CN110849575A - Wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system and method - Google Patents
Wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerodynamic tests, and discloses a system and a method for measuring the complete aerodynamic force of a wind turbine. The invention adopts the multi-balance force measuring technology and has the force measuring capability of the whole wind turbine and parts; the static/dynamic pressure measurement test technology is adopted, and the capability of measuring the static/dynamic pressure distribution of the rotating blade is achieved; the large-view-field PIV and the three-dimensional moving and measuring mechanism are configured, and the capability of displaying, analyzing and testing the flow field structure of the whole wind turbine is achieved; the active control atmospheric boundary layer simulation system is adopted, dynamic simulation of wind characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer within the height range of 400m is realized, and the dynamic test capability of the whole wind turbine and the wind power plant wind turbine group layout research capability are realized; the slip ring/wireless data transmission capability is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerodynamic tests, and particularly relates to a complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system and method for a wind turbine.
Background
At present, the aerodynamic performance evaluation technology of the blade or the wind wheel is extremely difficult due to the fact that the blade or the wind wheel faces a three-dimensional rotating flow field and a complex unsteady aerodynamic phenomenon. Therefore, the wind turbine aerodynamic performance evaluation under the support of the whole machine or wind turbine wind tunnel test becomes an important technical means.
For wind turbine design and researchers, a main wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measurement system has the following capabilities: (1) testing the performance of the unit, wherein the test content comprises items such as starting wind speed, starting torque, direction adjusting performance, rated state test, yaw test, speed adjusting characteristic, no-load voltage characteristic and power output characteristic; (2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) wind wheel aerodynamic characteristic test, wherein the test content comprises items such as a wind energy utilization coefficient (wind wheel torque), a thrust coefficient, a yawing moment, blade load, blade surface pressure distribution, a pitch angle influence rule and the like, and the test requirements comprise static and dynamic tests; (3) the wind turbine aerodynamic basic research includes the test contents of the streaming field structures (blade tip vortex system, middle vortex system, phyllotactic streaming structure and the like), the wake flow interference of a plurality of wind turbines, the dynamic characteristics of the whole wind turbine and the like. At present, only a few platforms in China can develop partial test projects, and no complete machine aerodynamic test platform with complete test capability exists besides the invention.
The existing wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force testing technology is as follows: (1) in the aspect of influence correction of the hole wall or jet boundary, the blockage degree of the closed test section is higher than 10%, and correction methods such as Maskell and epsilon-max are generally adopted, so that the correction effect is poor; (2) in the aspect of force measurement technology, only the torque and thrust of a wind wheel can be measured generally, and the torque and thrust of the wind wheel cannot be measured simultaneously, and yaw moment, bending moment and the like cannot be measured; (3) the method does not have a rotating blade pressure measurement technology; (4) in the aspect of a flow field structure test technology, a small-field PIV test is generally adopted, flow field data are dispersed, the high-efficiency test capability of a large-range flow field is not achieved, and a large-scale continuous flow field cannot be established based on test data; (5) generally, wedges and rough elements are arranged at the inlet of the test section to simulate a turbulent atmospheric boundary layer, and the following defects exist in the aspect of turbulent simulation: the simulation of low-frequency turbulence is insufficient; the turbulence intensity decays too quickly with height and distance; the turbulence integral scale can only simulate actual 1/500-1/300. The dynamic characteristic test of the whole machine cannot be carried out, and the wake flow interference test can only be carried out under the condition of uniform flow or static atmospheric boundary layer.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:
(1) the platform testing capability is insufficient, the types or items of tests which can be implemented are limited, systematic testing research cannot be carried out, and the research and development requirements cannot be met;
(2) the blockage degree is higher, and the interference of the hole wall is difficult to be corrected reliably;
(3) only individual aerodynamic force components can be measured, or single aerodynamic force components need to be measured respectively for special arrangement, so that the test efficiency is low;
(4) the rotary blade pressure measuring capability is not provided;
(5) the large-range flow field structure test capability is not available;
(6) the dynamic characteristic simulation capability of the atmospheric boundary layer is not provided, the dynamic characteristic test of the whole machine cannot be carried out, and the wake flow interference test can be carried out only under the condition of uniform flow or static atmospheric boundary layer.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) in order to enable the test system to have complete aerodynamic test capability, a plurality of subsystems must be developed, key-related technical problems of each subsystem need to be solved, and multi-system coordination must be realized from the aspects of installation conditions, power supply, data transmission, data acquisition and the like.
(2) On one hand, the influence of the hole wall interference is reduced, the blocking degree is reduced as much as possible, and meanwhile, a reliable correction technology is required to be developed.
(3) To achieve efficient measurement of multiple aerodynamic force components, multi-balance force measurement techniques have to be developed, which means that decoupling is necessary and the installation requirements of the multi-balance are also coordinated.
(4) The development of a pressure measurement technology of a rotating blade needs to solve the technical problems of multi-channel pressure transmission, high-frequency signal attenuation, data transmission and the like of a rotating machine.
(5) The development of the large-range flow field structure test capability requires the development of a large-range moving and measuring device, and the image splicing capability is required from the data processing technology perspective.
(6) The simulation of the general atmospheric boundary layer mainly uses a combination of static wedges and rough elements, and solves the problems of small vortex size, high turbulence attenuation and the like according to the characteristics of a wind turbine and the atmospheric boundary layer.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) the aerodynamic research means of the wind turbine in China is integrated, and the rapid and healthy development of disciplines and related design and evaluation technologies is facilitated.
(2) The system can directly provide detection, evaluation and identification services for certain complete wind turbine machines and component products for domestic enterprises.
(3) Multiple technologies can be used for building experimental platforms with different specifications, and powerful support is provided for building a wind turbine technical standard system and a nationwide wind turbine performance identification and evaluation system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for measuring the overall aerodynamic force of a wind turbine. The complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system of the wind turbine has a perfect complete machine aerodynamic force test function of the wind turbine; the wall pressure information measuring system and the improved blocking correction technology are provided; a multi-balance force measuring technology is adopted; a static/dynamic pressure measurement test technology is adopted; configuring a large-view field PIV and a three-dimensional movement measuring mechanism; and an actively controlled atmospheric boundary layer simulation system is adopted.
The invention is realized in this way, a wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system, the wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system is provided with:
the pressure measurement system provides pressure distribution testing capability, and the large-range movement testing devices and the PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of the model provide flow field structure testing capability;
the yaw control system is used for adjusting the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel;
the speed and pressure control system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the wind turbine;
the balance force measuring system provides load testing capability and realizes the measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and handpiece comprehensive load;
the wall pressure information system provides correction factors to correct wind speed, tip speed ratio, aerodynamic coefficient, wind energy utilization coefficient, pressure coefficient and the like, and then correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis are comprehensively carried out, so that comprehensive and reliable aerodynamic comprehensive performance of the whole wind turbine can be obtained.
Further, the pressure measurement system includes: the first force measuring unit is used for measuring the load of the blade root, the second force measuring unit is used for measuring the load of the blade root, the third force measuring unit is used for measuring the torque, the fourth force measuring unit is used for measuring the thrust of the wind wheel, and the fifth force measuring unit is used for measuring the overall aerodynamic force of the nose;
the yaw control system includes: a moment adjusting flange plate;
the quick pressure control system comprises: a high rotational speed generator;
the balance force measuring system comprises: the system comprises a fairing, a bearing seat, a slip ring current-inducing device, an elastic coupling, a high-speed generator, a fairing, a revolving body, a tower column and a steel wire rope;
the wall pressure information system includes: wall battens on the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel.
Further, the moment adjusting flange plate is connected with the root of the wind wheel blade through a bolt, and the moment adjusting flange plate is connected with the machine head through a bolt;
the root of the wind wheel blade is connected with a first force measuring unit and a second force measuring unit, and the first force measuring unit and the second force measuring unit adopt sheet-type pressure sensors with the thickness of 0.75mm and the diameter of less than 7 mm; the sheet type pressure sensor is fixedly bonded with the reserved pressure groove of the blade through special glue; reserving a welding wire joint at the position of the pressure groove; the pressure signal transmission cable is laid in the interior or on the surface of the blade in advance; the end part of the machine head is connected with the fairing through a bolt.
Further, a rotating shaft in the machine head is connected with a bearing seat through a bearing, a sliding ring current leading device is fixed on the rotating shaft through a bolt, and a pressure sensor in a third force measuring unit is adhered on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the high-rotating-speed generator through an elastic coupling.
Further, a fourth force measuring unit is arranged at the bottom of the bearing seat, the fourth force measuring unit and the high-speed generator are fixed on the first fixing plate through bolts, and a fairing is fixed on the fixing plate through bolts;
a fifth force measuring unit is arranged at the lower end of the first fixing plate and is fixed on the second fixing plate through a bolt;
the lower end of the second fixing plate is fixed with a revolving body through a bolt, the revolving body is connected with a tower column through a bearing, and the lower end of the tower column is fixed with a steel wire rope through a clamping ring.
Further, a large-range moving and measuring device and a PIV system device are installed near the high-speed generator according to requirements; a laser, a cradle head and a camera are arranged on the corresponding slide block of the moving and measuring device according to the position of a flow field to be measured; the test image and data are accessed into a special computer for storage, processing and analysis.
Further, wall pressure strips of the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel in the wall pressure information system; the length of the pressure measuring strip is equivalent to the length of the test segment, the top pressure measuring strip is positioned in the middle of the top wall, and the height of the side wall pressure measuring strip is consistent with the height of the axis of the wind turbine; the wall pressure sensed by the wall pressing strip is transmitted to the wind tunnel computer for processing.
The invention also aims to provide a wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring method for operating the wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system, wherein the wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring method provides pressure distribution testing capability through a pressure measuring system, and a large-range moving and measuring device and a PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of a model provide flow field structure testing capability; wherein, a measuring cable is embedded in the blade, and a dynamic pressure sensor is embedded in the surface of the blade; the power supply of the sensor is completed through a slip ring power-on device, and a pressure signal is transmitted to a wind tunnel pressure measurement system through a slip ring for storage, processing and analysis; when the number of channels is insufficient, the signals are transmitted by a wireless transmitter arranged in the propeller hub; the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel, is adjusted through a yaw control system; through the rapid pressure control system: adjusting the rotation speed of the wind turbine; the balance force measuring system provides load testing capability, and measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and handpiece comprehensive load is realized; by wall pressure information system: and providing correction factors to correct the wind speed, the tip speed ratio, the aerodynamic coefficient, the wind energy utilization coefficient and the pressure coefficient, and then comprehensively carrying out correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system of the wind turbine in wind turbine aerodynamics.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system of the wind turbine in an aerodynamic test.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: the invention has the complete aerodynamic test function of the whole wind turbine, and can meet the requirements of aerodynamic characteristic detection, performance evaluation of design schemes and scientific aerodynamic research of the whole wind turbine; the wall pressure information measuring system and the improved blocking correction technology are provided; the multi-balance force measuring technology is adopted, and the force measuring capability of the whole wind turbine and parts is realized; the static/dynamic pressure measurement test technology is adopted, and the capability of measuring the static/dynamic pressure distribution of the rotating blade is achieved; the large-view-field PIV and the three-dimensional moving and measuring mechanism are configured, and the capability of displaying, analyzing and testing the flow field structure of the whole wind turbine is achieved; the dynamic simulation of the wind characteristics in the atmospheric boundary layer within the height range of 400m is realized by adopting an actively controlled atmospheric boundary layer simulation system; the wind turbine complete machine dynamic test capability and the wind turbine group layout research capability of a wind power plant are realized; the slip ring/wireless data transmission capability is provided.
The invention obtains abundant physical parameters by various technical means, and can obtain reliable aerodynamic comprehensive performance of the whole machine based on the correlation and comprehensive analysis of test data.
The technical effects generated by the above have been proved by examples and experimental data:
wind turbines in UAE PHASE VI of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are widely used for test platform verification and mathematical model verification. The invention utilizes the scaling model of the UAE wind turbine to carry out experimental verification on the force measuring platform. The model scale ratio is 1/2, the Reynolds number difference between the wind turbine model and the UAE wind turbine prototype can be reduced or even eliminated by adjusting the wind speed and the tip speed ratio during the wind tunnel test (when the experimental wind speed is increased by 1 time and the rotating speed is increased to 4 times, the experimental Reynolds number taking the airfoil chord length as the characteristic length is the same as that in the NREL wind tunnel test), so that the experimental data and the NREL data are verified to have better comparability. Because the wind tunnel test data of the UAE Phase VI complete machine disclosed by the invention is limited, only the wind energy utilization coefficient and the low-speed shaft torque are compared with the data of NREL. The curves in the figure show that the results obtained with the test system according to the invention correspond well to the results of NREL, which to a large extent indicates that the test system has a high reliability.
When the pressure distribution of the section at the position of 63% and the length direction R/R of the blade of the 1/2 scale model of the UAE wind turbine is 30% at 7m/s and 144rpm in the FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the data show that the overall surface pressure distribution laws and magnitudes of the two sources are very close, and the pressure data difference only near the leading edge is relatively large, which is the reason that the relative error of the position of the measuring point is large due to the large curvature of the leading edge. Since the corresponding Reynolds number is only 1/2 smaller than the UAE Phase VI, this result demonstrates the reliability of the leaf blade manometry technique.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aerodynamic force measurement system of a complete wind turbine provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-balance force measurement scheme provided by an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram comparing NREL data provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional pressure distribution test result at a position where R/R in the blade length direction is 30% of an 1/2 scale model of a UAE wind turbine at 7m/s and 144rpm according to an embodiment of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional pressure distribution test result at the position where the R/R in the blade length direction of the 1/2 scale model of the UAE wind turbine is 63% at 7m/s and 144rpm according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a cowling; 2. a first force measuring unit; 3. a bearing seat; 4. a slip ring current lead; 5. a third force measuring unit; 6. an elastic coupling; 7. a high rotational speed generator; 8. a cowling; 9. a fifth force measuring unit; 10. a revolving body; 11. a tower column; 12. a fourth force measuring unit; 13. a second force measuring unit; 14. a moment adjusting flange plate; 15. a steel cord.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The complete machine aerodynamic force measuring system of the wind turbine has a perfect complete machine aerodynamic force test function of the wind turbine; the wall pressure information measuring system and the improved blocking correction technology are provided; a multi-balance force measuring technology is adopted; a static/dynamic pressure measurement test technology is adopted; configuring a large-view field PIV and a three-dimensional movement measuring mechanism; and an actively controlled atmospheric boundary layer simulation system is adopted.
The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the aerodynamic force measurement system of the complete wind turbine provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a pressure measurement system, a yaw control system, a speed and pressure control system, a balance force measurement system and a wall pressure information system.
The pressure measurement system includes: a first force measuring cell 2, a second force measuring cell 13, a third force measuring cell 5, a fourth force measuring cell 12, and a fifth force measuring cell 9;
the yaw control system includes: a moment adjusting flange 14;
the quick pressure control system comprises: a high rotational speed generator 7;
the balance force measuring system comprises: the generator comprises a fairing 1, a bearing seat 3, a slip ring current-inducing device 4, an elastic coupling 6, a high-speed generator 7, a fairing 8, a revolving body 10, a tower column 11 and a steel wire rope 15;
the wall pressure information system includes: wall pressing strips of the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel;
a pressure measurement system: providing a pressure distribution testing capability, and providing a flow field structure testing capability by a large-range moving and testing device and a PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of the model;
a yaw control system: adjusting the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel;
the quick-pressing control system comprises: adjusting the rotation speed of the wind turbine;
balance force measurement system: the load testing capability is provided, and the measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and machine head comprehensive load is realized;
wall pressure information system: the wind speed, tip speed ratio, aerodynamic coefficient, wind energy utilization coefficient, pressure coefficient and the like are corrected by providing correction factors, and then correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis are comprehensively carried out, so that comprehensive and reliable aerodynamic comprehensive performance of the whole wind turbine can be obtained.
A first force measuring unit 2 and a second force measuring unit 13, a first force measuring unit and a second force measuring unit of the wind wheel blade root and the platform
The second force measuring unit is connected with the blade root part, and is used for measuring the load of the blade root part;
a third force measuring unit 5 for measuring torque;
a fourth force measuring unit 12 for measuring the thrust of the wind wheel;
and a fifth force measuring unit 9 for measuring the integral aerodynamic force of the handpiece.
The root of the wind wheel blade is connected with a moment adjusting flange 14 through bolts, and the moment adjusting flange 14 is connected with the machine head through bolts.
The root of the wind wheel blade is connected with a first force measuring unit 2 and a second force measuring unit 13, and the first force measuring unit 2 and the second force measuring unit 13 adopt sheet-type pressure sensors with the thickness of 0.75mm and the diameter of less than 7 mm; the sheet type pressure sensor is fixedly bonded with the reserved pressure groove of the blade through special glue; reserving a welding wire joint at the position of the pressure groove; the pressure signal transmission cable is laid in the interior or on the surface of the blade in advance; the end of the nose is connected with the fairing 1 through a bolt.
A rotating shaft in the machine head is connected with a bearing seat 3 through a bearing, a slip ring current leading device 4 is fixed on the rotating shaft through a bolt, and a pressure sensor in a third force measuring unit 5 is adhered on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the high-speed generator 7 through an elastic coupling 6.
The bottom of the bearing seat 3 is provided with a fourth force measuring unit 12, the fourth force measuring unit 12 and the high-speed generator 7 are fixed on a first fixing plate through bolts, and a fairing 8 is fixed on the fixing plate through bolts.
The lower end of the first fixing plate is provided with a fifth force measuring unit 9, and the fifth force measuring unit 9 is fixed on the second fixing plate through bolts.
The lower end of the second fixing plate is fixed with a revolving body 10 through a bolt, the revolving body 10 is connected with a tower column 11 through a bearing, and the lower end of the tower column 11 is fixed with a steel wire rope 15 through a clamping ring.
The following structural specific examples further describe the structure of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Multi-balance force measuring technology
The multi-balance force measurement scheme is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, and at most 5 balances can be used for measuring the load of the root of the blade, the thrust and the torque of the wind wheel and the resultant force of all components on the platform at the same time.
In the figure, a first force measuring unit and a second force measuring unit (blade root balances) are two six-component strain balances, and the blade root balances bear and measure the flapping bending moment, the shimmy bending moment and the torsional moment of the blade when rotating and bear larger centrifugal force and gravity, so that enough strength and rigidity are considered during design. The upper limit of the rotating speed of the wind wheel can be calculated according to the radial component range of the wind wheel and the weight of the blades.
The third force cell is a torque balance. The slip ring electricity leading device shown in the figure is provided with 120 channels, and the torque generated by the friction force between the elastic sheet and the annular joint can be calibrated through a ground variable-speed test, and the torque result is corrected according to the torque result. When the slip ring channel is insufficient, the slip ring channel can be supplemented in a wireless data transmission mode.
The fourth force measuring unit (thrust balance) can measure other five components of the whole wind wheel except the torque, and the accuracy of the measurement of the axial thrust can be ensured due to the fact that the elastic coupling is used for decoupling.
(2) Rotating blade pressure distribution measuring technology
The measurement of the pressure distribution on the surface of the blade when the wind wheel rotates has important significance on the research of the three-dimensional flow characteristics of the wind turbine. The general method of "pressure measuring hole + pressure measuring pipeline + static/dynamic sensor" that is adopted to measure surface pressure has two difficulties, and firstly, it is very complicated to carry out centrifugal force correction, and secondly, the dynamic pressure signal introduction sensor of pipeline transmission is difficult: in order to avoid signal attenuation or distortion in the pipeline, the pipeline length cannot be too long, so when measuring the pressure signal far away from the hub, the sensor must be embedded in the blade, which not only causes difficulty in manufacturing, but also makes accurate detection of a test system difficult, and some sensors are also easy to scrap.
And installing a thin-plate type pressure sensor (with the thickness of 0.75mm and the diameter of less than 7mm) on the surface of the blade. When the blade is manufactured, a pressure groove is reserved at the selected measuring point position, so that the section airfoil shape after the sensor is installed is convenient to ensure. The pressure sensor is fixed by special glue and the surface is smooth by using perforated adhesive tape. The pressure signal transmission cable is laid in the interior or on the surface of the blade in advance, the blade is guaranteed to have enough strength, the appearance of the blade is not changed, and a welding wire joint is reserved at the position of the pressure groove. Cables of all pressure measuring channels are collected to a blade root and are connected to a data acquisition and transmission system. And (4) carrying out signal monitoring and processing by using a dynamic signal analyzer.
The scheme has the advantages that: the sensor is matched with the measuring point position, and the pressure signal is directly converted into an electric signal without pipeline transmission, so that the complex centrifugal force correction is avoided; the circuit of each sensor can be independently checked or replaced, and the system is convenient to detect; the sensor has high response speed, can be detached for repeated use, and can measure the pressure of a plurality of measuring points by fewer sensors.
(3) Hole wall interference influence correction technology
The technology mainly comprises 3 contents:
a. determining the size of a model of the wind turbine according to the size of the test section, wherein the ratio of the swept area of the wind turbine to the sectional area of the closed test section is not higher than 10 percent;
b. the wall pressure (the range is 100-600 Pa) is measured by adopting the micro-pressure sensor, the accuracy of the original data of the wall pressure information is improved, and the improvement effect under the low-speed pressure condition is particularly obvious;
c. according to the traditional wall pressure information method, the mirror image system is arranged on the real hole wall, the mirror image system is arranged at a position outside the hole wall in a new algorithm, and when the induction speed of the singularity of the mirror image system on the real hole wall is calculated, the induction speed processing near the singularity is avoided, the mathematical processing difficulty is reduced, and the calculation efficiency and accuracy are higher than those of the traditional method.
(4) Large-range flow field structure testing technology
The technology mainly comprises 3 contents:
a. adopting a large view field PIV, wherein the single-frame maximum view field is 800mm multiplied by 533 mm;
b. the image splicing is realized by adopting a kriging interpolation algorithm, and the view field limitation of the PIV device is broken through;
c. the large-range moving and measuring device with the lead screw and the sliding block structure is developed, and the multiple sliding blocks bear equipment such as a laser, a cloud deck, a camera and the like, so that high-efficiency moving and measuring are realized.
(5) Atmospheric boundary layer dynamic characteristic simulation technology
A set of simulation device for enhancing turbulent flow energy through mechanical energy injection, namely an active simulation device of an atmospheric boundary layer. The motor drives the wedge to do periodic motion to supplement turbulent kinetic energy, particularly low-frequency turbulent energy, to the incoming flow, so that larger and more stable turbulent intensity and integral scale are generated to meet the requirement of natural incoming flow simulation of the large-scale wind turbine. The turbulence frequency is controlled by the rotating speed of the motor, the turbulence scale is adjusted through the width of the wedge (the baffle with different transverse widths can be additionally arranged for changing), and the height adjusting range of the wedge is 4-4.5 m.
The wind tunnel power system provides incoming flow, and the wind tunnel rapid pressure system controls the incoming flow parameters. In general, the wind tunnel provides uniform inflow conditions, and when an atmospheric boundary layer active simulation device is installed at an inlet of a test section, the wind tunnel provides dynamic inflow conditions of the atmospheric boundary layer for the wind turbine.
Example 2
A large-range moving and measuring device and a PIV system device are arranged near the high-speed generator according to requirements; and a laser, a cradle head and a camera are arranged on the corresponding slide block of the moving and measuring device according to the position of a flow field to be measured. The test image and data are accessed into a special computer for storage, processing and analysis.
Example 3
And wall pressing strips on the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel in the wall pressing information system. The length of the pressure measuring strip is equivalent to that of the test section, the top pressure measuring strip is located in the middle of the top wall, and the height of the side wall pressure measuring strip is consistent with that of the axis of the wind turbine. The wall pressure sensed by the wall pressing strip is transmitted to the wind tunnel computer for processing.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the pressure distribution testing capability is provided through a pressure measuring system, and the large-range moving and measuring devices and the PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of the model provide the flow field structure testing capability; wherein, a measuring cable is embedded in the blade, and a dynamic pressure sensor is embedded in the surface of the blade. The power supply of the sensor is completed by a slip ring power-leading device, and the pressure signal is transmitted to the wind tunnel pressure measuring system by the slip ring for storage, processing and analysis. When the number of channels is insufficient, the transmission can be carried out by a wireless transmitter arranged in the propeller hub. And a yaw control system is used for adjusting the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel. Through the rapid pressure control system: adjusting the rotation speed of the wind turbine; the balance force measuring system provides load testing capability, and measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and handpiece comprehensive load is realized; by wall pressure information system: the wind speed, tip speed ratio, aerodynamic coefficient, wind energy utilization coefficient, pressure coefficient and the like are corrected by providing correction factors, and then correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis are comprehensively carried out, so that comprehensive and reliable aerodynamic comprehensive performance of the whole wind turbine can be obtained.
The invention respectively processes the force measurement data, the pressure measurement data and the flow field analysis data, corrects the wind speed, the tip speed ratio, the aerodynamic coefficient, the wind energy utilization coefficient, the pressure coefficient and the like according to the correction factors provided by the wall pressure information system, and then comprehensively performs correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis, thereby obtaining comprehensive and reliable aerodynamic comprehensive performance of the whole wind turbine.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aerodynamic force measuring system of the whole wind turbine is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
the pressure measurement system is used for providing pressure distribution testing capability, and the large-range movement testing devices and the PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of the model provide flow field structure testing capability;
the yaw control system is used for adjusting the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel;
the speed and pressure control system is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the wind turbine;
the balance force measuring system is used for providing load testing capacity and realizing measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and handpiece comprehensive load;
and the wall pressure information system is used for providing correction factors to correct the wind speed, the tip speed ratio, the aerodynamic coefficient, the wind energy utilization coefficient and the pressure coefficient, and comprehensively performing correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis.
2. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measurement system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said pressure measurement system comprises: the first force measuring unit is used for measuring the load of the blade root, the second force measuring unit is used for measuring the load of the blade root, the third force measuring unit is used for measuring the torque, the fourth force measuring unit is used for measuring the thrust of the wind wheel, and the fifth force measuring unit is used for measuring the overall aerodynamic force of the nose;
the yaw control system includes: a moment adjusting flange plate;
the quick pressure control system comprises: a high rotational speed generator;
the balance force measuring system comprises: the system comprises a fairing, a bearing seat, a slip ring current-inducing device, an elastic coupling, a high-speed generator, a fairing, a revolving body, a tower column and a steel wire rope;
the wall pressure information system includes: wall battens on the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel.
3. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measurement system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moment-adjusting flange is connected with the root of the wind wheel blade through a bolt, and the moment-adjusting flange is connected with the machine head through a bolt;
the root of the wind wheel blade is connected with a first force measuring unit and a second force measuring unit, and the first force measuring unit and the second force measuring unit adopt sheet-type pressure sensors with the thickness of 0.75mm and the diameter of less than 7 mm; the sheet type pressure sensor is fixedly bonded with the reserved pressure groove of the blade through special glue; reserving a welding wire joint at the position of the pressure groove; the pressure signal transmission cable is laid in the interior or on the surface of the blade in advance; the end part of the machine head is connected with the fairing through a bolt.
4. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measuring system according to claim 2, wherein a rotating shaft in the machine head is connected with a bearing seat through a bearing, a sliding ring current leading device is fixed on the rotating shaft through a bolt, and a pressure sensor in a third force measuring unit is adhered on the rotating shaft; the rotating shaft is connected with the output shaft of the high-rotating-speed generator through an elastic coupling.
5. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measuring system according to claim 2, wherein a fourth force measuring unit is arranged at the bottom of the bearing seat, the fourth force measuring unit and the high-speed generator are fixed on the first fixing plate through bolts, and a fairing is fixed on the fixing plate through bolts;
a fifth force measuring unit is arranged at the lower end of the first fixing plate and is fixed on the second fixing plate through a bolt;
the lower end of the second fixing plate is fixed with a revolving body through a bolt, the revolving body is connected with a tower column through a bearing, and the lower end of the tower column is fixed with a steel wire rope through a clamping ring.
6. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measurement system according to claim 2, wherein a large-range displacement measurement device and a PIV system device are installed near the high-speed generator as required; a laser, a cradle head and a camera are arranged on the corresponding slide block of the moving and measuring device according to the position of a flow field to be measured; the test image and data are accessed into a special computer for storage, processing and analysis.
7. The complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measurement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wall pressure information system comprises wall pressure strips of the top wall and the two side walls of the wind tunnel; the length of the pressure measuring strip is equivalent to the length of the test segment, the top pressure measuring strip is positioned in the middle of the top wall, and the height of the side wall pressure measuring strip is consistent with the height of the axis of the wind turbine; the wall pressure sensed by the wall pressing strip is transmitted to the wind tunnel computer for processing.
8. The wind turbine complete machine aerodynamic force measuring method is characterized in that the pressure distribution testing capability is provided through the pressure measuring system, and the flow field structure testing capability is provided through the large-range moving and measuring devices and the PIV system which are arranged at the upstream and the side of the model; wherein, a measuring cable is embedded in the blade, and a dynamic pressure sensor is embedded in the surface of the blade; the power supply of the sensor is completed through a slip ring power-on device, and a pressure signal is transmitted to a wind tunnel pressure measurement system through a slip ring for storage, processing and analysis; when the number of channels is insufficient, the signals are transmitted by a wireless transmitter arranged in the propeller hub; the positive windward state of the wind turbine, which is opposite to the incoming flow and has the axis parallel to the axis of the wind tunnel, is adjusted through a yaw control system; through the rapid pressure control system: adjusting the rotation speed of the wind turbine; the balance force measuring system provides load testing capability, and measurement of blade load, wind wheel thrust, wind wheel torque and handpiece comprehensive load is realized; by wall pressure information system: and providing correction factors to correct the wind speed, the tip speed ratio, the aerodynamic coefficient, the wind energy utilization coefficient and the pressure coefficient, and then comprehensively carrying out correlation analysis and comprehensive analysis.
9. The application of the complete wind turbine aerodynamic force measuring system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 in wind turbine aerodynamics.
10. The application of the aerodynamic force measurement system of the whole wind turbine as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7 in an aerodynamic test.
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