CN111941312A - Clamp for thin-walled workpiece machining based on phase-change material self-adaptive support - Google Patents
Clamp for thin-walled workpiece machining based on phase-change material self-adaptive support Download PDFInfo
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- CN111941312A CN111941312A CN202010755313.3A CN202010755313A CN111941312A CN 111941312 A CN111941312 A CN 111941312A CN 202010755313 A CN202010755313 A CN 202010755313A CN 111941312 A CN111941312 A CN 111941312A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
- B25B11/005—Vacuum work holders
Abstract
A thin-walled workpiece machining fixture based on phase change material self-adaptive support comprises a support rod and a fixture body, wherein the fixture body comprises a support module, a positioning module and a cooling jacket support module, the positioning module comprises a positioning bracket, a quick-change gasket, a positioning pin, a positioning block and a support nail, a positioning hole is reserved in a machined thin-walled workpiece, and the machined thin-walled workpiece is positioned on the positioning block through a pin on one side and two pins on the other side; the support rod, the upper support plate, the lower support plate and the cooling jacket form a support unit; the supporting units) are connected by supporting blocks, and the device is characterized in that the supporting rods adopt phase-change materials as media, and the phase-change materials push the supporting rod arms to move upwards under the pressure of high-pressure gas, so that vacuum suckers arranged on the supporting rod arms move upwards to be in contact with parts; after the parts are fixed, the liquid phase-change material is cooled to be solid, and the non-deformation support of the support unit is realized. The invention has the advantages of good stability and small influence of external load on the surface quality of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a clamp technology, in particular to a clamp for thin-wall processing, and specifically relates to a clamp for thin-wall part processing based on phase-change material self-adaptive support.
Background
For large thin-wall parts, the residual stress is released continuously in the machining process, large deformation is easy to generate, the reference needs to be repaired, clamped and machined again after deformation, the machining precision of the parts is reduced, the production cost is increased, and even the parts are scrapped.
Clamps include mechanical clamps that can mechanically grip an object with a plurality of fingers having hydraulic or air pressure actuation, and vacuum clamps. The vacuum chuck may hold the object by creating a vacuum at its interface with the object.
The traditional clamp using hydraulic pressure or gas pressure as clamping force has the problems of leakage of hydraulic oil or unstable and too small gas pressure. The method for solidifying the phase-change material is accurate in positioning and high in clamp rigidity. In the aspect of vacuum adsorption clamping, the invention adopts a method of combining and using a plurality of groups of vacuum clamps, can well fix thin-walled parts with irregular shapes, and has the characteristic of good flexibility.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a phase-change material self-adaptive support-based clamp for processing a thin-wall part, aiming at the problem that the processing quality is influenced by the deformation of the existing clamp for processing the thin-wall part due to the change of air pressure or hydraulic pressure in the processing process. The deformation degree of the parts is reduced, and the method has important significance for improving the quality of the parts and prolonging the service life of the parts.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a thin-walled workpiece machining fixture based on phase change material self-adaptive support comprises a support rod 3.1 and a fixture body, wherein the fixture body comprises a support module, a positioning module and a cooling jacket 3.4, the support module comprises an L-shaped support 1, a T-shaped support 2, a support block 4 and an auxiliary block 11, the positioning module comprises a positioning support 5, a quick-change gasket 7, a positioning pin 8, a positioning block 9 and a support nail 10, a positioning hole is reserved in a machined thin-walled workpiece 6, and the machined thin-walled workpiece 6 is positioned on the positioning block 9 through two pins on one side; the supporting rod 3.1, the upper supporting plate 3.2, the lower supporting plate 3.3 and the cooling jacket 3.4 form a supporting unit 3, and the positions of reserved holes for mounting the supporting rod on the upper supporting plate 3.2 and the lower supporting plate 3.3 are adjusted, so that the distance between the two supporting rods 3.1 of the same supporting unit 3 can be changed, and thin-wall parts with different widths can be correspondingly processed; the supporting unit 3 is connected by the supporting blocks 4, the supporting blocks 4 are connected by the T-shaped support 2, the L-shaped support 1 is connected with the positioning support 5, and the supporting device is characterized in that the supporting rod 3.1 adopts a phase-change material as a medium, high-pressure gas enters the air inlet, and the phase-change material pushes the supporting rod arm 3.1.6 to move upwards under the pressure of the high-pressure gas, so that a vacuum chuck arranged on the supporting arm moves upwards to be in contact with a part; after the parts are fixed, the liquid phase-change material is cooled to be solid, and the non-deformation support of the support unit 3 is realized.
The support rod 3.1 comprises a vacuum chuck 3.1.1, a chuck positioning bolt 3.1.2, a universal ball positioning sleeve 3.1.3, a universal ball 3.1.5, a support rod arm 3.1.6, a support rod housing 3.1.7, a phase change material 3.1.8 and a heating resistance wire 3.1.9, wherein the support rod arm 3.1.6 is arranged in the support rod housing 3.1.7, the support rod housing 3.1.7 is provided with the phase change material 3.1.8 and the heating resistance wire 3.1.9, the universal ball 3.1.5 is arranged at the upper end of the support rod arm 3.1.6 and is restrained and positioned on the support rod arm 3.1.6 through the universal ball positioning sleeve 3.1.3, the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is connected with the universal ball 3.1.5 through the chuck positioning bolt 3.1.2, and a vacuum air suction port 3.1.12 on the vacuum chuck 3.1.1.1 is connected with a vacuum air source; in order to realize the purpose of clamping by the adhesion of the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 and the surface 6 of the processed thin-walled workpiece, the support lever arm 3.1.6 needs to have a certain stroke, namely the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 can freely move up and down for a certain distance; in the use process, the initial position of the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is not tightly attached to the surface of the thin-wall part 6 to be processed, but is away from the thin-wall part 6 to be processed by a certain distance; then the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 moves upwards, and stops after contacting the surface of the processed thin-walled piece 6, so as to realize the fitting and clamping of the processed thin-walled piece 6; applying pressure to the surface of the phase change material 3.1.8 in a hydraulic state, increasing the internal pressure of the liquid, and enabling the support lever arm 3.1.6 to be subjected to upward thrust; after the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is driven by the support lever arm 3.1.6 to reach the designated position, the phase-change material 3.1.8 is cooled and solidified, and the support lever 3.1 becomes a rigid whole; the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 tightly sucks the thin-wall processed thin-wall part 6, and the support lever arm 3.1.6 has upward supporting force on the processed thin-wall part 6; the phase-change material 3.1.8 is changed from a solid state to a liquid state by adopting a resistance wire heating mode; after the clamp is assembled, the thin-wall part 6 is positioned and installed at a corresponding position, the resistance wire 3.1.9 is electrified to heat the solid phase-change material 3.1.8, and the phase-change material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state after reaching the phase-change temperature; when high-pressure gas is introduced to the liquid surface of the liquid phase-change material 3.1.8 through the exhaust quick connector 3.1.13, the support lever arm 3.1.6 is pressed to move upwards, and the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 and the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 are driven to move upwards. After the liquid phase-change material reaches a proper position, the heating resistance wire 3.1.9 is powered off, the cooling liquid flows into the cooling liquid inlet on the cooling jacket 3.4, the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling liquid outlet on the cooling jacket 3.4 and takes away heat in the phase-change material 3.1.8, and solidification of the liquid phase-change material 3.1.8 is accelerated; after the phase change material 3.1.8 is completely changed into a solid, stopping inputting cooling liquid into the cooling liquid inlet, and simultaneously stopping inputting high-pressure gas into the exhaust quick connector 3.1.13; the support lever arm 3.1.6 is supported by the solid phase change material 3.1.8 and fixed in position; the vacuum suction port 3.1.12 on the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 is connected with the vacuum quick-connection plug, the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 is tightly sucked with the processed thin-wall piece 6 in an air suction mode, and the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 supports the processed thin-wall piece 6, so that the rigidity and stability in the processing process are ensured.
The phase-change material 3.1.8 is an alloy metal which is solid at room temperature and is transformed into liquid at 50-70 ℃.
The universal ball 3.1.5 is supported on a roller 3.1.11 which is arranged in a roller positioning sleeve 3.1.4.
The support rod shell 3.1.7 is provided with an external thread 3.1.10 which is matched with an internal thread hole on the upper support plate 3.2.
The supporting blocks 4 with different lengths are adjusted and replaced, the distance between the supporting units 3 is adjusted, the supporting rods 3.1 are prevented from being too sparse, the thin-wall machined thin-wall part 6 deforms under the action of gravity and cutting force, and therefore machining accuracy cannot meet requirements.
The details are as follows:
a thin-walled workpiece machining clamp based on phase change material self-adaptive support comprises a support rod 3.1 and a clamp body, wherein the clamp body comprises a support module, a positioning module and a cooling jacket 3.4. The support module is provided with an L-shaped support 1, a T-shaped support 2, a support block 4 and an auxiliary block 11. The positioning module is provided with a positioning bracket 5, a quick-change gasket 7, a positioning pin 8, a positioning block 9 and a supporting nail 10. A positioning hole is reserved in the processed thin-wall part 6, and in the clamping process, the processed thin-wall part 6 is positioned on the positioning block 9 through a scheme of one surface and two pins. The support bar 3.1 together with the upper support plate 3.2, the lower support plate 3.3 and the cooling jacket 3.4 form a support unit. The positions of the reserved support rod mounting holes of the upper support plate 3.2 and the lower support plate 3.3 are adjusted, so that the distance between the two support rods 3.1 of the same support unit 3 can be changed, and thin-wall parts with different widths can be correspondingly processed. Different supporting units 3 are connected by supporting blocks 4, the supporting blocks 4 are connected by T-shaped brackets 2, and the L-shaped brackets 1 are connected with positioning brackets 5 to form the main part of the clamp. The distance between different supporting units 3 can be adjusted by adjusting and replacing the supporting blocks 4 with different lengths, the supporting rods 3.1 are prevented from being too sparse, the thin-wall machined thin-wall part 6 deforms under the action of gravity and cutting force, and therefore machining precision cannot meet requirements.
The invention adopts a plane thin-wall part for simple description and should not be limited to the processing scheme of the plane thin-wall part shown in the attached drawings.
All the connection modes are that an upper support plate 3.2, a lower support plate 3.3, an L-shaped support 1, a T-shaped support 2, a positioning block 9, an auxiliary block 11 and a positioning support 5 are connected together by a method of fixing bolts or bolts and nuts, and the flexible manufacturing is achieved by adopting interchangeable parts with different length specifications.
In order to realize the purpose of clamping by the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 and the surface 6 of the thin-walled workpiece to be processed, the support lever arm 3.1.6 needs to have a certain stroke, namely the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 can freely move up and down for a certain distance. In use, the initial position of the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is not close to the surface of the thin-walled workpiece 6, but is a distance away from the thin-walled workpiece 6. And then the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 moves upwards, and stops after contacting the surface of the processed thin-wall piece 6, so that the processed thin-wall piece 6 is attached and clamped. The method comprises the following steps: pressure is applied to the surface of the phase change material 3.1.8 in the liquid state, the pressure inside the liquid increases, and the support lever arm 3.1.6 is pushed upwards. After the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is driven by the support lever arm 3.1.6 to reach the designated position, the phase-change material 3.1.8 is solidified, and the support lever 3.1 becomes a rigid whole. The vacuum chuck 3.1.1 tightly sucks the thin-wall processed thin-wall part 6, and the support lever arm 3.1.6 has upward supporting force on the processed thin-wall part 6.
The phase-change material 3.1.8 is changed from a solid state to a liquid state by adopting a resistance wire heating mode. After the clamp is assembled, the thin-wall part 6 is positioned and installed at a corresponding position, the resistance wire 3.1.9 is electrified to heat the solid phase-change material 3.1.8, and the phase-change material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state after reaching the phase-change temperature. It should be noted that the phase change material 3.1.8 is selected from alloy metals that are solid at room temperature and can be transformed into liquid at a slightly higher temperature (e.g. 50-70 ℃). High-pressure gas is introduced to the liquid level of the liquid phase-change material 3.1.8 through the quick-connection plug connecting port, the support lever arm 3.1.6 is pressed to move upwards, and the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 and the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 are driven to move upwards. After the liquid phase-change material reaches a proper position, the heating resistance wire 3.1.9 is powered off, the cooling liquid flows into the cooling liquid inlet on the cooling jacket 3.4, the cooling liquid flows out of the cooling liquid outlet on the cooling jacket 3.4 and takes away heat in the phase-change material 3.1.8, and solidification of the liquid phase-change material 3.1.8 is accelerated. After the phase change material 3.1.8 is completely changed into a solid, the input of the cooling liquid into the cooling liquid inlet is stopped, and the input of high-pressure gas into the exhaust quick connector 3.1.13 is cut off. The support lever arm 3.1.6 is supported by the solid phase change material 3.1.8, being fixed in place.
The vacuum suction port 3.1.12 in the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 is connected with the quick-connection plug, the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 is tightly sucked with the processed thin-wall piece 6 in an air suction mode, and the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 supports the processed thin-wall piece 6, so that the rigidity and stability in the processing process can be ensured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can overcome the limitation of the existing clamp and clamp the thin-wall part by a simple structure and an easy mechanism. The deformation degree of the parts is reduced, and the method has important significance for improving the quality of the parts and prolonging the service life of the parts.
The invention realizes floating clamping and deformation-free clamping in the real sense.
Compared with the traditional transmission modes such as air pressure transmission and the like, the invention has better stability and little influence of external load on the surface quality of the workpiece.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1, an L-shaped bracket, 2, a T-shaped bracket, 3, a supporting unit, 4, a supporting block, 5, a positioning bracket, 6, a processed thin-walled part, 7, a quick-change gasket, 8, a positioning pin, 9, a positioning block, 10, a supporting nail and 11, an auxiliary block
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the supporting unit of the present invention.
In the figure: 3.1 bracing piece, 3.2 last backup pad, 3.3 bottom suspension fagging, 3.4 cooling jackets, 3.1.13 exhaust quick-operation joint, 3.1.14 quick-operation joint that breathes in, 3.1.1 vacuum chuck, 3.1.5 universal balls, 3.1.3 universal ball position sleeve
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support rod of the present invention.
In the figure: 3.1.1 vacuum chuck, 3.1.2 chuck positioning bolt, 3.1.3 universal ball positioning sleeve, 3.1.4 roller positioning sleeve, 3.1.5 universal ball, 3.1.6 support lever arm, 3.1.7 support rod shell, 3.1.8 phase-change material, 3.1.9 heating resistance wire, 3.1.10 quick connector, 3.1.11 roller, 3.1.12 vacuum air suction inlet
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the support pin of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the locating pin of the present invention in a configuration for locating the plane of a workpiece.
In fig. 4 and 5: 5. the positioning device comprises a positioning support, 6 a processed thin-wall part, 10 a supporting nail, 7 a quick-change gasket, 1 an L-shaped support, 4 a supporting block, 3.2 an upper supporting plate, 5 a positioning support, 8 a positioning pin, 9 a positioning block and 11 an auxiliary block.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
A phase-change material self-adaptive support-based clamp for machining a thin-walled workpiece is based on the principle that a phase-change material is converted into a liquid state at a high temperature and is converted into a solid state at a low temperature, and the rigidity of the clamp is increased by informing the clamping position of a fixed clamp. The clamp can clamp thin-walled workpieces, and large deformation in the machining process is avoided. Compared with the traditional transmission modes such as air pressure transmission and the like, the invention has better stability and small influence of external load on clamping precision. The method adopts a movable support rod made of phase-change materials to support parts, and the positions of support points are determined according to a part model. The clamp units are connected into an integral clamp through the connection of the plurality of groups of support frames. The supporting rod sucker freely rotates according to the inclination of the surface of the workpiece. The specific implementation steps comprise:
step one, designing and fixing a clamping point according to the shape of a part. Positioning holes in the middle edge of the part by positioning pins;
secondly, placing a reasonable number of support rods according to the positions of the fixed clamping points;
thirdly, heating the phase change material in the supporting rod, and pushing the supporting rod sucker to be in contact with the part by using air pressure after the metal is melted;
and step four, monitoring displacement of the clamping points, judging whether the deformation of the part exceeds a maximum allowable value, and if so, repeating the step three according to the deformation of each point.
And fifthly, confirming that the deformation of the part is within an allowable range, tightly sucking the workpiece by the vacuum chuck, filling cooling liquid into the cooling jacket, and solidifying the phase-change material. The support lever arms are fixed in position.
The phase-change material is used as a medium, high-pressure gas is introduced into the gas inlet, the phase-change material pushes the movable lever arm to move upwards under the pressure of the high-pressure gas, and therefore the support rod sucker moves upwards to be in contact with a part. After the parts are fixed, the liquid phase change material is cooled to be solid. In order to be able to adapt to the inclination of the surface of the workpiece, the suction cup can be freely rotated. The sucking disc and the universal ball are fixedly connected into a whole, and the sucking disc freely rotates along with the universal ball to adapt to the gradient of the surface of a workpiece. The universal ball adopts a mode of a middle through hole, so that the air flows from the vacuum chuck to the air pump, and the clamping force of a workpiece is controlled. The arrangement mode and the temperature control mode of the heating wires are required to be uniformly arranged so that the phase-change material can be uniformly heated, and the temperature is constant within a certain range. And the cooling jacket is adopted to accelerate the liquid phase-change material to be cooled and converted into a solid state. The supporting rods are connected with the supporting plates through the clamp units connected through the bolts through the supporting frames, the number of the clamp units can be freely increased, and the clamp unit is suitable for machining thin-wall parts with different shapes and sizes. And meanwhile, a quick-change structure is adopted. The maximum diameter of the support top compression nut is smaller than the diameter of the positioning hole of the workpiece, and the workpiece can be directly taken out after the quick-change gasket is taken down.
The details are as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 4, 5.
A thin-wall part machining clamp based on phase change material self-adaptive support comprises an L-shaped support 1, a T-shaped support 2, a support unit 3, a support block 4, a positioning support 5, a positioning block 9, a bolt, a support nail 10 and a nut, wherein the bolt, the support nail 10 and the nut are used for connection.
Under the cooperation of the threaded connecting piece, the L-shaped support 1, the T-shaped support 2, the mirror image support of the T-shaped support and the positioning support 5 and the positioning block 9 are matched to form a support frame of the clamp. The height of the jig can be changed by adjusting the use of the L-shaped bracket 1 and the T-shaped bracket 2 having different lengths, and the interval between the supporting units 3 can be changed by adjusting the length of the supporting block 4. The flexibility in the height and length directions of the processed thin-walled part can be realized by the length serialization of the L-shaped support 1, the T-shaped support 2 and the supporting block 4.
As shown in fig. 2.
To cooperate with each of the differently sized positioning brackets 5, an upper support plate 3.2 and a lower support plate 3.3 of corresponding length dimensions are required. The upper supporting plate 3.2 and the lower supporting plate 3.3 are related to the size of the positioning block 9. The upper and lower supporting plates are directly connected with the supporting rod shell 3.1.7, the supporting plate is used for fixing the supporting rod shell 3.1.7, all degrees of freedom of the supporting rod shell 3.1.7 are eliminated, and the supporting rod arm 3.1.6 only has the degree of freedom of up-and-down motion under the constraint of the supporting rod shell 3.1.7. Meanwhile, the distance between the screw holes of the supporting rods 3.1 is additionally arranged on the upper supporting plate 3.2 and the lower supporting plate 3.3 through adjustment, so that the distance between the two supporting rods 3.1 can be controlled, and the flexible adjustment in the width direction is realized. The hole of the upper supporting plate 3.2 matched with the supporting rod shell 3.1.7 is provided with internal threads, and the external threads 3.1.10 of the supporting rod shell 3.1.7 are screwed in to limit the freedom degree of the up-and-down movement of the supporting rod shell.
As shown in fig. 3.
Before the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 contacts and adsorbs the surface of the processed thin-walled workpiece 6, the support lever arm 3.1.6 needs to have a lifting motion to drive the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 to realize the joint of the clamp and the processed thin-walled workpiece 6. To achieve this movement, it is necessary to constrain the strut-lever arm 3.1.6 to have only axial or rotational freedom. 3.1.13 is a quick air-vent interface, and when the phase-change material 3.1.8 is melted into liquid, high-pressure air is introduced into the hole 3.1.13. The liquid level of the liquid phase-change material is pressurized, the internal pressure is increased, and the bottom end of the support lever arm 3.1.6 is pushed to move upwards. 3.1.7 the strut housing constrains the strut arm to move or rotate only in the axial direction, achieving the desired motion profile.
The spiral line below the liquid level of the liquid phase change material 3.1.8 is used for wiring the heating resistance wire 3.1.9. Gas enters the gap space between the support rod shell 3.1.7 and the support rod arm 3.1.6 from the gas inlet 3.1.13, and high pressure is generated to act on the liquid surface of the liquid phase-change material 3.1.8. The internal pressure of the liquid phase change material 3.1.8 increases. Because the internal pressure of the liquid is equal everywhere, the pressure borne by the bottom end of the support lever arm 3.1.6 is increased, and the support lever arm 3.1.6 is subjected to upward resultant force, so that an upward movement trend is generated.
As shown in fig. 3.
The air exhaust passage is connected with a vacuum pump to generate negative pressure. The air exhaust passage consists of a sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2, a universal ball 3.1.5 and a support lever arm 3.1.6, and the internal structure of the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 is shown in the figure.
After the vacuum pump works, the negative pressure area at the top is attached to the surface of the processed thin-wall part 6 to form a closed area which is a source of clamping force. The negative pressure area at the bottom is a closed area formed by the cooperation of the universal ball positioning sleeve 3.1.3, the roller positioning sleeve 3.1.4, the universal ball 3.1.5 and the support lever arm 3.1.6. The purpose that the suction channel of the suction cup is still communicated in the free rotation process is achieved. The internal air pressure in the low pressure region, and thus the workpiece clamping force, can be controlled by adjusting the vacuum pump pressure.
The pressure intensity of the low-pressure area is too small, the supporting force of the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 is too large due to too large external pressure difference, the contact area of the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 and the processed thin-walled part 6 is very small, large deformation is easy to generate, and the control of the processing precision is not facilitated. The pressure intensity of the low-pressure area is too large, the difference between the pressure intensity and the external atmospheric pressure is too small, the clamping force of the workpiece is too small, the processed thin-wall part 6 cannot be firmly absorbed, and deformation is generated in the processing process. Therefore, real-time control of the vacuum pump pressure and thus the pressure in the low-pressure area in the vacuum chuck is required.
The clamping force has a stability requirement, and the internal air pressure needs to be stabilized in order to stabilize the clamping force. The sealing ring is installed to prevent external air from entering the low pressure region to cause pressure fluctuation.
The top end of the support lever arm 3.1.6 is provided with a spherical groove which is matched with the universal ball 3.1.5. The universal ball 3.1.5 can roll freely in the groove when receiving torque. In order to reduce the friction force between the universal ball 3.1.5 and the support lever arm 3.1.6, a spherical roller 3.1.11 is arranged between the groove and the universal ball 3.1.5, so that the adjustment of the direction of the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is more flexible.
The roller positioning sleeve 3.1.4 plays a role in restraining the roller 3.1.11 in the groove from coming out and restraining the downward displacement of the universal ball 3.1.5. The universal ball locating sleeve 3.1.3 plays a role in restraining the universal ball 3.1.5 from moving upwards, so that the universal ball 3.1.5 only has freedom of free rotation along the center of the ball. Meanwhile, the universal ball locating sleeve 3.1.3 is also provided with a sealing ring at the position contacting with the universal ball 3.1.5, so that the sealing effect is achieved, external air is prevented from entering an internal sealing cavity, the internal air pressure is stable, and the clamping force is stable.
The sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 is a non-standard bolt, the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 and the universal ball 3.1.5 are connected into a whole, and the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 can freely rotate along with the universal ball 3.1.5 so as to adapt to the gradient of the surface of the thin-walled workpiece 6 to be processed. Meanwhile, when the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 tightly sucks the processed thin-walled workpiece 6, the vacuum sucker 3.1.1 is made of flexible materials and can generate large deformation after being stressed, and the sucker positioning bolt 3.1.2 can prop against the processed thin-walled workpiece 6, so that the position of the processed thin-walled workpiece 6 is fixed, and the position precision after clamping is guaranteed.
After the vacuum suction disc 3.1.1 is pressed against the surface of the thin-wall part 6 to be processed in the upward movement process, the upward movement is forced to stop. The vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is subjected to the reaction force of the surface of the thin-walled workpiece 6 to be processed on the surface, and the chuck positioning bolt 3.1.2 and the universal ball 3.1.5 are driven to rotate together, so that the vacuum chuck 3.1.1 is tightly attached to the surface of the thin-walled workpiece 6 to be processed. The support lever arm carries with it the required movement.
As shown in fig. 1, 4, 5.
The workpiece is positioned in a one-surface two-pin mode. Four support nails 10 respectively act on four corners of the processed thin-wall part 6. Because the thin-walled workpiece 6 to be processed is larger, and the precision of the positioning surface is higher, in order to improve the positioning stability, an over-positioning exists at the position. Because the disassembly is inconvenient, in order to improve the efficiency of assembling and disassembling the workpiece, a quick-change structure is adopted. The mode that the hexagonal nut compresses the quick-change gasket 7 to compress the processed thin-wall piece 6 is adopted, and the processed thin-wall piece 6 is fixed. And the maximum diameter of the selected hexagonal nut is smaller than the diameter of the positioning hole of the processed thin-walled piece 6, and the processed thin-walled piece 6 can be directly taken out after the quick-change gasket 7 is taken down. The taking-out method comprises the following steps:
the solid phase-change material 3.1.8 is heated to be melted into liquid, the air suction quick connector 3.1.10 is ventilated, the pressure of the vacuum suction cup 3.1.1 is increased to be the same as the atmospheric air, the support lever arm 3.1.6 falls under the action of gravity, and the vacuum suction cup 3.1.1 is separated from the processed thin-walled piece 6.
The nut is unscrewed and the quick-change washer 7 is removed along the gap. The upper nut is arranged on the supporting nail 10, but the processed hole diameter of the processed thin-wall piece 6 is larger than the maximum width of the upper nut, so the upper nut can be removed through the processed hole by the processed thin-wall piece 6. So as to achieve the purpose of improving efficiency.
The installation of the thin-wall part 6 to be processed adopts a reverse process method. And aligning the processed hole of the processed thin-wall part 6 with the screw, wherein the maximum width of the upper nut is smaller than the diameter of the processed hole, and the upper nut passes through the hole. The positioning pin 8 is mounted on the positioning hole. And inserting the quick-change gasket between the upper nut and the processed thin-wall part 6 along the gap, and screwing the nut.
The quick-change gasket 7 can be taken down only by unscrewing the nut without unscrewing the nut, and the international gasket is used under the interference condition, so that the special gasket 7 with the gap is used.
The foregoing is only a few preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications in the structure, characteristics and principles of the present invention described in the claims of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The present invention is not concerned with parts which are the same as or can be implemented using prior art techniques.
Claims (6)
1. A thin-walled part machining clamp based on phase change material self-adaptive support comprises a support rod (3.1) and a clamp body, wherein the clamp body comprises a support module, a positioning module and a cooling sleeve (3.4), the support module comprises an L-shaped support (1), a T-shaped support (2), a support block (4) and an auxiliary block (11), the positioning module comprises a positioning support (5), a quick-change gasket (7), a positioning pin (8), a positioning block (9) and a support nail (10), a positioning hole is reserved in a machined thin-walled part (6), and the machined thin-walled part (6) is positioned on the positioning block (9) through two pins on one side; the supporting rods (3.1), the upper supporting plate (3.2), the lower supporting plate (3.3) and the cooling jacket (3.4) form a supporting unit (3), and the positions of reserved holes for mounting the supporting rods on the upper supporting plate (3.2) and the lower supporting plate (3.3) are adjusted, so that the distance between the two supporting rods (3.1) of the same supporting unit (3) can be changed, and thin-wall parts with different widths can be correspondingly arranged; the supporting units (3) are connected by supporting blocks (4), the supporting blocks (4) are connected by a T-shaped support (2), and the L-shaped support (1) is connected with a positioning support (5), and the supporting device is characterized in that the supporting rods (3.1) adopt phase-change materials as media, high-pressure gas is introduced into a gas inlet, the phase-change materials push a supporting rod arm (3.1.6) to move upwards under the pressure of the high-pressure gas, so that a vacuum sucker (3.1.1) arranged on the supporting rod arm (3.1.6) moves upwards to be in contact with a part; after the parts are fixed, the liquid phase-change material is cooled to be solid, and the deformation-free support of the support unit (3) is realized.
2. The phase change material adaptive support based thin-wall part machining clamp according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the support rod (3.1) comprises a vacuum sucker (3.1.1), a sucker positioning bolt (3.1.2), a universal ball positioning sleeve (3.1.3), a universal ball (3.1.5), a support rod arm (3.1.6), a support rod shell (3.1.7), a phase-change material (3.1.8) and a heating resistance wire (3.1.9), the support rod arm (3.1.6) is arranged in the support rod shell (3.1.7), the phase change material (3.1.8) and the heating resistance wire (3.1.9) are installed on the support rod shell (3.1.7), the universal ball (3.1.5) is installed at the upper end of the support rod arm (3.1.6) and is restrained and positioned on the support rod arm (3.1.6) through the universal ball positioning sleeve (3.1.3), the vacuum suction cup (3.1.1) is connected with the universal ball (3.1.5) through the suction cup positioning bolt (3.1.2), and the vacuum suction port (3.1.12) on the vacuum suction cup (3.1.1) is connected with a vacuum air source; in order to realize the purpose of clamping by the adhesion of the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) and the surface (6) of the processed thin-walled workpiece, the support lever arm (3.1.6) needs to have a certain stroke, namely the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) can freely move up and down for a certain distance; in the use process, the initial position of the vacuum chuck (3.1.1) is not tightly attached to the surface of the thin-walled workpiece (6) to be processed, but is away from the thin-walled workpiece (6) to be processed by a certain distance; then the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) moves upwards and stops after contacting the surface of the processed thin-walled piece (6) to realize the joint and clamping of the processed thin-walled piece (6); applying pressure to the surface of the phase-change material (3.1.8) in a liquid state, increasing the internal pressure of the liquid, and leading the support lever arm (3.1.6) to receive upward thrust; after the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) is driven by the support lever arm (3.1.6) to reach a designated position, the phase-change material (3.1.8) is cooled and solidified, and the support lever (3.1) becomes a rigid whole; the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) tightly sucks the thin-wall processed thin-wall part (6), and the support lever arm (3.1.6) has upward supporting force on the processed thin-wall part (6); the phase-change material (3.1.8) is changed from a solid state to a liquid state by adopting a resistance wire heating mode; after the clamp is assembled, the thin-wall part (6) is positioned and installed at a corresponding position, the resistance wire (3.1.9) is electrified to heat the solid phase-change material (3.1.8), and the phase-change material is changed from a solid state to a liquid state after reaching the phase-change temperature; high-pressure gas is introduced to the liquid surface of the liquid phase-change material (3.1.8) through the exhaust quick connector (3.1.13), the support lever arm (3.1.6) is pressed to move upwards, and the sucker positioning bolt (3.1.2) and the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) are driven to move upwards. After the liquid phase-change material reaches a proper position, the heating resistance wire (3.1.9) is powered off, cooling liquid flows into the cooling liquid inlet on the cooling jacket (3.4), cooling liquid flows out of the cooling liquid outlet on the cooling jacket (3.4) and takes away heat in the phase-change material (3.1.8), and solidification of the liquid phase-change material (3.1.8) is accelerated; after the phase-change material (3.1.8) is completely changed into a solid, stopping inputting cooling liquid into the cooling liquid inlet, and simultaneously stopping inputting high-pressure gas into the exhaust quick connector (3.1.13); the support lever arm (3.1.6) is supported by the solid phase change material (3.1.8) and fixed in position; a vacuum suction port (3.1.12) on the sucker positioning bolt (3.1.2) is connected with the vacuum quick-connection plug, the vacuum sucker (3.1.1) is tightly sucked with the processed thin-walled piece (6) in an air suction mode, and the sucker positioning bolt (3.1.2) supports the processed thin-walled piece (6) to ensure the rigidity and stability in the processing process.
3. The clamp for processing the thin-walled workpiece based on the phase-change material self-adaptive support according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phase-change material (3.1.8) is an alloy metal which is solid at room temperature and is transformed into liquid at 50-70 ℃.
4. The clamp for processing the thin-wall part based on the self-adaptive support of the phase change material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the universal ball (3.1.5) is supported on a roller (3.1.11), and the roller is installed in a roller positioning sleeve (3.1.4).
5. The clamp for processing the thin-wall part based on the phase change material self-adaptive support according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein an external thread (3.1.10) is processed on the support rod shell (3.1.7) and is matched with an internal thread hole on the upper support plate (3.2).
6. The clamp for machining the thin-walled part based on the self-adaptive support of the phase change material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the support units (3) is adjusted by adjusting and replacing the support blocks (4) with different lengths, so that the support rods (3.1) are prevented from being too sparse, the thin-walled part (6) to be machined is deformed under the action of gravity and cutting force, and the machining precision cannot meet the requirement.
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| CN202010755313.3A CN111941312B (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Clamp for thin-walled workpiece machining based on phase-change material self-adaptive support |
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| CN202010755313.3A CN111941312B (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Clamp for thin-walled workpiece machining based on phase-change material self-adaptive support |
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| CN113146453A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-07-23 | 刘月林 | Polishing supporting equipment for curved-surface metal sheet |
| CN113414912A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-21 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Flexible tool for machining aircraft skin parts and using method thereof |
| CN113477969A (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2021-10-08 | 西安理工大学 | Linkage cluster type intelligent reconfigurable hole making clamp for thin plate pieces |
| CN113914423A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-01-11 | 苏州美瑞德建筑装饰有限公司 | Hospital space wall construction process and structure convenient for water pipe installation |
| CN113977942A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-28 | 浙江同擎科技有限公司 | Base plate replacing device suitable for efficient false tooth printing and base plate thereof |
| CN115401491A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2022-11-29 | 南京驰韵科技发展有限公司 | Shaping fixing device for precision cutting of high-precision thin-wall part |
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| CN115401491B (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2024-01-02 | 南京驰韵科技发展有限公司 | Shaping fixing device for precise cutting of high-precision thin-wall part |
| CN117226565A (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2023-12-15 | 哈尔滨安宇迪航空工业股份有限公司 | Clamp capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled for machining aviation parts and application method thereof |
| CN117226565B (en) * | 2023-11-15 | 2024-01-26 | 哈尔滨安宇迪航空工业股份有限公司 | Clamp capable of being quickly disassembled and assembled for machining aviation parts and application method thereof |
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