, however, the difference of the nutrient components of the sludge in different water body environments is larger, for example, organic matter content is less than 1% low, approximately 20% high, too low to be useful as a nutrient source, too high to exceed regulatory standards, requiring limited use, and in addition, the embodiment specifically describes the safety index and the nutrient index through the examples, but does not describe the physical and chemical indexes, and actually, since the sludge is mixed into the green belt soil in a higher proportion, the mechanical composition of the green belt soil can be changed, the texture, the soil infiltration rate and the EC value are changed, therefore, when the mud quality is changed, the technical scheme needs to be perfected if being applied.
CN110002701A discloses a method for treating dredged sediment in soil, which comprises the steps of obtaining precipitated sludge through flocculation precipitation of the dredged sediment, simultaneously adding sulfide to remove heavy metals, obtaining humus sludge through biological metabolism of the precipitated sludge, adding curing agent into the humus sludge to dewater and dry the humus sludge to obtain dry sludge, crushing the dry sludge, adding rice straw and corn straw, and finally sterilizing through industrial microwave to obtain plantable soil, wherein the characteristic index comprises the density (soil volume weight) of 1.12g/cm3～1.11g/cm3The porosity is 53-54%, and the rape, the green vegetable and the ryegrass are well grown after being tested and planted. However, the soil produced by the method set forth in the technical scheme is only capable of realizing two characteristic indexes of density and porosity, and has no expression on soil type, quality standard, soil safety, physicochemical and nutrient indexes, so that the soil is difficult to formally apply.
CN109258393A discloses planting soil prepared by curing sludge and application thereof, CN101805104A Chinese patent application discloses a method for treating dredged sediment in soil, and CN110526551A discloses a sludge dewatering curing agent and a resource utilization method, and the 3 technical schemes all belong to the method for preparing the planting soil by curing the sludge, and the prepared soil is suitable for plant growth. However, the method for preparing the soil by the technical scheme has no clear soil category and quality target, and the soil safety, physicochemical property and nutrient indexes are not completely expressed, so that the further application of the scheme is limited.
CN108911807A discloses a method for classification treatment of river sludge, CN109160860A discloses a method for combined resource utilization of town food garbage, agricultural and forestry wastes, river sludge and municipal sludge, and CN 109197524A discloses garden cultivating soil prepared from high-alkalinity river and lake sludge, a preparation method and application thereof, and the 3 technical schemes belong to a composting scheme, namely sludge is used as one of raw materials, and is composted after being mixed with other organic and inorganic materials to prepare compost products. The compost products prepared by the technical scheme are different from soil products, and belong to other utilization modes of sludge resource utilization.
The inventor finds that the prior art has defects in the implementation process of the scheme:
(1) the planting soil produced by improving the sludge by using the prior art scheme has no clear soil texture type and soil quality standard, or the soil quality standard is provided but the specific index is incomplete, and the soil belongs to non-standard planting soil, so that the planting soil is difficult to breed in the practical application process;
(2) the implementation steps of the prior art scheme for improving or recycling the sludge emphasize the realization of partial technical indexes of the soil and the requirement that the produced planting soil can meet the growth of the test plants, the mutual influence among the technical indexes, such as the mutual influence and mutual restriction among the mechanical composition of the soil, the content of organic matters, the density of the soil and the infiltration rate of the soil, is only slightly considered, and the influence on the EC value after the sludge is added with organic and inorganic materials to form the soil is also considered. Due to the lack of systematic flow design, when the properties of the sludge and the plant growth environment are changed, the prior art scheme is difficult to directly deal with the soil quality and the plant growth effect.
Therefore, a technical scheme for systematically and universally improving and preparing the greening planting soil by the sludge is urgently needed to be developed, and the accurate control of the soil forming quality is realized through the systematic soil preparation flow control.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the method for improving and preparing the greening planting soil by the dredged sludge is characterized in that greening plant waste products and regulating materials are mainly used for improving the dredged sludge to prepare the greening planting soil, the precise control of soil forming quality is realized through systematic preparation flow control, the soil for general greening planting which meets the greening planting soil standard of China urban construction industry (CJ/T340-2016) is prepared, and the resource utilization of the dredged sludge and the greening plant waste is realized.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the technical purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing greening planting soil by improving dredged sludge comprises the following steps:
screening sludge raw materials from dredged sludge incoming materials, and measuring physicochemical properties;
screening green plant wastes, classifying and crushing the green plant wastes to prepare green plant waste products, and measuring the physical and chemical properties of the green plant waste products;
preparing a conditioning material based on the mechanical composition of the target prepared soil, and determining the physical and chemical properties of the conditioning material; the regulating material is a sandy soil material consisting of sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains with different grain size contents;
preparing the blending amount of the greening plant waste product based on the index requirement of target soil preparation;
and (3) mixing the green plant waste products and the regulating materials into the sludge raw materials, and performing mixing, drying and crushing operation to prepare the target prepared soil wool.
Furthermore, the dredging sludge incoming material is water body dredging sludge, including water bodies such as rivers, lakes, coastal areas, reservoirs, ditches and the like; the dredged sludge incoming material is screened to remove solid garbage, then concentration or dehydration treatment is carried out to obtain a treated material, and the treated material meeting the requirements is screened out based on control indexes to be used as a sludge raw material.
The detection content of the control indexes comprises pH, salt content, heavy metal control indexes and other pollution control indexes.
Further, the measured physicochemical properties include pH, salt content, water content, mechanical composition, and organic matter.
Furthermore, the green plant waste screening method includes the steps of removing non-plant materials and pollution plant materials from green plant waste incoming materials, separating pest and disease damage waste, and sorting and crushing the remaining healthy waste to obtain waste scraps.
The green plant waste comprises dry branch and fallen leaf waste generated by natural renewal in the growth process of the green plant, plant waste materials such as arbor and shrub trimmings (intermediate cuts) generated in the greening maintenance process, lawn trimmings, waste grass flowers in gardens and flower beds, weeds and the like, and waste woods, tree roots and the like generated by felling due to engineering construction or disaster resistance and disease prevention.
Furthermore, the green plant waste is screened in a mode that green plant waste incoming materials are removed from non-plant materials and polluted plant materials, pest and disease damage wastes are separated, other healthy wastes are classified and sorted, and waste chips with the particle size smaller than the specified particle size are prepared after various wastes are classified and crushed.
Preferably, the other healthy wastes except the pest and disease wastes are classified and sorted, and the wastes can be classified and divided according to the tree roots, trunks, branches, leaves, grass and flowers, and are correspondingly made into different waste fragments.
Further, the green plant waste product comprises a compost product and a sludge drying expanding agent. The waste scraps can be made into compost products through composting treatment, and the qualified compost products can be used as sludge drying expanding agents. The compost product is a material formed by decomposing and decomposing organic substances by using microorganisms; comprises organic matrix for greening, organic fertilizer and primary fermentation waste scraps.
Preferably, the compost adopts an aerobic composting process, and the high temperature generated during the stacking is utilized to kill germs, worm eggs and weed seeds in the waste scraps, thereby achieving the purpose of harmlessness.
Preferably, the organic matrix for greening is in accordance with the standard of organic matrix for greening (LY/T1970-2011) or organic matrix for greening (GB/T33891-2017), the organic fertilizer is in accordance with the standard of organic fertilizer (NY/T496-2010), the primary fermentation waste scraps are in the initial stage of composting, the fermentation process is characterized in that organic components which are easy to decompose in organic matters are decomposed by microorganisms, and germs, worm eggs and weed seeds brought by raw materials are killed by utilizing high temperature generated in stacking, so that the purpose of harmlessness is achieved, and the duration is generally 7-15 d.
Preferably, the composition of the greening waste product also can comprise auxiliary materials and inoculation microbial inoculum.
When the waste scraps are used for preparing compost, auxiliary materials and inoculated microbial inoculum are generally added to ensure that the compost raw materials meet the preparation requirements, and toxic, harmful, dangerous and other substances which seriously pollute the environment are strictly forbidden to be mixed in the compost raw materials. The auxiliary materials are organic and/or inorganic adjusting materials for adjusting pH and C/N, C/P of compost, such as livestock and poultry manure, municipal sludge, dregs, urea, P fertilizer, K fertilizer and the like; the inoculant can accelerate the composting process and improve the composting effect to different degrees, and the currently applied inoculant mainly comprises a microbial inoculant, a commercial additive and an effective natural material.
Further, the mechanical composition preparation regulating material for preparing soil based on the target is as follows: and respectively measuring the proportions of the silt raw material and the sand, the silt and the clay of the regulating material, preparing the proportions of the sand, the silt and the clay of the soil according to the target, and determining the doping amount of the regulating material.
Specifically, the method for calculating the doping amount of the adjusting material comprises the following steps:
firstly, setting a proper target prepared soil mechanical composition according to the target prepared soil texture setting requirement, namely the grain ratio of sand grains, powder sand grains and clay grains;
secondly, calculating the grain size content difference of sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains in the mechanical composition of the target prepared soil and the mechanical composition of the sludge raw material, selecting a proper type of the conditioning material according to the grain size content difference, and measuring the mechanical composition of the conditioning material;
thirdly, calculating a mixture ratio according to the grain size content difference calculated in the second step and the grain size contents of sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains formed by different adjusting material machines, and selecting a proper adjusting material and a corresponding mixture ratio, wherein the proportion quantity of the mixture ratio relative to the sludge raw materials is the mixing quantity of the adjusting material;
the formula for calculating the mixture ratio of the adjusting materials is as follows:
(Tsand-C1 Sand)βt1+(TSand-C2 Sand)βt2+...+(TSand-Ci sand)βti＝MSand-TSand
(TPowder-C1 powder)βt1+(TPowder-C2 powder)βt2+...+(TPowder-CPowder I)βti＝MPowder-TPowder
(TGlue stick-CGlue stick)βt1+(TGlue stick-C2 glue)βt2+...+(TGlue stick-Ci glue)βti＝MGlue stick-TGlue stick
In the formula, betatiAdjusting the mixing amount of the ith adjusting material; ciThe doping amount of each mechanical composition in the ith conditioning material is T, the content of each mechanical composition in the target preparation soil is T, and the content of each mechanical composition in the target preparation soil is M. The significance of each calculation parameter is specifically shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 calculation parameter comparison Table
Solving the equation and adjusting the amount of the admixture
The algorithm is suitable for common regulating materials through experiments, and the regulating materials can be replaced if the algorithm is not calculated to have an accurate solution; or processing the regulating material based on the calculation condition to change the mechanical composition of the regulating material, such as: if the content of the conditioning material sand is high, reducing the sand content by a screening method; if the content of clay particles is too low, clay powder is added.
Further, the basic parameters of the target formulated soil comprise a main control index and a selection index, wherein the main control index is 5 main control indexes of pH, salt content, organic matters, texture and infiltration rate in '4.2.1 Table 1' in 'planting green soil' (CJ/T340-2016), and the selection index comprises higher or specific requirements of 2 main control indexes of organic matters and infiltration rate and technical requirements of potential barrier factors such as density. The "higher or specific requirement" means that in the "greening planting soil" specification, the requirement of the organic matter is 12-80 g/kg, the requirement of the infiltration rate is greater than or equal to 5mm/h, and the index in practical application is higher than the specification, or the specific index is made according to the requirement of the practical situation, for example, the requirement of the organic matter is greater than 30g/kg, and the infiltration rate is required in a certain interval, such as 30-350 mm/h.
Further, the method for preparing the mixing amount of the greening plant waste products based on the index requirements of the target prepared soil comprises the following steps: and determining the index value interval of the sludge raw material, the physical and chemical properties of the greening plant waste product and the physical and chemical properties of the regulating material respectively, and determining the doping amount interval of the greening plant waste product based on the doping amount of the regulating material and the index value interval of the target prepared soil.
Further, the mixing, drying and crushing operations comprise the steps of mixing, enclosing and airing for a period of time, repeating for 3-5 times to improve the porosity of the soil, further mixing uniformly and reducing the water content, wherein the particle size of the dried and crushed soil is required to be less than 2 cm.
And further, the method comprises the step of detecting the physical and chemical properties of the target prepared soil wool, wherein the detection result meets the requirements, namely the general greening planting soil meeting the set target prepared soil requirements does not meet the requirements, and within the range of the main control index and the selection index, the corresponding index parameters are adjusted by properly adding green plant waste products, adjusting materials or auxiliary materials, so that the design technical index requirements of the general greening planting soil are met.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on the detection of basic parameters of dredged sludge and greening plant waste products, realizes the accurate design of the improvement and preparation of greening planting soil by decomposing the basic parameters of the target prepared soil and coordinating the mutual influence and restriction among all technical indexes according to scientific and reasonable preparation flow control, solves the design problem of the improvement and preparation of greening planting soil by dredged sludge, has certain systematicness and universality, can actually solve the disposal problem of part of dredged sludge and greening plant waste, can also actually solve the demand problem of greening planting soil, and has practical environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.
The method can also be applied to the field of soil recycling of building mud, slag and other wastes, and has wide popularization and application prospects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of density versus loading; in the figure, ρBase ofIs the density of the sludge base material; rhoOn the upper partUpper limit of designed soil density value, rhoLower partPreparing a lower limit value of a design value of the density of the soil for a target; rhogwDensity of green plant waste products; beta is agwd is onIs the calculated upper limit value of the doping amount, beta, of the greening plant waste product calculated according to the design value of the density of the target prepared soilgwd is belowIs the lower limit value of the calculated mixing amount of the greening plant waste products calculated according to the design value of the density of the target prepared soil.
FIG. 3 is a graph of density versus infiltration rate.
FIG. 4 is a graph of density versus loading; wherein KBase ofThe infiltration rate of the sludge base material is mm/h; kOn the upper partPreparing the upper limit value of the design value of the infiltration rate of the soil for the target, namely mm/h; kLower partPreparing the lower limit value of the designed value of the infiltration rate of the soil for the target, namely mm/h; rhoBase ofIs the density of sludge base material, Mg/m3；ρK onPreparing the upper limit value of the calculated density of the lower limit value of the design value of the infiltration rate of the soil corresponding to the target, Mg/m3；ρK is belowLower limit value of calculated density, Mg/m, corresponding to upper limit value of design value of 'infiltration rate' of target prepared soil3；ρgwDensity of green plant waste product, Mg/m3；KgwInfiltration rate of waste products of green plants, Mg/m3。
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiments and with reference to the drawings. The invention is not limited to the examples given.
It should be noted that the present embodiment is only an experimental example for better understanding the essence of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method of the present invention comprises:
(1) screening sludge raw materials from dredged sludge incoming materials, and measuring physicochemical properties;
(2) screening green plant wastes, classifying and crushing the green plant wastes to prepare green plant waste products, and measuring the physical and chemical properties of the green plant waste products;
(3) preparing a conditioning material based on the mechanical composition of the target prepared soil, and determining the physical and chemical properties of the conditioning material; the regulating material is a sandy soil material consisting of sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains with different grain size contents;
(4) preparing the blending amount of the greening plant waste product based on the index requirement of target soil preparation;
(5) and (3) mixing the green plant waste products and the regulating materials into the sludge raw materials, and performing mixing, drying and crushing operation to prepare the target prepared soil wool.
(6) Detecting the physical and chemical properties of the target prepared soil wool; for the soil wool which does not meet the requirements, corresponding index parameters are adjusted by adding green plant waste products, adjusting materials or auxiliary materials within the range of the main control index and the selection index.
Example 2
This example provides several specific ways of calculating the green plant waste product mix based on target formulated soil indicators.
(1) The method comprises the following steps of 1, preparing soil organic matter according to a target, calculating according to a single design requirement:
the organic matter calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
βgwthe content of the greening plant waste products is calculated by the single design key item of the organic matters of the target prepared soil,%,
βt-adjusting the amount of the admixture to be mixed,
％，
Wuo-setting the organic matter content of the target formulated soil in g/kg; ,
Wu1-the organic matter content of the sludge raw material, g/kg,
Wu2-adjusting the organic matter content of the material, g/kg, by the calculation formula:
in the formula: beta is atn-calculating the doping ratio,%, for the n (n ═ 1, 2, 3.),
Wu2n-the organic matter content of the n (n ═ 1, 2, 3.) control stock, g/kg,
Wu3-green plant waste product organic matter content, g/kg, calculation formula:
in the formula: beta is agwn-n- (1, 2, 3.) -n-th green plant waste product blending,%,
Wu3n-the organic matter content of the n (n ═ 1, 2, 3.) green plant waste products, g/kg,
substituting each known parameter into a formula to obtain betagw。
Preparing green plant waste products, namely preparing basic parameters of soil according to a target, comprehensively considering factors such as the types, the physical and chemical properties, the particle sizes, the drying effect on sludge raw materials, the cost and the like of the green plant waste, and reasonably selecting different combinations of the green plant waste products according to field experience and calculation.
(2) Calculating according to the design key item of 'organic matter + density' 2 of the target prepared soil:
a calculation step:
firstly, according to the formula (1), the organic matter of soil is prepared according to the target, and the single design key item is calculated, and the calculated mixing quantity (interval) of greening plant waste product is obtainedgw(min)，βgw(max)]；
Secondly, according to the design value of the density of the target prepared soil, the mixing amount is calculated according to the regulating materials, the regulating materials are mixed in the sludge raw materials to obtain a sludge base material, then green plant waste products with different proportions are mixed in the sludge base material, the density is respectively measured after mixing, and a relation curve of the density and the mixing amount of the mixture is drawn, which is shown in figure 1:
then, the calculated mixing amount of the greening plant waste product obtained by calculating according to the single design requirement of 'density of target soil preparation' is [ beta ]gwd is below，βgwd is on]；
Thirdly, comparing the calculated mixing amounts obtained by the step (1) and the step (2), wherein the overlapping interval is the calculated mixing amount [ beta ] of the organic greening plant waste product obtained by calculating the design key item of 'organic matter + density' 2 according to the target soil preparation2(min)，β2(max)]。
Example (c): the calculated mixing amount beta of the greening plant waste product obtained by calculating the single design key item of' preparing soil according to the targetgw(max)Located in region II, beta in FIG. 1gw(min)Located in FIG. 1In the area I, the calculated doping amount [ beta ] of the greening plant waste product obtained by (2) calculating according to the design key item of 'organic matter + density' 2 of the target prepared soil2(min)，β2(max)]Has a value of [ beta ]gwd is below，βgw(max)]。
(3) Calculating according to the design key item of 'organic matter + density + infiltration rate' 3 of the target prepared soil:
a calculation step:
step one, calculating the design requirement of (2) preparing soil 'organic matter + density' according to the target;
secondly, mixing green plant waste products with different proportions into the sludge base material according to the designed value of the infiltration rate of the target prepared soil, respectively measuring the density and the infiltration rate of the mixture after mixing, and drawing a curve of the relation between the density and the infiltration rate of the mixture, wherein the curve is shown in figure 2:
in the figure:
then, the calculated value interval of the corresponding density obtained by calculating the single design key item of the infiltration rate of the soil prepared according to the target is [ rho ]K is below，ρK on]；
Third, the [ rho ] is convertedK is below，ρK on]And target formulated soil "Density" design value [ rhoLower part，ρOn the upper part]Comparing, wherein the overlapping interval is the calculated density value of the target prepared soil obtained by calculating according to the 3 design key items of the organic matter + density + infiltration rate of the target prepared soil, and the calculated density value is corresponding to the calculated density-doping quantity relation on the graph, namely the calculated doping quantity [ beta ] of the greening plant waste product obtained by calculating according to the 3 design key items of the organic matter + density + infiltration rate of the target prepared soilUnder gwir，βOn gwir]；
The fourth step of converting [ beta ]Under gwir，βOn gwir]And (2) calculating the calculated doping amount [ beta ] obtained by calculating the design key item of 'organic matter + density' 2 of the soil prepared according to the target2(min)，β2(max)]Comparing, the overlapping interval is (3) calculating the design key item of ' organic matter + density + infiltration rate ' 3 ' of the target prepared soil to obtain the doping amount [ beta ] of the greening plant waste product3(min)，β3(max)]；
Example (c): the mixing amount [ beta ] of the greening plant waste products calculated according to the 4 steps3(min)，β3(max)]Has a value of [ beta ]Under gwir，β2(max)]。
Example 3
This example is an example of preparing greening planting soil by using the dredging and dewatering sludge of the south lake of basalt lake east in Nanjing City.
The embodiment specifically comprises the following implementation steps:
firstly, carrying out control index detection on the basalt lake dredging sludge incoming material, wherein the detection content comprises pH, salt content and 8 heavy metals, and the detection result meets the requirements of greening planting soil (CJ/T340-sand 2016) and can be used as a sludge raw material; then, physical and chemical property detection is carried out on the sludge raw material to obtain basic parameters of the sludge raw material, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the pH value is 7.52, the EC is 0.14ms/cm, the soil texture is silt loam, the sand, silt and clay account for 20.35 percent, 67.38 percent and 12.27 percent respectively, and the organic matter is 33.97 g/kg;
and secondly, setting the texture type of the target prepared soil as loam, and setting the corresponding basic parameters of the target prepared soil as 45 percent, 45 percent and 10 percent of sand, silt and clay respectively, wherein the organic matter is less than 80 g/kg. Determining that building river sand (yellow sand) and clay powder are used as adjusting materials and greening matrix (organic matter is 444g/kg) is used as an improved material by combining basic parameters of the sludge raw material;
thirdly, detecting physical and chemical properties of the regulating material yellow sand, wherein the basic parameters are as follows: the pH is 7.24, the EC is 0.069ms/cm, the proportion of sand, silt and clay is respectively 95%, 3.5% and 1.5%, the organic matter is 3.14g/kg, the physical and chemical properties of the regulating material clay powder are detected, and the basic parameters are as follows: the pH value is 7.54, the EC is 0.11ms/cm, the occupation ratios of the sand, the silt and the clay are respectively 5.8 percent, 58 percent and 36.2 percent, and the organic matter is 7.91 g/kg;
substituting the proportions of the silt raw material, the yellow sand, the clay powder and the sand, the silt sand and the clay in the target prepared soil mechanical composition into a formula for calculating the mixture proportion of the regulating material, solving an equation to obtain the proportions of the yellow sand and the clay powder which are 57 percent and 9.8 percent respectively relative to the silt raw material, and then adding the silt raw material, the yellow sand and the clay powder according to the proportion of 100 percent: 57%: 9.8 percent of the sludge base material is obtained by mixing according to the dry weight proportion;
and fourthly, calculating the organic matrix doping amount according to the single design key item of the organic matter of the target prepared soil, and substituting the organic matter contents (33.97, 3.14, 7.91 and 444.2 respectively) of the sludge raw material, the yellow sand, the clay powder, the organic matrix and the target prepared soil into an organic matter calculation formula to obtain the dry weight doping ratio of the organic matrix relative to the sludge raw material of 26.6 percent.
And fifthly, mixing, drying and crushing, namely mixing the greening substrate and the regulating material into the sludge raw material according to the calculated mixing amount, mixing, drying, crushing, and sieving the crushed soil with a 2cm sieve to prepare the target prepared soil.
And (3) verifying the planting effect of the prepared soil:
after the target formulated soil is prepared in 26 months in 2019, 5, the soil planting effect is verified, and osmanthus fragrans, bougainvillea speetabilis and jasmine are planted in 3 wood flower boxes with the length of 80cm, the width of 25cm and the height of 20cm, wherein the planting time is 7 months and is 12 months after 2019. The growth conditions of the three plants are good, and specific growth indexes are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2 growth index COMPARATIVE TABLE
The detection conditions of the physical and chemical indexes of the soil are as follows:
dredged sludge is improved to prepare general greening planting soil, after 7 months of planting, basic physicochemical property detection is carried out, and the average value of 3 flower box soil basic parameters is as follows: the pH value is 8.2, the EC is 0.2ms/cm, the occupation ratio of sand, silt and clay is 46.1 percent, 44.3 percent and 9.6 percent respectively, the texture is soil, the organic matter is 61.5g/kg, the soil infiltration rate is 29.4mm/h, and each index meets the general requirements and the general requirements of technical indexes in greening planting soil (CJ/T340-2016) in the industry specification.
Claims (9)
1. A method for preparing greening planting soil by improving dredged sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening sludge raw materials from dredged sludge incoming materials, and measuring physicochemical properties;
screening green plant wastes, classifying and crushing the green plant wastes to prepare green plant waste products, and measuring the physical and chemical properties of the green plant waste products;
preparing a conditioning material based on the mechanical composition of the target prepared soil, and determining the physical and chemical properties of the conditioning material; the regulating material is a sandy soil material consisting of sand grains, powder sand grains and sticky grains with different grain size contents;
the mechanical composition preparation regulating material for preparing soil based on the target comprises the following components: respectively measuring the proportions of the silt raw material and the sand, the silt and the clay of the regulating material, preparing the proportions of the sand, the silt and the clay of the soil according to a target, and determining the doping amount of the regulating material; the calculation method is as follows:
(Tsand-C1 Sand)βt1+(TSand-C2 Sand)βt2+...+(TSand-Ci sand)βti＝MSand-TSand
(TPowder-C1 powder)βt1+(TPowder-C2 powder)βt2+...+(TPowder-CPowder I)βti＝MPowder-TPowder
(TGlue stick-CGlue stick)βt1+(TGlue stick-C2 glue)βt2+...+(TGlue stick-Ci glue)βti＝MGlue stick-TGlue stick
In the formula, betatiAdjusting the mixing amount of the ith adjusting material; ciThe doping amount of each mechanical component in the ith regulating material is T, the content of each mechanical component in the target preparation soil is T, and the content of each mechanical component in the target preparation soil is M;
preparing the blending amount of the greening plant waste product based on the index requirement of target soil preparation;
and (3) mixing the green plant waste products and the regulating materials into the sludge raw materials, and performing mixing, drying and crushing operation to prepare the target prepared soil wool.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the dredging sludge inventory is a body of water dredging sludge; the dredged sludge incoming material is screened to remove solid garbage, then concentration or dehydration treatment is carried out to obtain a treated material, and the treated material meeting the requirements is screened out based on control indexes to be used as a sludge raw material.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the measured physicochemical properties include pH, salt content, water content, mechanical composition, and organic matter.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the green plant waste is selected by removing non-plant materials and contaminated plant materials from green plant waste, separating pest and disease waste, sorting healthy waste, and crushing the waste according to the sorting to obtain waste fragments.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the green plant waste product comprises a compost product, a sludge drying bulking agent.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the blending amount of the waste products of the green plants is formulated based on the target soil formulation index requirement by: and determining the index value interval of the sludge raw material, the physical and chemical properties of the greening plant waste product and the physical and chemical properties of the regulating material respectively, and determining the doping amount interval of the greening plant waste product based on the doping amount of the regulating material and the index value interval of the target prepared soil.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid drying and crushing operation is: mixing, sealing and airing the materials, and repeating for 3-5 times; the particle size of the ground soil is less than 2 cm.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising performing physicochemical property tests on the target formulated soil wool; for the soil wool which does not meet the requirements, corresponding index parameters are adjusted by adding green plant waste products, adjusting materials or auxiliary materials within the range of the main control index and the selection index.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the auxiliary material is an organic and/or inorganic adjusting material for adjusting pH and C/N, C/P by composting.
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