CN111934304B - Protection circuit and protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge - Google Patents

Protection circuit and protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111934304B
CN111934304B CN202010909372.1A CN202010909372A CN111934304B CN 111934304 B CN111934304 B CN 111934304B CN 202010909372 A CN202010909372 A CN 202010909372A CN 111934304 B CN111934304 B CN 111934304B
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pole
mos tube
resistor
power mos
photoelectric coupler
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CN111934304A (en
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杨益昌
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Suzhou Inspur Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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Suzhou Inspur Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/28Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/30Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
    • G06F1/305Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations in the event of power-supply fluctuations
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/04Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/005Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection avoiding undesired transient conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a protection circuit and a protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge, and relates to the technical field of circuit design. The circuit comprises a power MOS field effect transistor, a photoelectric coupler D2 and an impedance resistor; the power MOS field effect transistor comprises an N-channel power MOS transistor Q3 and a P-channel power MOS transistor Q2; the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the output end of the collector is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2; the impedance resistor comprises a low impedance resistor R2 and high impedance resistors R3 and R4. This embodiment adopts above-mentioned protection circuit to replace the sudden wave protection subassembly TVS on the traditional hot plug circuit, has effectively improved the reaction rate of input sudden wave protection to the warning function when having increased small sudden wave has avoided sudden wave protection device to react the problem that leads to the rear end subassembly to damage too slowly.

Description

Protection circuit and protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, in particular to a protection circuit and a protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge.
Background
Hot swap controllers are a preferred method of providing highly desirable system protection and electrical management in distributed power systems, particularly to meet the stringent requirements of the server market. Hot swap controller features typically include safety control of hot-line circuit board insertion and removal, fault-monitoring diagnostics and protection, and control of high-precision electrical environments. In practical applications, if a fault occurs in one line card of a server chassis, the fault should remain isolated from that particular line card and affect neither the system backplane nor other line cards powered by the live backplane. Thus, to ensure reliability, server system designers must consider the parasitic effects of hot-plug circuits and the associated transient behavior.
In prior designs, as shown in fig. 1, to prevent surge voltage from damaging vulnerable downstream components, a fast-response unidirectional TVS silicon diode is typically connected from VIN to GND in a shunt protection configuration. The TVS diode is similar to a zener diode and has an optimized die area and bonding function that can satisfy a large surge current and peak power consumption existing during avalanche breakdown. Therefore, the protection mechanism is theoretically simple and easy to implement, under a normal working condition, the TVS diode presents high impedance to the protected circuit, but when the safe working voltage of the protected circuit is exceeded, the TVS diode works in an avalanche mode to provide a low-impedance grounding path for transient current, the maximum voltage of the protected circuit is usually not large and is limited by the clamping voltage of the TVS diode, and after the transient current is reduced, the TVS device recovers a high-impedance state. However, in practical use, the above protection mechanism has disadvantages: firstly, the tolerance of the reverse working voltage of the TVS diode is very large, and according to the data table of the TVS, the higher the reverse working voltage required by the TVS is, the larger the tolerance is, and the required TVS diode cannot be accurately selected; secondly, when the input voltage is slightly high but the overvoltage protection of the hot-plug controller is not achieved, the control system cannot be informed in time.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a protection circuit and a protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge, which effectively improve the response speed of voltage surge protection, simultaneously increase the alarm function when tiny surge is generated, and avoid the problem that a surge protection device reacts too slowly to cause damage to a rear-end component.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge on one hand, which comprises a power MOS field effect transistor, a photoelectric coupler D2 and an impedance resistor;
the power MOS field effect transistor comprises an N-channel power MOS transistor Q3 and a P-channel power MOS transistor Q2;
the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the output end of the collector is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
the impedance resistor comprises a low impedance resistor R2 and high impedance resistors R3 and R4.
Based on the circuit, further, one end of each of the impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4 is connected to the input voltage Vin, the other end is connected to the S pole of the MOS transistor Q2, the anode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the S pole of the MOS transistor Q3, and the D pole of the MOS transistor Q2 and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler D2 are both grounded.
Furthermore, the protection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor R5 and a current limiting resistor R7; one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the D pole of the MOS transistor Q3, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the circuit system; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2, and the other end of the resistor R is grounded.
Furthermore, the protection circuit further comprises a current detection resistor R1, an N-channel power MOS tube Q1 and an output capacitor C1; one end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the input voltage Vin, and the other end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the S pole of the MOS tube Q1; the G pole of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with a hot plug controller, and the other end of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an output voltage Vout; one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, and the other end is grounded.
When the input end of the protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge has large surge voltage, the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 drives the photodiode to emit light, the light current is generated after being received by the photodetector, the light current is further amplified and then output, the grid electrode of the MOS transistor Q2 is further driven to change the grid electrode into low level to be grounded, the drain electrode and the source electrode of the Q2 are conducted, and the input end is conducted with the ground, so that the protection circuit is effectively protected. Meanwhile, a photodiode at the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 drives the grid of the MOS transistor Q3, so that the grid sends a high-level signal to the circuit system. The photoelectric coupler has high reaction speed, and the high-impedance resistor R3 can accurately control the protected voltage value.
When the surge voltage of the input end does not reach the set value, the photodiode of the photoelectric coupler D2 can drive the grid of the MOS transistor Q3, only the driving potential is low, so that the grid sends a high-level signal to the circuit system, and the system notices the generation of the surge at the input end.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surges, comprising the steps of:
an N-channel power MOS tube Q3, a photoelectric coupler D2 and a P-channel power MOS tube Q2 are arranged between a voltage input end Vin and a circuit system;
connecting the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and connecting the output end of the collector with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
the D pole of the MOS tube Q3 is connected to the circuit system through the current-limiting resistor R5, and the S pole of the MOS tube Q2, the anode of the photoelectric coupler D2 input end and the S pole of the MOS tube Q3 are respectively connected with the voltage input end Vin through the impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4.
Further, the protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge as described above further includes the following steps:
a current-limiting resistor R7 is arranged between the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the other end of the current-limiting resistor R7 is grounded;
and grounding the D pole of the MOS tube Q2 and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler D2.
Further, based on the protection method, the method further comprises the following steps:
setting a current detection resistor R1, an N-channel power MOS tube Q1 and an output capacitor C1;
one end of a current detection resistor R1 is connected with an input voltage Vin, and the other end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the S pole of an MOS tube Q1;
connecting the G pole of the MOS transistor Q1 with a hot plug controller, and connecting the other end of the MOS transistor Q1 with an output voltage Vout;
one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, and the other end is grounded.
The effects provided in the summary of the invention are only the effects of the embodiments, not all of the effects of the invention, and one of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the protection circuit and the protection method for preventing the hot plug voltage surge, an N-channel power MOS tube Q3, a photoelectric coupler D2 and a P-channel power MOS tube Q2 are arranged between a voltage input end and a circuit system; the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 is connected with the G pole of the MOS tube Q3, and the output end of the collector is connected with the G pole of the MOS tube Q2; the D pole of MOS pipe Q3 passes through current-limiting resistor R5 and inserts circuit system, and the S pole of MOS pipe Q2, the positive pole of optoelectronic coupler D2 input and the S pole of MOS pipe Q3 are connected with the voltage input through impedance resistance R2, R3 and R4 respectively. The protection circuit and the method are adopted in the embodiment, a surge protection component TVS on the traditional hot plug circuit is replaced, the response speed of input surge protection is effectively improved, the alarm function is added when a small surge is generated, and the problem that a surge protection device reacts too slowly to cause damage of a rear-end component is avoided. The technical scheme of the embodiment can be applied to different hot plug controllers and carries out surge voltage protection by changing the resistance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional hot-swap voltage surge protection circuit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surges according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a protection method for preventing hot-plug voltage surges according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
To facilitate an understanding of the embodiments, abbreviations and key terms referred to in the embodiments are explained and illustrated below.
TVS diode: a Transient-voltage-suppression diode;
hotswap Controller: a hot plug controller;
the System comprises the following steps: circuitry is provided.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surges according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 2, the protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge of the present embodiment includes a power MOS field effect transistor, a photocoupler D2 and an impedance resistor;
the power MOS field effect transistor comprises an N-channel power MOS transistor Q3 and a P-channel power MOS transistor Q2;
the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the output end of the collector is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
the impedance resistors include a low impedance resistor R2 and high impedance resistors R3 and R4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, one end of each of the impedance resistors R2, R3, and R4 is connected to the input voltage Vin, the other end is connected to the S-pole of the MOS transistor Q2, the anode of the input end of the photocoupler D2, and the S-pole of the MOS transistor Q3, and the D-pole of the MOS transistor Q2 and the emitter of the photocoupler D2 are both grounded.
Further, the protection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor R5 and a current limiting resistor R7; one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the D pole of the MOS transistor Q3, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the circuit system; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2, and the other end of the resistor R is grounded.
More specifically, the protection circuit further comprises a current detection resistor R1, an N-channel power MOS tube Q1 and an output capacitor C1; one end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the input voltage Vin, and the other end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the S pole of the MOS tube Q1; the G pole of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with a hot plug controller, and the other end of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an output voltage Vout; one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, and the other end is grounded.
When the input end has large surge voltage, the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 drives the photodiode to emit light, the light current is generated after being received by the photodetector and is further amplified and then output, the grid of the MOS transistor Q2 is further driven to change the grid into low level to be grounded, the drain and the source of the MOS transistor Q2 are conducted and are equal to the input end and the ground, and therefore the protection circuit is effective, the conducted current can be determined according to the magnitude of the surge voltage, and if the current is large, the overcurrent protection of a power supply end can be realized. Meanwhile, a photodiode at the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 drives a grid electrode of the MOS tube Q3, so that the grid electrode sends out a high-level signal to the circuit system. The photoelectric coupler has high reaction speed, and the high-impedance resistor R3 can accurately control the protected voltage value.
When the surge voltage at the input end does not reach the set value, the photodiode of the photoelectric coupler D2 can drive the grid of the MOS transistor Q3, only the driving potential is low, so that the grid sends a high-level signal to the circuit system, and the system notices that the surge is generated at the input end.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart illustrating a protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surges according to an embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 3, the protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
s1, arranging an N-channel power MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q3, a photoelectric coupler D2 and a P-channel power MOS tube Q2 between a voltage input end Vin and a circuit system;
s2, connecting the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and connecting the output end of the collector with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
and S3, the D pole of the MOS tube Q3 is connected into the circuit system through a current-limiting resistor R5, and the S pole of the MOS tube Q2, the anode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the S pole of the MOS tube Q3 are respectively connected with the voltage input end Vin through impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4.
Further, the protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge further comprises the following steps:
a current-limiting resistor R7 is arranged between the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the other end of the current-limiting resistor R7 is grounded;
and the D pole of the MOS tube Q2 and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler D2 are grounded.
Further, the protection method further comprises the following steps:
setting a current detection resistor R1, an N-channel power MOS tube Q1 and an output capacitor C1;
one end of a current detection resistor R1 is connected with an input voltage Vin, and the other end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with an S pole of an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q1;
connecting the G pole of the MOS transistor Q1 with a hot plug controller, and connecting the other end of the MOS transistor Q1 with an output voltage Vout;
one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, and the other end is grounded.
For the contents not detailed in the protection method for preventing hot swap voltage surge provided in the embodiment of the present application, reference may be made to the protection circuit for preventing hot swap voltage surge provided in the above embodiment, and details are not repeated herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification, improvement and equivalent substitution made without departing from the principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge is characterized by comprising a power MOS field effect transistor, a photoelectric coupler D2 and an impedance resistor;
the power MOS field effect transistor comprises an N-channel power MOS transistor Q3 and a P-channel power MOS transistor Q2;
the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the output end of the collector is connected with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
the impedance resistor comprises a low impedance resistor R2 and high impedance resistors R3 and R4;
one end of each of the impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4 is connected with the input voltage Vin, the other end of each of the impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4 is connected with the S pole of the MOS tube Q2, the anode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the S pole of the MOS tube Q3, and the D pole of the MOS tube Q2 and the emitting pole of the photoelectric coupler D2 are grounded.
2. The protection circuit for preventing hot swap voltage surge according to claim 1, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a current limiting resistor R5 and a current limiting resistor R7; one end of the resistor R5 is connected with the D pole of the MOS transistor Q3, and the other end of the resistor R is connected with the circuit system; one end of the resistor R7 is connected with the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2, and the other end of the resistor R is grounded.
3. The protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge according to claim 1, wherein the protection circuit further comprises a current detection resistor R1, an N-channel power MOS transistor Q1 and an output capacitor C1; one end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the input voltage Vin, and the other end of the current detection resistor R1 is connected with the S pole of the MOS tube Q1; the G pole of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with a hot plug controller, and the other end of the MOS tube Q1 is connected with an output voltage Vout; one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the output voltage Vout, and the other end is grounded.
4. The protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge according to claim 1, wherein when the surge voltage at the input terminal exceeds the set value, the input terminal of the photocoupler D2 drives the photodiode to emit light, the light current is received by the photodetector and then generated and is further amplified and then output, so as to drive the MOS transistor Q2 to conduct the drain and the source of the MOS transistor Q2, and meanwhile, the photodiode at the input terminal of the photocoupler D2 drives the gate of the MOS transistor Q3 to enable the gate to send a high level signal to the circuit system.
5. The protection circuit for preventing hot plug voltage surge according to claim 1, wherein when the input surge voltage does not reach the set value, the photodiode of the photocoupler D2 drives the gate of the MOS transistor Q3, so that the gate sends a high level signal to the circuit system.
6. A protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge is characterized by comprising the following steps: an N-channel power MOS tube Q3, a photoelectric coupler D2 and a P-channel power MOS tube Q2 are arranged between the voltage input end and the circuit system;
connecting the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and connecting the output end of the collector with the G pole of the power MOS tube Q2;
a D pole of an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube Q3 is connected to the circuit system through a current-limiting resistor R5, and an S pole of an MOS tube Q2, an anode of an input end of a photoelectric coupler D2 and an S pole of the MOS tube Q3 are respectively connected with a voltage input end through impedance resistors R2, R3 and R4;
and grounding the D pole of the MOS tube Q2 and the emitter of the photoelectric coupler D2.
7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of:
and a current-limiting resistor R7 is arranged between the cathode of the input end of the photoelectric coupler D2 and the G pole of the power MOS tube Q3, and the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded.
CN202010909372.1A 2020-09-02 2020-09-02 Protection circuit and protection method for preventing hot plug voltage surge Active CN111934304B (en)

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CN111934304B true CN111934304B (en) 2022-12-20

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Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111949592B (en) * 2020-08-13 2022-05-20 国家电网有限公司 Hot plug circuit device suitable for LVDS
CN113675830B (en) * 2021-10-20 2022-02-18 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 Hot plug device and input voltage overshoot suppression protection circuit thereof
TWI798992B (en) * 2021-12-13 2023-04-11 威力工業網絡股份有限公司 Surge protection device with warning function

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101888109A (en) * 2010-07-20 2010-11-17 衡阳中微科技开发有限公司 Storage battery charge control circuit adopting two-way reverse connecting protection
CN102082430A (en) * 2011-01-27 2011-06-01 广州金升阳科技有限公司 Surge suppression circuit
CN206993461U (en) * 2017-07-26 2018-02-09 无锡市益明光电有限公司 A kind of hot drawing burst current absorbing circuit

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101888109A (en) * 2010-07-20 2010-11-17 衡阳中微科技开发有限公司 Storage battery charge control circuit adopting two-way reverse connecting protection
CN102082430A (en) * 2011-01-27 2011-06-01 广州金升阳科技有限公司 Surge suppression circuit
CN206993461U (en) * 2017-07-26 2018-02-09 无锡市益明光电有限公司 A kind of hot drawing burst current absorbing circuit

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