CN111948114A - Method for measuring three-porosity of conglomerate core containing clay sand - Google Patents
Method for measuring three-porosity of conglomerate core containing clay sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN111948114A CN111948114A CN202010858357.9A CN202010858357A CN111948114A CN 111948114 A CN111948114 A CN 111948114A CN 202010858357 A CN202010858357 A CN 202010858357A CN 111948114 A CN111948114 A CN 111948114A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the three-porosity of a conglomerate core containing clay sand, which comprises the following steps of 1, carrying out a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment on a core sample, drawing a resistance increase rate curve according to resistance increase rate experiment data, and determining two curve slope change points of the resistance increase rate curve; and 2, determining the gas porosity of the core sample in the helium injection porosity experiment according to the two curve slope change points to obtain the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity, and calculating to obtain the movable fluid porosity, effective porosity and total porosity of the core sample. The measuring method has the advantages of simple process, accurate and reliable measuring result and higher precision, and breaks the limitation that the traditional rock physical experiment can only measure the effective porosity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum and natural gas geology and exploration and development engineering, in particular to a method for measuring the three-porosity of a core of a clay-containing conglomerate.
Background
The conglomerate is widely distributed, the exploration area is thousands of square kilometers, the oil reservoir scale is large, and the reserves are rich, particularly, the conglomerate reservoir becomes an important target for oil and gas exploration of each large oil field according to the exploration finding of a billion-ton-level conglomerate large oil area sunk in the Mars lake of the Quaschar basin in Xinjiang. The deposit characteristics mainly comprise near-source and rapid stacking, and the method has the characteristics of variable mineral components, weak diagenesis, strong heterogeneity and complex pore structure, and the effectiveness evaluation of the reservoir stratum is difficult. The nuclear magnetic logging plays an important role in evaluating a pore structure and evaluating reservoir effectiveness.
At present, the total porosity, effective porosity and movable porosity of the conglomerate are mainly calculated through a nuclear magnetic resonance experiment and nuclear magnetic logging data, and when the conglomerate is measured through the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment, the centrifugal process is complex and difficult to control, the cost is high, and the batch experiment cost is high. Although the conventional rock porosity measurement process is simple, nitrogen or helium is generally adopted as a displacement medium to measure the porosity, but only connected pores in the rock can be measured, disconnected parts and tiny pore throats cannot be measured, and the three-porosity value of the rock cannot be measured simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for measuring the three-porosity of the core of the conglomerate containing clay sand, the measuring method has the advantages of simple process, accurate and reliable measuring result and higher precision, and the limitation that the traditional rock physical experiment can only measure the effective porosity is broken through.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring the three-porosity of a core containing clay sand conglomerate comprises the following steps,
and 2, determining the gas porosity of the core sample in the helium injection porosity experiment according to the two curve slope change points to obtain the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity, and calculating to obtain the movable fluid porosity, effective porosity and total porosity of the core sample.
Preferably, in the step 1, the core sample is prepared by selecting a conglomerate core sample in a reservoir section in the research area to prepare the core sample, and the core sample is a standard plunger sample.
Preferably, in step 1, the core sample is subjected to experiment drying, helium injection porosity experiment is carried out to measure gas porosity, a resistance increase rate experiment is carried out simultaneously, a resistance increase rate curve is drawn, and two curve slope change points are formed by the resistance increase rate curve corresponding to the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity of the core sample.
Further, in step 1, the helium injection porosity test is performed to measure the gas porosity value every 0.5 hour.
Preferably, in step 1, the resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint test is performed at a temperature of 50-70 ℃ and a humidity of 60-80%.
Preferably, in step 2, the drying time of the core sample is correspondingly determined according to the positions of two curve slope change points in the resistance increase rate curve, and the movable fluid porosity and the bundle water binding porosity of the core sample are determined according to the gas porosity corresponding to the drying time of the core sample.
Preferably, in step 2, a helium injection porosity experiment is performed for a long time to measure gas porosity, and the clay-bound water porosity of the core sample is determined when a gas porosity curve is stable.
Preferably, in step 2, the effective porosity is the sum of mobile fluid porosity and capillary bound water porosity, and the total porosity is the sum of mobile fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention relates to a method for measuring the three porosity of a rock core containing clay sand conglomerate, which obtains the porosity data of movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water of the rock core sample by carrying out a resistance increasing rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment on the rock core sample, further obtains the porosity data of the movable fluid, effective porosity and total porosity of the sample, namely the three porosity data, and compared with the three porosity of a nuclear magnetic logging, the measurement precision is higher, the limitation that the traditional physical property experiment can only measure the effective porosity is broken through, the measurement method provided by the invention starts from rock mechanism research, has reliable theoretical basis, innovating the measurement method for representing the three porosities of the clay sand conglomerate through the conventional rock physical experiment, provides reliable and reasonable experimental data for the calculation of the three porosities of a well lacking logging data, has lower experimental cost and has obvious economic and social benefits, starting from changing the conventional experimental measurement method, the method has better popularization and application prospect.
Further, in the step 1, the core sample is prepared by selecting a conglomerate core sample in the reservoir section in the research area and is a standard plunger sample. The plunger sample is a cylindrical rock sample with a regular shape, and the existence of the upper parallel end surface and the lower parallel end surface ensures good coupling of the measuring probe and the rock sample, thereby being beneficial to improving the measuring precision of rock physics experiments.
Further, in the step 1, the resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint test is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%. The loss of water adsorbed on the surface of the core sample is ensured to be avoided by limiting the experiment environment, and the error of the experiment result is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the three-porosity of a conglomerate core containing clay sands in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a time varying porosity curve porosity measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of "inflection points" of a resistance increase rate experiment in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of gas porosity change during core drying according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the three-porosity and the three-porosity of the nuclear magnetic logging obtained by the measuring method of the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
A method for measuring the three-porosity of a core containing clay sand conglomerate comprises the following steps:
and 2, determining the gas porosity of the core sample in the helium injection porosity experiment according to the two curve slope change points to obtain the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity, and calculating to obtain the movable fluid porosity, effective porosity and total porosity of the core sample.
The measurement method is repeated to measure other rock samples, multiple groups of three-porosity experimental data can be obtained, and the three-porosity experimental data is compared with the three-porosity of nuclear magnetic logging, so that the error is small, and the measurement effect is good.
In the step 1, selecting a conglomerate core sample at a reservoir interval in a research area to prepare a rock sample, wherein the prepared rock sample is a standard plunger sample. The plunger sample is a cylindrical rock sample with a regular shape, and the existence of the upper parallel end face and the lower parallel end face ensures good coupling of the probe and the rock sample, and is favorable for improving the precision of rock physics experiments.
In the step 1, a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment under a constant temperature and moisture preservation condition is carried out on a rock core sample, resistance increase rate experiment data is dynamically monitored, the resistivity increase rate has obvious difference according to different fluid conducting paths in different pore spaces, and two 'inflection point' positions can be obtained according to two curve slope change points of a resistivity increase rate curve;
and (3) measuring the resistivity of the selected sample according to a standard process of rock resistivity parameter laboratory measurement and calculation method. And drying is needed when measuring the porosity of the rock core. The drying condition is usually constant temperature of 108 ℃ for 8 hours, but too high drying temperature and too long drying time can cause too fast evaporation of surface adsorbed water, and the relationship between the evaporation amount of water in pores and the pore throat radius is difficult to obtain. In order to ensure that the surface adsorbed water of the rock sample is not lost, the invention adopts the resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment carried out under the conditions of constant temperature of 50-70 ℃ and moisture preservation of 60-80 percent, and respectively carries out the resistance increase rate experiment on the rock samples with different drying times.
In the step 2, two inflection points can be obtained by using a resistance increase rate experiment, and the corresponding gas porosity can be obtained according to the drying time nodes corresponding to the two inflection points, so that the porosity values of the movable fluid, the capillary bound water and the clay bound water can be determined, and further the porosity, the effective porosity and the total porosity of the movable fluid of the sample can be obtained, and the accurate measurement of the three porosities can be realized. The effective porosity is the sum of the mobile fluid porosity and the capillary bound water porosity, and the total porosity is the sum of the mobile fluid porosity, the capillary bound water porosity and the clay bound water porosity.
And (3) repeatedly carrying out a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment on other rock samples under the constant-temperature and moisture-keeping condition to obtain a plurality of groups of three-porosity experimental data, and carrying out contrastive analysis on the three-porosity data and the nuclear magnetic logging, wherein the error is small, and the experimental measurement method has a good effect.
The invention firstly selects a representative conglomerate core, carries out resistance increasing rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment on the core under the condition of constant temperature and moisture retention, obtains the porosity data of movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water of the core, further obtains the porosity data of the movable fluid, effective porosity and total porosity of a sample, namely the three-porosity data, and compared with the three-porosity of nuclear magnetic logging, the measurement precision is higher, the limitation that the traditional physical experiment can only measure the effective porosity is broken through, the experimental method starts from the research of rock mechanism, has reliable theoretical basis, innovating the measurement method for representing the three porosities of the conglomerate containing clay by the conventional rock physical experiment, provides reliable and reasonable experimental data for the calculation of the three-porosity of a well lacking nuclear magnetic logging information, has lower experimental cost and obvious economic and social benefits, starting from changing the conventional experimental measurement method, the method has better popularization and application prospect.
The invention designs a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint test under the constant temperature and moisture preservation condition aiming at the distribution and the conduction mechanism of the glutenite-containing pore structure, namely different fluid conduction paths in different pore spaces and obvious difference of the resistivity increase rate, and can accurately measure the porosity values of movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water in rocks by using the test method so as to obtain the porosity, effective porosity and total porosity of the movable fluid, namely three-porosity data of a sample. Through the comparison and analysis with the nuclear magnetism three-porosity, the coincidence is better, a new thought is provided for the measurement of the three-porosity, and the method has important significance for determining the three-porosity of the glutenite.
The three types of pores, namely the movable fluid pore, the capillary bound water pore and the clay bound water pore, have different conductivity mechanisms and different influences on the resistance increase rate, and the influences of the same type of pores on the resistance increase rate belong to the same linear relation, so that the three types of pores can be judged according to the slope change of a resistance increase rate curve. In the measuring process, the gas porosity is measured every half hour of drying, then the rock sample resistance increase rate is measured simultaneously, fluid in movable pores is easy to evaporate, the influence of the movable fluid on the resistivity is small, the slope of a resistance increase rate curve is small, capillary bound water has large influence on the resistivity after drying, the slope of the resistance increase rate curve can be greatly increased, the resistivity change effect is obvious, finally, the influence of clay water on the resistance increase rate is small, the slope of the resistance increase rate curve is small, helium injection porosity experiment is carried out for a long time to measure the gas porosity, and the clay bound water porosity of a rock core sample is determined when the gas porosity curve is stable. The data of the resistance increase rate chart of the experimental data are analyzed to obtain three data points with different slopes representing three different pore types, and the inflection point of the data is the critical value of different types of pore transition, so that the porosity value of the time node corresponding to the inflection point represents three different types of porosity values.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, an experimental measurement method for measuring three porosities of a clay-containing conglomerate core according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
step S101: selecting a plurality of representative conglomerate rock cores in a research area, preparing experimental rock samples of the selected rock cores, and uniformly numbering the rock samples;
step S102: carrying out a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint test on the rock sample under the constant temperature and moisture preservation condition, dynamically monitoring resistance increase rate test data, and determining inflection point time;
step S103: determining corresponding drying time by using the obtained two 'inflection point' times, further obtaining gas porosity measured by corresponding drying time, and obtaining the porosity data of the movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water of the sample, further obtaining the porosity data of the movable fluid, effective porosity and total porosity of the sample, namely three-porosity data;
step S104: and repeating the experiment to measure other rock samples to obtain a plurality of groups of three-porosity experimental data, carrying out comparative analysis on the three-porosity experimental data and the nuclear magnetic logging three-porosity experimental data, and checking the accuracy of the experimental measurement result.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail to support the technical problems to be solved by the present invention.
S101, selecting a conglomerate stratum section of an X block of an oil field as a research target layer, collecting rock core and logging data information of the target stratum section, selecting a conglomerate rock core sample of the reservoir section in the target layer for preparing a rock sample, wherein the prepared rock sample is a standard plunger sample and is numbered as X1, X2, X3 … and the like.
And S102, measuring the resistivity of the selected sample according to a standard process of rock resistivity parameter laboratory measuring and calculating method. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the water adsorbed on the surface of the rock sample is not lost, a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment under the conditions of constant temperature of 50-70 ℃ and moisture preservation of 60-80% is adopted, in the embodiment, the experiment is carried out at the constant temperature of 60 ℃ and moisture preservation of 70%, firstly, a sample X1 is subjected to experiment drying and a helium injection porosity experiment to measure the gas porosity, the specific measurement principle is shown in figure 2, the drying and the measurement are carried out once every 0.5 hour, the resistance increase rate joint measurement experiment is simultaneously carried out, according to the Kelvin law, other parameters are constants for a specific rock core saturated by formation water, in the constant temperature heating process, the evaporation of the surface adsorbed water is inhibited under the moisture preservation condition, the evaporation amount of the water in the pore throat is only related to the pore throat radius, and because the pore throat structure of low-permeability conglomerates is complex, the fluid conduction paths in different pore spaces are different, and, data "inflection points" were formed between the mobile fluid, the capillary bound water, and the clay bound water, and then recorded for 1 hour and 2.5 hours, respectively, as shown in fig. 3.
Step S103, obtaining the time of drying for 1 hour and 2.5 hours as 'inflection points' by using a resistance increase rate experiment, simultaneously corresponding to the time node of gas porosity change in the core drying process, as shown in FIG. 4, further obtaining gas porosity values measured when the core is dried corresponding to different 'inflection points' time, and then determining the porosity values of movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water, and further obtaining the measured values of the movable fluid porosity phi m, the effective porosity phi e and the total porosity phi t of the sample.
Step S104, repeatedly measuring other rock samples to obtain a plurality of groups of porosity experiment data of the movable fluid, capillary bound water and clay bound water, and further obtaining the total porosity phi t, the effective porosity phi e and the movable fluid porosity phi m measured by all rock sample experiments, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Combined test measurement three-porosity data table
| Serial number | Rock sample numbering | φt/％ | φe/％ | φm/％ |
| 1 | X1 | 12.8 | 8.5 | 4.5 |
| 2 | X2 | 13.3 | 8.8 | 4.5 |
| 3 | X3 | 12.3 | 8.5 | 4.1 |
| 4 | X4 | 12.0 | 7.0 | 2.8 |
| 5 | X5 | 10.6 | 6.8 | 2.0 |
| 6 | X6 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 2.1 |
| 7 | X7 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 1.5 |
As shown in fig. 5, the three porosities obtained by the measurement method are compared with the three porosities obtained by nuclear magnetic logging, from left to right in fig. 5, the first trace is a lithology logging curve, the second trace is a depth trace, the third trace is a lithology profile, the fourth trace is an electrical logging curve, the fifth trace is a three-porosity logging curve, the sixth trace is a nuclear magnetic logging three-porosity curve and three porosity points measured by experiments, the square in the curve is total porosity, the circle is effective porosity, and the triangle is movable fluid porosity. Through the comparison and analysis of experimental data and the three-porosity of nuclear magnetic logging, the method has the advantages of higher goodness of fit and good measurement effect, can accurately represent the actual three-porosity component of the clay-containing glutenite, and breaks through the limitation that the traditional physical property experiment can only measure the effective porosity of the reservoir.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the three-porosity of a conglomerate core containing clay sands is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step 1, performing a resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment on a rock core sample, drawing a resistance increase rate curve according to resistance increase rate experiment data, and determining two curve slope change points of the resistance increase rate curve;
and 2, determining the gas porosity of the core sample in the helium injection porosity experiment according to the two curve slope change points to obtain the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity, and calculating to obtain the movable fluid porosity, effective porosity and total porosity of the core sample.
2. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing clay sand conglomerate according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the core sample is prepared by selecting a core sample of the conglomerate in the reservoir interval in the research area to carry out a rock sample preparation, and the core sample is a standard plunger sample.
3. The method for measuring the porosity of the clay-sand-containing conglomerate core according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, firstly, the core sample is subjected to experiment drying, a helium injection porosity experiment is carried out to measure the gas porosity, meanwhile, a resistance increase rate experiment is carried out, a resistance increase rate curve is drawn, and two curve slope change points are formed by the resistance increase rate curve corresponding to the movable fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity of the core sample.
4. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing clay sand conglomerate as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 1, the helium injection porosity test is performed to measure the gas porosity value once every 0.5 hours by drying.
5. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing the clay sand conglomerate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the resistance increase rate-helium injection porosity joint measurement experiment is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the humidity is 60-80%.
6. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing clay sand conglomerate according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the drying time of the core sample is correspondingly determined according to the positions of the slope change points of the two curves in the resistance increase rate curve, and the movable fluid porosity and the capillary water-binding porosity of the core sample are determined according to the gas porosity corresponding to the drying time of the core sample.
7. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing clay sand conglomerate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a helium injection porosity experiment is carried out for a long time to measure the gas porosity, and the clay-bound water porosity of the core sample is determined when the gas porosity curve is stable.
8. The method for measuring the three-porosity of the core containing clay sand conglomerate as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the effective porosity is the sum of mobile fluid porosity and capillary bound water porosity, and the total porosity is the sum of mobile fluid porosity, capillary bound water porosity and clay bound water porosity.
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