CN111946346A - Roof caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting - Google Patents
Roof caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111946346A CN111946346A CN202010783787.9A CN202010783787A CN111946346A CN 111946346 A CN111946346 A CN 111946346A CN 202010783787 A CN202010783787 A CN 202010783787A CN 111946346 A CN111946346 A CN 111946346A
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 40
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting, relates to the technical field of mining, and solves the problems of large mixing of mining surrounding rocks of a gently inclined ore body, low ore recovery rate and high mining cost in the existing ore mining; then, a triangular slowly-inclined ore body caving and stoping area is defined in the boundary surface of the slowly-inclined ore body, and a stoping and stoping roadway is arranged in the range of the area along the trend of the ore body; setting a top-caving medium-length hole in the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the ore body in the stoping access roadway, determining the depth of the top-caving medium-length hole according to the inclination angle of the ore body and the upper and lower horizontal ore rock boundary lines, controlling the blasting boundary of the ore rock, and blasting to strip the ore rock; according to the invention, the stoping route is arranged along the direction of the ore body, so that the excavation amount, the outward discharge amount and the rock blasting amount of the rock roadway are reduced, the backup mining time and cost are saved, the surrounding rock mixing is effectively reduced, and the resource recovery rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting.
Background
In the process of mining iron ores, steeply inclined thick ore body ores and surrounding rocks are stable, and mining is basically carried out by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method, however, as mining progresses, the ore body sometimes has a gradual trend to form a slowly inclined ore body, the boundary of the ore body is irregular, the mining of the slowly inclined ore body is a world-recognized mining problem, and the mining difficulty is increased due to poor stability of the ore rocks.
During the exploitation of gently sloping ore bodies by sill pillar-free sublevel caving, the following problems are generally encountered: firstly, after the thickness of an ore body is thinned, if a rock drilling route arrangement mode is kept perpendicular to the trend of the ore body, the length of each route is short, the number of rows of medium-length holes capable of being arranged in each route is small, the mining-cutting ratio is high, the construction period is long, the mining cost is high, the phenomenon of rock falling in advance after blasting occurs, the rock mixing rate is high, and the ore recovery rate is low; secondly, after the inclination angle of the ore body is reduced, the distance between the upper and lower subsections corresponding to the vein roadway is larger in the horizontal direction, the lower subsection is close to the upper plate direction to form a triangular area (as shown in figure 1), the triangular ore body is similar to a long and narrow thin ore body, the arrangement difficulty of mining engineering is large, and the ore removal efficiency is low. When the ore body in the triangular area is recovered by the traditional method, the blasting amount of part of rocks is inevitably increased in consideration of the fact that the top of the ore body needs to be put down when the ore body in the lower horizontal area is recovered, a large amount of rocks are mixed in the covering layer, the mixing of the rocks is increased in the recovery process, and the ore recovery rate is reduced, so that part of the ore body is generally discarded in the design process, and the problem of high ore body loss rate is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention provides a caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting, and aims to solve the problems of large mixing of mining surrounding rocks of a gentle dip ore body, low ore recovery rate and high mining cost in the existing ore mining.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose: a caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drawing an upper horizontal ore rock boundary line and a lower horizontal ore rock boundary line, and setting a plane where the upper horizontal ore rock boundary line and the lower horizontal ore rock boundary line are located as a gently inclined ore body boundary surface;
(2) a triangular slowly-inclined ore body caving stoping area is defined in the boundary surface of the slowly-inclined ore body;
(3) arranging a stoping access roadway along the trend of the ore body within the range of the slowly inclined ore body caving stoping area;
(4) setting a top-caving medium-length hole in the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the ore body in the stoping access roadway, wherein the top-caving medium-length hole is radially arranged in the stoping access roadway at a single radial center, determining the depth of the top-caving medium-length hole according to the inclination angle of the ore body and the boundary lines of upper and lower horizontal ore rocks, and controlling the blasting boundary of the ore rocks; (5) and setting a blasting top-caving scheme according to the top-caving medium-length hole to strip the ore rock.
Furthermore, after the ore rock is stripped, a low-dilution ore removal mode is adopted, and a part of ore is reserved at the level.
Furthermore, the thickness of the ore body in the triangular gently inclined ore body top-caving stoping area is 15-30 m.
Further, the blasting and top-caving scheme adopts a hole bottom detonation scheme.
And further, arranging a prospecting route perpendicular to the trend of the ore body at intervals of a plurality of routes to confirm the ore rock boundary of the inclined direction of the ore body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the roadway is arranged in the boundary area of the ore body along the trend of the ore body, the depth of a deep hole in the caving is designed by utilizing the geological ore rock boundary line of the ore body and the inclination angle of the ore body for explosive loading and blasting, so that the artificial suspended roof is formed, the rock blasting amount is reduced, the rock mixing is controlled, and the purpose of stripping the ore rock and caving is achieved; the traditional mining process is changed, the method is applicable to narrow and thin ore bodies, thick and large gently inclined ore bodies and small irregular ore body areas, and the popularization prospect is wide;
2. aiming at the long and narrow thin ore body, a withdrawal route along the trend of the ore body is arranged, and compared with the traditional vertical ore body trend tunnel, the method not only greatly reduces the amount of the mining preparation project and the amount of the roof caving medium-length hole rock drilling, but also greatly saves the preparation time of the mining preparation project and the standby mining source of the ore body; the blasting and caving problem of the ore rock boundary area is solved, and good effects of effectively stripping the ore rock and improving the resource recovery rate are achieved;
3. the mining approach is arranged along the trend of the ore body, so that the excavation amount, the outward discharge amount and the rock blasting amount of a rock roadway are reduced, the surrounding rock mixing is effectively reduced, the resource recovery rate is improved, the mining rate is improved to more than 85% in a certain practical application, compared with a vertical ore body trend process, the mining rate of the area is improved by about 30%, the dilution rate is reduced from about 20% to about 10%, and the surrounding rock mixing is reduced by about 10%.
4. The invention enriches and supplements the sill pillar-free sublevel caving mining process, and provides an effective technical method for the mining process of the difficultly mined ore body in the boundary area of the ore body, particularly the mining process of the approximately long, narrow and thin ore body.
5. The roadway is arranged along the direction of the ore body, the aim of ore rock stripping is achieved by adopting the controlled caving technology, an effective ore cushion layer and a covering layer are formed, good conditions are created for low-dilution ore drawing of the lower level, the ordered connection of the ore body stoping process is ensured, and the low-dilution ore drawing technology of the sill pillar-free sublevel caving method is enriched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gently sloping ore body and rock interface;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a slowly-inclined ore body and ore rock boundary withdrawal access roadway and a top-caving medium-length hole;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the state of rock stripping after blasting of the boundary of the gently inclined ore body and the rock.
Reference numerals: 1-ore rock, 2-boundary surface of slowly inclined ore body, 3-boundary line of upper and lower horizontal ore rocks, 4-triangular slowly inclined ore body caving stoping region, 5-normal ore body stoping region, 6-caving medium-length hole, 7-stoping route roadway, 8-goaf and 9-ore cushion layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and that the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The iron ore in a certain mining area belongs to a heavy-pitch thick ore body, the ore and surrounding rocks are stable, and the ore is mined by a sill pillar-free sublevel caving method. However, as mining progresses, the I-II ore body gradually inclines south and has a gradual trend, and the boundary part of the ore body is irregular; in addition, the occurrence form of ore bodies in western regions is irregular, the mining form is not ideal, the thickness of the ore bodies is about 20m, and the ore bodies can be defined as long, narrow and thin ore bodies. The scale and form of the underground long and narrow thin ore body are small, the change is large, a scientific and systematic mining method is lacked, the industrial mining difficulty is large, and the problems of large dilution rate, large loss rate and high cost of ore mining can be caused by using the traditional roadway prospecting method in the production prospecting stage.
With reference to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, a roof caving method using rock boundaries and blasting is used for roof caving mining, and the specific implementation manner is as follows:
(1) according to the geological condition of the ore body, drawing the boundary line of the upper horizontal ore rock 1 and the lower horizontal ore rock 1 according to the boundary of the ore rock 1 and the ore body, and setting the plane of the boundary line 3 of the upper horizontal ore rock and the lower horizontal ore rock as a gently inclined ore body boundary surface 2;
(2) a top-caving stoping area 4 of the slowly inclined ore body is internally and triangularly determined on the boundary surface 2 of the slowly inclined ore body; aiming at the current situation of stoping the ore body of the mining area at a certain level, the width (thickness) design parameter of the ore body of the triangular slowly-inclined ore body top-caving stoping area 4 is 15m, the ore body area exceeding the thickness of 15m is a normal ore body stoping area 5, and the inclination angle of the ore body is 45 degrees.
(3) Determining the design parameters of a back mining access roadway 7 to be 4.2m multiplied by 3.8m by combining the performance of equipment, wherein the roadway is arranged in the middle of a triangular slowly-inclined ore body top-caving back mining area 4 along the trend of an ore body;
(4) setting a top-caving medium-length hole 6 in the direction perpendicular to the trend of the ore body in an ore-drawing-back roadway 7, radially arranging the top-caving medium-length hole 6 in the ore-drawing-back roadway 7 in a single-radiation center, determining the depth of the top-caving medium-length hole 6 through the inclination angle of the ore body and the boundary lines 3 of upper and lower horizontal ore rocks, and controlling the blasting boundary of the ore rocks; by combining the performance of the existing using equipment, the drilling depth of the H1354 deep-hole rock drilling jumbo can reach 35 meters, the technical requirements are completely met, the side hole angle design can reach 15 degrees, and the line of the 6 rows of the top-caving medium-length holes is perpendicular to the direction of a stoping route and the direction of the trend of an ore body.
(5) Filling an initiating explosive charge in the top-caving medium-length hole 6, blasting and caving by adopting a hole bottom initiating scheme according to the setting of the top-caving medium-length hole 6, and stripping ore rocks, as shown in fig. 3, forming a goaf 8 in an original triangular slowly-inclined ore body top-caving stoping area 4 after the ore rocks are stripped, forming an ore cushion layer 9 on the ore body at the horizontal plane, reserving a part of ore at the horizontal plane by adopting a low dilution ore removal mode, forming an effective ore cushion layer and a covering layer, creating good conditions for low dilution ore removal at the lower horizontal plane, and ensuring the ordered connection of the ore body stoping process.
In order to more accurately confirm the ore rock boundary in the ore body inclination direction, an ore exploring drift (not shown in the figure) perpendicular to the trend of the ore body is arranged at intervals of 5 drift, and the ore exploring drift is perpendicular to the stoping drift roadway 7 and can be used as a subsequent mining loop.
In practical application, the ore body produced by the method of the invention has huge direct economic benefits:
(1) the recovery rate of the geological ore totally recovered by the ore body is 87.14 percent. Calculated according to the empirical value of the recovery rate of 55%, the recovery rate is improved by 32.14%, and the planned recovery of ore is 21.69 multiplied by 53.1%, which is 11.52 ten thousand tons. The actual mined ore is 7.38 million tons more than the planned mined ore.
(2) After the narrow and long thin ore body is mined, compared with the traditional mining method, the dilution rate is reduced from 21.1 percent to 8.98 percent, and 2.3 ten thousand tons of rocks are reduced;
(3) compared with the traditional vertical ore body mining process, the method has the advantages that the roadway is required to be excavated, and the excavation amount of the roadway is reduced by 60%.
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) drawing an upper horizontal ore rock boundary line and a lower horizontal ore rock boundary line, and setting a plane where the upper horizontal ore rock boundary line and the lower horizontal ore rock boundary line are located as a gently inclined ore body boundary surface;
(2) a triangular slowly-inclined ore body caving stoping area is defined in the boundary surface of the slowly-inclined ore body;
(3) arranging a stoping access roadway along the trend of the ore body within the range of the slowly inclined ore body caving stoping area;
(4) setting a top-caving medium-length hole in the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the ore body in the stoping access roadway, wherein the top-caving medium-length hole is radially arranged in the stoping access roadway at a single radial center, determining the depth of the top-caving medium-length hole according to the inclination angle of the ore body and the boundary lines of upper and lower horizontal ore rocks, and controlling the blasting boundary of the ore rocks;
(5) and setting a blasting top-caving scheme according to the top-caving medium-length hole to strip the ore rock.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ore rock is stripped and then a part of the ore is reserved at the level of low-dilution ore removal.
3. The caving method by using the combination of ore rock boundary and blasting according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ore body in the triangular gentle dip ore body caving and stoping area is 15-30 m.
4. The caving method using ore rock boundary and blasting in combination according to claim 1, wherein the blasting caving scheme employs a hole bottom initiation scheme.
5. A method of roof caving using a combination of ore rock boundary and blasting according to claim 1, wherein a prospecting ore route perpendicular to the ore body trend is arranged at intervals of several routes to confirm the ore rock boundary of the ore body trend direction.
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| CN202010783787.9A CN111946346A (en) | 2020-08-06 | 2020-08-06 | Roof caving method combining ore rock boundary and blasting |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101424186A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Method for recovering disc ore on incline ore block |
| CN107035372A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-11 | 临沂会宝岭铁矿有限公司 | A kind of moat ditch formula polycrystalline substance enters trackside peak abutment post recovery method |
| CN108952725A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-07 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of low dilution mining methods suitable for slight slope and thin ore body |
-
2020
- 2020-08-06 CN CN202010783787.9A patent/CN111946346A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101424186A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2009-05-06 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Method for recovering disc ore on incline ore block |
| CN107035372A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-08-11 | 临沂会宝岭铁矿有限公司 | A kind of moat ditch formula polycrystalline substance enters trackside peak abutment post recovery method |
| CN108952725A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2018-12-07 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of low dilution mining methods suitable for slight slope and thin ore body |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 龚文柏等: "镜铁山矿倾斜矿体上盘边角矿回采方案研究", 《金属矿山》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201117 |