CN111945003A - Precious metal recovery method for three-way catalytic converter with ceramic carrier - Google Patents
Precious metal recovery method for three-way catalytic converter with ceramic carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN111945003A CN111945003A CN202010692080.7A CN202010692080A CN111945003A CN 111945003 A CN111945003 A CN 111945003A CN 202010692080 A CN202010692080 A CN 202010692080A CN 111945003 A CN111945003 A CN 111945003A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/005—Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/026—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
A precious metal recovery method for a three-way catalytic converter with a ceramic carrier can solve the technical problems of high cost, low recovery rate, secondary pollution and the need of additional environmental protection measures in the conventional recovery method. A precious metal recovery method of a three-way catalytic converter with a ceramic carrier is characterized in that a purification block is arranged in the three-way catalytic converter, the purification block is formed by bonding a precious metal catalyst to the ceramic carrier through a bonding agent, and the recovery method comprises the following steps: crushing the purification block in an environment with the temperature of below-30 ℃ to obtain purification block powder; the purification block powder mainly comprises noble metal catalyst powder, binder powder and ceramic carrier powder; and step two, dumping the crushed purification block powder obtained in the step one, blowing the purification block powder in the falling process, and separating the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder to obtain the noble metal catalyst powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precious metal recovery of three-way catalysts, in particular to a precious metal recovery method of a three-way catalyst with a ceramic carrier.
Background
China is a large country for automobile production, and the quantity of automobiles is up to 3000 thousands, which generates huge pressure on environmental protection. In order to reduce the exhaust emission of vehicles, the vehicles are provided with three-way catalysts to purify the exhaust. Because the three-way catalytic converter has service life limitation, according to incomplete statistics, about 500 million three-way catalytic converters are scrapped every year, each catalytic converter contains about 3 g of noble metal platinum, rhodium and palladium and has a value of about 600 yuan, and if the noble metals are completely scrapped, about 30 hundred million RMB are directly lost, so that the recovery of the noble metals of the three-way catalytic converter draws high attention, and various recovery processes are developed.
The carrier of the three-way catalyst comprises ceramic and metal, and at present, the precious metal recovery process and method of the three-way catalyst with the ceramic carrier are divided into two main types: wet recovery and pyrogenic recovery.
The wet recovery is to dissolve the carrier with sulfuric acid, to leave the noble metal in the residue, and then to leach with chlorine and hydrochloric acid. The pyrometallurgical recovery relates to the steps of smelting of ceramic carriers, enrichment of precious metals in metal collectors, acid liquor leaching and the like. The two processes have the following two characteristics: the process is complex and the cost is high; secondary pollution, and additional environmental protection measures are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a precious metal recovery method for a three-way catalytic converter with a ceramic carrier, which can solve the technical problems of high cost, low recovery rate, secondary pollution and extra environmental protection measures in the conventional recovery method.
The technical scheme is that the precious metal recovery method of the three-way catalyst with the ceramic carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
crushing the purification block in an environment with the temperature of below-30 ℃ to obtain purification block powder;
or cooling the purification block to below-30 ℃, and crushing the purification block to obtain purification block powder;
the purification block powder mainly comprises noble metal catalyst powder, binder powder and ceramic carrier powder;
and step two, dumping the crushed purification block powder obtained in the step one, blowing the purification block powder in the falling process, and separating the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder to obtain the noble metal catalyst powder.
Further, in the first step, the purification block is crushed by a low-temperature crusher, and the crushing temperature is controlled to be-40 to-100 ℃.
Further, the precious metal recovery method further comprises a third step of repeating the first step and the second step on the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder for treatment.
According to the precious metal recovery method, the low-temperature brittleness of the ceramic carrier and the binder is utilized, the purification block is crushed at low temperature, and the ceramic carrier, the binder and the precious metal are physically separated; mechanically separating the ceramic carrier and the binder by a blower by utilizing the specific gravity difference between the ceramic carrier and the binder and the noble metal catalyst; the precious metal recovery method disclosed by the invention is simple in overall operation, the recovery cost can be greatly reduced, and the recovery rate can reach more than 90; no waste water and waste gas are generated, secondary pollution is avoided, and the generated waste is fine-particle aluminum oxide and a very small amount of solid high molecular compounds and can be further recycled; the three-way catalyst recovery point can be operated in situ without space and location constraints.
Detailed Description
The recovered waste three-way catalytic converters mainly have brands of Berlese, Xingxing, Jinjeget, first line, hadike, Greyun, era automobile, road access and the like. Taking a Keyley Boley three-way catalyst as an example, about 3 grams of precious metal is contained. The content of most brands of noble metals in China is basically at the level. The content of noble metal of the three-way catalytic converter of the original truck is a little higher, but the quantity of the recovered waste three-way catalytic converter is less. The waste three-way catalyst of burley is adopted in the following embodiment of the invention.
A precious metal recovery method of a three-way catalytic converter with a ceramic carrier is provided, wherein a purification block is arranged in the three-way catalytic converter, the purification block is formed by bonding a precious metal catalyst to the ceramic carrier through a bonding agent, and the recovery method comprises the following steps:
taking out the purification block from the three-way catalyst, primarily crushing (the particle size is 10-100 mm) to meet the loading requirement of a low-temperature crusher, loading the purification block into a 550-type liquid nitrogen cooling low-temperature crusher for crushing, wherein the temperature of the low-temperature crusher is set at-40 ℃, and crushing the purification block to be less than 100 meshes to obtain purification block powder, wherein the purification block powder mainly comprises precious metal catalyst powder, binder powder and ceramic carrier powder;
and step two, dumping the crushed purification block powder obtained in the step one, blowing the purification block powder in the falling process by electric blowing at a wind speed of 15 m/s (which can be adjusted within a range of 10-20 m/s according to the particle size of the powder), and separating the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder to obtain the noble metal catalyst powder.
Wherein the specific gravity of different materials in the purifier is as follows, the ceramic carrier (aluminum oxide) is 3.8g/cm3Binder: 1.2 g/cm3(the three-way catalysts of different models adopt different binders, but the specific gravities of the three-way catalysts are all greatly smaller than those of platinum, rhodium and palladium), and the weight ratio of platinum: 21.45 g/cm3Rhodium: 12.44 g/cm3And, palladium: 12.02 g/cm3。
The above recovery method of the present invention can separate the mixture of three noble metals from the carrier, but the three metals are not separated from each other, and the recovery rate means the recovery rate of the mixture of three noble metals. The incoming material (purifier) weight was first weighed and 3 grams of the total amount of three precious metals were predicted for each purifier, and if 270 grams of the precious metal mixture was obtained after processing 100 purifiers, the recovery was 90%.
Recovery = calculated precious metal mixture weight/predicted precious metal mixture weight should be contained.
The following table shows the measured data and the recovery calculation
| Batches of | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Number of purifiers, number | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| Obtaining the precious metal, g | 275 | 273 | 274 |
| Percent recovery rate% | 91.67 | 91.00 | 91.33 |
The average recovery rate of the noble metal catalyst reaches 91 percent.
The ceramic carrier and the binder have great brittleness at low temperature, the binder is broken to separate the carrier from the noble metal during breaking, and the three-way catalytic converters with different types of ceramic carriers have different breaking temperatures and are adjusted and determined through multiple experiments.
Wherein, the mixture of the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder obtained in the second step is also doped with noble metal catalyst powder, and the mixture can be recycled by repeating the first step and the second step again.
In addition, although the three-way catalytic converter has a plurality of brands, the carrier material is basically the same, the specific gravity of the adhesive is not large, and the adhesive is different from each manufacturer and the brand carrier in shape, so that the low-temperature crushing treatment temperature is not large in difference, and in practical application, various brands of purifiers can be mixed together and crushed without being classified according to brands.
Claims (3)
1. A precious metal recovery method of a three-way catalytic converter with a ceramic carrier is characterized in that a purification block is arranged in the three-way catalytic converter, the purification block is formed by bonding a precious metal catalyst to the ceramic carrier through a bonding agent, and the recovery method comprises the following steps:
crushing the purification block in an environment with the temperature of below-30 ℃ to obtain purification block powder;
or cooling the purification block to below-30 ℃, and crushing the purification block to obtain purification block powder;
the purification block powder mainly comprises noble metal catalyst powder, binder powder and ceramic carrier powder;
and step two, dumping the crushed purification block powder obtained in the step one, blowing the purification block powder in the falling process, and separating the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder to obtain the noble metal catalyst powder.
2. The method for recovering noble metals of a three-way catalyst with a ceramic carrier according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the purification block is crushed by a low-temperature crusher, and the crushing temperature is controlled to be-40 to-100 ℃.
3. The method for recovering noble metals of a three-way catalyst with a ceramic carrier according to claim 1, wherein: the precious metal recovery method further comprises a third step of repeating the first step and the second step on the binder powder and the ceramic carrier powder for treatment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010692080.7A CN111945003A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Precious metal recovery method for three-way catalytic converter with ceramic carrier |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010692080.7A CN111945003A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Precious metal recovery method for three-way catalytic converter with ceramic carrier |
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| CN202010692080.7A Pending CN111945003A (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2020-07-17 | Precious metal recovery method for three-way catalytic converter with ceramic carrier |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116065029A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-05-05 | 河北程睿环保集团有限公司 | Process for extracting noble metal from three-way catalyst |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3803804A1 (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-08-17 | Maier B Maschf Gmbh Co Kg | Method for comminuting ceramic catalyst bodies, in particular from motor vehicle exhaust systems |
| DE4105224C1 (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1992-02-27 | H.J.S. Fahrzeugteile-Fabrik Gmbh & Co, 5750 Menden, De | Recovery of precious metal(s) from catalyst - comprises coating ceramic oxide on metal foil which is detachable |
| JPH06205993A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1994-07-26 | Ear Europ Autocat Recycling Gmbh | Method for selection of metal catalyst carrier and apparatus thereof |
| CN1526838A (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-09-08 | 日矿金属株式会社 | Selecting processing method for catalyst carrier |
| JP2010069351A (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | Method of concentrating platinum group catalyst from automobile exhaust converter |
| CN103320618A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 扬州大学 | Physical separation and bioleaching united method for recovering precious metal from waste circuit board |
| CN103773960A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Dry method recovery process of re-integrated waste industrial catalyst and device thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-07-17 CN CN202010692080.7A patent/CN111945003A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3803804A1 (en) * | 1988-02-09 | 1989-08-17 | Maier B Maschf Gmbh Co Kg | Method for comminuting ceramic catalyst bodies, in particular from motor vehicle exhaust systems |
| DE4105224C1 (en) * | 1991-02-20 | 1992-02-27 | H.J.S. Fahrzeugteile-Fabrik Gmbh & Co, 5750 Menden, De | Recovery of precious metal(s) from catalyst - comprises coating ceramic oxide on metal foil which is detachable |
| JPH06205993A (en) * | 1991-07-09 | 1994-07-26 | Ear Europ Autocat Recycling Gmbh | Method for selection of metal catalyst carrier and apparatus thereof |
| CN1526838A (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-09-08 | 日矿金属株式会社 | Selecting processing method for catalyst carrier |
| JP2010069351A (en) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology | Method of concentrating platinum group catalyst from automobile exhaust converter |
| CN103320618A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-09-25 | 扬州大学 | Physical separation and bioleaching united method for recovering precious metal from waste circuit board |
| CN103773960A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Dry method recovery process of re-integrated waste industrial catalyst and device thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 张明顺: "《电子废物资源化技术与管理》", 31 August 2016 * |
| 黄忠秀: "《船舶与港口水域防污染》", 31 July 1999 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116065029A (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2023-05-05 | 河北程睿环保集团有限公司 | Process for extracting noble metal from three-way catalyst |
| CN116065029B (en) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-09-20 | 河北程睿环保集团有限公司 | Process for extracting noble metal from three-way catalyst |
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Application publication date: 20201117 |