CN111929498A - Frequency sampling circuit and design method thereof - Google Patents
Frequency sampling circuit and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111929498A CN111929498A CN202011074140.5A CN202011074140A CN111929498A CN 111929498 A CN111929498 A CN 111929498A CN 202011074140 A CN202011074140 A CN 202011074140A CN 111929498 A CN111929498 A CN 111929498A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R23/00—Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
- G01R23/02—Arrangements for measuring frequency, e.g. pulse repetition rate; Arrangements for measuring period of current or voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/30—Structural combination of electric measuring instruments with basic electronic circuits, e.g. with amplifier
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/30—Circuit design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency sampling circuit, which comprises a switch module, a square wave generation module and a frequency division sampling module, wherein the switch module comprises an optocoupler and a power supply, a collector of the optocoupler is electrically connected with the power supply, and an emitter of the optocoupler is grounded; the square wave generating module comprises a comparator, and the input end of the comparator is respectively and electrically connected with a power supply and a collector of the optocoupler; the frequency division sampling module comprises a signal sampler and a signal frequency divider, wherein the output end of the comparator is electrically connected with the input pin, and the signal sampler is electrically connected with the signal output pin. A method for designing the frequency sampling circuit includes: step A: setting a quality characteristic analysis item according to the design requirement of the frequency sampling circuit; and B: designing a frequency sampling circuit according to design requirements; and C: performing quality analysis on the frequency sampling circuit according to the quality characteristic analysis item to obtain an analysis report; the precision of the sampling frequency is high, and the sampling requirement can be met under the use state of various environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated circuits, in particular to a frequency sampling circuit and a design method thereof.
Background
In electronic circuits, the frequency of a signal affects the quality and power of the signal and is an important parameter, so sampling the frequency of the circuit is also important.
Because the frequency in the electronic circuit is generally over 1KHZ, the frequency is very high, and the period is very short, the precision of the frequency of the sampling electronic circuit is not high, and errors occur.
The sampling frequency of a few frequency sampling circuits is high in precision, but the frequency sampling circuits generally meet the sampling precision requirement in a certain use state, and the sampling requirement cannot be met in other use states, for example, the frequency sampling requirement in a flight state cannot be met by a common frequency sampling circuit, such as the frequency sampling requirement on an airplane or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a frequency sampling circuit, which has high precision of sampling frequency and is favorable for meeting the sampling requirement under the use state of various environments.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a frequency sampling circuit comprises a switch module, a square wave generation module and a frequency division sampling module, wherein the switch module comprises an optical coupler and a power supply VDD1, a collector electrode of an output triode of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the power supply VDD1, and an emitter electrode of the output triode of the optical coupler is grounded;
the square wave generating module comprises a comparator LM, and the input end of the comparator LM is respectively and electrically connected with the power supply VDD1 and the collector electrode of the output triode of the optocoupler;
the frequency division sampling module comprises a signal sampler RS and a signal frequency divider used for equally dividing signal frequency, the output end of the comparator LM is electrically connected with the input pin of the signal frequency divider, and the signal sampler RS is electrically connected with the signal output pin of the signal frequency divider.
Preferably, the switch module further includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4 and a diode D1 for filtering, the diode D1 is electrically connected to the input end of the optical coupler through the resistor R1, the collector of the output transistor of the optical coupler is electrically connected to the power supply VDD1 through the resistor R2, and the power supply VDD1 is electrically connected to the input end of the comparator LM through the resistor R3 and the resistor R4.
Preferably, the square wave generating module further comprises a protection circuit for protecting the input end of the comparator LM, the protection circuit comprises a diode D2 and a capacitor C1, the diode D2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is grounded.
Preferably, the square wave generating module further includes a capacitor C2, a supplementary power VDD2, and a resistor R5 for generating a hysteresis voltage, the supplementary power VDD2 is electrically connected to the comparator LM, the resistor R5 is connected to the comparator LM in parallel, and the capacitor C2 is connected to the resistor R5 in parallel.
Preferably, the frequency division sampling module further includes a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, and a power supply VDD3, an output terminal of the comparator LM is electrically connected to an input pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R7, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected to a power supply input terminal of the signal frequency divider, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected to the resistor R7 through the resistor R6, the power supply VDD3 is grounded through the capacitor C3, the signal frequency divider is grounded through the resistor R8, the signal sampler RS is electrically connected to a signal output pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R9, and the signal sampler RS is grounded through the capacitor C4.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for designing the frequency sampling circuit includes:
step A: setting quality characteristic analysis items according to the design requirements of the frequency sampling circuit, wherein the quality characteristic analysis items comprise reliability analysis, environment adaptability analysis, safety analysis and maintenance analysis;
and B: designing the frequency sampling circuit according to the design requirement;
and C: b, performing quality analysis on the frequency sampling circuit in the step B according to the quality characteristic analysis item to obtain an analysis report;
step D: and improving the frequency sampling circuit through the analysis report to meet the design requirement.
Further, the reliability analysis includes a flight reliability analysis, the flight reliability analysis including a flight reliability analysis
Wherein t is the time of the flight test of the frequency sampling circuit, λ is the mass coefficient of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode in the frequency sampling circuit, and n is the number of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode.
Further, the environmental suitability analysis includes high and low temperature analysis, vibration analysis, and electromagnetic compatibility analysis.
Further, the safety analysis is to analyze and identify the danger which may occur according to the inherent characteristics of the frequency sampling circuit, identify a danger item, and perform improved analysis on the danger item.
Further, the serviceability analysis includes an installation method analysis, an interchangeability analysis, a detectability analysis, a service safety analysis, and a service ergonomic analysis.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the frequency sampling circuit is provided with the frequency division sampling module which can evenly divide the frequency of the frequency signal to be sampled, so that the period of the frequency signal is prolonged, the frequency of the signal is more easily acquired, and the precision of the frequency of the sampling signal is improved.
The frequency sampling circuit is characterized in that the frequency sampling circuit is provided with a plurality of sampling circuits, the sampling circuits are connected with the sampling circuits in a serial mode, and the sampling circuits are connected with the sampling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frequency sampling circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a design method of the frequency sampling circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "lateral", "longitudinal", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a frequency sampling circuit, which includes a switch module, a square wave generation module and a frequency division sampling module, wherein the switch module includes an optocoupler and a power supply VDD1, a collector of an output transistor of the optocoupler is electrically connected to the power supply VDD1, and an emitter of the output transistor of the optocoupler is grounded; the square wave generating module comprises a comparator LM, and the input end of the comparator LM is respectively and electrically connected with the power supply VDD1 and the collector electrode of the output triode of the optocoupler; the frequency division sampling module comprises a signal sampler RS and a signal frequency divider used for equally dividing signal frequency, the output end of the comparator LM is electrically connected with the input pin of the signal frequency divider, and the signal sampler RS is electrically connected with the signal output pin of the signal frequency divider.
In the above embodiment, the optical coupler in the switch module can convert an input frequency signal AS _2K into an optical signal, and then convert the optical signal into a signal current, the signal current flows from the collector of the optical coupling transistor into one input pin of the comparator LM, the comparison current flowing from the power supply VDD1 flows through the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 into the other input pin of the comparator LM, the signal current and the comparison current are compared by the comparator LM, so AS to obtain a square wave signal having the same frequency AS the signal current, the square wave signal flows into the signal frequency divider, the frequency is divided equally by the signal frequency divider, a sampled signal which is a fraction (generally a half) of the square wave signal is obtained, and finally the sampled signal is collected by the signal sampler RS.
The optical coupler of the middle switch module can play a role in switch isolation, the frequency sampling circuit is provided with the frequency division sampling module, the frequency division sampling module can equally divide the frequency of a frequency signal to be sampled, the frequency of the signal is reduced, the period of the signal is lengthened, the frequency of the signal is collected more easily, and therefore the precision of the frequency of the sampling signal is improved.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1, the switch module further includes a resistor R1 for protection, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, and a diode D1 for filtering, the diode D1 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the optical coupler through the resistor R1, the collector of the output transistor of the optical coupler is electrically connected to the power supply VDD1 through the resistor R2, and the power supply VDD1 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the comparator LM through the resistor R3 and the resistor R4. The diode D1 can filter reverse frequency signals, the optical coupler is optimally an optical coupler U73 or an optical coupler 817, and the power supply VDD1 is used for starting a triode of the optical coupler and can also provide a stable comparison current for the comparator LM.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the square wave generating module further includes a protection circuit for protecting the input terminal of the comparator LM, the protection circuit includes a diode D2, a capacitor C1, a capacitor C2, a complementary power supply VDD2, and a resistor R5 for generating a hysteretic voltage, the diode D2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4, the capacitor C1 is connected in parallel with the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is grounded. The supplementary power supply VDD2 is electrically connected with the comparator LM, the resistor R5 is connected with the comparator LM in parallel, and the capacitor C2 is connected with the resistor R5 in parallel.
In the above embodiment, since the voltage of the input pin of the comparator LM is not too high, the protection loop is provided to prevent the voltage of the power supply VDD1 from breaking through the pin of the comparator LM, in the protection loop, when the voltage of the resistor R4 is too high, because the diode D2 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4, the voltage of the diode D2 is too high, which is greater than 0.7V, so that the diode D2 is turned on, and the comparison current flowing from the power supply VDD1 directly flows into the ground GND from the diode D2, thereby avoiding the input pin of the comparator LM from being burned out.
The capacitor C1 can also filter out some ac noise, making the comparison current more stable. The supplemental power supply VDD2 provides positive power to the comparator LM, although VEE is also provided which provides negative power. Because the output state of the voltage between the two input ends of the comparator LM is changed when the voltage is zero, and because the input ends are often superposed with small fluctuation voltages, the output of the comparator LM can be continuously changed due to the differential mode voltage generated by the fluctuation, in order to avoid output oscillation, a resistor R5 is arranged between the input end and the output end of the comparator LM, so that part of current is divided into the resistor R5 by comparison current, hysteresis voltage for offsetting the output oscillation is generated, a capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the resistor R5, and some harmonic waves can be filtered.
As shown in fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment, the frequency division sampling module further includes a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9, and a power supply VDD3, an output terminal of the comparator LM is electrically connected to an input pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R7, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected to a power supply input terminal of the signal frequency divider, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected to the resistor R7 through the resistor R6, the power supply VDD3 is grounded through a capacitor C3, the signal frequency divider is grounded through the resistor R8, the signal sampler RS is electrically connected to a signal output pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R9, and the signal sampler RS is grounded through a capacitor C4.
In the above embodiment, the power supply VDD3 supplies power to the signal frequency divider, the resistor R6, the resistor R7, the resistor R8, and the resistor R9 function to divide the voltage to protect the signal frequency divider, and the capacitor C4 functions to filter harmonics.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention also discloses a design method of the frequency sampling circuit, which includes:
step A: setting quality characteristic analysis items according to the design requirements of the frequency sampling circuit, wherein the quality characteristic analysis items comprise reliability analysis, environment adaptability analysis, safety analysis and maintenance analysis;
and B: designing the frequency sampling circuit according to the design requirement;
and C: and B, performing quality analysis on the frequency sampling circuit in the step B according to the quality characteristic analysis item to obtain an analysis report.
Step D: and improving the frequency sampling circuit through the analysis report to meet the design requirement.
In the above embodiment, the design requirements are the range of the acquisition frequency, the diamagnetic capability, the vibration resistance, the heat resistance, the reliability, and the like that the frequency sampling circuit needs to satisfy. The design method can analyze the reliability and the environmental suitability of the frequency sampling circuit, analyze the influence of different use states on the sampling frequency of the frequency sampling circuit, and obtain an analysis report, thereby improving the frequency sampling circuit according to the analysis report, ensuring that the frequency sampling circuit can meet the sampling requirement under various use states, and simultaneously analyzing the safety and the maintainability of the frequency sampling circuit, obtaining an omnidirectional analysis report, and further improving the performance of the frequency sampling circuit in an omnidirectional manner.
Wherein the reliability analysis includes a flight reliability analysis, the flight reliability
Wherein t is the time of the flight test of the frequency sampling circuit, λ is the mass coefficient of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode in the frequency sampling circuit, and n is the number of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode.
For example: the number n =9 of the resistors, and the quality coefficient λ =9.8 of the resistors are extracted
T =1.08 (65 minutes), then
The reliability of the frequency sampling circuit can be calculated through the formula, and when the reliability does not meet the requirement, the circuit can be improved by replacing a resistor, a capacitor or a diode with a higher quality coefficient so as to meet the reliability requirement. The flight reliability analysis is favorable for the frequency sampling circuit to acquire the frequency on an airplane or an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Wherein the environmental suitability analysis comprises high and low temperature analysis, vibration analysis and electromagnetic compatibility analysis. The high and low temperature analysis is to verify the high and low temperature that the circuit can bear through the analysis or experiment of the material of the circuit elements (including the resistor, the capacitor, the diode and the circuit board). The vibration analysis is to put the frequency sampling circuit in a vibration environment for experiment and analyze the influence of vibration on the circuit. The electromagnetic compatibility analysis is to put the frequency sampling circuit in a magnetic environment and analyze the influence of the magnetic environment on the circuit so as to improve the anti-magnetic capability of the circuit.
Further, the safety analysis is to analyze and identify the danger which may occur according to the inherent characteristics of the frequency sampling circuit, identify a danger item, and perform improved analysis on the danger item. Among them, the dangerous items include whether the circuit is short-circuited and burned out, whether the electronic component is broken down by high voltage, whether the heat-conducting property of the circuit is good, and whether the circuit is broken due to poor contact.
Further, the serviceability analysis includes an installation method analysis, an interchangeability analysis, a detectability analysis, a service safety analysis, and a service ergonomic analysis.
The installation method comprises the steps of analyzing how to install the optical coupler and how to connect the signal frequency divider so as to improve the installation success rate, the interchangeability analysis comprises the analysis of the influence of replacing electronic components on a circuit, the detectability analysis comprises the performance analysis of how to detect the frequency sampling circuit (generally, detection analysis is carried out through simulation software), the maintenance safety analysis comprises the safety analysis of each electronic component during maintenance, and the maintenance human engineering analysis is the analysis of the quality of maintenance personnel and engineering projects.
In summary, the signal frequency is equally divided by the signal frequency divider, so that the signal frequency is smaller, the period is longer, the acquisition is facilitated, and the accuracy of the acquired signal is improved. The design method of the frequency sampling circuit is beneficial to improving the environmental adaptability and the safety performance of the frequency sampling circuit through reliability analysis and environmental adaptability analysis.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A frequency sampling circuit, characterized by: the frequency division sampling circuit comprises a switch module, a square wave generation module and a frequency division sampling module, wherein the switch module comprises an optical coupler and a power supply VDD1, a collector electrode of an output triode of the optical coupler is electrically connected with the power supply VDD1, and an emitter electrode of the output triode of the optical coupler is grounded;
the square wave generating module comprises a comparator LM, and the input end of the comparator LM is respectively and electrically connected with the power supply VDD1 and the collector electrode of the output triode of the optocoupler;
the frequency division sampling module comprises a signal sampler RS and a signal frequency divider used for reducing signal frequency, the output end of the comparator LM is electrically connected with the input pin of the signal frequency divider, and the signal sampler RS is electrically connected with the signal output pin of the signal frequency divider.
2. The frequency sampling circuit of claim 1, wherein: the switch module still includes resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4 that are used for the protection and is used for the diode D1 of filtering, diode D1 passes through resistance R1 with the input electric connection of opto-coupler, the collector of the output triode of opto-coupler passes through resistance R2 with power VDD1 electric connection, power VDD1 passes through resistance R3 and resistance R4 with the input electric connection of comparator LM.
3. The frequency sampling circuit of claim 2, wherein: the square wave generation module further comprises a protection loop for protecting the input end of the comparator LM, the protection loop comprises a diode D2 and a capacitor C1, the diode D2 is connected with the resistor R4 in parallel, the capacitor C1 is connected with the diode D2 in parallel, and the cathode of the diode D2 is grounded.
4. The frequency sampling circuit of claim 3, wherein: the square wave generating module further comprises a capacitor C2, a supplementary power supply VDD2 and a resistor R5 used for generating hysteresis voltage, wherein the supplementary power supply VDD2 is electrically connected with the comparator LM, the resistor R5 is connected with the comparator LM in parallel, and the capacitor C2 is connected with the resistor R5 in parallel.
5. The frequency sampling circuit of claim 3, wherein: the frequency division sampling module further comprises a capacitor C3, a capacitor C4, a resistor R6, a resistor R7, a resistor R8, a resistor R9 and a power supply VDD3, wherein the output end of the comparator LM is electrically connected with the input pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R7, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected with the power supply input end of the signal frequency divider, the power supply VDD3 is electrically connected with the resistor R7 through the resistor R6, the power supply VDD3 is grounded through the capacitor C3, the signal frequency divider is grounded through the resistor R8, the signal sampler RS is electrically connected with the signal output pin of the signal frequency divider through the resistor R9, and the signal RS is grounded through the capacitor C4.
6. A method of designing a frequency sampling circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
step A: setting quality characteristic analysis items according to the design requirements of the frequency sampling circuit, wherein the quality characteristic analysis items comprise reliability analysis, environment adaptability analysis, safety analysis and maintenance analysis;
and B: designing the frequency sampling circuit according to the design requirement;
and C: b, performing quality analysis on the frequency sampling circuit in the step B according to the quality characteristic analysis item to obtain an analysis report;
step D: and improving the frequency sampling circuit through the analysis report to meet the design requirement.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reliability analysis comprises a flight reliability analysis, the flight reliability analysis
Wherein t is the time of the flight test of the frequency sampling circuit, λ is the mass coefficient of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode in the frequency sampling circuit, and n is the number of the resistor, the capacitor or the diode.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the environmental suitability analysis comprises a high and low temperature analysis, a vibration analysis, and an electromagnetic compatibility analysis.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the safety analysis is to analyze and identify possible dangers according to the inherent characteristics of the frequency sampling circuit, identify dangerous items, and perform improved analysis for the dangerous items.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the maintenance analysis includes an installation method analysis, an interchangeability analysis, a detectability analysis, a repair safety analysis, and a repair ergonomics analysis.
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