CN111946327A - Digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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Abstract
The invention discloses a digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device, which belongs to the electronic indicator diagram technology of an oil pumping unit in an oil field in the field of oil extraction engineering. The invention adopts a novel indicator diagram data acquisition mode, aims at the mechanical structure and the working principle of the beam-pumping unit, acquires the swing angle of the beam and calculates the stroke through the angle sensor, acquires the displacement data of the polished rod and calculates the load through the displacement sensor, solves the problem of outdoor open-air temperature difference interference and impact interference which cannot be overcome by the existing sensor because the two parameters of the stroke and the load are direct digital values, and has the advantages of long service life, low cost, strong anti-interference performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the electronic indicator technology of an oil pumping unit in an oil field in the field of oil extraction engineering, and particularly relates to a digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device.
Background
The indicator diagram can reflect the working condition of the deep well pump, is measured by a special instrument and is drawn on a coordinate diagram, and the area enclosed by the closed line segments represents the drawing of the work done by the pumping unit during one reciprocating motion of the horse head. The method is characterized in that an indicator diagram is analyzed and explained, which is a main means for directly knowing the working condition of the deep well pump, not only can all abnormal phenomena in the working of the deep well pump be visually reflected on the indicator diagram, but also relevant data can be combined to analyze and judge whether the working system of an oil well is reasonable and whether oil pumping equipment is adaptive to the properties of an oil layer and crude oil, reasonable well opening and closing time can be set for low-yield and low-energy wells through an indicator diagram method, the abrasion of the equipment and the waste of electric energy are reduced, and therefore, the accurate drawing of the indicator diagram is of great importance.
The ordinate of the indicator diagram of the rod-pumped well represents the load of the polish rod, the abscissa represents the displacement stroke of the polish rod, and the power meter correspondingly draws a functional relation curve of the load and the displacement of the polish rod in the up-stroke and the next stroke of the plunger, namely the indicator diagram, which can be summarized as the work done by the piston of the deep-well pump in unit time, namely the amount of discharged liquid. In the prior art, the drawing method of the indicator diagram graph is divided into two drawing methods of a mechanical indicator and an electronic indicator device, wherein:
the mechanical indicator is measured by using a mechanical displacement method, so that inherent defects of a mechanical measuring instrument are brought, for example, a part which senses the pressure in a cylinder and reflects the displacement of a piston in an engine indicator diagram has certain mass (strength requirement), and the spring stiffness of the mechanical indicator cannot be too high (sensitivity requirement), so that the mechanical indicator is very low in natural vibration frequency, is not suitable for a high-speed internal combustion engine, and is only suitable for a low-speed machine and a part of a medium-speed machine (for example, the internal combustion engine with the rotating speed of less than 400 r/min). At present, a mechanical indicator is widely used as a random test instrument on a large low-speed marine diesel engine for monitoring the operation of the diesel engine.
The electronic power indicator parameter acquisition mode is divided into piezoelectric type, resistance strain type, the acquisition mode of three kinds of pressure sensor of capacitanc, wherein: the measurement of the indicator diagram load of the oil pumping unit generally adopts a piezoelectric pressure sensor, which is a sensor taking the piezoelectric effect as the working principle and is an electromechanical conversion type sensor and a self-generating type sensor. Its sensitive element is made of piezoelectric ceramic material with piezoelectric effect, and when the piezoelectric material is acted by external force, its surface can form electric charge, and after the electric charge can be amplified by means of charge amplifier and measuring circuit and converted into impedance, it can be converted into electric quantity output in the direct proportion relation with the external force. It is a non-electro-physical quantity used to measure force and that can be converted into force, such as acceleration and pressure. This type of sensor has the following disadvantages: 1) the piezoelectric sensor is easily influenced by external interference, and vibration has obvious influence on the piezoelectric sensor, particularly in small pressure measurement. 2) The influence of temperature is obvious, the sensitivity is reduced along with the increase of temperature, and the increase of temperature generates thermal expansion to change the pretightening force of the crystal, so that the output of the sensor generates drift.
At present, the most advanced indicator diagram sensor of the load and displacement integrated machine used on the oil pumping unit in the oil field adopts a piezoelectric ceramic pressure sensor, and the defects are as follows: 1) the displacement measurement principle is that the pressure of the known object mass is measured according to F ═ ma to calculate the acceleration, the acceleration is the displacement after the second integration, and the displacement measurement has a large error when the stroke frequency of the pumping unit is lower than 2 times/time-sharing; 2) the piezoelectric sensor can not be applied to static measurement because the charge after being subjected to the action of external force can be stored when the loop has infinite input resistance, but actually the charge is not the same, so the piezoelectric sensor can only be applied to dynamic measurement, the upper dead point and the lower dead point of the horsehead of the pumping unit are just in an instantaneous static state in the movement process, and the measured load and displacement errors are very large; 3) the load sensor is made of a single chip microcomputer and limited by various factors such as capacity communication and the like, the collection point number of vertical and horizontal coordinate data of a diagram graph is generally only 220-280 points, the precision is not high, the measurement precision is generally only 70-80% in calculation of liquid production amount in measurement and calculation, the time for generating a diagram is 7-10 minutes, and the real-time ratio is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device, which adopts a novel indicator diagram data acquisition mode, and aims at the mechanical structure and the working principle of a beam pumping unit, acquires the swing angle of a beam and calculates the displacement through an angle sensor, acquires the displacement data of a polished rod and calculates the load through a displacement sensor, and overcomes the temperature difference interference and the impact interference of the existing sensor because two parameters of the load and the displacement are direct digital quantities, and has the advantages of long service life, low cost, strong anti-interference performance and the like.
The invention solves the problems through the following technical means:
the utility model provides a digital high accuracy indicator diagram data acquisition device installs on beam-pumping unit, its characterized in that, includes angle sensor and displacement sensor, wherein: the angle sensor is mounted on a mounting shaft of the walking beam and used for acquiring the rotation angle of the walking beam, and the processor calculates the stroke of the polish rod based on the rotation angle and an arc length formula; the displacement sensor is arranged on the rope hanger and used for acquiring the relative displacement of the rope hanger and the polished rod in a bearing state when the horse head moves up and down, and the processor calculates the load of the polished rod based on the relative displacement and Hooke's law; the processor completes acquisition of indicator diagram data of the rod-pumped well based on the stroke and load data of the polished rod.
Preferably, the installation axle is rotatable to be installed in the frame, the bearing housing is installed at the top of frame, and the outside cover of installation axle is equipped with the bearing that matches with the bearing housing, angle sensor installs at the installation axle end.
Preferably, the polished rod eye includes down the load link plate, goes up load link plate and spring, wherein: the middle end of the steel wire rope is fixed on the horse head of the walking beam, and the other two ends of the steel wire rope are fixed on the lower load hanging plate; the upper load hanging plate is arranged on the lower load hanging plate in a floating manner through a spring; one end of the polish rod is clamped by the slips and suspended on the upper load hanging plate, the other end of the polish rod sequentially penetrates through the upper load hanging plate and the lower load hanging plate and is connected with the lower sucker rod, and the displacement sensor is installed between the upper load hanging plate and the slips or between the upper load hanging plate and the lower load hanging plate.
Preferably, the steel wire rope load-hanging device further comprises a limiting head arranged at the bottom of the steel wire rope, and the limiting head is used for fixing the steel wire rope and the lower load-hanging plate.
Preferably, the device also comprises a slip arranged at the top of the polish rod, and the slip is used for clamping and suspending the polish rod on the upper load hanging plate.
Preferably, the middle part of the lower load hanging plate is provided with a lower middle hole for accommodating the polished rod, and two sides of the lower load hanging plate are provided with lower side holes for accommodating the steel wire rope.
Preferably, the middle part of the upper load hanging plate is provided with an upper middle hole for accommodating the polished rod, and two sides of the upper load hanging plate are provided with upper side holes for accommodating the steel wire rope.
Preferably, the top surface of the lower load hanging plate and the bottom surface of the upper load hanging plate are provided with spring seats for mounting springs.
Preferably, the angle sensor comprises a rotary encoder.
Preferably, the displacement sensor comprises a pull wire encoder.
The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device has the following beneficial effects:
1) the two parameters of load and displacement in the acquisition device are direct digital values, so that the field temperature difference interference and impact interference which cannot be resisted by the conventional sensor are overcome, the service life is long, and the acquisition device has strong anti-interference performance.
2) The acquisition device is high in precision and strong in real-time performance, and the chart is fast. The accuracy of the indicator diagram system can be improved by simply selecting the pulse number of the encoder, and the diagram can be obtained by one stroke.
3) The acquisition device can draw a high-precision indicator graph, the number of points acquired by the indicator graph, namely the fineness of the graph can be changed by simply adjusting the interruption times of the PLC through a program, the measurement precision can be obviously improved in the calculation of the liquid production amount in the indicator graph measurement and calculation, and the acquisition device has important economic value.
4) The acquisition device can utilize the load and displacement digital parameter format 'CSV' acquired by the PLC to carry out self-processing, storage and transmission, and is easier to access the Internet of things.
5) The acquisition device is simple in structure, long in service life and low in cost, and is 1/10-1/3 of a traditional indicator diagram acquisition instrument.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a functional diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the angle sensor mounting of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first schematic view of the mounting of the displacement sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the rope hanger of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a second mounting schematic of the displacement sensor of the present invention.
The device comprises an angle sensor 1, a displacement sensor 2, a walking beam 3, a mounting shaft 4, a bearing sleeve 401, a bearing 402, a rope hanger 5, a lower load hanging plate 501, an upper load hanging plate 502, a spring 503, a limiting head 504, a slip 505, a slip 5011 lower middle hole, a 5012 lower side hole, a 5021 upper middle hole, a 5022 upper side hole, a 5031 spring seat, a steel wire rope 6, a polish rod 7, a rack 8, a connecting rod 9 and a crank driving mechanism 10.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device is installed on a beam-pumping unit, and the core components of the digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device include an angle sensor 1 and a displacement sensor 2, in fig. 1, the angle sensor 1 is installed on an installation shaft 4 of a walking beam 3 and is used for acquiring a rotation angle n degrees of the walking beam 3, and the displacement sensor 2 is installed on a rope hanger 5 and is used for acquiring a relative displacement x between the rope hanger 5 and a polished rod 7 in a bearing state.
The polished rod eye is a flexible connecting device of a horse head and a polished rod, and has the effects that the polished rod can be located at the center of a well head in reciprocating motion, the motion of the sucker rod is always kept tangent to the arc surface of the horse head, the polished rod eye bears the weight of the sucker rod and the weight of a liquid column above a piston, and alternating loads such as vibration, inertia, friction and the like, and the polished rod eye is used for acquiring the relative displacement of the upper load hanging plate relative to the lower load hanging plate in a bearing state.
Specifically, the walking beam 3 is arranged on the frame 3 and is driven by the connecting rod 9 and the crank driving mechanism 10 to regularly swing. During actual work, the processor calculates the stroke of the polish rod 7 based on the rotation angle n degrees and the arc length formula, then calculates the load of the polish rod 7 based on the relative displacement x and the hooke's law, and finally completes the acquisition of indicator diagram data of the rod-pumped well based on the stroke and load data of the polish rod 7.
In this embodiment, the angle sensor may be a rotary encoder or other angle detecting sensor, the displacement sensor may be a pull wire encoder or other displacement detecting sensor, and the processor may be an S7-200 SMART CPU PLC or other processor.
It should be specifically noted that the pumping unit indicator diagram is drawn by only two parameters, one is the displacement of the abscissa, i.e., the stroke, and the other is the load of the ordinate, i.e., the kilo-newton (KN). The load measurement of the invention is carried out by the principle of a spring dynamometer, which is hooke's law. Hooke's law is one of basic laws of mechanics, and is applicable to the law of elasticity of all solid materials, and hooke's law points out that: within the elastic limit, the deformation of an object is proportional to the external force causing the deformation. The expression hooke's law is F ═ k · x, where k is a constant, and is the stiffness coefficient of the object, which is determined by the properties of the material. In the international system of units, the unit of F is cattle, the unit of x is meter, which is the amount of deformation, and the unit of k is cattle/meter. The stiffness coefficient is numerically equal to the spring force per unit length of extension or contraction of the spring. Therefore, the load can be calculated by measuring the deformation quantity of the spring according to F ═ k · x by an encoder (a device for directly converting displacement into pulse number) mounted on the rope hanger, and the value of the deformation quantity is directly the digital pulse number, so that the load can be directly read and calculated by a PLC high-speed counting port. The displacement in the indicator diagram is the stroke of the beam-pumping unit, and according to the structural principle of the beam-pumping unit, such as the drawing, the stroke is equal to the arc length, and according to the arc length calculation formula, L is equal to n degrees (central angle degrees) x pi (circumference rate) x r (radius)/180, and the stroke can be calculated as long as the central angle is measured. Therefore, the center angle can be measured by installing an encoder at the center of the rotating shaft of the walking beam, the pulse number is directly read through a PLC high-speed counting port, the center angle is calculated through a formula of n degrees (reading the pulse number) multiplied by 360 degrees/resolution of the encoder, and then the center angle is substituted into an arc length formula to calculate the arc length, namely the stroke, as shown in figure 2.
Specifically, the Siemens S7-200 SMART CPU V2.0 PLC is used for supporting the function of a data log to collect the load and displacement of the indicator diagram, the data record generally refers to a group of data which are sorted according to date and time, and each record is a set of process data of some process events. These records may contain time and date labels. The user may save the process data record to the memory of the CPU under program control. The pulse number of an encoder for measuring the stroke on a walking beam rotating shaft is used for interruption, a group of corresponding load and stroke values are recorded by using a trigger call (DATx _ WRITE) command, the group of values form a point on an indicator diagram, the number of points acquired by the indicator diagram can be adjusted in one stroke by changing the number of the interrupted pulses, and the more the points are, the higher the fineness of the diagram is. Uploading a copy of the Data log from the CPU to a connected PC or PG using an Upload Data log (uploaddata Logs) command, the uploaded Data log file being in the format of CSV (comma separated value), suitable for use with a text editor or spreadsheet tool such as Microsoft Excel, more suitable for storage in a database and display on a human-machine screen, and displaying a dynamometer graphic using third party software such as ExcelLine, Origin software.
As shown in fig. 3, the mounting shaft 4 is rotatably mounted on the frame 8, a bearing housing 401 is mounted on the top of the frame 8, a bearing 402 matched with the bearing housing 401 is sleeved outside the mounting shaft 4, and the angle sensor 1 is mounted at the end of the mounting shaft 4.
As shown in fig. 4, the rope hanger 5 includes a lower load hanging plate 501, an upper load hanging plate 502 and a spring 503, wherein: the middle end of the steel wire rope 6 is fixed on the horse head of the walking beam 3, and the other two ends of the steel wire rope 6 are fixed on the lower load hanging plate 501; the upper load hanging plate 502 is arranged on the lower load hanging plate 501 in a floating way through a spring 503; one end of the polish rod 7 is clamped by slips and suspended on the upper load hanging plate 502, and the other end of the polish rod 7 sequentially passes through the upper load hanging plate 502 and the lower load hanging plate 501 and is connected with the lower sucker rod. Specifically, the device further comprises a limiting head 504 arranged at the bottom of the steel wire rope 6 and a slip 505 arranged at the top of the polished rod 7, wherein the limiting head 504 is used for fixing the steel wire rope 6 and the lower load hanging plate 501, and the slip 505 is used for clamping and suspending the polished rod 7 on the upper load hanging plate 502.
As shown in fig. 5, a lower center hole 5011 for receiving the polished rod 7 is provided in the middle of the lower load hanging plate 501, and lower side holes 5012 for receiving the wire ropes 6 are provided at both sides of the lower load hanging plate 501. An upper middle hole 5021 for accommodating the polished rod 7 is arranged in the middle of the upper load hanging plate 502, and upper side holes 5022 for accommodating the steel wire rope 6 are arranged on two sides of the upper load hanging plate 502. The top surface of the lower load hanging plate 501 and the bottom surface of the upper load hanging plate 502 are both provided with a spring seat 5031 for mounting a spring 503, the spring seat 5031 is a cylindrical shell with a flange, and the flange is provided with a mounting hole and is mounted on the lower load hanging plate 501 or the upper load hanging plate 502 through a screw and the mounting hole. As shown in fig. 6, the rope hanger 5 is another type, the displacement sensor 2 is installed between the lower load hanging plate 501 and the upper load hanging plate 502 for detecting the relative movement of the lower load hanging plate 501 and the upper load hanging plate 502, and the spring 503 is installed between the lower load hanging plate 501 and the upper load hanging plate 502, so that the deformation of the spring 503 can be detected by the displacement sensor 2.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a digital high accuracy indicator diagram data acquisition device, installs on beam-pumping unit, its characterized in that, includes angle sensor (1) and displacement sensor (2), wherein:
the angle sensor (1) is installed on an installation shaft (4) of the walking beam (3) and used for acquiring a rotation angle (n degrees) of the walking beam (3), and the processor calculates the stroke of the polish rod (7) relative to the ground based on the rotation angle (n degrees) and an arc length formula;
the displacement sensor (2) is arranged on the rope hanger (5) and used for acquiring the relative displacement (x) of the rope hanger (5) and the polished rod (7) in a bearing state when the horse head moves up and down, and the processor calculates the load of the polished rod (7) based on the relative displacement (x) and Hooke's law;
the processor completes the acquisition of indicator diagram data of the rod-pumped well based on the stroke and load data of the polished rod (7).
2. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the mounting shaft (4) is rotatably mounted on a frame (8), a bearing sleeve (401) is mounted on the top of the frame (8), a bearing (402) matched with the bearing sleeve (401) is sleeved outside the mounting shaft (4), and the angle sensor (1) is mounted at the end of the mounting shaft (4).
3. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the rope hanger (5) comprises a lower load hanging plate (501), an upper load hanging plate (502) and a spring (503), wherein:
the middle end of the steel wire rope (6) is fixed on the horse head of the walking beam (3), and the other two ends of the steel wire rope (6) are fixed on the lower load hanging plate (501);
the upper load hanging plate (502) is arranged on the lower load hanging plate (501) in a floating manner through a spring (503);
one end of the polish rod (7) is fixed on the upper load hanging plate (502), and the other end of the polish rod (7) sequentially penetrates through the upper load hanging plate (502) and the lower load hanging plate (501) and is connected with the lower sucker rod;
the displacement sensor (2) is arranged between the lower load hanging plate (501) and the upper load hanging plate (502).
4. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 3, further comprising a limiting head (504) installed at the bottom of the steel wire rope (6), wherein the limiting head (504) is used for fixing the steel wire rope (6) and the lower load hanging plate (501).
5. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 3, further comprising slips (505) arranged on the top of the polished rod (7), wherein the slips (505) are used for clamping and suspending the polished rod (7) on the upper load hanging plate (502).
6. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 3, wherein a lower middle hole (5011) for accommodating the polished rod (7) is formed in the middle of the lower load hanging plate (501), and lower side holes (5012) for accommodating the steel wire rope (6) are formed in two sides of the lower load hanging plate (501).
7. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 3, wherein an upper middle hole (5021) for accommodating a polished rod (7) is formed in the middle of the upper load hanging plate (502), and upper side holes (5022) for accommodating steel wire ropes (6) are formed in two sides of the upper load hanging plate (502).
8. The device for acquiring the digitized high-precision indicator diagram data according to claim 3, wherein the top surface of the lower load hanging plate (501) and the bottom surface of the upper load hanging plate (502) are respectively provided with a spring seat (5031) for mounting a spring (503).
9. The digitized high precision indicator diagram data acquisition device of claim 1 wherein the angle sensor comprises a rotary encoder.
10. The digital high-precision indicator diagram data acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the displacement sensor comprises a pull-wire encoder.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112502699A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-03-16 | 方永和 | Oil pumping well load interference communication device and communication method thereof |
| CN113027422A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and system for measuring indicator diagram of rod-pumped well based on video analysis |
| CN113863918A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-31 | 沈阳汽车刮水器厂 | Beam-pumping unit balance rate monitoring method and device based on electric energy method |
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| CN113027422A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and system for measuring indicator diagram of rod-pumped well based on video analysis |
| CN113863918A (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2021-12-31 | 沈阳汽车刮水器厂 | Beam-pumping unit balance rate monitoring method and device based on electric energy method |
| CN113863918B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-12-29 | 沈阳中海石油设备制造有限公司 | Balance rate monitoring method and device for beam pumping unit based on electric energy method |
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