CN111927015A - Prefabricated staircase structure - Google Patents
Prefabricated staircase structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111927015A CN111927015A CN202010813008.5A CN202010813008A CN111927015A CN 111927015 A CN111927015 A CN 111927015A CN 202010813008 A CN202010813008 A CN 202010813008A CN 111927015 A CN111927015 A CN 111927015A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- platform plate
- connecting bolt
- cavity
- prefabricated staircase
- staircase structure
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
- E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
- E04B1/4157—Longitudinally-externally threaded elements extending from the concrete or masonry, e.g. anchoring bolt with embedded head
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
- E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
- E04F2011/0203—Miscellaneous features of stairways not otherwise provided for
- E04F2011/0205—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads
- E04F2011/021—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass
- E04F2011/0212—Stairways characterised by the use of specific materials for the supporting structure of the treads mainly of stone or stone like materials, e.g. concrete; mainly of glass mainly of concrete
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a prefabricated staircase structure, which comprises a staircase body with a plurality of steps; the first end of the stair body is hinged with the first flat bedplate in a sliding mode, and the second end of the stair body is fixedly connected with the second flat bedplate. In the prefabricated staircase structure, the first end of the staircase body is in sliding hinge connection with the first platform plate, and the second end of the staircase body is fixedly connected with the second platform plate. Based on the sliding hinge of the first end and the first platform plate, the stair body can adjust the construction position relative to the first platform plate and the second platform plate, so that the production error, the positioning installation error and the construction error introduced in the vibrating process of the stair are eliminated, the construction precision and the construction quality are improved, and the construction cost is prevented from being increased due to deviation of the stair body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a prefabricated staircase structure.
Background
In the prefabricated staircase construction, in prefabricated staircase and the landing slab that is used for installing prefabricated staircase two, one is pre-buried has dowel steel or steel sheet, and the other is equipped with and is used for the pre-buried hole fixed with aforementioned dowel steel or steel sheet concatenation. When assembling prefabricated stair and landing slab, adopt the tower crane to suspend in midair and remove prefabricated stair, treat that prefabricated stair remove to the top of landing slab and dowel bar or steel sheet when aiming at pre-buried hole, transfer prefabricated stair to the upper surface of landing slab, secondly be fixed in the pre-buried hole with dowel bar or steel sheet, realize the location installation of prefabricated stair and landing slab.
Because the prefabricated staircase has the error in production and construction unavoidably, consequently install the prefabricated staircase of landing slab and easily have the off normal, and be difficult to rectify, this construction quality that just leads to prefabricated staircase can't obtain reliable guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a prefabricated staircase structure which can improve the construction precision and the construction quality of a prefabricated staircase.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a prefabricated staircase structure, comprising a staircase body having a plurality of steps; the first end of the stair body is hinged with the first flat bedplate in a sliding mode, and the second end of the stair body is fixedly connected with the second flat bedplate.
Preferably, the first end comprises a longitudinally extending first cavity and a first connecting bolt; one end of the first connecting bolt is fixed in the first platform plate, and the other end of the first connecting bolt is inserted into the first cavity; one end of the first connecting bolt, which is far away from the first platform plate, is sleeved with a fixing plate; the outer edge of the fixing piece is fixed on the inner wall of the first cavity.
Preferably, a first mortar plugging layer is filled in the first cavity above the fixing sheet; and a first leveling layer is laid between the first end and the binding surface of the first platform plate.
Preferably, a felt is laid between the first end and the abutting surface of the first platform plate.
Preferably, the abutting surface comprises a horizontal abutting surface extending horizontally and a vertical abutting surface extending longitudinally; the felt is laid on the horizontal binding surface.
Preferably, the second end comprises a longitudinally extending second cavity and a second attachment bolt; one end of the second connecting bolt is fixed in the second platform plate, and the other end of the second connecting bolt is inserted into and fixed in the second cavity.
Preferably, the second cavity and the second connecting bolt are fixedly connected through a grouting layer filled in a gap between the second cavity and the second connecting bolt.
Preferably, a second mortar plugging layer is filled in the second cavity; the second mortar blocking layer is positioned above the grouting layer; and a second leveling layer is laid between the second end and the binding surface of the second platform plate.
Preferably, a pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs are respectively arranged at two ends of the stair body; and the pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs positioned at the same end are fixed at intervals along two sides of the width of the stair body.
Compared with the background art, the prefabricated staircase structure provided by the invention comprises a staircase body with a plurality of steps; the first end of the stair body is hinged with the first flat bedplate in a sliding mode, and the second end of the stair body is fixedly connected with the second flat bedplate.
In the prefabricated staircase structure, the first end of the staircase body is in sliding hinge connection with the first platform plate, and the second end of the staircase body is fixedly connected with the second platform plate. Based on this structure, after first end and the second end of stair body aim at first platform board and second platform board respectively, can realize the slight correction of the relative position of stair body and first platform board and second platform board through deflecting the stair body to eliminate the production error of stair, the construction error that the location installation error and the vibration in-process introduced, avoid influencing the result of use and the quality of stair because of the stair body is off normal relative to the platform board. Therefore, this prefabricated staircase structure of this structure has the simple installation, the workman's operation of being convenient for, and the installation precision is high and construction quality is high, advantage that construction cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated staircase structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated staircase at a first end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the prefabricated staircase at the second end according to the embodiment of the invention.
The mortar filling device comprises a base, a lifting point reinforcing rib, a first platform plate, a second platform plate, a first connecting bolt, a second connecting bolt, a first cavity, a fixing plate, a first mortar blocking layer, a second mortar blocking layer, a leveling layer, a first leveling layer, a second connecting bolt, a grouting layer, a first mortar blocking layer and a second leveling layer, wherein 11-the first end, 12-the second end, 13-the lifting point reinforcing rib, 21-the first platform plate, 22-the second platform plate, 3-the first connecting bolt, 4-the first cavity, 5-the fixing plate, 61-the first mortar blocking.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated staircase structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a prefabricated staircase at a first end according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the prefabricated staircase at the second end according to the embodiment of the invention.
The invention provides a prefabricated staircase structure, which comprises a staircase body; the first end 11 of the stair body is hinged with the first platform plate 21 in a sliding mode, and the second end 12 of the stair body is fixedly connected with the second platform plate 22.
The stair body is the major structure of this prefabricated stair structure, has multistage step face. The size of the stair body, such as the number of steps, the step width and other parameters, should be set according to the installation site of the stair body, such as the size of the landing plate.
The platform board is fixed in the inside of building horizontally, and the floor platform of two-layer floor about the building is usually included and is located the middle platform in aforementioned two floor platforms. In the embodiments provided by the present invention, the platform plate includes the first platform plate 21 and the second platform plate 22 which are adjacent to each other up and down, in other words, the first platform plate 21 and the second platform plate 22 may be a floor platform and an intermediate platform which are adjacent to each other up and down, or may be two floor platforms or two intermediate platforms which are adjacent to each other up and down.
A first end 11 and a second end 12 of a stair body are positioned and mounted by the first platform plate 21 and the second platform plate 22, respectively.
In this embodiment, the first end 11 of the stair body is slidably hinged to the first platform plate 21, and the second end 12 of the stair body is fixedly connected to the second platform plate 22. Based on this structure, first end 11 and second end 12 of stair body aim at first platform board 21 and second platform board 22 respectively after, can also be through deflecting the stair body for the landing to realize the slight correction of the two relative position, thereby eliminate the production error of stair, the construction error of location installation error and vibration in-process introduction, avoid influencing the result of use and the quality of stair because of the stair body is off normal relative to the landing.
In conclusion, the prefabricated staircase structure provided by the invention is simple and convenient to install, convenient to operate by workers and high in installation accuracy, and the construction accuracy can be adjusted based on the sliding hinge joint of the first end 11 and the first platform plate 21 so as to reduce the installation deviation, thereby reducing the construction error, lowering the construction cost and improving the construction quality.
The prefabricated staircase structure provided by the invention is further explained with reference to the attached drawings and the embodiment.
On the basis of the above described embodiment, the first end 11 of the stair body may comprise a longitudinally extending first cavity 4 and a longitudinally mounted first connecting bolt 3.
One end of the first connecting bolt 3 is fixed in the first platform plate 21, and the other end is inserted into the first cavity 4. Wherein, one end of the first connecting bolt 3 inserted into the first cavity 4 is sleeved with a fixing plate 5. The inner edge of the fixing piece 5 is connected with the periphery of the first connecting bolt 3, and the outer edge of the fixing piece 5 is fixed on the inner wall of the first cavity 4.
In this embodiment, the inner wall of the first chamber 4 is separated from the first coupling bolt 3 inserted into the first chamber 4 with a gap therebetween. The first cavity 4 restricts the axial movement of the first coupling bolt 3 only by the fixing piece 5, and does not restrict the radial rotation of the first coupling bolt 3.
The first connecting bolt 3 can be fixedly connected with the first platform plate 21 in a concrete pouring mode, so as to be embedded in the first platform plate 21. When the first end 11 of the stair body is hoisted to the upper part of the first platform plate 21, the first cavity 4 is aligned with and sleeved with the first connecting bolt 3.
The first connecting bolt 3 may be an M16, C-class bolt. One end of the first connecting bolt 3 close to the first platform plate 21 can be provided with a steel bar anchoring plate to improve the connecting strength and stability of the first connecting bolt 3 and the first platform plate 21.
Further, the first cavity 4 above the fixing sheet 5 is filled with a first mortar blocking layer 61 to improve the connection strength between the fixing sheet 5 and the inner wall of the first cavity 4. In order to meet the use requirements of the stairs, the first mortar plugging layer 61 has the structural characteristics of flatness, compactness, smoothness and the like.
In addition, a first leveling layer 62 can be laid between the first end 11 of the stair body and the abutting surface of the first platform board 21. The lower surface of the first leveling layer 62 is attached to and fixed to the horizontal step surface of the first platform board 21, and the upper surface of the first leveling layer 62 is attached to and fixed to the lower surface of the first end 11 of the stair body. The strength rating of the first screed 62 is not less than M15. Wherein, the material of the first leveling layer 62 can adopt a 1:1 mixture of cement and mortar.
On the basis of any of the above embodiments, a felt is laid between the first end 11 of the stair body and the abutting surface of the first platform plate 21. The friction between the first end 11 of the stair body and the first platform plate 21 can be reduced by the linoleum, and then the relative position adjustment between the stair body and the platform plate can be realized by conveniently combining the sliding hinged relation between the first end 11 and the first platform plate 21. Obviously, the felt can be replaced by other wear-resistant materials.
For a prefabricated staircase structure provided with a first leveling layer 62, a linoleum and the first leveling layer 62 are both laid between the first end 11 and the first platform plate 21. At this time, the linoleum is located above the first leveling layer 62, that is, the first leveling layer 62 is formed by first applying a mixture of cement and mortar to the first platform plate 21, and then the linoleum is applied to the upper surface of the first leveling layer 62.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the abutting surface of the first end 11 and the first platform plate 21 includes a horizontally extending horizontal abutting surface and a longitudinally extending vertical abutting surface. Wherein, the felt is laid on the horizontal binding surface.
Obviously, the middle portion of the felt is provided with a through hole for the first connecting bolt 3 to pass through. When the felt is sleeved with the first connecting bolt 3 through the through hole, the first connecting bolt 3 can limit the radial moving freedom degree of the felt along the first connecting bolt 3.
As for the second end 12 of the stair body, a second cavity extending longitudinally and a second attachment bolt 7 fixed longitudinally may be included. One end of the second connecting bolt 7 is inserted into and fixed in the second wall body, and the other end is fixed in the second platform plate 22.
The second connecting bolt 7 can be fixedly connected with the second platform plate 22 in a concrete pouring mode, so as to be embedded in the second platform plate 22. When the second end 12 of the stair body is hoisted to the upper side of the second platform plate 22, the second cavity is aligned to and sleeved with the second connecting bolt 7, and then filling materials can be poured into gaps between the second cavity and the part of the second connecting bolt 7 inserted into the second cavity, so that the second cavity is fixedly connected with the second connecting bolt 7.
The second connecting bolt 7 may be an M16, C-class bolt. One end of the second connecting bolt 7 close to the second platform plate 22 can be provided with a steel bar anchoring plate to improve the connecting strength and stability of the second connecting bolt 7 and the second platform plate 22.
C40-grade and CGM grouting materials can be filled between the second cavity and the gap of the second connecting bolt 7 to form a grouting layer 8, so that the fixed connection between the second cavity and the second connecting bolt is realized. And a second mortar plugging layer 91 is also filled in the second cavity. Second mortar shutoff layer 91 is located the top on grout blanket 8, for satisfying the operation requirement of stair, should possess level and smooth, closely knit and smooth isotructure characteristics.
In addition, a second leveling layer 92 can be laid between the second end 12 of the stair body and the abutting surface of the second platform plate 22. The lower surface of the second leveling layer 92 is attached to and fixed to the horizontal step surface of the second platform plate 22, and the upper surface of the second leveling layer 92 is attached to and fixed to the lower surface of the second end 12 of the stair body. The strength rating of the second screed 92 is not less than M15. Wherein, the material of the second leveling layer 92 can adopt a 1:1 mixture of cement and mortar.
In order to achieve a better technical effect, two ends of the stair body are respectively provided with a pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs 13. In this embodiment, a pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs 13 at the same end are fixed at intervals along both sides of the width of the stair body, so that the stair body can be lifted above the first platform plate 21 and the second platform plate 22 by a four-point lifting method. The lifting point reinforcing ribs 13 can improve the local structural strength of the stair body at the lifting position, and can conveniently align the stair body, the first platform plate 21 and the second platform plate 22 on the premise of ensuring the structural integrity of the stair body.
The prefabricated staircase structure provided by the invention can be constructed according to the following steps:
the first connecting bolt 3 and the second connecting bolt are embedded in one of the stair body and the platform plate, and a cavity or a hole for the first connecting bolt 3 and the second connecting bolt to respectively penetrate is arranged in the other of the stair body and the platform plate;
secondly, paving a felt and 1:1, mortar setting;
thirdly, measuring the elevation of the bracket, and placing a cushion block on the bracket to adjust the elevation;
fourthly, hoisting the stair to the position above the platform plate by adopting a four-point hoisting method and slowly putting down the stair;
fifthly, adjusting the position of the stair body and carrying out laser leveling;
and sixthly, grouting and setting grout into the cavity or the hole of the stair body.
The prefabricated staircase structure provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A prefabricated staircase structure is characterized by comprising a staircase body with a plurality of steps; the first end (11) of the stair body is hinged with the first platform plate (21) in a sliding mode, and the second end (12) of the stair body is fixedly connected with the second platform plate (22).
2. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 1, characterized in that the first end (11) comprises a longitudinally extending first cavity (4) and a first connecting bolt (3); one end of the first connecting bolt (3) is fixed in the first platform plate (21), and the other end of the first connecting bolt is inserted into the first cavity (4); one end of the first connecting bolt (3) departing from the first platform plate (21) is sleeved and connected with a fixing plate (5); the outer edge of the fixing piece (5) is fixed on the inner wall of the first cavity (4).
3. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 2, characterized in that the first cavity (4) above the stator (5) is filled with a first mortar layer (61); and a first leveling layer (62) is laid between the first end (11) and the joint surface of the first platform plate (21).
4. The prefabricated staircase structure of any of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a felt is applied between the abutting surfaces of the first end (11) and the first platform plate (21).
5. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 4, wherein the abutting faces comprise a horizontally extending horizontal abutting face and a longitudinally extending vertical abutting face; the felt is laid on the horizontal binding surface.
6. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 1, wherein the second end (12) comprises a longitudinally extending second cavity and a second connecting bolt (7); one end of the second connecting bolt (7) is fixed in the second platform plate (22), and the other end of the second connecting bolt is inserted into and fixed in the second cavity.
7. Prefabricated staircase structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the second cavity is fixedly connected to the second connecting bolt (7) by means of a grout layer (8) filled in the gap between the two.
8. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 7, wherein said second cavity is further filled with a second mortar seal (91); the second mortar blocking layer (91) is positioned above the grouting layer (8); and a second leveling layer (92) is laid between the second end (12) and the joint surface of the second platform plate (22).
9. The prefabricated staircase structure of claim 1, wherein a pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs (13) are respectively provided at both ends of the staircase body; and a pair of lifting point reinforcing ribs (13) positioned at the same end are fixed at intervals along two sides of the width of the stair body.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202010813008.5A CN111927015A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Prefabricated staircase structure |
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CN202010813008.5A CN111927015A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Prefabricated staircase structure |
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CN111927015A true CN111927015A (en) | 2020-11-13 |
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CN202010813008.5A Pending CN111927015A (en) | 2020-08-13 | 2020-08-13 | Prefabricated staircase structure |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113513113A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-19 | 中建八局南方建设有限公司 | Combined floor slab joint with different linear expansion coefficient structures and construction method |
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CN106284877A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 成都市第四建筑工程公司 | Assembled stair and installation method thereof |
CN206245619U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-06-13 | 天津远大兴辰住宅工业有限公司 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete staircase boards |
CN206928539U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-01-26 | 上海宇辉住宅工业有限公司 | Stair sliding hinge end mounting structure |
CN207160449U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-03-30 | 上海宇辉住宅工业有限公司 | Stair fix hinge end mounting structure |
CN208072809U (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-11-09 | 济南长兴建设集团工业科技有限公司 | A kind of whole perception type stair of raising |
CN211523837U (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-09-18 | 杭州富凝建筑设计有限公司 | Shock attenuation prefabricated staircase |
-
2020
- 2020-08-13 CN CN202010813008.5A patent/CN111927015A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106284877A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2017-01-04 | 成都市第四建筑工程公司 | Assembled stair and installation method thereof |
CN206245619U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-06-13 | 天津远大兴辰住宅工业有限公司 | Prefabricated reinforced concrete staircase boards |
CN206928539U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-01-26 | 上海宇辉住宅工业有限公司 | Stair sliding hinge end mounting structure |
CN207160449U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-03-30 | 上海宇辉住宅工业有限公司 | Stair fix hinge end mounting structure |
CN208072809U (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-11-09 | 济南长兴建设集团工业科技有限公司 | A kind of whole perception type stair of raising |
CN211523837U (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-09-18 | 杭州富凝建筑设计有限公司 | Shock attenuation prefabricated staircase |
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CN113513113A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-19 | 中建八局南方建设有限公司 | Combined floor slab joint with different linear expansion coefficient structures and construction method |
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