CN111950163B - Wind blade fatigue life monitoring method - Google Patents
Wind blade fatigue life monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111950163B CN111950163B CN202010843346.3A CN202010843346A CN111950163B CN 111950163 B CN111950163 B CN 111950163B CN 202010843346 A CN202010843346 A CN 202010843346A CN 111950163 B CN111950163 B CN 111950163B
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G06F2113/06—Wind turbines or wind farms
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- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge; s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain average value and a strain amplitude of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain average value and the strain amplitude into a stress amplitude; s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain; s4, comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge with the load of the fatigue test, and obtaining the fatigue life of the wind blade. According to the method, the mean value and the amplitude value of the load of the wind power blade are considered, the load is used as a reference for quick and accurate fatigue statistics, the accuracy is high, and the running state of the blade can be monitored in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind driven generator, in particular to a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the wind power industry, the installed quantity of wind power is higher and higher, and the reliability requirements of corresponding whole machine parts are higher and higher. The wind blade is used as a main large component, and the state of the wind blade in the running process is very important for the safety monitoring of the whole machine. The general service life of the wind power blade is 20-25 years, the state of the blade cannot be evaluated after the service is expired, and only the retirement treatment can be performed, so that the cost and pollution are high. Therefore, the state monitoring and the life prediction of the full life cycle of the blade become important research directions, and have great significance on the safety and the economic life of the blade.
In the prior art, the load acting on each phyllanthine is calculated by mainly measuring the output power, the rotating speed and the pitch angle of a wind wheel and applying the phyllanthine momentum theory, the load of each section of the blade is obtained by integration, a stress spectrum is compiled, and finally fatigue loss calculation is performed by rain flow counting. However, various efficiencies and losses need to be considered through electric power back-thrust shaft power, and accuracy is not high; the phyllotoxin momentum theory is a theoretical formula and deviates from the actual theory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a wind blade fatigue life monitoring method, which considers the mean value and the amplitude of the blade load, carries out rapid and accurate fatigue design by taking the load as a reference, and solves the problem that the fatigue damage is difficult to count or inaccurate in the running process of the wind blade by actually testing and counting the fatigue damage of the blade.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind turbine blade, wherein a plurality of strain gauges are mounted on the wind turbine blade, and the strain gauges are used for measuring strain of the wind turbine blade at the mounting positions of the strain gauges, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain average value and a strain amplitude of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain average value and the strain amplitude into a stress amplitude;
s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
s4, comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge with the load of the fatigue test, and obtaining the fatigue life of the wind blade.
Further, the step S1 includes:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge installed on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the direction of the wind blade array when the wind blade feathers, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind power blade when the wind power blade is turned on, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind power blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge.
Further, the strain gauges arranged in the array direction of the wind power blade are strain gauges arranged on two side surfaces of the wind power blade; the strain gauge arranged in the waving direction of the wind power blade is a strain gauge arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade.
Further, the load of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting location is equal to the product of the gravity of the wind blade and the distance from the center of gravity of the wind blade to the strain gauge mounting location.
Further, in the step S2, the strain amplitude value of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge is converted into a stress amplitude with zero strain mean value through a composite material fatigue calculation formula; the fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
wherein N is i Is the fatigue life of the composite material, R k,A Is the ultimate strength of the material, S k,M Is the strain mean value, R k,t Is the tensile strength, R of the material k,c Is the compression strength, S of the material k,A Is the strain amplitude, r m,short term For short-term safety factor, r of material m,fatigue Is a long-term safety coefficient of the material.
Further, the proportional relationship of the wind blade load amplitude and the stress amplitude is equal to the proportional relationship of the wind blade load and the strain.
Further, the load amplitude of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge is compared with the fatigue test load respectively, so that the fatigue damage of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge is obtained, and the fatigue damage value with the largest value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade, so that the residual running time of the wind blade is estimated.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the mean value and the amplitude value of the load of the wind power blade are considered, the load is used as a reference for quick and accurate fatigue statistics, the accuracy is high, the operation feasibility is high, and the running state of the blade can be monitored in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind turbine blade fatigue life monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the installation of a strain gage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind turbine blade according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind turbine blade according to the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and utilize non-precise ratios, and are intended to facilitate a convenient, clear, description of the embodiments of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a wind blade fatigue life monitoring system, comprising: a strain measuring device 1, an electrical slip ring 2, a strain processing device 3 and a host 4;
the strain measuring device 1 is used for measuring the strain of the wind blade;
the electrical slip ring 2 is electrically connected with the strain measuring device 1 and is used for transmitting an electric signal of the wind power blade strain acquired by the strain measuring device 1 and simultaneously solving the problem of wire connection between the strain measuring device 1 and the strain processing device 3 when the blade rotates;
the strain processing device 3 is connected with the electric slip ring 2 and is used for converting an electric signal of the strain of the wind power blade into a digital signal of the strain of the wind power blade;
the host machine 4 is connected with the strain processing device 3 and is used for collecting digital signals of the strain of the wind turbine blade so as to perform data processing.
The strain measuring device 1 comprises a plurality of strain gauges which are used for being arranged on the wind blade to measure the strain of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauges. Specifically, at least one strain gage is mounted on the leading edge, trailing edge, and both sides of each wind blade. Preferably, one strain gauge is mounted on each of the leading edge, trailing edge and both sides of each wind blade 10, denoted as first strain gauge 101, second strain gauge 102, third strain gauge 103 and fourth strain gauge 104, respectively, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the invention provides a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind turbine blade, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
the step S1 includes:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge installed on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the direction of the wind blade array when the wind blade feathers, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind power blade when the wind power blade is turned on, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind power blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge.
Specifically, the azimuth angle of the wind blade is adjusted to 90 degrees, so that the horizontal arrangement of the wind blade is ensured. When the wind power blade feathers, the array direction of the wind power blade is subjected to gravity, namely, two side faces of the wind power blade are subjected to gravity, at the moment, the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade are not subjected to gravity, and the first strain gauge 101 and the second strain gauge 102 which are arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade are zeroed; when the wind power blade is turned on, the flapping direction of the wind power blade is subjected to gravity, namely the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade are subjected to gravity, at the moment, the two side surfaces of the wind power blade are not subjected to gravity, and the third strain gauge 103 and the fourth strain gauge 104 arranged on the two side surfaces of the wind power blade are zeroed. Feathering the wind blade again, and recording the numerical values of the third strain gauge 103 and the fourth strain gauge 104 which are arranged on the two side surfaces of the wind blade to obtain the strain values of the two side surfaces of the wind blade; the load values of the wind blade at the positions where the third strain gauge 103 and the fourth strain gauge 104 are installed are products of the gravity of the wind blade and the distance from the gravity center of the wind blade to the position where the strain gauge is installed, so that the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the side face of the wind blade is obtained. The wind power blade is pitched, the values of a first strain gauge 101 and a second strain gauge 102 which are arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade are recorded, the strain values of the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade are obtained, the load values of the wind power blade at the positions where the first strain gauge 101 and the second strain gauge 102 are arranged are respectively the products of the gravity of the wind power blade and the distance from the gravity center of the wind power blade to the position where the strain gauge is arranged, and therefore the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade is obtained.
Furthermore, each wind blade is provided with a weight and gravity center mark, and the load of the wind blade is calculated through actual measurement, so that the actual condition of the wind blade can be reflected more accurately.
S2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain average value and a strain amplitude of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain average value and the strain amplitude into a stress amplitude;
specifically, the running process of the wind blade comprises a plurality of actions of opening and feathering. Recording the strain value of each strain gauge of the wind power blade in the running process of the wind power blade, obtaining a change curve of the strain of the wind power blade along with time, and obtaining the strain average value and the strain amplitude of each strain gauge mounting position on the wind power blade by adopting rain flow statistics. The strain average value of each strain gauge mounting position on the wind blade refers to the average value of strain variation of the strain gauge mounting position in the running process of the wind blade. The strain amplitude of each strain gauge mounting position on the wind blade is half of the difference between the maximum strain value and the minimum strain value of the strain gauge mounting position in the running process of the wind blade.
And converting the strain amplitude value of the wind blade into a stress amplitude with zero strain mean value through the fatigue calculation of the composite material. The fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
wherein N is i Is the fatigue life of the composite material, R k,A Is the ultimate strength of the material, S k,M Is the strain mean value, R k,t Is the tensile strength, R of the material k,c Is the compression strength, S of the material k,A Is the strain amplitude, r m,short term For short-term safety factor, r of material m,fatigue Is a long-term safety coefficient of the material. Ensuring the fatigue life N of the composite material i Under the condition that the value of (1) is unchanged, the strain average value S of the wind blade k,M And (5) when the stress is equal to 0, the stress amplitude of the wind blade with the strain average value of zero can be obtained.
S3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
specifically, the ratio of the wind blade load amplitude to the stress amplitude is equal to the ratio of the wind blade load to the strain. Thus, knowing the stress amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gage mounting location, the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gage mounting location can be obtained.
S4, comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge with the load of the fatigue test, and obtaining the fatigue life of the wind blade.
Specifically, the load of the fatigue test is calculated by adopting the prior art, the load amplitude of each strain gauge mounting position on the fan blade is respectively compared with the load of the fatigue test of the wind blade, the fatigue damage of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is obtained, and the fatigue damage value with the largest numerical value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade, so that the residual running time of the wind blade is estimated. Such as: the load of the fatigue test of the wind power blade is 200 ten thousand times, the current wind power blade is in service for 10 years, the maximum load amplitude of the wind power blade calculated by adopting the method is 100 ten thousand times, the fatigue loss of the wind power blade is 0.5, and the residual running time is 10 years.
While the present invention has been described in detail through the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment, it should be understood that the foregoing description is not to be considered as limiting the invention. Many modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (7)
1. The wind blade fatigue life monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain average value and a strain amplitude of the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain average value and the strain amplitude into a stress amplitude;
s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
s4, comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge with the load of the fatigue test, and obtaining the fatigue life of the wind blade.
2. A method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein step S1 comprises:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge installed on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the direction of the wind blade array when the wind blade feathers, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind power blade when the wind power blade is turned on, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind power blade at the mounting position of each strain gauge.
3. A method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 2, wherein the strain gauges mounted on both sides of the wind blade are strain gauges mounted on the direction of the array of the wind blade; the strain gauge arranged in the waving direction of the wind power blade is a strain gauge arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind power blade.
4. A method of monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the load of the wind blade at the location of the strain gauge is equal to the product of the gravity of the wind blade and the distance from the centre of gravity of the wind blade to the location of the strain gauge.
5. The method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the strain amplitude value of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge is converted into a stress amplitude with zero strain average value through a composite material fatigue calculation formula; the fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
wherein N is i Is the fatigue life of the composite material, R k,A Is the ultimate strength of the material, S k,M Is the strain mean value, R k,t Is the tensile strength, R of the material k,c Is the compression strength, S of the material k,A Is the strain amplitude, r m,shortterm For short-term safety factor, r of material m,fatigue Is a long-term safety coefficient of the material.
6. A method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the wind blade load amplitude to the stress amplitude is equal to the ratio of the wind blade load to the strain.
7. The method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the fatigue damage of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is obtained by comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the fatigue test load, and the fatigue damage value with the largest value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade.
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| CN112595537B (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2023-03-21 | 弥伦工业产品设计(上海)有限公司 | Equipment health state monitoring method and system based on signal analysis and storage medium |
| CN113011109B (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2022-05-17 | 浙江大学 | Fatigue analysis method for wind driven generator blade coating considering raindrop erosion |
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