CN111705223B - Method for co-processing lead glass and waste catalyst - Google Patents
Method for co-processing lead glass and waste catalyst Download PDFInfo
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- CN111705223B CN111705223B CN202010601183.8A CN202010601183A CN111705223B CN 111705223 B CN111705223 B CN 111705223B CN 202010601183 A CN202010601183 A CN 202010601183A CN 111705223 B CN111705223 B CN 111705223B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/025—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper, or baths
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/002—Use of waste materials, e.g. slags
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0036—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing SiO2, Al2O3 and a divalent metal oxide as main constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C10/00—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition
- C03C10/0063—Devitrified glass ceramics, i.e. glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition containing waste materials, e.g. slags
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/026—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts
- C22B11/028—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from spent catalysts using solid sorbents, e.g. getters or catchment gauzes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
- C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and particularly discloses a method for cooperatively treating lead glass and a waste catalyst. The recovery method comprises the steps of mixing lead glass, a waste catalyst, calcium oxide and a reducing agent, smelting at 1300-1500 ℃, blowing argon gas to enhance metal capture at the top of the melt, pouring the upper-layer glass melt into water after smelting to form base glass particles, sintering the base glass to obtain microcrystalline glass, enriching metals such as Pt, Pd, Rh in crude lead, and separating precious metals through oxidation smelting subsequently. The method for the co-processing of the lead glass and the waste catalyst can efficiently extract the noble metals in the waste automobile catalyst, simultaneously utilizes the component characteristics of the lead glass and the waste catalyst to prepare the microcrystalline glass product with high added value, simultaneously solves the pollution problem of the lead glass, and has obvious environmental and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a method for the cooperative treatment of lead glass and a waste catalyst.
Background
The automobile exhaust catalyst mainly plays a role in converting CO and CH in automobile exhaust x And NO x Conversion to non-toxic CO 2 、H 2 O and N 2 . Currently, the catalyst most widely used in automobiles is a catalyst using cordierite as a carrier, and platinum group metal particles are coated on the surface of the carrier. In thatIn the long-term use process of the catalyst, the platinum group metal loses the catalytic activity thereof due to the pollution and the coating of the impurities, and becomes a dead catalyst. A large amount of waste automobile catalysts are generated in China every year and are important platinum group metal secondary resources. At present, the methods for recovering platinum group metals from waste automobile catalysts mainly comprise pyrometallurgical method, wet method and combined fire-wet method. Among the pyrometallurgical processes, there are plasma smelting, metal trapping, pyrogenic chlorination, high temperature volatilization and incineration. Because of the high melting point of the catalyst, high temperature heating is usually required during the pyrogenic process, and large amounts of fluxing agents and collectors need to be added. The slag phase after smelting contains a large amount of sensible heat, the prior art mostly only focuses on the recovery of platinum group metals, and the utilization of the molten slag phase is neglected. For example, patent document No. 201810185054.8 discloses "a method for recovering noble metal platinum from automobile waste catalyst by a fire method", which comprises melting at a high temperature of 1600-.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for the cooperative disposal of lead glass and a waste catalyst, which is used for extracting platinum group metals in the waste automobile catalyst, and simultaneously preparing lead-containing glass and other components of the waste automobile catalyst into microcrystalline glass with high added value, so as to realize the harmless and high-value recovery of the lead glass and the waste automobile catalyst.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for the cooperative disposal of lead glass and a waste catalyst comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing lead glass and a waste catalyst to 0.074-0.178 mm; lead glass, waste catalyst, calcium oxide and reducer anthracite are uniformly mixed, and are put into a graphite crucible after being agglomerated; placing the graphite crucible in a high-temperature furnace, smelting at 1300-1500 ℃, and simultaneously blowing argon above the melt;
s2: after smelting, performing water quenching on the upper layer glass melt to obtain basic glass particles, and separating the lower layer metal melt after cooling in the air to obtain lead alloy;
s3: and drying, fine grinding and sintering the basic glass particles to obtain the glass ceramics.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lead glass is waste cathode ray tube cone glass, and the chemical composition of the lead glass by mass percentage is as follows: 20-25% of PbO and SiO 2 40-55％、K 2 O 4-9％、Na 2 O 3-6％、CaO 1-5％、Al 2 O 3 2-6％。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste catalyst is a waste automobile three-way catalyst, and the chemical composition of the waste automobile three-way catalyst is as follows: MgO 8-13 wt%, SiO 2 35-50% of Al in percentage by mass 2 O 3 The mass percentage content is 25-40%, the Pt content is 300-700g/t, the Pd content is 800-1400g/t, and the Rh content is 100-300 g/t.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when the lead glass, the waste catalyst, the calcium oxide and the anthracite are mixed, the mass ratio of the lead glass to the waste catalyst is (1-1.5):1, the mass of the calcium oxide is 15-30% of the total mass of the lead glass and the waste catalyst, and the addition amount of the anthracite is 2-3% of the mass of the lead glass.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high temperature furnace is a medium frequency induction furnace.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow rate of the argon gas to be blown is 0.4 to 0.8 L.min -1 。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, SiO in the base glass particles is obtained 2 40-60% of CaO, 14-23% of Al 2 O 3 The content is 13-20%.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy is 0.5-1.0%, and the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is more than or equal to 98%.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the sintering process includes: heating the finely ground basic glass particles to 950 ℃ and 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1-3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass, wherein the lead content in the microcrystalline glass is less than or equal to 0.8%.
The other raw material lead glass in the invention is waste cathode ray tube cone glass, and the chemical composition of the lead glass in percentage by mass is as follows: 20-25% of PbO and SiO 2 40-55％、K 2 O 4-9％、Na 2 O 3-6％、CaO 1-5％、Al 2 O 3 2 to 6 percent. Lead-containing glass has good electrical properties and can absorb harmful rays, and therefore is used for producing Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) for televisions and displays. With the rapid development of display technology, the conventional CRT display is gradually replaced by advanced one, resulting in a large number of CRT displays entering the scrapping stage. More than 30% of CRT glass is lead-containing glass containing about 20-25% of PbO and 40-55% of SiO 2 4-9% of K 2 O and 3-6% of Na 2 O, and the like. Lead is a good trapping agent for platinum group metals and is easy to separate, and the lead-containing glass used as the waste automobile catalyst can realize high-efficiency extraction of the platinum group metals and reduce the using amount of auxiliary additives.
Specifically, the principle of the present invention for disposing lead glass in cooperation with a waste automotive catalyst is as follows. The lead is subjected to carbothermic reduction at high temperature to produce metallic lead, the lead glass is mixed with the waste automobile catalyst, metallic lead particles produced by the lead glass at high temperature can react with platinum group metals to generate alloys, and the platinum group metals are captured. Lead exists in the glass in the form of lead silicate, the reduction rate is lower than that of lead oxide, so that the metal lead stays in the melt for a longer time, and the trapping efficiency of the platinum group metal is ensured. Smelting in an induction furnace to generate electromagnetic stirring, promoting the contact of metal lead particles and platinum group metals to ensure more sufficient reaction, introducing argon to generate stirring, and further strengthening the trapping effect. Lead glass contains a large amount of low melting point K 2 O and Na 2 And O, the melting point of the waste automobile catalyst can be greatly reduced, the viscosity of the melt is reduced, the fluidity of the glass melt is improved, and the trapping is promoted. After the lead catches platinum group metals, the lead is continuously gathered and grows up and finally settles to the bottom of the crucible. The upper metal layer is glass melt and mainly contains SiO 2 CaO and Al 2 O 3 Is the main component of the microcrystalline glass. Lead glass provides the SiO required for microcrystalline glass 2 While lead glass contains K 2 O and Na 2 O, the crystallization performance of the microcrystalline glass can be improved, the crystallization activation energy is improved, and sintering is promoted; SiO required by microcrystalline glass provided by waste automobile catalyst 2 、Al 2 O 3 Containing ZrO at the same time 2 、Fe 2 O 3 Is a good nucleating agent and can promote the crystallization of the microcrystalline glass. And pouring the glass melt into water to form base glass particles, and sintering the base glass at the temperature close to the crystallization temperature to obtain the microcrystalline glass product.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cheap and easily-obtained waste lead-containing glass is used as a trapping agent, platinum group metals in the waste automobile catalyst are efficiently recovered, the using amount of auxiliary additives and the trapping agent is reduced, the waste is treated by waste, the produced lead alloy can be separated from the lead product and the platinum group metals in a vacuum volatilization mode, and the production cost is reduced.
(2) Lead in the lead glass exists in the form of lead silicate, the retention time of the lead in a melt is long during smelting, and the platinum group metal trapping efficiency is high.
(3) The lead-containing glass is used as the trapping agent, so that the melting point and viscosity of the waste automobile catalyst can be reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the trapping efficiency is improved.
(4) The method fully utilizes the component characteristics of the lead glass and the waste automobile catalyst, realizes the synergistic treatment of two solid wastes through one-step high-temperature smelting, fully utilizes the sensible heat of the melt, prepares the non-metal component into a microcrystalline glass product with high added value, realizes the harmlessness and high-value recycling of the lead glass and the waste automobile catalyst, and has obvious environmental and economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for co-processing lead glass and waste catalyst provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by specific examples.
In the following examples, the agents used are all commercially available. The concentrations or contents in the respective examples are mass percentages.
The lead glass treated in each example and the analysis of the components of the spent catalyst are shown in tables 1 and 2, respectively.
TABLE 1 lead glass composition
| Composition (A) | SiO 2 | PbO | CaO | Al 2 O 3 | K 2 O | Na 2 O |
| The mass percentage content | 50.1％ | 22.4％ | 3.8％ | 3.9％ | 8.4％ | 4.1％ |
TABLE 2 spent automotive catalyst composition
| Composition (I) | SiO 2 | MgO | Al 2 O 3 | Pt | Pd | Rh |
| The mass percentage content | 37.7％ | 10.6％ | 34.3％ | 348.6g/t | 1056.1g/t | 214.7g/t |
Example 1
The method for treating the waste catalyst and the lead glass by adopting the lead glass and the waste catalyst for cooperative treatment as shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps:
crushing lead glass and waste catalyst to 0.074-0.178mm, taking 200g of waste catalyst, adding 200g of lead glass, 60g of calcium oxide and 4g of anthracite, adding 5g of cellulose as a binder, uniformly mixing in a mixing tank, pressing the mixture into powder by a powder tablet press
A cylindrical sample of (2), subjecting the sample toLoading into a graphite crucible.
Smelting the material in a medium frequency induction furnace, heating the sample to 1400 ℃, and blowing argon gas above the melt, wherein the flow of the argon gas is 0.5 L.min -1 . After smelting for 2h, pouring the upper glass liquid into water, drying to obtain 335g of basic glass particles, placing the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible and the crucible in the air for cooling, and separating slag phase to obtain 35.4g of lead alloy.
And (3) finely grinding the base glass, putting the ground glass into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a tubular resistance furnace, heating to 1100 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass.
Through detection, the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy of the embodiment is 0.90%, the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is 98.1%, and the content of lead in the glass ceramics is 0.6%.
Example 2
The method for treating the waste catalyst and the lead glass by adopting the lead glass and the waste catalyst co-processing method shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps:
crushing lead glass and waste catalyst to 0.074-0.178mm, taking 200g of waste catalyst, adding 300g of lead glass, 100g of calcium oxide, 7.5g of anthracite and 8g of cellulose, uniformly mixing in a mixing tank, and pressing the mixture into powder by a powder tablet press
The sample was loaded into a graphite crucible.
Smelting the material in a medium frequency induction furnace, heating the sample to 1500 ℃, and blowing argon gas above the melt, wherein the flow of the argon gas is 0.4 L.min -1 . After 4h of smelting, the upper glass liquid is poured into water, after drying, 432g of basic glass particles are obtained, the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible and the crucible are placed in the air for cooling, and 52.7g of lead alloy is obtained after slag phase separation.
And (3) finely grinding the base glass, putting the ground glass into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a tubular resistance furnace, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass.
Through detection, the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy of the embodiment is 0.60%, the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is 98.3%, and the content of lead in the glass ceramics is 0.4%.
Example 3
The method for treating the waste catalyst and the lead glass by adopting the lead glass and the waste catalyst co-processing method shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps:
crushing lead glass and waste catalyst to 0.074-0.178mm, taking 200g of waste catalyst, adding 250g of lead glass, 130g of calcium oxide, 5g of anthracite and 6g of cellulose, uniformly mixing in a mixing tank, and pressing the mixture into powder by a powder tablet press
The sample was loaded into a graphite crucible.
Smelting the material in a medium frequency induction furnace, heating the sample to 1300 ℃, and blowing argon gas above the melt, wherein the flow of the argon gas is 0.8 L.min -1 . After 3h of smelting, the upper glass liquid is poured into water, 426g of basic glass particles are obtained after drying, the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible and the crucible are placed in the air for cooling, and 44.7g of lead alloy is obtained after slag phase separation.
And (3) finely grinding the base glass, putting the ground glass into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a tubular resistance furnace, heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass.
Through detection, the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy of the embodiment is 0.71%, the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is 98.4%, and the content of lead in the glass ceramics is 0.7%.
Example 4
The method for treating the waste catalyst and the lead glass by adopting the lead glass and the waste catalyst co-processing method shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps:
crushing lead glass and waste catalyst to 0.074-0.178mm, taking 200g of waste catalyst, adding 200g of lead glass, 80g of calcium oxide, 5g of anthracite and 8g of cellulose, uniformly mixing in a mixing tank, and pressing the mixture into powder by a powder tablet press
The sample was loaded into a graphite crucible.
Smelting the material in a medium frequency induction furnace, heating the sample to 1450 deg.C, and blowing argon gas with flow rate of 0.4 L.min above the melt -1 . After smelting for 2h, pouring the upper glass liquid into water, drying to obtain 379.3g of basic glass particles, placing the metal melt at the bottom of the crucible and the crucible together in the air for cooling, and separating slag phase to obtain 37.5g of lead alloy.
And (3) finely grinding the base glass, putting the ground glass into a corundum crucible, putting the corundum crucible into a tubular resistance furnace, heating to 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass.
Through detection, the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy of the embodiment is 0.85%, the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is 98.0%, and the content of lead in the glass ceramics is 0.8%.
Claims (7)
1. A method for the cooperative disposal of lead glass and a waste catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: lead glass, a waste catalyst, calcium oxide and a reducing agent are uniformly mixed, and are put into a graphite crucible after briquetting; placing the graphite crucible in a high-temperature furnace, smelting at 1300-1500 ℃, and simultaneously blowing argon above the melt; the lead glass is waste cathode ray tube cone glass, and comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 20-25% of PbO and SiO 2 40-55％、K 2 O 4-9％、Na 2 O 3-6％、CaO 1-5％、Al 2 O 3 2 to 6 percent; when the lead glass, the waste catalyst, the calcium oxide and the reducing agent are mixed, wherein the mass ratio of the lead glass to the waste catalyst is (1-1.5) to 1, the mass of the calcium oxide is 15-30% of the total mass of the lead glass and the waste catalyst, the reducing agent is anthracite, and the adding amount of the anthracite is 2-3% of the mass of the lead glass;
s2: after smelting, performing water quenching on the upper layer glass melt to obtain basic glass particles, and separating the lower layer metal melt after cooling in the air to obtain lead alloy;
s3: and drying, fine grinding and sintering the basic glass particles to obtain the glass ceramics.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spent catalyst is a spent automotive three-way catalyst having a chemical composition of: MgO 8-13 wt%, SiO 2 35-50% of Al in percentage by mass 2 O 3 The mass percentage content is 25-40%, the Pt content is 300-700g/t, the Pd content is 800-1400g/t, and the Rh content is 100-300 g/t.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the high temperature furnace is a medium frequency induction furnace.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the flow rate of the argon gas to be blown is 0.4 to 0.8L-min -1 。
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the SiO in the resulting base glass particles 2 40-60% of CaO, 14-23% of Al 2 O 3 The content is 13-20%.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the total content of platinum, palladium and rhodium in the lead alloy is 0.5-1.0%, and the comprehensive recovery rate of platinum, palladium and rhodium is not less than 98%.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the sintering process comprises: heating the finely ground basic glass particles to 950 ℃ and 1150 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1-3h, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the microcrystalline glass, wherein the lead content in the microcrystalline glass is less than or equal to 0.8%.
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