CN111950163A - Wind blade fatigue life monitoring method - Google Patents
Wind blade fatigue life monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111950163A CN111950163A CN202010843346.3A CN202010843346A CN111950163A CN 111950163 A CN111950163 A CN 111950163A CN 202010843346 A CN202010843346 A CN 202010843346A CN 111950163 A CN111950163 A CN 111950163A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/06—Wind turbines or wind farms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/04—Ageing analysis or optimisation against ageing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention provides a method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge; s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain mean value and a strain amplitude value at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain mean value and the strain amplitude value into a stress amplitude; s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain; and S4, respectively comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the load of a fatigue test, and acquiring the fatigue life of the wind blade. The method considers the mean value and the amplitude of the load of the wind blade, carries out rapid and accurate fatigue statistics by taking the load as a reference, has higher accuracy, and can monitor the running state of the blade in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind driven generator, in particular to a method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade.
Background
With the rapid development of the wind power industry, the loading capacity of wind power is higher and higher, and the reliability requirement of the corresponding whole machine part is also higher and higher. The wind blade is used as a main large component, and the state of the wind blade in the operation process is very important for the safety monitoring of the whole machine. The service life of the wind turbine blade is generally 20-25 years, the state of the blade cannot be evaluated after the service period is expired, only the blade can be retired, and the cost and pollution are high. Therefore, the state monitoring of the whole life cycle of the blade and the life prediction become the key research direction, and the method has great significance for the safety and the economic life of the blade.
In the prior art, the load acting on each blade element is mainly calculated by measuring the output power, the rotating speed and the pitch angle of a wind wheel and applying a blade element momentum theory, the load of each section of the blade is obtained by integration, a stress spectrum is compiled, and finally the fatigue loss is calculated by rain flow counting. However, the shaft power is reversely deduced through the electric power, various efficiencies and losses need to be considered, and the accuracy is not high; the momentum theory of the leaf elements is a theoretical formula and has deviation from the actual.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade, which considers the mean value and the amplitude of the blade load, carries out rapid and accurate fatigue design by taking the load as a reference, and counts the fatigue damage of the blade through actual test, thereby solving the problem that the fatigue damage of the wind blade is difficult to count or inaccurate to count in the operation process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade, wherein a plurality of strain gauges are mounted on the wind blade, and the strain gauges are used for measuring strain of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauges, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain mean value and a strain amplitude value at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain mean value and the strain amplitude value into a stress amplitude;
s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
and S4, respectively comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the load of a fatigue test, and acquiring the fatigue life of the wind blade.
Further, the step S1 includes:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge arranged on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the swing array direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is feathered, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is driven to open the oar, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge.
Furthermore, the strain gauges arranged in the direction of the swing matrix of the wind blade are strain gauges arranged on two side surfaces of the wind blade; the strain gauges arranged in the flapping direction of the wind blade are the strain gauges arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade.
Further, the load of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position is equal to the product of the wind blade gravity and the distance from the center of gravity of the wind turbine blade to the strain gauge mounting position.
Further, in step S2, converting the strain amplitude of the wind blade at the position where the strain gauge is installed into a stress amplitude with a strain mean value of zero through a composite material fatigue calculation formula; the fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
in the formula, NiFatigue life, R, for composite materialsk,AIs the ultimate strength, S, of the materialk,MIs the mean value of strain, Rk,tIs the tensile strength, R, of the materialk,cIs the compressive strength, S, of the materialk,AIs the strain amplitude, rm,short termIs the short-term safety coefficient r of the materialm,fatigueThe safety coefficient of the material for a long time.
Further, the proportional relation of the load amplitude and the stress amplitude of the wind blade is equal to the proportional relation of the load and the strain of the wind blade.
Further, the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is compared with the fatigue test load, the fatigue damage of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is obtained, the fatigue damage value with the largest value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade, and therefore the remaining operation time of the wind blade is estimated.
The invention has the following advantages:
the method considers the mean value and the amplitude of the wind blade load, carries out rapid and accurate fatigue statistics by taking the load as a reference, has higher accuracy, has high operation feasibility, and can monitor the running state of the blade in time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind blade fatigue life monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an installation of a strain gage provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The fatigue life monitoring method for the wind blade according to the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise ratio for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, a wind blade fatigue life monitoring system includes: the system comprises a strain measuring device 1, an electric slip ring 2, a strain processing device 3 and a host machine 4;
the strain measuring device 1 is used for measuring the strain of the wind blade;
the electric slip ring 2 is electrically connected with the strain measuring device 1 and is used for transmitting an electric signal of wind blade strain acquired by the strain measuring device 1 and solving the problem of wire connection between the strain measuring device 1 and the strain processing device 3 when the blade rotates;
the strain processing device 3 is connected with the electric slip ring 2 and is used for converting an electric signal of wind blade strain into a digital signal of wind blade strain;
the host 4 is connected with the strain processing device 3 and is used for collecting digital signals of wind blade strain so as to process data.
The strain measurement device 1 comprises a plurality of strain gauges, and the strain gauges are used for being mounted on the wind blade to measure the strain of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauges. In particular, each wind blade is provided with at least one strain gauge on its leading edge, trailing edge and both sides. Preferably, one strain gauge, respectively a first strain gauge 101, a second strain gauge 102, a third strain gauge 103 and a fourth strain gauge 104, is mounted on the leading edge, the trailing edge and both side surfaces of each wind blade 10, as shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 3, the invention provides a method for monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade, comprising the following steps:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
the step S1 includes:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge arranged on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the swing array direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is feathered, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is driven to open the oar, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge.
Specifically, the azimuth angle of the wind blade is adjusted to 90 degrees, and the horizontal arrangement of the wind blade is guaranteed. When the wind blade is feathered, the swing array direction of the wind blade bears the gravity, namely, two side surfaces of the wind blade bear the gravity, at the moment, the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade do not bear the gravity, and the first strain gauge 101 and the second strain gauge 102 which are arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade are zeroed; when the wind blade is driven to be oar, the waving direction of the wind blade is subjected to gravity, namely the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade are subjected to gravity, at the moment, two side surfaces of the wind blade are not subjected to gravity, and the third strain gauge 103 and the fourth strain gauge 104 which are arranged on the two side surfaces of the wind blade are zeroed. Feathering the wind blade again, and recording the numerical values of a third strain gauge 103 and a fourth strain gauge 104 which are arranged on two side surfaces of the wind blade to obtain the strain values of the two side surfaces of the wind blade; the load values of the wind blade at the mounting positions of the third strain gauge 103 and the fourth strain gauge 104 are respectively the product of the gravity of the wind blade and the distance from the center of gravity of the wind blade to the mounting position of the strain gauge, so that the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the side surface of the wind blade is obtained. The wind blade is driven to be oar-opened, numerical values of a first strain gauge 101 and a second strain gauge 102 which are installed on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade are recorded, strain values at the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade are obtained, load values of the wind blade at the installation positions of the first strain gauge 101 and the second strain gauge 102 are respectively the product of gravity of the wind blade and the distance from the gravity center of the wind blade to the installation position of the strain gauges, and therefore the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade is obtained.
Furthermore, each wind blade is provided with a mark of weight and gravity center, and the invention can calculate the load of the wind blade through actual measurement, thereby more accurately reflecting the actual condition of the wind blade.
S2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain mean value and a strain amplitude value at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain mean value and the strain amplitude value into a stress amplitude;
specifically, the operation process of the wind blade comprises a plurality of actions of opening and feathering. Recording the strain value of each strain gauge of the wind blade in the operation process of the wind blade, obtaining the change curve of the strain of the wind blade along with time, and obtaining the strain mean value and the strain amplitude value of each strain gauge installation position on the wind blade by adopting rain flow statistics. The average value of the strain at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade refers to the average value of the strain change at the mounting position of the strain gauge in the running process of the wind blade. The strain amplitude of each strain gauge mounting position on the wind blade is half of the difference value between the maximum strain value and the minimum strain value of the strain gauge mounting position in the running process of the wind blade.
And converting the strain amplitude of the wind blade into a stress amplitude with a strain mean value of zero through composite material fatigue calculation. The fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
in the formula, NiFatigue life, R, for composite materialsk,AIs the ultimate strength, S, of the materialk,MIs the mean value of strain, Rk,tIs the tensile strength, R, of the materialk,cIs the compressive strength, S, of the materialk,AIs the strain amplitude, rm,short termIs the short-term safety coefficient r of the materialm,fatigueThe safety coefficient of the material for a long time. Ensuring compoundingFatigue life N of the materialiUnder the condition that the numerical value of (A) is not changed, the strain mean value S of the wind blade is enabledk,MAnd when the mean value of the strain is equal to 0, the stress amplitude of the wind blade with the zero strain mean value can be obtained.
S3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
specifically, the proportional relationship of the load amplitude and the stress amplitude of the wind blade is equal to the proportional relationship of the load and the strain of the wind blade. Thus, knowing the stress amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gage mounting location allows obtaining the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gage mounting location.
And S4, respectively comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the load of a fatigue test, and acquiring the fatigue life of the wind blade.
Specifically, the load of the fatigue test is calculated by adopting the prior art, the load amplitude of each strain gauge mounting position on the fan blade is compared with the load of the fatigue test of the wind blade, the fatigue damage of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is obtained, and the fatigue damage value with the maximum value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade, so that the residual operation time of the wind blade is estimated. Such as: the load of the fatigue test of the wind blade is 200 ten thousand times, the current fan blade is in service for 10 years, the maximum load amplitude of the fan blade calculated by the method is 100 ten thousand times, the fatigue loss of the fan blade is 0.5, and the residual operation time is 10 years.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (7)
1. A fatigue life monitoring method for a wind blade is characterized in that a plurality of strain gauges are mounted on the wind blade and used for measuring strain of the wind blade at the mounting position of the strain gauges, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge on the wind blade to obtain the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the fan blade at the mounting position of the strain gauge;
s2, carrying out rain flow statistics on the strain at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade in the running process of the wind blade to obtain a strain mean value and a strain amplitude value at the mounting position of each strain gauge on the wind blade, and converting the strain mean value and the strain amplitude value into a stress amplitude;
s3, calculating the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position according to the stress amplitude of the wind blade at the strain gauge mounting position and the corresponding relation between the load and the strain;
and S4, respectively comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the load of a fatigue test, and acquiring the fatigue life of the wind blade.
2. A method of monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 comprises:
s1.1, horizontally placing a wind blade, and respectively zeroing each strain gauge arranged on the wind blade;
s1.2, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the swing array direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is feathered, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge;
s1.3, respectively recording the numerical value of each strain gauge arranged in the flapping direction of the wind blade when the wind blade is driven to open the oar, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the load and the strain of the wind blade at the installation position of each strain gauge.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the strain gauges mounted in the pitch direction of the wind blade are strain gauges mounted on both sides of the wind blade; the strain gauges arranged in the flapping direction of the wind blade are the strain gauges arranged on the front edge and the rear edge of the wind blade.
4. A method of monitoring fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the load of the wind blade at the site of strain gauge mounting is equal to the product of the wind blade weight and the distance from the centre of gravity of the wind turbine blade to the site of strain gauge mounting.
5. A method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the strain amplitude of the wind blade at the location where the strain gauge is installed is converted into a stress amplitude with zero strain mean value by a composite material fatigue calculation formula; the fatigue calculation formula of the composite material is as follows:
in the formula, NiFatigue life, R, for composite materialsk,AIs the ultimate strength, S, of the materialk,MIs the mean value of strain, Rk,tIs the tensile strength, R, of the materialk,cIs the compressive strength, S, of the materialk,AIs the strain amplitude, rm,short termIs the short-term safety coefficient r of the materialm,fatigueThe safety coefficient of the material for a long time.
6. A method of monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the proportional relationship between the load amplitude and the stress amplitude of the wind blade is equal to the proportional relationship between the load and the strain of the wind blade.
7. A method for monitoring the fatigue life of a wind blade according to claim 1, wherein the fatigue damage of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position is obtained by comparing the load amplitude of the wind blade at each strain gauge mounting position with the fatigue test load, and the fatigue damage value with the largest value is selected as the fatigue loss of the wind blade.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112595537A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-02 | 弥伦工业产品设计(上海)有限公司 | Equipment health state monitoring method and system based on signal analysis and storage medium |
| WO2021253823A1 (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-12-23 | 浙江大学 | Wind turbine blade coating fatigue analysis method taking into consideration rain erosion |
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