CN105298477A - Formation pore structure interpretation method based on flow units - Google Patents
Formation pore structure interpretation method based on flow units Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a formation pore structure interpretation method based on flow units. The formation pore structure interpretation method based on flow units comprises the following steps of dividing an objective formation into flow units at first; establishing porosity and permeability relation models corresponding to the various flow units; correcting continuous porosity and permeability data acquired by conventional well logging by discrete porosity and permeability data; determining the flow units of various measuring positions in the objective formation and determining continuous porosity and permeability data in the different flow units; and judging a pore structure of the objective formation on the basis of flow unit indexes in the different flow units. In the method, an evaluated block is divided into the flow units with similar geologic structures, the porosity and permeability of the flow units are analyzed, interpretation precision of the permeability of the formation in the whole evaluated block is improved, and the pore structure in the formation can be quickly interpreted and analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum exploration and development technical field, specifically, relate to the recognition methods of formation pore structure in a kind of petroleum exploration and development process.
Background technology
Oil and natural gas stores or flows in the pore structure of formation rock, so the pore structure on research stratum has great importance for the exploration and development of oil and natural gas.Due to architectonic complexity, such that the variations in pore size scope in stratum is large, complex pore structure is changeable, the pore structure understanding stratum generally needs to be determined by the experiment of pressure mercury or nmr logging method.
When obtaining the pore structural information on stratum by the experiment of pressure mercury, need a large amount of core sample gathering corresponding stratum, need the time of at substantial to test, and the result drawn is only applicable to the stratum of doing core experiment, the stratum of not doing core experiment can not obtain rational result simultaneously.Can be used for determining the pore structure on stratum by nmr logging method, but nmr logging method costly, and the NMR logging data obtained is fewer.
Based on above-mentioned situation, need a kind of method that can identify accurately, economically compared with large regions formation pore structure badly.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of method identified accurately, economically compared with large regions formation pore structure.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of formation pore interpretation of structure method based on flow unit, comprise the following steps:
Step one, based on petrophysics experiment obtain the discrete degree of porosity from formation at target locations and permeability according to this to formation at target locations division of flow units;
Step 2, set up the relational model of the degree of porosity corresponding with each flow unit and permeability based on the discrete degree of porosity in each flow unit and permeability data;
Step 3, obtain formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data based on Using Conventional Logs, with discrete degree of porosity and permeability data, continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data are corrected;
Step 4, judge the flow unit belonging to measuring position in described formation at target locations according to the relational model of continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data after correcting and degree of porosity corresponding to each flow unit and permeability and determine continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell;
Step 5, calculate Flow Zone Index based on continuous print degree of porosity in described various flows moving cell and permeability data, and judge the pore structure of formation at target locations based on the Flow Zone Index in various flows moving cell.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in step one, further comprising the steps:
The discrete degree of porosity obtained based on petrophysics experiment and permeability data calculate Flow Zone Index;
Calculate Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency based on the Flow Zone Index obtained and draw corresponding Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure;
Based on the flow unit cumulative frequency figure obtained to formation at target locations division of flow units.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described Flow Zone Index is obtained by following formulae discovery:
Wherein, k is permeability corresponding to formation at target locations, and φ is degree of porosity corresponding to formation at target locations, and FZI is the Flow Zone Index of formation at target locations.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the formation at target locations of some correspondence identical for the slope in described Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure is divided into a flow unit.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in step 2, the relational model of the degree of porosity that each flow unit described is corresponding and permeability data adopts following formula:
k＝aφ
b
Wherein, k is permeability corresponding to formation at target locations, and φ is degree of porosity corresponding to formation at target locations, and parameter a, parameter b are constant.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the degree of porosity that each flow unit described is corresponding and the relational model of permeability data, parameter a, parameter b are determined by regression algorithm.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in step 3, describedly correction carried out to continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data comprise the following steps:
The porosity and permeability Plotting data porosity and permeability cross plot determined based on petrophysics experiment also it can be used as base map, and the porosity and permeability obtained based on Using Conventional Logs draws porosity and permeability cross plot;
Move integrally the porosity and permeability cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until its degree of porosity is interval interval basically identical thus obtain porosity correction amount and correct in order to obtain degree of porosity to Using Conventional Logs with the degree of porosity on base map;
Move integrally the porosity and permeability cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until permeability is interval interval basically identical thus obtain permeability correcting value and correct in order to the permeability data obtained Using Conventional Logs with the permeability on base map.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in step 4, whether met the flow unit belonging to the measuring position determined in formation at target locations by the relational model of formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and the permeability data degree of porosity corresponding with certain flow unit and permeability.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in step 5, the Flow Zone Index calculated by continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell judges pore structure, and as Flow Zone Index is larger, then pore structure is better.
According to one embodiment of present invention, Flow Zone Index continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell calculated is by logarithmic scale Labeling Coordinate, and the mark stated range minimum of this coordinate is 0.01, and maximum value is 100;
According to the position judgment pore structure of Flow Zone Index in index scale coordinate, Flow Zone Index is the closer to the direction of the large value of Labeling Coordinate, then pore structure is better.
Present invention offers following beneficial effect:
This method is by being divided into the similar flow unit of geologic structure by formation at target locations, pore Structure Analysis is carried out by logging technique acquisition continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in each flow unit, accurately can determine the pore structure distribution of whole formation at target locations, reduce cost simultaneously.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the following description, and, partly become apparent from manual, or understand by implementing the present invention.Object of the present invention and other advantages realize by structure specifically noted in manual, claims and accompanying drawing and obtain.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, do simple introduction by accompanying drawing required in embodiment or description of the prior art below:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 2 is the algorithm flow chart of step S001 in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure after the division of flow units of one embodiment of the present of invention;
Fig. 4 is the various flows moving cell degree of porosity-permeability graph of a relation of corresponding diagram 3;
Fig. 5 is nuclear magnetic resonance and the Flow Zone Index key-drawing of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to drawings and Examples, to the present invention, how application technology means solve technical problem whereby, and the implementation procedure reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.It should be noted that, only otherwise form conflict, each embodiment in the present invention and each feature in each embodiment can be combined with each other, and the technical scheme formed is all within protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, can perform in the computer system of such as one group of computer executable instructions in the step shown in the flow chart of accompanying drawing, and, although show logical order in flow charts, but in some cases, can be different from the step shown or described by order execution herein.
In petroleum exploration and development process, because the geological condition on zones of different stratum is different, stratum similar with physical property for lithology can be divided into a unit, the stratigraphic division of different lithology and physical property is different unit, different unit is processed respectively to the architectural feature analyzing stratum.Introduce in the present invention flow unit to object stratum carry out divide and analyzing and processing to obtain the pore structure distribution situation of whole formation at target locations.
Be illustrated in figure 1 the flow chart of one embodiment of the present of invention.
In step S001, the degree of porosity obtained by petrophysics experiment and permeability data are to formation at target locations division of flow units.Can Further Division be following steps in this step.
As shown in Figure 2, in step S101, obtained the core sample data of formation at target locations diverse location by drilling technology, and degree of porosity and the permeability data that various physical test obtains this core sample is carried out to core sample.The degree of porosity obtained by rock core Physical Experiment and permeability data are discrete data.The discrete degree of porosity obtained and permeability data are substituted into Flow Zone Index formula to fall into a trap the Flow Zone Index of getting it right and answering, this design formulas is as follows:
Wherein, k is the permeability of core sample in formation at target locations, and φ is the degree of porosity of core sample in formation at target locations, and FZI is corresponding Flow Zone Index.The Flow Zone Index of formation at target locations diverse location core sample can be obtained according to this formula.
In step s 102, the Flow Zone Index obtained by step S101 is calculated flow unit cumulative frequency and draws Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure.In this cumulative frequency figure, a coordinate axes represents Flow Zone Index numerical value, and the representative of another coordinate axes is to should the cumulative frequency of Flow Zone Index numerical value.The cumulative frequency of the Flow Zone Index in this formation at target locations intuitively can be shown by this figure.
In step s 103, the data in Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure are divided.Be a flow unit by the stratigraphic division of some correspondence identical for slope in cumulative frequency figure, formation at target locations can be divided into multiple different flow unit, the stratum in the flow unit after each division has similar geologic feature.
In step S002, calculate the relational model of degree of porosity and permeability respectively for each flow unit after division.In this step, for each flow unit, the relational model both setting up according to the discrete degree of porosity in this flow unit and permeability data.Both relational models adopt power function form to represent herein, and this relational model is expressed as follows:
k＝aφ
b(2)
Wherein, k is permeability corresponding to formation at target locations, and φ is degree of porosity corresponding to formation at target locations, and parameter a, parameter b are constant, and b is pore structure index.
Because the degree of porosity that adopts in this step and permeability are discrete data, need by regression algorithm degree of porosity and Permeability fit be full curve form and determine the value of parameter a, b, wherein b value is larger, and pore structure is better.The structure parameters of soil layer obtained by petrophysics experiment is accurate, and the flow unit that the method is determined is accurate, so adopt the method to carry out division of flow units in the present invention.
In step S003, obtain formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data based on Using Conventional Logs, with discrete degree of porosity and permeability data, continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data are corrected.
The trimming process of degree of porosity adopts φ in this step
1=φ+Δ φ, wherein φ
1be the degree of porosity after correcting, φ is the degree of porosity obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, and Δ φ is porosity correction amount.Permeability trimming process adopts k
1=k+ Δ k, wherein k
1be the permeability after correcting, k is the permeability obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, and Δ k is permeability correcting value.
Key needs to obtain porosity correction amount and permeability correcting value in this step.First the discrete porosity and permeability Plotting data porosity and permeability cross plot obtained by petrophysics experiment using this figure as benchmark base map.Simultaneously based on the porosity and permeability Plotting data porosity and permeability cross plot that Using Conventional Logs obtains.
Move integrally the porosity and permeability data cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until the degree of porosity in this figure is interval basically identical with the degree of porosity interval on base map, the amount of movement of this degree of porosity is the correction amount delta φ of degree of porosity.
Move integrally the porosity and permeability cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until the permeability in this figure is interval basically identical with the permeability interval on base map, the amount of movement of this permeability is the correction amount delta k of permeability.
Using the porosity and permeability cross plot determined by petrophysics experiment as base map, move integrally the continuous print porosity and permeability cross plot by Using Logging Data To Evaluate, the degree of porosity interval that the degree of porosity of logging evaluation interval and petrophysics experiment are determined is basically identical, then the amount of movement of degree of porosity is Δ φ.
Using the porosity and permeability cross plot determined by petrophysics experiment as base map, move integrally the continuous print porosity and permeability cross plot of Using Logging Data To Evaluate, the permeability interval that the permeability of logging evaluation interval and experiment are determined is basically identical, then the amount of movement of permeability is Δ k.
In step S004, according to the formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity corrected and permeability data, analyze the functional relation of continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data, judge that the relational model of the degree of porosity that the functional relation of degree of porosity that in formation at target locations, measuring position is corresponding and permeability data is corresponding with certain flow unit and permeability meets, thus determine the flow unit belonging to stratum, measuring position, and then determine continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell.
In step S005, calculate Flow Zone Index based on the continuous print degree of porosity in various flows moving cell and permeability data, judged the pore structure of formation at target locations by Flow Zone Index, as Flow Zone Index is larger, then pore structure is better.
In this step, be the pore structure characteristic on more intuitive display-object stratum, the form of the Flow Zone Index calculated in each flow unit by logarithmic scale coordinate is marked.The number range minimum value marked in this coordinate is 0.01, and maximum value is 100.Then judge the position of Flow Zone Index in coordinate, Flow Zone Index is the closer to the direction of coordinate maximum value, then pore structure is better.By the pore structure distribution in flow unit each in evaluating objects stratum, thus infer the average pore distribution on whole evaluation stratum.
Method of the present invention is by being divided into the similar flow unit of geologic structure by formation at target locations, lacunarity analysis is carried out to the continuous stratum in each flow unit wherein, improves the degree of accuracy of formation pore structural analysis and the Explanation Accuracy of permeability in each flow unit.The porosity and permeability data being obtained continuous stratum by conventional logging technology calculate Flow Zone Index, judge pore structure, also can infer the pore structure on this stratum to the stratum can not carrying out core experiment by Flow Zone Index.Adopt the method that nuclear magnetic resonance log can be replaced to analyze the pore structure on stratum, reduce the cost of measurement.
Below by way of a specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described.
Be illustrated in figure 3 degree of porosity that a certain formation at target locations obtained by petrophysics experiment and the Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure that permeability data obtains.Flow Zone Index corresponding for the cumulative frequency numerical value of slope same section in figure is divided into one group as a flow unit, obtains 7 kinds of flow units altogether.
To the relational model of the degree of porosity in each flow unit and corresponding permeability data selecting hole porosity and permeability.Be illustrated in figure 4 the graph of a relation of various flows moving cell degree of porosity-permeability, axis of abscissas represents degree of porosity, ordinate represents permeability, show in figure whole 7 kinds of flow units degree of porosity-permeability relation, each flow unit corresponding obtains the index of correlation of different degree of porosity-permeability relational model and correspondence.In this expression formula, y represents permeability, and x represents degree of porosity, and the index of x is pore structure index.Tentatively can be judged the pore structure of this flow unit by this pore structure index, as pore structure index is larger, then the permeability on stratum is higher.
Obtain formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data by logging technique, the degree of porosity of acquisition and permeability data are entered through calibration offspring the Flow Zone Index that flow unit exponential formula obtains formation at target locations.The T2 of the Flow Zone Index obtained and nuclear magnetic resonance log is composed and compares.Nuclear magnetic resonance log is more accurate measuring method in current measured hole gap structure, with its measurement result for benchmark, if near the peak value of the corresponding nuclear magnetic resonance log T2 spectrum of the Flow Zone Index numerical value obtained, then reliability and the accuracy of Flow Zone Index can be confirmed.As shown in the 4th road in Fig. 5, the Flow Zone Index numerical value obtained by continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in certain flow unit is positioned near the peak value of T2 spectrum, illustrates that nuclear magnetic resonance log T2 composes explanation results and Flow Zone Index has good uniformity.
Although embodiment disclosed in this invention is as above, the embodiment that described content just adopts for the ease of understanding the present invention, and be not used to limit the present invention.Technician in any the technical field of the invention; under the prerequisite not departing from spirit and scope disclosed in this invention; any amendment and change can be done what implement in form and in details; but scope of patent protection of the present invention, the scope that still must define with appending claims is as the criterion.
Claims (10)
1., based on a formation pore interpretation of structure method for flow unit, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, based on petrophysics experiment obtain the discrete degree of porosity from formation at target locations and permeability according to this to formation at target locations division of flow units;
Step 2, set up the relational model of the degree of porosity corresponding with each flow unit and permeability based on the discrete degree of porosity in each flow unit and permeability data;
Step 3, obtain formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data based on Using Conventional Logs, with discrete degree of porosity and permeability data, continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data are corrected;
Step 4, judge the flow unit belonging to measuring position in described formation at target locations according to the relational model of continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data after correcting and degree of porosity corresponding to each flow unit and permeability and determine continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell;
Step 5, calculate Flow Zone Index based on continuous print degree of porosity in described various flows moving cell and permeability data, and judge the pore structure of formation at target locations based on the Flow Zone Index in various flows moving cell.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in step one, further comprising the steps:
The discrete degree of porosity obtained based on petrophysics experiment and permeability data calculate Flow Zone Index;
Calculate Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency based on the Flow Zone Index obtained and draw corresponding Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure;
Based on the flow unit cumulative frequency figure obtained to formation at target locations division of flow units.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described Flow Zone Index is obtained by following formulae discovery:
Wherein, k is permeability corresponding to formation at target locations, and φ is degree of porosity corresponding to formation at target locations, and FZI is the Flow Zone Index of formation at target locations.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, the formation at target locations of some correspondence identical for the slope in described Flow Zone Index cumulative frequency figure is divided into a flow unit.
5. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, the relational model of the degree of porosity that each flow unit described is corresponding and permeability data adopts following formula:
k＝aφ
b
Wherein, k is permeability corresponding to formation at target locations, and φ is degree of porosity corresponding to formation at target locations, and parameter a, parameter b are constant.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in the relational model of the degree of porosity that each flow unit described is corresponding and permeability data, parameter a, parameter b are determined by regression algorithm.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, in step 3, describedly carries out correction to continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data and comprises:
The porosity and permeability Plotting data porosity and permeability cross plot determined based on petrophysics experiment also it can be used as base map, and the porosity and permeability obtained based on Using Conventional Logs draws porosity and permeability cross plot;
Move integrally the porosity and permeability cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until its degree of porosity is interval interval basically identical thus obtain porosity correction amount and correct in order to obtain degree of porosity to Using Conventional Logs with the degree of porosity on base map;
Move integrally the porosity and permeability cross plot obtained based on Using Conventional Logs, until permeability is interval interval basically identical thus obtain permeability correcting value and correct in order to the permeability data obtained Using Conventional Logs with the permeability on base map.
8. the method as described in any one of claim 1 ~ 7, it is characterized in that, in step 4, whether met the flow unit belonging to the measuring position determined in formation at target locations by the relational model of formation at target locations continuous print degree of porosity and the permeability data degree of porosity corresponding with certain flow unit and permeability.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, in step 5, the Flow Zone Index calculated by continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell judges pore structure, and as Flow Zone Index is larger, then pore structure is better.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, Flow Zone Index continuous print degree of porosity and permeability data in various flows moving cell calculated is by logarithmic scale Labeling Coordinate, and the mark stated range minimum of this coordinate is 0.01, and maximum value is 100;
According to the position judgment pore structure of Flow Zone Index in index scale coordinate, Flow Zone Index is the closer to the direction of the large value of Labeling Coordinate, then pore structure is better.
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