CN111950176A - Optimization method and optimization device for billet heating model and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Optimization method and optimization device for billet heating model and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization method of a billet heating model, which comprises the following steps: performing combustion calculation, and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; performing heat transfer calculation according to the temperature of the sectional furnace, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; carrying out billet heating temperature field simulation by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a billet heating calculation model; heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model to obtain the actual temperature rise data of the steel billet; correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data; the optimization method integrates the processes of combustion, heat transfer, billet temperature field simulation and heating model correction, and realizes effective control of billet heating temperature and quality.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel hot rolling, in particular to an optimization method and an optimization device for a billet heating model and electronic equipment.
Background
Along with the improvement of the quality requirement of steel products, the surface quality requirement of steel products is higher and higher, the requirement on steel rolling is tighter and tighter, and the heating of steel billets is more and more important. Although the continuous casting and rolling technology is rapidly developed, temperature drop and heat loss in the continuous casting process are inevitable, so that heating of the slab is an important link of steel feeding in the hot rolling production process. The heating of the steel billet is a complex physical and chemical process, and the low-cost and high-efficiency steel rolling can be realized by mastering the heating rule.
The heating of the billet in the furnace is unsteady state heat conduction, and a heating mathematical model is established for the heating process of the billet in the heating furnace for guiding the process control of the billet heating furnace. However, the billet heating model obtained by the existing heating model determining method has larger deviation with the actual heating process of the billet, and can not directly guide practical production. For this reason, the determination process of the heating model needs to be optimized to obtain a heating model with higher accuracy and better matching with the actual heating temperature rise process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optimization method and an optimization device for a billet heating model and electronic equipment, and aims to solve or partially solve the technical problem that the deviation between the billet heating model determined by the conventional method and the actual heating process is large.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an optimization method of a billet heating model, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation, and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the combustion calculation initial parameters include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
obtaining initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; heat transfer calculation initial parameters included: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The steel billet charging amount and the size information of the heating furnace;
according to the charging temperature T of the steel billet0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model to obtain actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
and correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
Optionally, determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace specifically includes:
determining a combustion load according to the volume flow and the low-order calorific value of the coal gas;
determining the flue gas temperature according to the volume flow of the coal gas, the low calorific value of the coal gas, the preheating temperature of the coal gas, the specific heat of the coal gas, the air-fuel ratio, the specific heat of air, the preheating temperature of the air and the volume flow of the air;
and determining the flue gas flow according to the theoretical flue gas flow, the theoretical dry air amount and the air coefficient.
Optionally, the gas component comprises CO and CO2、N2And H2(ii) a The preheating temperature of the coal gas is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the air is 450-550 ℃.
Optionally, determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the heat absorption capacity Q of the steel billet according to the temperature of the sectional furnace and the charging amount of the steel billet;
according to the heat absorption quantity Q of the steel billet and the charging temperature T of the steel billet0Specific heat of entering steel billet into furnace Cp0Determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet;
according to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the specific heat C of the steel billet entering the furnacep0Determining the specific heat C of the steel billet segmentpj；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billet entering the furnace0Determining the segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the billetj；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjAnd segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd determining the heating time t of the steel billet.
Optionally, the staged furnace temperature includes: the furnace temperature of the first heating section is 800-1100 ℃, the furnace temperature of the second heating section is 1100-1150 ℃, and the furnace temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃.
Optionally, the finite difference iteration method is used to perform billet heating temperature field simulation to obtain a billet heating calculation model, which specifically includes:
determining a thickness step delta x according to the thickness h of the steel billet, determining a time step delta tau according to the heating time t, and constructing a calculation grid of a thickness node-time step;
the temperature T of the billet in the furnace0As an initial value, according to the specific heat C of the billet segmentpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjFinite difference iteration is carried out on the computational grid to obtain the node calculation temperature of all thickness nodes on the computational grid along with the change of the time step delta tau
Calculating temperature from the nodes
Obtaining a calculation heating model; wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to h/delta x and is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to t/delta tau and is a positive integer.
Further, the temperature T of the billet steel entering the furnace is used0As an initial value, according to the specific heat C of the billet segmentpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjPerforming finite difference iteration on a computational grid, specifically comprising:
establishing a linear equation set according to the following finite difference equation, and using the billet charging temperature T0Calculating temperature for each thickness node as an initial value
Performing finite difference iteration:
where ρ isgThe density of the steel billet.
Further, according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data, the billet heating calculation model is corrected to obtain a target calculation heating model, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the absolute value of the temperature deviation between the calculated final temperature of the steel billet in the steel billet heating calculation model and the actual final temperature of the steel billet in the actual temperature rise data is within 5 ℃;
if so, determining the billet heating calculation model as a target calculation heating model;
if not, calculating the temperature from the node
Determining the node calculation temperature corresponding to the target thickness node k
Determining node temperature rise data corresponding to target thickness node k and time step delta tau from actual temperature rise data
Calculating temperature of the node
And node temperature data
Carrying out mean value processing to obtain the target node temperature of the target thickness node k
Then the target node temperature
And performing polynomial fitting to obtain a target heating model.
Based on the same inventive concept of the foregoing technical solution, the present invention further provides an optimization apparatus for a billet heating model, the optimization apparatus comprising:
the combustion calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the combustion calculation initial parameters include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
the heat transfer calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; heat transfer calculation initial parameters included: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The steel billet charging amount and the size information of the heating furnace;
a temperature field simulation module for simulating the temperature T of the billet in the furnace0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
the acquisition module is used for heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model and acquiring actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
and the correction module is used for correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
Based on the same inventive concept of the foregoing technical solutions, the present invention further provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the steps of the optimization method in the foregoing technical solutions are implemented.
Through one or more technical schemes of the invention, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
the invention discloses an optimization method of a billet heating model, which obtains segmented input parameters required by the heating model calculation which more accords with the actual working condition of a billet and the actual working condition of a heating furnace by adopting a mode of calculating from the beginning of combustion calculation and heat transfer calculation, then obtains the calculated heating model by adopting a finite difference iteration method, controls the billet heating by using the calculated heating model, and obtains the actual temperature rise data of the billet; and correcting the heating model according to the temperature deviation between the actual temperature rise data and the calculated heating model. Through the calculation from the beginning of the billet heating, the combustion, heat transfer, billet temperature field simulation and heating model correction process are integrated, the calculation precision of the billet heating model is improved, the iteration speed of the billet heating model is accelerated, the correction times of the heating model are reduced, the effective control of the billet heating temperature and quality is realized, and the heating control cost is reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understandable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for optimizing a billet heating model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a modification of a billet heating calculation model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a general view of a furnace installation arrangement according to one embodiment of the invention 1;
FIG. 4 shows a general view of a furnace arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention 2;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an implementation process of an optimization method of an X80 steel billet heating model according to an embodiment of the invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. pulse heating device, 2, soaking section left side first air valve group, 3, soaking section left side first gas valve group, 4, soaking section left side second air valve group, 5, soaking section left side second gas valve group, 6, two heating section left side first air valve group, 7, two heating section left side first gas valve group, 8, two heating section left side second air valve group, 9, two heating section left side second gas valve group, 10, a heating section left side first air valve group, 11, a heating section left side first gas valve group, 12, a heating section left side second air valve group, 13, a heating section left side second gas valve group, 14, soaking section left side first air nozzle group, 15, soaking section left side first gas nozzle group, 16, soaking section left side second air nozzle group, 17, soaking section left side second gas nozzle group, 18, soaking section left side partition wall, 19, 17, 18, soaking section left side second gas nozzle group, Two heating section left side first air nozzle groups, 20, two heating section left side first gas nozzle groups, 21, two heating section left side second air nozzle groups, 22, two heating section left side second gas nozzle groups, 23, two heating section left side partition walls, 24, a heating section left side first air nozzle group, 25, a heating section left side first gas nozzle group, 26, a heating section left side second air nozzle group, 27, a heating section left side second gas nozzle group, 28, a heating section left side partition wall, 29, a soaking section right side first air nozzle group, 30, a soaking section right side first gas nozzle group, 31, a soaking section right side second air nozzle group, 32, a soaking section right side second gas nozzle group, 33, a soaking section right side partition wall, 34, two heating section right side first air nozzle groups, 35, two heating section right side first gas nozzle groups, 36, two heating section right side second air nozzle groups, 37. two heating section right side second gas nozzle groups, 38, two heating section right side partition walls, 39, a heating section right side first air nozzle group, 40, a heating section right side first gas nozzle group, 41, a heating section right side second air nozzle group, 42, a heating section right side second gas nozzle group, 43, a heating section right side partition wall, 44, a soaking section right side first air valve group, 45, a soaking section right side first gas valve group, 46, a soaking section right side second air valve group, 47, a soaking section right side second gas valve group, 48, a two heating section right side first air valve group, 49, a two heating section right side first gas valve group, 50, a two heating section right side second air valve group, 51, a two heating section right side second gas valve group, 52, a heating section right side first air valve group, 53, a heating section right side first gas valve group, 54, a heating section right side second air valve group, 55. a second gas valve group on the right side of the heating section, 56, an air main valve, 57, an air main pipe, 58, a gas main valve, 59, a gas main pipe, 60, a chimney, 61, a first flue valve, 62, a gas heat exchanger, 63, a billet, 64, a second flue valve, 65, an air heat exchanger, 66 and a third flue valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments. Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control. Unless otherwise specifically stated, various apparatuses and the like used in the present invention are either commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Research shows that the current heating model determination method mainly focuses on improvement or optimization of the heating model determination algorithm, and for input parameters used for heating model calculation, existing data provided by existing documents and tool books, such as steel billet specific heat, steel billet heat transfer coefficient and the like, are directly used as input, and a heating model is established by a finite element method, a finite volume method and the like. The method has the problems that the influences of the actual working condition of the heating furnace, the billet feeding information and the billet specification change on the input parameters of the heating model are not considered; because the accuracy of the calculation parameters is not considered in the overall heating process in the conventional heating model determining method, the input parameters of the heating model with low precision directly influence the calculation precision of the subsequent heating model, so that the heating model obtained by calculation has larger deviation with the actual temperature rise data of the billet produced according to the guidance of the heating model, and the heating model is required to be corrected for multiple times according to the actual temperature rise data so as to couple the corrected heating model with the actual temperature rise data. Multiple heating pattern modification processes will result in a significant increase in the production cost of the heating section.
Based on the above research results, in an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, there is provided a method for optimizing a billet heating model, including:
s1: acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation, and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the combustion calculation initial parameters include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
the heating model optimization method provided by this embodiment starts from initial combustion calculation, considers actual gas parameters, air parameters and pulse burner parameters, calculates combustion load, flue gas temperature and flue gas flow rate, and uses the result of combustion calculation combining the heating furnace fuel and the actual working conditions of the heating furnace burner as the input of billet heat transfer calculation, so that the accuracy of billet heat transfer calculation can be improved.
Optionally, the method for determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace is as follows:
firstly, determining the low-level calorific value of the coal gas according to the components of the coal gas;
i.e. low calorific value of gas
In the formula:
CO、H2、CH4、C2H6、H2s is the volume content of each coal gas component.
Then, determining the gas volume flow V according to the load of the working pulse burners and the number of the pulse burnersg；
In the formula: m is the number of groups of working pulse burners; n isi-the number of working i groups of pulse burners; load P of working i group of pulse burnersi。
Then, determining combustion load according to the low-level calorific value of the coal gas and the volume flow of the coal gas;
i.e. combustion load QrIs composed of
And then, determining the actual flue gas flow according to the theoretical flue gas flow, the theoretical dry air amount and the air coefficient.
Namely, the actual flue gas flow rate is:
in the formula: v0-theoretical flue gas volume;
α -air coefficient;
gk-air moisture content;
Then, determining the flue gas temperature according to the volume flow of the coal gas, the low calorific value of the coal gas, the preheating temperature of the coal gas, the specific heat of the coal gas, the air-fuel ratio, the specific heat of air, the preheating temperature of the air and the volume flow of the air;
namely: the flue gas temperature is:
in the formula: t isf-the temperature of the flue gas;
Vg-gas volumetric flow rate;
Cg-specific heat of the gas;
Tg-gas preheating temperature;
r-air-fuel ratio;
Cα-specific heat of air;
Tα-air pre-heating temperature;
Cf-specific heat of flue gas;
Vf-volumetric flow of flue gas.
Production data tracking shows that compared with the traditional calculation method, the flue gas temperature calculated by combining the actual coal gas working condition parameters, the actual air working condition parameters and the actual flue gas working condition parameters of the heating furnace is more accurate.
After the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow are obtained, the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace can be determined according to the furnace temperature calculation model. The sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace comprises a preheating section furnace temperature, a first heating section furnace temperature, a second heating section furnace temperature, a third heating section furnace temperature and a soaking section furnace temperature.
Optionally, in this embodiment, the coal gas used in the heating furnace is mixed coal gas, and the coal gas includes CO and CO2、N2And H2(ii) a The preheating temperature of the coal gas is 200-300 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the air is 450-550 ℃.
Optionally, in the embodiment, the pulse burners of the first heating section, the second heating section and the soaking section of the heating furnace are adjusted in a distributed control manner, and during load adjustment, the pulse burners are opened or closed in proportion, and the number of the pulse burners is increased or decreased
According to the working condition parameters and the coal gas parameters of the heating furnace, the calculated segmented furnace temperature comprises the following steps: the furnace temperature of the first heating section is 800-1100 ℃, the furnace temperature of the second heating section is 1100-1150 ℃, and the furnace temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃.
After the combustion calculation is completed, the heat transfer calculation can be performed as follows:
s2: obtaining initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; heat transfer calculation initial parameters included: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The billet steel charging yield and the size information of the heating furnace;
specifically, the density of the steel billet is determined by the components of the steel billet;
ρg＝f(C,Si,Mn)；
c, Si and Mn-are the component percentages of the steel billet;
the steel billet single weight is determined by the steel billet size and the steel billet density;
Gg＝ρg*L*W*H；
l, W and H are the length, width and height of the steel billet respectively;
determining the sectional heat absorption Q of the steel billet according to the sectional furnace temperature and the billet charging yieldj；
Qj＝f(Tlj,Gz)；
Tlj-j-stage furnace temperature, Gz-billet charging yield;
according to the total heat absorption Q of the steel billet and the charging temperature of the steel billetT0Specific heat of entering steel billet into furnace Cp0Determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet;
the calculation equation of the final temperature Tz of the steel billet is as follows:
Tz＝(Q+Cp0*Tp0)/Cpg；
in the formula, CpgThe final specific heat of the steel billet is obtained by inquiring the final specific heat of the steel billet at the target tapping temperature from a tool book according to the preset target tapping temperature of the steel billet;
according to the j section furnace temperature TljThe final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the specific heat C of the steel billet entering the furnacep0Determining the specific heat C of the steel billet segmentpj；
Specifically, Cpj＝f(Cp0,Tlj,Tz)；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billet entering the furnace0Determining the segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the billetj；
In particular, λj＝f(λ0，Tlj,Tz)；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjAnd segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd determining the heating time t of the steel billet.
Wherein the heating time t comprises a segmented heating time tjTime of heating in stages tjThe sum of (a) and (b) is the total heating time t, tjThe algorithm of (1) is as follows:
tj＝f(Tz,Cpj,λj)；
the section specific heat, the section heat conductivity coefficient and other section parameters comprise a preheating section, a first heating section, a second heating section, a third heating section and a soaking section of the heating furnace.
S3: according to the charging temperature T of the steel billet0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
optionally, the finite difference iteration process is as follows:
s31: determining a thickness step delta x according to the thickness h of the steel billet, determining a time step delta tau according to the heating time t, and constructing a calculation grid of a thickness node-time step;
the method comprises the steps of discretizing a solution domain of the heating temperature of the steel billet, dividing a space and time region involved in the heating process of the steel billet in a heating furnace into limited sub-regions according to a square grid, wherein each node temperature represents the temperature of the sub-regions in a certain time. The spatial scale is the thickness of the steel billet, and the time scale is the heating time of the steel billet in the heating furnace. In order to ensure the calculation accuracy and not obviously increase the calculation workload, the thickness of the steel billet is divided into 50-100 nodes; the thickness of the steel billet is usually 200-500 mm, so the value range of the thickness step length delta x is 0.2-10 mm; and then dividing the heating time step length according to 1-2 min.
After the node grids are divided, finite difference can be carried out, a finite difference equation set of the node temperature is established, and the temperature values of all the nodes are obtained by solving the finite difference equation set, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s32: the temperature T of the billet in the furnace0As an initial value, according to the specific heat C of the billet segmentpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjFinite difference iteration is carried out on the computational grid to obtain the node calculation temperature of all thickness nodes on the computational grid along with the change of the time step delta tau
Calculating temperature from the nodes
Obtaining a calculation heating model; wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to h/delta x and is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to t/delta tau and is a positive integer.
In this embodiment, a second order difference is applied to the rate of change of the temperature of the node i with respect to time, and the obtained finite difference iterative equation is:
where ρ isgThe density of the steel billet.
And according to the finite difference equation, establishing a linear equation set for all the thickness nodes to carry out iterative solution. Firstly, the initial value of the node temperature of the steel billet is
Namely the charging temperature T of the steel billet0Substituting into an equation set, then solving the temperature value of the next time node, and taking the temperature value as the input of the equation set to continue iteration; in the calculation process, the specific heat C of the steel billet in sectionspjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjThe value of (1) is determined according to the sectional furnace temperature of the current node calculated temperature; through repeated iteration of the process, the node calculation temperature value of each thickness node i under different time nodes n can be solved
Finally, obtaining a node calculation temperature set of all thickness nodes in the whole heating time t
This is the required computational heating model.
Optionally, when performing finite difference iteration, a convergence criterion for determining iteration convergence and stopping continuous iteration is as follows:
namely when the deviation of the temperature values after two iterations is less than 10-3When the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the billet is completely soaked in the heating furnace and then is tapped.
S4: heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model to obtain actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
after the heating calculation model is obtained, the heating of the steel billet can be automatically controlled in the heating furnace control system according to the heating calculation model, and the control system can automatically obtain the actual temperature rise data (curve) of the steel billet in the heating process.
S5: and correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
Optionally, S5 specifically includes:
s51: judging whether the absolute value of the temperature deviation between the calculated final temperature of the steel billet in the steel billet heating calculation model and the actual final temperature of the steel billet in the actual temperature rise data is within 5 ℃;
s51: if so, determining the billet heating calculation model as a target calculation heating model;
s52: if not, calculating the temperature from the node
Determining the node calculation temperature corresponding to the target thickness node k
S53: determining node temperature rise data corresponding to target thickness node k and time step delta tau from actual temperature rise data
S54: calculating temperature of the node
And node temperature data
Carrying out mean value processing to obtain the target node temperature of the target thickness node k
Then the target node temperature
And performing polynomial fitting to obtain a target heating model.
In the actual control, the node calculated temperature and the node temperature rise data of the thickness node with a position representative, such as the surface of the steel billet or the thickness node at the position 1/2 in the middle of the steel billet, can be extracted for correction, the calculated value and the actual value are averaged according to the time node to obtain the target value, and polynomial fitting is performed on the target value to obtain the corrected target heating model. The research shows that the fitting error of the heating curve obtained by fitting the polynomial of degree 3 is minimum.
Specifically, a schematic of modification of a heating model is shown in fig. 2, and is described by taking a node at a position 1/2 in the middle of a billet as an example: wherein, line 71 is a calculated temperature curve of 1/2 nodes in the heating calculation model, line 72 is a temperature rise curve at the position of the actually measured middle part 1/2 of the billet, and a certain deviation exists between the two curves, so that the heating calculation model needs to be corrected; the correction method is to calculate the mean value of the node temperature values in the lines 71 and 72, and then perform cubic polynomial fitting on the mean node temperature to obtain a corrected heating calculation model 73.
The billet heating model optimization method can automatically realize the calculation and determination steps by carrying out secondary development on the existing heating calculation model software.
The optimization method of the billet heating model provided by the embodiment has the following advantages:
(1) the obtained heating model has high precision, few correction times and better practical production guiding effect;
according to the heating model optimization method provided by the embodiment, according to the actual information of the steel billet and the actual working condition of the heating furnace, a de novo calculation mode of combustion calculation and heat transfer calculation is adopted to obtain the segmented input parameters required by the heating model calculation which are more in line with the actual working conditions of the steel billet and the heating furnace; the calculation accuracy of the billet heating model is improved by integrating the processes of combustion, heat transfer and billet temperature field simulation and correction. In the method provided by the embodiment, the absolute value of the final temperature of the heated die steel billet obtained or corrected through finite difference iteration and the actual measured final temperature of the steel billet is less than 5 ℃, so that the requirements of the steel billet heating process are met.
(2) The temperature measurement problem of the steel billet is solved, and the visualization of the overall temperature distribution of the steel billet is realized;
the internal temperature heat transfer of the steel billet is invisible, the temperature measurement needs punching, the number of holes is very limited, the number of measuring points can be greatly reduced by adopting model calculation, and the steel billet temperature field can be drawn by utilizing the model to calculate the temperature distribution data, so that the visualization is realized.
(3) The optimization process is simple and can be repeatedly used;
the simplified finite difference iterative computation temperature field is adopted, namely the computation result of the previous time is used as an initial parameter to be substituted into the equation for computation in a circulating mode in sequence, the temperature data convergence can be rapidly realized, and the mathematical computation process has the characteristics of simplicity and repeatability.
(4) The applicability is wide;
the heating model has universality, is usually adopted in secondary control, can meet the requirements of various furnaces and kilns of a hot rolling furnace, a heat treatment furnace and a soaking pit furnace, meets the heating requirements of products such as pipeline steel, automobile plates, silicon steel and the like, and has wide application range.
In summary, the embodiment discloses an optimization method of a heating model of a steel billet, which includes acquiring segmented input parameters required by the calculation of the heating model which more accords with the actual working condition of the steel billet and the actual working condition of a heating furnace by a way of calculating from the beginning of combustion calculation and heat transfer calculation, then acquiring a calculated heating model by a finite difference iteration method, and controlling the heating of the steel billet by using the calculated heating model to acquire actual temperature rise data of the steel billet; and correcting the heating model according to the temperature deviation between the actual temperature rise data and the calculated heating model. Through the calculation from the beginning of the heating of the steel billet, the combustion, heat transfer, simulation of the temperature field of the steel billet and the correction process of the heating model are integrated, so that the calculation precision of the heating model of the steel billet is improved, the iteration speed of the heating model of the steel billet is accelerated, the correction times of the heating model are reduced, the effective control of the heating temperature and the heating quality of the steel billet is realized, and the heating control cost is reduced; the production tracking result shows that the temperature deviation between the calculated heating model obtained by the method and the actual temperature rise data of the steel billet is not more than 5 ℃.
Based on the same inventive concept of the foregoing embodiment, in yet another alternative embodiment, there is provided an optimizing apparatus of a billet heating model, including:
the combustion calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the combustion calculation initial parameters include: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
the heat transfer calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; heat transfer calculation initial parameters included: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The steel billet charging amount and the size information of the heating furnace;
a temperature field simulation module for simulating the temperature T of the billet in the furnace0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
the acquisition module is used for heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model and acquiring actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
and the correction module is used for correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
The optimization method provided by the embodiment is used for programming and developing to obtain optimization software of the billet heating model, and the calculation and correction of the heating model are automatically executed.
Based on the same inventive concept of the foregoing embodiments, in yet another alternative embodiment, there is also provided an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the optimization method in the foregoing embodiments.
In the following embodiment, the above optimization method is described in detail by taking the pipeline steel X80 as an example:
the arrangement of a pulse heating apparatus used in a steel billet heating furnace in a certain steel mill is shown in fig. 3 to 4: the gas preheated by the gas heat exchanger 62 is divided into two paths by a gas main pipe 59, wherein one path is divided into three paths, the first path of gas enters a first gas nozzle group 15 at the left side of the soaking section and a second gas nozzle group 17 at the left side of the soaking section through a first gas valve group 3 at the left side of the soaking section and a second gas valve group 5 at the left side of the soaking section respectively, the second path of gas enters a first gas nozzle group 20 at the left side of the two heating sections and a second gas nozzle group 22 at the left side of the two heating sections through a first gas valve group 7 at the left side of the two heating sections and a second gas valve group 9 at the left side of the two heating sections respectively, and the third path of gas enters a first gas nozzle group 25 at the left side of the one heating section and a second gas nozzle group 27 at the left side of the one heating section through a first gas valve; the other path is also divided into three paths, the fourth path of coal gas respectively enters a first coal gas nozzle group 30 at the right side of the soaking section and a second coal gas nozzle group 32 at the right side of the soaking section through a first coal gas valve group 45 at the right side of the soaking section and a second coal gas valve group 47 at the right side of the soaking section, the fifth path of coal gas respectively enters a first coal gas nozzle group 35 at the right side of the two heating sections and a second coal gas nozzle group 37 at the right side of the two heating sections through a first coal gas valve group 49 at the right side of the two heating sections and a second coal gas valve group 51 at the right side of the two heating sections, and the sixth path of coal gas respectively enters a first coal gas nozzle group 40 at the right side of one heating section and a second coal gas nozzle group 42 at the right side of one heating section; the air preheated by the air heat exchanger 65 is divided into two paths by the air header pipe 57, wherein one path is divided into three paths, the first path of air enters the first air nozzle group 14 on the left side of the soaking section and the second air nozzle group 16 on the left side of the soaking section through the first air valve group 2 on the left side of the soaking section and the second air valve group 4 on the left side of the soaking section respectively, the second path of air enters the first air nozzle group 19 on the left side of the second heating section and the second air nozzle group 21 on the left side of the second heating section through the first air valve group 6 on the left side of the second heating section and the second air valve group 8 on the left side of the second heating section respectively, and the third path of air enters the first air nozzle group 24 on the left side of the first heating section and the second air nozzle group 26 on the left side of the first heating section through the first air valve; the other path is also divided into three paths, the fourth path of air respectively enters a first air nozzle group 29 at the right side of the soaking section and a second air nozzle group 31 at the right side of the soaking section through a first air valve group 44 at the right side of the soaking section and a second air valve group 46 at the right side of the soaking section, the fifth path of air respectively enters a first air nozzle group 34 at the right side of the two heating sections and a second air nozzle group 36 at the right side of the two heating sections through a first air valve group 48 at the right side of the two heating sections and a second air valve group 50 at the right side of the two heating sections, and the sixth path of air respectively enters a first air nozzle group 39 at the right side of the one heating section and a second air nozzle group 41 at the right side of the one heating section through a first air valve group 52 at the right side; the flue gas at the tail of the furnace sequentially passes through a second flue valve 64, an air heat exchanger 65, a third flue valve 66, a coal gas heat exchanger 62 and a first flue valve 61, and is finally discharged from a chimney 60.
Simultaneously, gas and air enter the pulse heating device 1 through the pulse burner group for mixed combustion, wherein the first air nozzle group 14 on the left side of the soaking section and the first gas nozzle group 15 on the left side of the soaking section form a first pulse burner group on the left side of the soaking section, the second air nozzle group 16 on the left side of the soaking section and the second gas nozzle group 17 on the left side of the soaking section form a second pulse burner group on the left side of the soaking section, the first air nozzle group 19 on the left side of the second heating section and the first gas nozzle group 20 on the left side of the second heating section form a first pulse burner group on the left side of the second heating section, the second air nozzle group 21 on the left side of the second heating section and the second gas nozzle group 22 on the left side of the second heating section form a first pulse burner group on the left side of the heating section, the first air nozzle group 24 on the left side of the first heating section and the first gas nozzle group 25 on the left side of the heating section form a first pulse burner group on the left side of the heating section, the second air nozzle group 26 A second pulse burner group; the first air jet group 29 on the right side of the soaking section and the first gas jet group 30 on the right side of the soaking section form a first pulse burner group on the right side of the soaking section, the second air jet group 31 on the right side of the soaking section and the second gas jet group 32 on the right side of the soaking section form a second pulse burner group on the right side of the soaking section, the first air jet group 34 on the right side of the second heating section and the first gas jet group 35 on the right side of the second heating section form a first pulse burner group on the right side of the second heating section, the second air jet group 36 on the right side of the second heating section and the second gas jet group 37 on the right side of the second heating section form a second pulse burner group on the right side of the second heating section, the first air jet group 39 on the right side of the first heating section and the first gas jet group 40 on the right side of the first heating section form a first pulse burner group on the right side of the heating section, and the second air jet group 41 on the.
Table 1 shows the conditions of the X80 steel slab and the heating furnace during heating the steel slab:
TABLE 1 billet heating model optimization case
As shown in Table 1, the pulse heating apparatus 1 had a throughput (i.e., billet charging amount) of 100t/h and had the following dimensions: the length is 29m, the width is 7.5m, the height is 4m, and the load proportion of the first heating section, the second heating section and the soaking section of the pulse burner is 2: 2: 1, the coal gas is mixed coal gas, and the components are as follows: CO 228.5 percent of the ratio, 14.5 percent of CO and N2Ratio of 23%, H 242 percent of the gas, 12 percent of other gases and 13800m of gas flow3H, preheating gas at 200-300 ℃, and air flow at 32000m3The air preheating temperature is 450-550 ℃, the billet is X80 pipeline steel with the thickness of 2.98m multiplied by 1.8m multiplied by 0.25m, the initial temperature of the billet entering the furnace is 20 ℃, and the target final temperature is 1200 ℃.
According to the working condition information in the table 1, the heating model optimization method provided by the invention is used for carrying out combustion calculation, heat transfer calculation and finite difference iteration of a billet temperature field, the calculation and optimization processes are shown in fig. 5, the final temperature in the heating calculation model obtained after one-time correction is 1195-1200 ℃, the difference between the final temperature and the actual final temperature is only less than 5 ℃, and the heating model can be put into heating use.
The final temperature in the original heating calculation model is 1150 ℃ by calculation by adopting the original heating model calculation method, the difference between the final temperature and the actually measured final temperature is 50 ℃, and the actual application can be realized after multiple corrections are carried out.
Through one or more embodiments of the present invention, the present invention has the following advantageous effects or advantages:
the invention discloses an optimization method of a billet heating model, which obtains segmented input parameters required by the heating model calculation which more accords with the actual working condition of a billet and the actual working condition of a heating furnace by adopting a mode of calculating from the beginning of combustion calculation and heat transfer calculation, then obtains the calculated heating model by adopting a finite difference iteration method, controls the billet heating by using the calculated heating model, and obtains the actual temperature rise data of the billet; and correcting the heating model according to the temperature deviation between the actual temperature rise data and the calculated heating model. Through the calculation from the beginning of the billet heating, the combustion, heat transfer, billet temperature field simulation and heating model correction process are integrated, the calculation precision of the billet heating model is improved, the iteration speed of the billet heating model is accelerated, the correction times of the heating model are reduced, the effective control of the billet heating temperature and quality is realized, and the heating control cost is reduced.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A method for optimizing a heating model of a steel billet, the method comprising:
acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation, and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the calculating initial parameters of combustion includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
acquiring initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; the heat transfer calculation initial parameters include: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The steel billet charging amount and the size information of the heating furnace;
according to the charging temperature T of the steel billet0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjThe segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model to obtain actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
and correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
2. The optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the determining of the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow rate of the heating furnace specifically comprises:
determining the combustion load according to the volume flow and the low-order calorific value of the coal gas;
determining the flue gas temperature according to the gas volume flow, the gas low-grade calorific value, the gas preheating temperature, the gas specific heat, the air-fuel ratio, the air specific heat, the air preheating temperature and the air volume flow;
and determining the flue gas flow according to the theoretical flue gas flow, the theoretical dry air amount and the air coefficient.
3. The optimization method of claim 1, wherein the gas components comprise CO, CO2、N2And H2(ii) a The coal gas preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the air preheating temperature is 450-550 ℃.
4. The optimization method of claim 1, wherein the determination of the final slab temperature Tz and the slab segment specific heat CpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the heat absorption capacity Q of the steel billet according to the sectional furnace temperature and the steel billet charging amount;
according to the heat absorption quantity Q of the steel billet and the charging temperature T of the steel billet0Specific heat of entering steel billet into furnace Cp0Determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet;
according to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the specific heat C of the steel billet entering the furnacep0Determining the specific heat C of the steel billet segmentpj；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the furnace-entering heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billet0Determining the segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the billetj；
According to the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjAnd the billet segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambdajAnd determining the heating time t of the steel billet.
5. The optimization method of claim 1, wherein the staging furnace temperature comprises:
the furnace temperature of the first heating section is 800-1100 ℃, the furnace temperature of the second heating section is 1100-1150 ℃, and the furnace temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1250 ℃.
6. The optimization method of claim 1, wherein the finite difference iteration method is used for performing a billet heating temperature field simulation to obtain a billet heating calculation model, and specifically comprises:
determining a thickness step delta x according to the thickness h of the steel billet, determining a time step delta tau according to the heating time t, and constructing a thickness node-time step calculation grid;
the charging temperature T of the steel billet0As an initial value, according to the specific heat C of the billet steel segmentpjThe segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billetjPerforming finite difference iteration on the computational grid to obtain the node calculation temperature of all thickness nodes on the computational grid along with the change of the time step delta tau
Calculating the temperature from the node
Obtaining a calculation heating model; wherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to h/delta x and is a positive integer, and n is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to t/delta tau and is a positive integer.
7. The optimization method of claim 6, wherein said feeding temperature T is determined by said billet temperature0As an initial value, according to the specific heat C of the billet steel segmentpjThe segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billetjPerforming finite difference iteration on the computational grid, specifically comprising:
establishing a linear equation set according to the following finite difference equation, and taking the billet charging temperature T as the temperature0As an initial value for each thickness node, calculating the temperature for the node
Performing finite difference iteration:
where ρ isgThe density of the steel billet.
8. The optimization method according to claim 7, wherein the modifying the billet heating calculation model based on the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature increase data to obtain the target calculation heating model comprises:
judging whether the absolute value of the temperature deviation between the calculated final temperature of the steel billet in the steel billet heating calculation model and the actual final temperature of the steel billet in the actual temperature rise data is within 5 ℃;
if so, determining the billet heating calculation model as a target calculation heating model;
if not, calculating the temperature from the node
Determining the node calculation temperature corresponding to the target thickness node k
Determining node temperature rise data corresponding to the target thickness node k and the time step delta tau from the actual temperature rise data
Calculating the temperature of the node
And said node temperature rise data
Carrying out mean value processing to obtain the target node temperature of the target thickness node k
Then the target node temperature
And performing polynomial fitting to obtain the target heating model.
9. An optimization apparatus for a billet heating model, comprising:
the combustion calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of combustion calculation, performing combustion calculation and determining the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow of the heating furnace; determining the sectional furnace temperature of the heating furnace according to the combustion load, the flue gas temperature and the flue gas flow; the calculating initial parameters of combustion includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preheating temperature of coal gas, components of the coal gas, volume flow of the coal gas, preheating temperature of air, volume flow of the air, load of pulse burners and number of the pulse burners;
the heat transfer calculation module is used for acquiring initial parameters of heat transfer calculation, performing heat transfer calculation according to the sectional furnace temperature, and determining the final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjSectional heat conductivity coefficient lambda of steel billetjAnd billet heating time t; the heat transfer calculation initial parameters include: billet size, billet composition, billet entry temperature T0The steel billet charging amount and the size information of the heating furnace;
the temperature field simulation module is used for simulating the temperature T of the billet in the furnace0The final temperature Tz of the steel billet and the sectional specific heat C of the steel billetpjThe segmented heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the steel billetjAnd the heating time t of the steel billet, and carrying out the simulation of the heating temperature field of the steel billet by adopting a finite difference iteration method to obtain a steel billet heating calculation model;
the acquisition module is used for heating the steel billet according to the steel billet heating calculation model and acquiring actual temperature rise data of the steel billet in the heating process;
and the correction module is used for correcting the billet heating calculation model according to the temperature deviation between the billet heating calculation model and the actual temperature rise data to obtain a target calculation heating model.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the steps of the optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 are implemented when the processor executes the program.
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