CN111939680A

CN111939680A - Oil fume absorbent for construction machinery and preparation process thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111939680A
Application number: CN202010821293.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯立才; 郝宗华; 张跃斌
Original assignee: Xinxiang Shuangcheng Environmental Protection Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Xinxiang Shuangcheng Environmental Protection Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-08-14
Filing date: 2020-08-14
Publication date: 2020-11-17

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of oil fume absorbents and discloses a construction machinery oil fume absorbent which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 3 to 8 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3 to 5 percent of CMEA, 5 to 10 percent of APG and the balance of water, the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent, and the absorbent has the advantages of good absorption effect and low tail gas pollution degree.

Description

Oil fume absorbent for construction machinery and preparation process thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of oil fume absorbents, in particular to an absorbent for treating tail gas of large-scale construction machinery equipment.

Background

In the processes of tunnel engineering construction, large-scale station construction, ore mining and the like, because construction machinery is more, the generated tail gas is amorphous carbon, nitrogen oxide and the like generated by incomplete combustion of diesel oil. Especially, when the construction is carried out in a tunnel, the space sealing property is strong, so that the damage to the health of workers is great. At present, no better treatment measures are available for oil smoke tail gas generated by diesel machinery, and generally, the oil smoke is exhausted out of a tunnel only by means of air supply and air exchange to the tunnel, but the oil smoke still causes harm to the atmospheric environment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a construction machinery oil fume absorbent and a preparation process thereof, which have the advantages of good absorption effect and low tail gas pollution degree.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the construction machinery oil fume absorbent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 3 to 8 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3 to 5 percent of CMEA, 5 to 10 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

In order to further optimize the present invention, the following technical solutions may be preferably adopted:

preferably, the components and contents thereof are as follows by weight percentage: 5 to 7 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3 to 4 percent of CMEA, 6 to 8 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

Preferably, the components and contents thereof are as follows by weight percentage: 6 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 4 percent of CMEA, 7 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol ether sulfate to the CMEA to the APG is 4-6: 1-3: 2 to 5.

A method for preparing construction machinery oil fume absorbent comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: dissolving fatty alcohol ether sulfate in water, stirring for dissolving, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solution A;

step two: and (3) adding the CMEA reagent and the APG reagent into the solution A prepared in the step one according to the mass ratio, stirring the whole process, and uniformly mixing until the CMEA reagent and the APG reagent are completely dissolved to obtain a mixed absorption liquid B. ,

step three: and (3) slowly adding water into the mixed absorption liquid B prepared in the step (II) for dilution to prepare an absorbent C, wherein the concentration of the absorption liquid in the absorbent C is 1-8 per mill.

Preferably, the second step and the third step are carried out at a temperature of 25 to 50 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the absorbent is mainly used for absorbing a large amount of oil smoke discharged by engineering machinery in the tunnel and purifying the air environment with complex components such as smoke, dust and the like in the tunnel, so that the body health of first-line constructors is guaranteed, and occupational disease hazards are avoided; therefore, the components selected by the absorbent are all assistants with good biodegradability, metabolites which are difficult to biodegrade are not formed, and secondary pollution in the process of environmental treatment such as configuration, transportation and treatment is avoided; the fatty alcohol ether sulfate, the CMEA and the APG have different absorption effects on oil smoke, and have good oil stain removal effect, strong hard water resistance and good compatibility. The fatty alcohol ether sulfate and the APG have good foamability, the foam is rich and fine, the foaming property of the auxiliary agent is changed to a great extent after the CMEA is added, excellent foam stability is shown, even no foam is generated, and the performance of absorbing oil smoke is not reduced. The method has great significance for the absorbent used circularly, ensures the stable and homogeneous characteristic of the absorbent due to the low-foam or non-foam property, and avoids the interference on other facilities in the absorption equipment while efficiently removing the oil fume.

2. The APG has strong high temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance, the fatty alcohol ether sulfate has strong low temperature resistance, and the APG and the fatty alcohol ether sulfate are combined with each other to eliminate the influence of water temperature in a geothermal tunnel and a common tunnel;

3. the alcohol ether sulfate surfactant has better solubility and dispersibility in water, and can enhance the high-low temperature stability, especially the low-temperature stability of the viscosity of a subsequent formula; the fatty alcohol ether sulfate has excellent wettability and permeability and extremely low dynamic surface tension with CMEA. CMEA is a nonionic surfactant and has penetrating, emulsifying and dispersing effects on oily dirt.

4. After the absorbent is added into water, the molecules of the nonionic surfactant are directionally arranged in the two-phase interface layer, so that the interfacial tension is reduced, and the absorption of oil smoke in the air is facilitated. The solvent is added into water to increase the oil smoke absorption amount and achieve the effect of capacity increase.

5. The invention has the advantages that: the absorbent can increase the capacity of absorbing the oil smoke by water, greatly improve the solubility of the absorbent in water and improve the oil smoke removal efficiency; the pH value is moderate, and the corrosion to equipment is avoided; the water can be recycled, and the consumption of the absorbent is very low. Because the oil smoke is attached to the tiny dust, when tiny floc appears at the bottom of the absorption liquid, the tiny floc can be discharged out of the absorption liquid through a pollution discharge device at any time, and then a proper amount of absorbent is supplemented, so that the original oil smoke absorption capacity can be recovered.

Detailed Description

Fatty alcohol ether sulfate:

fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (AES for short) is the most important anionic surfactant in alcohol surfactants, and is prepared by adding a detergent and 1-4 mol of EO and then using SO₃Air or chlorosulfonic acid, and then neutralized with a base having a different cation. It has excellent hard water resistance, foaming property and low temperature performance, fast biodegradation, less skin irritation, powerful grease eliminating capacity, high enzyme compatibility and transparent and stable solution, and is used widely in liquid detergent, low-phosphorus detergent and personal protecting article. AES is used in the oil industry as an oil-water separating agent and an emulsifier, and in the textile industry as a lubricant, a builder, a detergent, and the like.

As a composite surfactant, two hydrophilic groups with different properties of ethoxy and sulfonic acid group are introduced into the molecular structure, so that the disadvantage that an anionic surfactant is not salt-resistant is avoided, the disadvantage that a nonionic surfactant is sensitive to temperature is avoided, and the composite surfactant has good solubility and compatibility due to the existence of a polyoxyethylene chain. The fatty alcohol ether sulfate has excellent wettability and permeability, excellent emulsifying capacity and extremely low dynamic surface tension.

CEMA: coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide is a chemical substance with a molecular formula of RCONHCH₂CH₂And (5) OH. Performance: nonionic surfactant, thickener, having the following properties: 1. excellent thickening property and foam stability, less dosage and thickening property and safety superior to 6501; 2. the compatibility is good, and the synergistic effect is very good; 3. has excellent skin moistening, fragrance retaining, decontamination and hard water resistance; 4. is not easy to dissolve in water, and is suitable for pearl products. 5. Has emulsifying and light shielding properties, and can be used for preparing pearlescent slurry. 6. Good biodegradability, and the degradation rate can reach more than 97%. It is mainly used for being added into pearly shampoo, bath lotion, hand cleanser, laundry detergent, soap, ointment and the like, and is used as a thickening agent, a foam-increasing foam stabilizer and a detergent. Is especially suitable for ammonium salt system shampoo, bath lotion, hand sanitizer and the like. Is commonly used for formulating pearlescenceThe pulp is also used as a raw material for synthesizing the amide surfactant.

APG is an abbreviation for Alkyl Polyglycoside, i.e. Alkyl glycoside is a new nonionic surfactant with more comprehensive performance, has the characteristics of common nonionic and anionic surfactants, and is generally prepared into 50% and 70% aqueous solutions, and is generally colorless to light yellow viscous liquid or milky white paste (winter). Pure APG is a brown or amber flaky solid that is prone to moisture absorption. APG is generally soluble in water, is more soluble in common organic solvents, and has excellent compatibility, stability and surface activity in acid and alkaline solutions, especially in active solvents with high inorganic components. APG can be completely biodegraded in nature, and metabolites which are difficult to biodegrade can not be formed, so that new pollution to the environment is avoided. Toxicology property, experiments prove that the alkyl glycoside has no irritation, has extremely low oral acute toxicity and is basically nontoxic. Example 1:

a preparation method of a construction machinery oil fume absorbent comprises the following preparation steps of:

(1) taking 3-8% of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3-5% of CMEA and 5-10% of APG in percentage by weight, firstly dissolving the fatty alcohol ether sulfate in quantitative water, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing;

(2) adding CMEA and APG into the solution generated in the step (1), stirring the whole process, uniformly mixing, and maintaining the temperature at 25-50 ℃ to obtain an oil fume absorbent;

(3) adding water into 1mL of the solution generated in the step (2) to 1000mL to obtain a diluent of the oil fume dissolution promoter; example 2:

(1) taking 5% of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 4% of CMEA and 7% of APG in percentage by weight, firstly dissolving the fatty alcohol ether sulfate in quantitative water, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing;

(3) adding water into 5mL of the solution generated in the step (2) to 1000mL to obtain a diluent of the oil fume dissolution promoter; example 3:

(1) taking 8% of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 5% of CMEA and 10% of APG in percentage by weight, firstly dissolving the fatty alcohol ether sulfate in quantitative water, stirring and dissolving, and uniformly mixing;

(3) adding 8mL of solution generated in the step (2) into 1000mL of water to obtain a diluent of the oil smoke dissolution promoter; comparative example 1:

300ml of water is taken as a reference oil fume absorbent, 300ml of solutions with the absorption liquid concentrations of 1 per thousand, 5 per thousand and 8 per thousand are respectively prepared from the oil fume absorbent prepared in the embodiment, and the oil fume content of the air inlet and the air outlet after ventilation is measured and calculated.

According to the above experiment, the treatment efficiency of the construction machinery oil smoke absorbent in the above experimental examples and comparative examples for absorbing oil smoke in diesel exhaust is shown in the following table:

the experimental data can obtain that the absorption rate of the oil fume absorbent is gradually increased along with the concentration increase of the concentration of the absorption liquid, and the treatment effect is good.

Claims

1. The construction machinery oil fume absorbent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 3 to 8 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3 to 5 percent of CMEA, 5 to 10 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

2. The construction machinery oil smoke absorbent according to claim 1, wherein: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 7 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 3 to 4 percent of CMEA, 6 to 8 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

3. The construction machinery oil smoke absorbent according to claim 1, wherein: the composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6 percent of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, 4 percent of CMEA, 7 percent of APG and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the components is 100 percent.

4. The construction machinery oil smoke absorbent according to claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol ether sulfate to the CMEA to the APG is 4-6: 1-3: 2 to 5.

5. A method for preparing the construction machinery oil smoke absorbent of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

6. The method for preparing construction machinery oil smoke absorbent according to claim 5, wherein: the second step and the third step are carried out at the temperature of 25-50 ℃.