CN111926912A - Integrally prefabricated balcony, connecting node and manufacturing method suitable for assembly type building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrally prefabricated balcony, a connecting node and a manufacturing method suitable for an assembly type building, and belongs to the field of assembly type buildings. The invention provides two integrally prefabricated balcony modules which can be matched with a conventional fabricated building structure system, floor drain openings, water resistance, fire resistance, water and electricity, interior decoration surfaces and the like can be prefabricated in a factory, and only integral hoisting, steel structure connection, building surface layer transition at a connecting position and railing installation are needed on site. The balcony module can be processed and assembled in a factory except for the connecting position of the balcony module and the frame column, so that the quality and the precision of the balcony module are guaranteed; on the other hand, the site construction can be reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Integrally prefabricated balcony, connecting node and manufacturing method suitable for assembly type building

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of assembly type buildings, and particularly relates to an integrally prefabricated balcony, a connecting node and a manufacturing method suitable for the assembly type building.

Background

The traditional steel structure balcony adopts the construction sequence of on-site installation of steel beams, laying of floor bearing plates or supporting molds and laying of floor slab reinforcing steel bars, embedding of railing embedded parts, embedding of pipelines and sleeves, cast-in-place concrete, construction of a building surface layer and installation of railings, and the steps are all completed on site.

Although the steel beam is convenient to install, the overall construction of the balcony can not reflect the industrial development direction of industrialization and assembly.

In addition, in the prior art, more prefabricated balcony forms have also appeared. For example, an assembled steel-concrete prefabricated balcony is disclosed in utility model patent application No. CN201621369038.7, this prefabricated balcony, including prefabricated balcony ring beam, prefabricated balcony board, railing built-in fitting, preformed hole and precast concrete, wherein prefabricated balcony board angle steel skeleton side respectively with horizontal ring beam angle steel skeleton and vertical ring beam angle steel skeleton fixed connection, prefabricated balcony board reinforcing bar net piece includes and forms prefabricated balcony board skeleton at the planar upper and lower facial features of prefabricated balcony board angle steel skeleton, the one end that horizontal ring beam was kept away from to vertical ring beam passes through high strength bolt with the major structure superposed beam and fixes. Equally, disclose a prefabricated balcony of assembled building in utility model patent that application number is CN201821906097.2, this prefabricated balcony's bottom plate at least one side is prefabricated balcony mat surface, prefabricated balcony mat surface is equipped with the balcony bottom plate that links up with major structure and reserves overhanging plate rib, the rail at least one side of prefabricated balcony is equipped with the balcony rail that links up with major structure and reserves outer outrigger muscle, the rail tip of prefabricated balcony still is equipped with the balcony rail shear groove that links up with major structure, the rail top of prefabricated balcony still is equipped with the balcony railing built-in fitting. And after the prefabricated balcony is lifted in place, binding reinforcing steel bars, connecting the prefabricated balcony overhanging reinforcing steel bars with the floor reinforcing steel bars, and finally pouring concrete.

However, the prefabricated balcony still has the defect that a large number of construction processes such as cast-in-place are required, and the requirement of the fabricated building on the construction efficiency cannot be met. Meanwhile, the whole weight of the prefabricated balconies is large, and the requirement on a structural stress system is high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a prefabricated balcony having a high degree of prefabrication, high installation efficiency, and a light weight.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving the problems of the prior art and to providing an integrally prefabricated balcony, a connecting node and a manufacturing method for an assembly type building, which are suitable for the assembly type building, to meet the requirements for installation efficiency and overall weight in the assembly type building.

The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:

the invention provides an integral prefabricated balcony suitable for an assembly type building, which comprises a prefabricated balcony board and two overhanging steel beams, wherein the two overhanging steel beams are arranged on two sides of the prefabricated balcony board in parallel and are connected with the prefabricated balcony board into a whole, and the prefabricated balcony board is integrally supported by the overhanging steel beams on the two sides; the fixed ends of the two cantilever steel beams extend out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab, and connecting pieces used for being fixedly connected with an external bearing structure are arranged on the fixed ends; an edge sealing beam is arranged on the overhanging side, which is far away from the fixed side, of the prefabricated balcony slab, and two ends of the edge sealing beam are erected on overhanging ends of overhanging steel beams on two sides; two girder steels of encorbelmenting with the continuous concatenation of banding roof beam constitutes and encircles the railing fixed part of three sides of encorbelmenting of prefabricated balcony board, and it has a plurality of mountings that are used for connecting fixed balcony railing to pre-bury along the journey on railing fixed part top surface.

Preferably, the cantilever steel beam is an I-shaped steel beam.

Preferably, the edge banding beam is an I-shaped steel beam or an upturned convex edge integrally poured with the prefabricated balcony slab.

Preferably, the prefabricated balcony slab is a concrete slab with built-in structural cloth ribs, and the structural cloth ribs in the slab are fixedly connected with cantilever steel beams on two sides in an overlapping mode and used for bearing vertical loads. For convenience of description, this scheme will be referred to as a first scheme.

Preferably, the prefabricated balcony slab is a composite plate consisting of ALC laths and reinforced concrete; the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab is provided with a transverse steel member, and two ends of the transverse steel member are erected on the two overhanging steel beams; in the composite board, a plurality of ALC strips are arranged on the plane of the prefabricated balcony board in parallel at intervals, the direction of each ALC strip is parallel to the overhanging steel beam, and two ends of each ALC strip are respectively fixed on the edge sealing beam and the transverse steel member in an overlapping manner; the adjacent ALC battens are filled with reinforced concrete bars, and two ends of structural reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete bars are respectively fixed on the edge sealing beam and the transverse steel component in a lap joint mode and used for bearing vertical loads; the joint surfaces of the reinforced concrete blocks and the ALC laths are inclined surfaces, and the ALC laths are upwards supported by the two inclined surfaces of the adjacent reinforced concrete blocks. For convenience of description, this scheme will be referred to as a second scheme.

Preferably, the bottom elevation of the prefabricated balcony slab is lower than the bottom elevation of the cantilever steel beams on the two sides.

Preferably, the top surface elevations of the two cantilever steel beams and the edge sealing beam are higher than the prefabricated balcony slab.

Preferably, the connecting piece is a bolt hole formed in a web plate of the fixed end of the cantilever steel beam.

Preferably, the top of the cantilever steel beam is provided with a hanging connecting piece.

Preferably, the positions, close to the overhanging steel beams on the two sides, of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab are provided with installation avoiding grooves.

Preferably, a riser hole is reserved at one corner of the prefabricated balcony plate close to the fixed side.

Preferably, a floor drain hole is reserved in the prefabricated balcony slab.

Preferably, an embedded wire box conduit is reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab.

Preferably, a functional layer and a decorative layer of a finished balcony are prefabricated on the integral prefabricated balcony; preferably, the outer side surface and the bottom surface of the integrally prefabricated balcony are coated with outer protective aluminum plates, and the prefabricated balcony plate is sequentially provided with a slope finding layer, a waterproof layer, a fireproof layer, an overhead layer and an inner decorative layer from bottom to top; furthermore, the outer aluminum protecting plate on the bottom surface of the balcony is provided with a water dripping line.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a connection node of an integrally prefabricated balcony, according to any one of the first aspect, the integrally prefabricated balcony is installed on two structural columns of a floor where the integrally prefabricated balcony is located in an overhanging manner, and a fixed end of each overhanging steel beam is fixedly connected with the structural columns on the same side through the connecting piece; and a bridge-cut-off structural seam is reserved between one side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the vertical surface of the floor.

Preferably, the structural columns are fixedly welded with connecting clamping plates, and the connecting piece at the fixed end of each cantilever steel beam is fixedly connected with the connecting clamping plates on the structural columns on the same side through bolting, bolting or all-welding.

Further preferably, reinforcing ribs are arranged between the transverse steel members and the external bearing structure.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an integrally prefabricated balcony, as defined in the first aspect, comprising the steps of:

s1: prefabricating cantilever steel beams at two sides of a balcony and fixing pieces for connecting and fixing balcony rails;

s2: placing the two prefabricated cantilever steel beams and the fixing piece into a mould platform in parallel according to a design interval, and arranging a template at the end part of the two cantilever steel beams on the same side for pouring an upturned convex edge serving as an edge sealing beam;

s3: structural reinforcement arrangement is carried out on the prefabricated balcony slab and the upturned convex edge between the two cantilever steel beams, and the ends of the steel bars lapped on the two cantilever steel beams are welded and fixed with the web plate of the cantilever steel beam;

s4: adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, and pouring the mixed concrete into the mould to form a prefabricated structure with the prefabricated balcony slab, the upturned convex edge and the two cantilever steel beams integrated;

s5: after the concrete is initially set, removing the mold and continuously maintaining the internal combined prefabricated member to obtain a broken-hair part;

s6: and laying a functional layer and a decorative layer on the rough part, and reserving the mounting positions of the enclosure guard bars at the three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony slab to finish the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an integrally prefabricated balcony, as defined in the second aspect, comprising the steps of:

s1: prefabricating cantilever steel beams and transverse steel members at two sides of a balcony and fixing pieces for connecting and fixing balcony rails;

s2: placing the two prefabricated cantilever steel beams, the transverse steel member and the fixing piece into a mould platform according to design positions, and connecting and fixing the transverse steel member and the two cantilever steel beams; arranging a template for pouring an upturned convex edge or placing I-steel fixedly connected with the two cantilever steel beams at the end parts of the two cantilever steel beams on the same side to form a sealing edge beam; putting the ALC laths which are pre-cut into trapezoidal sections into a die according to a design interval, and erecting two ends of the ALC laths between the edge sealing beam and the transverse steel member, wherein the shorter bottom edge of the ALC laths faces downwards, and the longer bottom edge of the ALC laths faces upwards;

s3: structural reinforcement arrangement is carried out on a reinforced concrete member in a prefabricated balcony, wherein reinforcing steel bars are arranged in a strip-shaped space between two adjacent ALC strips along the direction parallel to the ALC strips, and two ends of each reinforcing steel bar are welded and fixed with the transverse steel member and a steel structure in the edge sealing beam respectively;

s4: adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, and pouring the mixed concrete into the mould to form a prefabricated structure integrating the prefabricated balcony slab, the edge sealing beam, the transverse steel component and the two cantilever steel beams;

s5: after the concrete is initially set, the mould is dismantled and the internal combined prefabricated part is maintained continuously;

s6: and laying a functional layer and a decorative layer on the prefabricated balcony slab rough parts, and reserving the mounting positions of the enclosure guard bars at the three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony slab to complete the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides two integrally prefabricated balcony modules which can be matched with a conventional fabricated building structure system, floor drain openings, water resistance, fire resistance, water and electricity, interior decoration surfaces and the like can be prefabricated in a factory, and only integral hoisting, steel structure connection, building surface layer transition at a connecting position and railing installation are needed on site. The balcony module can be processed and assembled in a factory except for the connecting position of the balcony module and the frame column, so that the quality and the precision of the balcony module are guaranteed; on the other hand, the site construction can be reduced, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first integrally prefabricated balcony connection node;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a connecting clamp plate secured to a vertical structural column;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a first fastener;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second fastener;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first integrally prefabricated functional and decorative layer on a balcony;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a second integrally prefabricated balcony connecting joint;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 9;

FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of an ALC slat;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the structure of the stiffener;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a second integrally prefabricated functional and decorative layer on a balcony;

the reference numbers in the figures are: the prefabricated balcony slab comprises a prefabricated balcony slab 1, a cantilever steel beam 2, a sealing edge beam 3, a first fixing piece 4, a second fixing piece 5, a avoiding groove 6, a vertical pipe hole 7, a floor drain hole 8, a line box line pipe 9, a structural column 10, a connecting clamp plate 11, a broken bridge structural joint 12, a frame beam 13, a reinforcing rib 14 and a transverse steel member 15.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The technical characteristics in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "fixed" to another element, it can be directly connected or fixed to the other element or indirectly connected or fixed to the other element, i.e., intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected" or secured to another element, it is intended that no intervening elements are present.

The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for the assembly type building provided by the invention comprises a prefabricated balcony slab and two overhanging steel beams, wherein the two overhanging steel beams are arranged on two sides of the prefabricated balcony slab in parallel and are connected with the prefabricated balcony slab into a whole, and the prefabricated balcony slab is integrally supported by the overhanging steel beams on the two sides; the stiff ends of two girder steels of encorbelmenting all stretch out the fixed side of prefabricated balcony slab, and be equipped with on the stiff end and be used for linking up fixed connecting piece with outside load-carrying structure, outside load-carrying structure preferred sets up on the structure post. The overhanging side far away from the fixed side on the prefabricated balcony slab is provided with a sealing edge beam, and the two ends of the sealing edge beam are erected on the overhanging ends of the overhanging steel beams on the two sides. Two girder steel and the banding roof beam of encorbelmenting splice in succession, constitute and encircle the railing fixed part of three sides of encorbelmenting of prefabricated balcony board, along the pre-buried mounting that has a plurality of being used for connecting fixed balcony railing of on the railing fixed part top surface. It should be noted that the edge banding beam in the present invention may be an i-beam or a concrete beam, and may be integrally cast with the prefabricated balcony slab, for example, the upturned raised edge integrally cast with the prefabricated balcony slab may also be regarded as a form of the edge banding beam.

The prefabricated balcony slab in the integral prefabricated balcony can have two different forms, wherein the first form is formed by cast-in-place of reinforced concrete, and the second form adopts a composite form of ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) slabs and reinforced concrete. These two forms of integral prefabricated balconies are described below in an expanded manner.

In one embodiment of the invention, and as shown in figures 1 to 4, there is shown a form of connection node of an integrally prefabricated balcony on a building structure suitable for prefabricated buildings of the first type described above. The basic components of the integral prefabricated balcony comprise a prefabricated balcony slab 1 and two cantilever steel beams 2. Each cantilever beam 2 has two ends, one end for engaging and fixing with an external load-bearing structure, which is called a fixed end for convenience of description, and the other end called a cantilever end. Similarly, for the prefabricated balcony slab 1, the side is close to the floor after installation, and the other three sides are suspended, so that the side close to the floor is a fixed side, and the side opposite to the fixed side is an overhanging side.

The cantilever steel beam 2 in the embodiment is made of I-steel, and other steel members meeting the requirements can be adopted to replace the I-steel in other embodiments. Two girder steel 2 parallel arrangement that encorbelment are in the both sides of prefabricated balcony board 1, and the inside steel construction of prefabricated balcony board 1 links as an organic wholely with two girder steel 2 linkages of encorbelmenting, and then distributes prefabricated balcony board 1 self and upper portion load to two girder steel 2 that encorbelment for prefabricated balcony board 1 is whole to be encorbelmented girder steel 2 cantilever type by both sides and is supported. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 in the embodiment is a concrete slab with built-in structural distributed ribs, and the structural distributed ribs in the slab need to be welded and fixed with the cantilever steel beams 2 on two sides in advance before concrete pouring so as to form a stress system for bearing vertical load. The specific structural bar arrangement parameters can be determined according to structural calculation analysis so as to meet the relevant specifications.

In order to facilitate the installation of this prefabricated balcony, the stiff end of two girder steels 2 of encorbelmenting all stretches out the fixed side of prefabricated balcony board 1, and is equipped with on the stiff end to be used for linking up fixed connecting piece with outside load-carrying members. The form of the connecting piece can be adjusted according to different connecting modes. In this embodiment, the connecting piece is the bolt hole of seting up on the web of I-steel tip, and bolt hole quantity can be adjusted according to the required high strength bolt quantity of stable connection.

Through above-mentioned connecting piece, can fix the stiff end of two girder steels 2 of encorbelmenting on outside load-bearing structure. Referring to fig. 4, in the embodiment, two vertical structural columns 10 of the floor are used as the external bearing structure, so in order to match the connecting member, a connecting clamp plate 11 shown in fig. 5 can be fixed on the two vertical structural columns 10, the connecting clamp plate 11 is formed by processing steel plates, and bolt holes corresponding to the connecting member are formed in the plate surface of the connecting clamp plate. Two connecting clamp plates 11 can be welded and fixed on one vertical structural column 10, the distance between the connecting clamp plates is equal to the thickness of an I-steel web, so that the I-steel web serving as a connecting piece can be inserted between the two connecting clamp plates 11, and a high-strength bolt can be inserted and screwed down and fixed after bolt holes of the connecting piece are aligned. The high-strength bolt, the connecting clamp plate 11 and the I-shaped steel can be further welded and reinforced. The upper and lower flanges at the end of the i-beam can also be welded and reinforced with the side of the vertical structural column 10. Of course, the connection form here needs to be determined according to structural calculation, and on the basis of meeting the structural strength of the connection node, the connection piece at the fixed end of each cantilever steel beam 2 and the connection splint 11 on the structural column 10 on the same side can be fixed by any one of bolting, or all-welded, without limitation.

In addition, the overhanging side, far away from the fixed side, of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is provided with a sealing edge beam 3, and two ends of the sealing edge beam 3 are erected on the overhanging ends of the overhanging steel beams 2 on two sides. Here, the edge banding beam 3 is an upturned convex edge upturned relative to the prefabricated balcony slab 1. Should turn up protruding edge and can pour the shaping with 1 an organic whole of prefabricated balcony slab, inside reinforcement between them is as an organic whole. Two girder steel 2 and the 3 continuous concatenations of banding of encorbelmenting constitute and encircle 1 three railing fixed parts of encorbelmenting the side of prefabricated balcony board. The elevations of different positions of the rail fixing part can be the same or different. The elevation of the edge sealing beam 3 in the embodiment is higher than the elevation of the top surfaces of the two cantilever steel beams 2. The top surface elevations of the two overhanging steel beams 2 and the edge banding beam 3 are higher than that of the prefabricated balcony slab 1, so that the structural stress requirement is met; on the other hand, be convenient for form and enclose the water circle, prevent that the water in the balcony from directly dripping. The effect of railing fixed part is that the installation for balcony guardrail bar provides the basis, consequently considers improving the prefabrication degree, reduces the requirement of follow-up site operation, has a plurality of mountings that are used for connecting fixed balcony railing along the pre-buried journey on railing fixed part top surface. After the prefabricated balcony is installed, the bottom of the handrail is directly connected with the fixing piece.

The pre-buried railing mounting structural style is unlimited to can be installed as being good through assembled connected mode fast. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, different fixing means are provided for the cantilever beam 2 of the i-steel structure and the edge banding beam 3 of the reinforced concrete structure, respectively. Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the fixing members provided on the bind beam 3 and the cantilever beam 2 are referred to as a first fixing member 4 and a second fixing member 5, respectively.

Wherein the first mounting 4 shown in fig. 6 is composed of a guardrail mounting plate with a top opening and embedded steel bars fixed by welding with the bottom of the guardrail mounting plate, the guardrail mounting plate is made of steel plates, the surface of the guardrail mounting plate needs to be flush with or slightly protrude from the upper surface of the upper edge of the turned edge, and the embedded steel bars are poured in the concrete and are bound and welded with the structural cloth bars in the concrete. The bolt hole of seting up on the face of guardrail mounting panel can carry out the bolted connection with railing bottom end plate.

In addition, because the cantilever steel beam 2 adopts I-shaped steel, the upper flange of the cantilever steel beam can be directly welded and fixed with a steel member without arranging embedded steel bars. Therefore, the second fixing member 5 shown in fig. 7 is formed by directly forming a screw hole on the surface of a steel plate. This second mounting 5 also can work as the hangers board and use at the in-process of prefabricated balcony hoist and mount, also can set up other extra hoist and mount connecting pieces as required on the girder steel 2 of encorbelmenting.

Of course, in other embodiments, the edge banding 3 of the balcony in fig. 1 can also be replaced by an i-beam like the cantilever beam 2. When the edge banding beam 3 is made of I-shaped steel, two ends of the edge banding beam need to be welded and fixed with the overhanging steel beams 2 on two sides to form a stressed frame system.

In addition, as a preferred scheme, a notch can be arranged at the position, close to the overhanging steel beams 2 on the two sides, of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 to serve as an installation avoiding groove 6. The arrangement of the spacing groove 6 is avoided in the installation, so that the upper and lower flanges of the cantilever steel beam 2 can be conveniently welded, and the fixed end web plate is connected with the external structural column.

In addition, the prefabricated balcony is also provided with corresponding functional components according to the use function of the balcony, and the specific functional components can be determined according to the design drawing. In this embodiment, a riser hole 7 can be reserved at a corner of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 near the fixed side. Meanwhile, a floor drain hole 8 can be reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab 1. An embedded wire box conduit 9 can be reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab 1 so as to facilitate electrical wiring of a floor below. The installation of these specific functional components is the same as in a conventional balcony, except that they are prefabricated in balcony slabs at the factory.

In addition, in order to further improve the prefabrication degree and reduce the working procedures of site construction, the functional layer and the decorative layer of the finished balcony can be prefabricated on the integral prefabricated balcony. Here, the functional layer of the finished balcony is a layer body with a certain special performance, such as a periphery protection layer, a slope layer, a waterproof layer, a fireproof layer, an overhead layer, etc., of the balcony, and the decorative layer is a layer body with a decorative function, such as a floor, a floor tile, a panel, etc. In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the outer side and the bottom of the balcony can be integrally prefabricated, covered with an outer aluminum protective plate as a protection, and the surface of the concrete balcony slab is provided with a slope layer, a waterproof coiled material, an overhead leveling foot pad, a fireproof plate and an inner decorative surface material from bottom to top in sequence. Furthermore, the outer peripheral aluminum protecting plate on the bottom surface of the balcony can be provided with a water dripping line.

In addition, considering the fire-proof requirement of the steel members in the integral prefabricated balcony, the elevation of the bottom surface of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is preferably lower than the elevation of the bottom surfaces of the cantilever steel beams 2 on the two sides, namely, the bottom surface of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 protrudes for a certain distance relative to the bottom surfaces of the cantilever steel beams 2 on the two sides, and a space is reserved for coating the fire-proof layers on the bottoms of the cantilever steel beams 2 on the two sides. If the edge sealing beam 3 is made of I-shaped steel, the bottom surface of the edge sealing beam can be kept at the same elevation as the bottom surfaces of the cantilever steel beams 2 on the two sides, so that fireproof paint can be coated conveniently.

When the integral prefabricated balcony is installed, the fixed ends of the I-shaped steels on the two sides of the integral prefabricated balcony protrude relative to the prefabricated balcony board 1, so that when the integral prefabricated balcony is installed on two structural columns 10 of a floor where the integral prefabricated balcony is installed in an overhanging mode, a gap is reserved between one side, facing the floor, of the integral prefabricated balcony and a building vertical surface, namely a broken bridge structural gap 12 shown in the figure 1, the external heat insulation is continuous, and therefore the heat insulation performance of a building is improved.

The prefabricated balcony slab 1 in the above embodiment is made of reinforced concrete, and has a good integrity but a heavy overall weight. The invention now provides a second form of prefabricated balcony slab 1, namely a composite slab of ALC laths and reinforced concrete.

In another embodiment of the invention, referring to fig. 9-12, there is shown the use of the composite slab as a connection node of the integral prefabricated balcony to the external load-bearing structure of the prefabricated balcony slab 1. Similar to the first type of prefabricated balcony, the basic elements of the integrated prefabricated balcony also comprise a prefabricated balcony slab 1 and two cantilever steel beams 2. Girder steel 2 and the banding roof beam 3 of encorbelmenting all adopt the I-steel in this embodiment, and two girder steel 2 parallel arrangement that encorbelment are in the both sides of prefabricated balcony slab 1, and the banding roof beam 3 is fixed at two girder steel 2's of encorbelmenting tip, can weld a connecting plate on the web of girder steel 2 of encorbelmenting perpendicularly in advance, is connected through the I-steel web of connecting plate and banding roof beam 3. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 is also supported by the steel beams 2 that encorbelment on both sides and the banding roof beam 3. However, the cross section of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 in the present embodiment is formed by alternately arranging ALC battens 101 and reinforced concrete blocks 102 in the lateral direction, as shown in fig. 10. Under the arrangement form, the reinforcing steel bars arranged transversely and completely cannot be arranged in the prefabricated balcony slab 1, so that the overhanging steel beams 2 with the reinforcing steel bars arranged on two sides cannot bear force like the balcony of the first form. In this embodiment, an additional transverse steel member 15 is required to be arranged on the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab 1, wherein the transverse steel member 15 is an angle steel instead of, but not limited to, an angle steel, and other steel beams can also be used. The both ends of angle steel erect on the lower flange of two girder steel 2 of encorbelmenting and welded fastening prevents the aversion. The angle steel can provide extra atress for the composite sheet and support, and each ALC slat 101 in the composite sheet is parallel and the interval arrangement on 1 plane of prefabricated balcony board, and the trend of each ALC slat 101 is parallel with girder steel 2 that encorbelments, and its both ends overlap joint is fixed on binder beam 3 and horizontal steel member 15 respectively. The ALC ribbon 101 is cut in advance into an isosceles trapezoid cross section as shown in fig. 13, and is placed with the shorter base side down and the longer base side up. Fill by reinforced concrete strip 102 between the adjacent ALC slat 101, and the structure cloth muscle trend in reinforced concrete strip 102 is parallel with girder steel 2 of encorbelmenting, and both ends welded fastening respectively is on blank roof beam 3 and horizontal steel member 15, and then through blank roof beam 3 and horizontal steel member 15 with vertical load distribution to both sides girder steel 2 of encorbelmenting. Moreover, as can be seen from the figure, the engagement surfaces of the reinforced concrete blocks 102 and the ALC lath 101 are inclined surfaces, and the ALC lath 101 is supported upwards by the two inclined surfaces of the adjacent reinforced concrete blocks 102, so as to ensure that the ALC lath 101 can form a stress surface with the reinforced concrete blocks 102, and the ALC lath 101 cannot fall off. Because the ALC laths 101 have the advantages of light weight and high strength, the composite board used as the prefabricated balcony slab 1 has the advantages of reduced overall weight 1/3 compared with the reinforced concrete prefabricated balcony slab of the first mode, and simultaneously can greatly shorten the processing time of the prefabrication of the integral balcony module.

Because cantilever girder steel 2 and banding roof beam 3 all adopt the I-steel in this embodiment, consequently it is used for the installation guardrail mounting can all adopt second mounting 5.

In this embodiment using composite plates, the remaining parts other than the prefabricated balcony slab 1 can be made in a similar manner to the first embodiment. For example, the edge banding beam 3 can also adopt an upturned convex edge which is integrally cast with the prefabricated balcony slab 1. The elevation of the bottom surface of the prefabricated balcony slab 1 is also preferably lower than that of the two overhanging steel beams 2 so as to be convenient for coating fireproof paint. In addition, the top of the cantilever steel beam 2 can also be provided with a hanging connecting piece. The prefabricated balcony slab 1 can also be provided with a spacing groove 6, a riser hole 7, a floor drain hole 8, an embedded line box conduit 9 and the like in advance.

In addition, in the preferred embodiment, due to the provision of the above-described cross steel member 15, a reinforcing rib 14 may be provided between the cross steel member 15 and the frame beam 13 erected on the structural column 10 in order to reinforce the structural stability at that position. One form of reinforcing rib 14 is shown in figure 14.

Likewise, the second type of integrally prefabricated balcony may also be prefabricated with the functional and decorative layers of the finished balcony. In a preferred embodiment, the outer side surface and the bottom surface of the integral prefabricated balcony are covered with an outer aluminum protection plate with a water dripping line, and the prefabricated balcony plate 1 is sequentially provided with a slope layer, a waterproof coiled material, an overhead leveling foot pad, a fireproof plate and an inner decoration surface material from bottom to top.

When the integrally prefabricated balcony shown in fig. 9 and the external structural columns 10 form a connection node, the integrally prefabricated balcony is installed on the two structural columns 10 on the floor where the integrally prefabricated balcony is installed in an overhanging manner, and the fixed end of each overhanging steel beam 2 is fixedly connected with the structural columns 10 on the same side through a connecting piece. Similarly, a broken bridge structure seam 12 can be left between the side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the vertical surface of the floor so as to keep the outer wall heat-insulating layer continuous.

It should be noted that the surface layer of the prefabricated balcony in the above two schemes can be an overhead ground for dry operation or a ground for conventional wet operation.

As mentioned above, the above embodiments show different implementations of the integrally prefabricated balcony, which can be prefabricated in a factory and then transported to a construction site for assembly. In order to better understand the present invention, two different types of methods for manufacturing the integrally prefabricated balcony are further shown below.

For the integrally prefabricated balcony shown in fig. 1, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

s1: girder steel 2 that encorbelments in the balcony both sides is prefabricated in the mill, and bilateral symmetry is totally two, and its steel construction is become by I-steel and lug plate welding, and the lug plate is used for lifting by crane. Meanwhile, the fixing piece for connecting and fixing the balcony rails is prefabricated and comprises a first fixing piece 4 and a second fixing piece 5.

S2: the two prefabricated cantilever steel beams 2 and the fixing piece are sequentially required and are parallelly placed into a steel mould platform according to a design interval, and the end parts of the two cantilever steel beams 2 on the same side are provided with a template for pouring an upturned convex edge serving as the edge sealing beam 3. Finally, the mould platform forms a hollow cavity for pouring.

S3: carry out the structural cloth muscle to prefabricated balcony slab 1 between two girder steel 2 encorbelments and turn over protruding edge on and to the reinforcing bar end of overlap joint on two girder steel 2 encorbelments and the web welded fastening of girder steel 2 encorbelments.

S4: adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, pouring the mixed concrete into the mould, vibrating by using a vibrating rod, trimming and maintaining to form a prefabricated structure with the prefabricated balcony slab 1, the upturned convex edge and the two cantilever steel beams 2 integrated;

s5: and after the concrete is initially set, beginning to demolish auxiliary work such as a peripheral steel die and a clamping device of the prefabricated part, standing the internal prefabricated part, obtaining a broken blank after natural or scientific curing is finished, and moving the broken blank to an internal decoration workshop for subsequent operation.

S6: laying a functional layer and a decorative layer on the rough part: firstly, conventionally finding a slope for a balcony rough part, paving a waterproof coiled material, and installing a balcony floor drain according to requirements; then, mounting a ground overhead structure and a decorative floor on the inner surface of the balcony according to requirements; finally, the balcony prefabricated part is subjected to outer decoration edge covering subsection installation, and the installation positions of the enclosure guard rails are reserved at three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony board 1;

s7: and finally, finishing the packaging, fixing and marking of the prefabricated balcony according to the design drawing and warehousing to finish the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

Similarly, for the integrally prefabricated balcony shown in fig. 9, the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

s1: girder steel 2 that encorbelments in the balcony both sides is prefabricated in the mill, and bilateral symmetry is totally two, and its steel construction is become by I-steel and lug plate welding, and the lug plate is used for lifting by crane. Simultaneously, prefabricate the second mounting 5 that is used for connecting fixed balcony railing, second mounting 5 can weld the I-steel relevant position in advance. In addition, L-shaped angle steel as the transverse steel member 15 needs to be prefabricated.

S2: put into the mould platform with two prefabricated girder steel 2, the horizontal steel member 15 of encorbelmenting and second mounting 5 according to the design position, with horizontal steel member 15 and two girder steel 2 welded fastening of encorbelmenting. And I-steel serving as the edge sealing beam 3 is fixed at the end part of the same side of the two cantilever steel beams 2. Putting the ALC laths which are pre-cut into trapezoid cross sections into a die according to a design interval, and enabling the two ends of the ALC laths to be erected between the edge sealing beam 3 and the transverse steel component, wherein the shorter bottom edge of the ALC laths faces downwards, and the longer bottom edge of the ALC laths faces upwards.

Of course, in this step, the edge-sealing beam 3 may be replaced by the upturned protruding edge, and at this time, a formwork for casting the upturned protruding edge may be disposed at the end portion of the same side of the two overhanging steel beams 2, so as to form the edge-sealing beam 3 by casting concrete subsequently.

S3: structural reinforcement is arranged aiming at reinforced concrete members in the prefabricated balcony, if the edge sealing beam 3 adopts I-shaped steel, the reinforced concrete members needing reinforcement arrangement are reinforced concrete strip blocks 102 among ALC (autoclaved lightweight concrete) battens, and if the edge sealing beam 3 adopts upturned convex edges, the reinforced concrete members needing reinforcement arrangement are reinforced concrete strip blocks 102 among ALC battens and upturned convex edges. Wherein, arrange the reinforcing bar along the trend of parallel ALC slat in the bar space between two adjacent ALC slats, and reinforcing bar both ends respectively with the steel construction welded fastening in horizontal steel member 15 and the banding roof beam 3.

S4: and adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, pouring the mixed concrete into the mould, vibrating by using a vibrating rod, trimming and maintaining to form a prefabricated structure integrating the prefabricated balcony slab 1, the edge sealing beam 3, the transverse steel component and the two cantilever steel beams 2.

S5: and after the concrete is initially set, beginning to demolish auxiliary work such as a peripheral steel die and a clamping device of the prefabricated part, standing the internal prefabricated part, obtaining a broken blank after natural or scientific curing is finished, and moving the broken blank to an internal decoration workshop for subsequent operation.

S6: laying a functional layer and a decorative layer on the rough part: firstly, conventionally finding a slope for a balcony rough part, paving a waterproof coiled material, and installing a balcony floor drain according to requirements; then, mounting a ground overhead structure and a decorative floor on the inner surface of the balcony according to requirements; finally, the balcony prefabricated part is subjected to outer decoration edge covering subsection installation, and the installation positions of the enclosure guard rails are reserved at three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony board 1;

s7: and finally, finishing the packaging, fixing and marking of the prefabricated balcony according to the design drawing and warehousing to finish the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The integral prefabricated balcony suitable for the assembly type building is characterized by comprising a prefabricated balcony board (1) and two cantilever steel beams (2), wherein the two cantilever steel beams (2) are arranged on two sides of the prefabricated balcony board (1) in parallel and are connected with the prefabricated balcony board (1) into a whole, and the prefabricated balcony board (1) is integrally supported by the cantilever steel beams (2) on the two sides; the fixed ends of the two cantilever steel beams (2) extend out of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), and connecting pieces for connecting and fixing with an external bearing structure are arranged on the fixed ends; an edge sealing beam (3) is arranged on the overhanging side, far away from the fixed side, of the prefabricated balcony slab (1), and two ends of the edge sealing beam (3) are erected on overhanging ends of overhanging steel beams (2) on two sides; two girder steel (2) of encorbelmenting with edge sealing roof beam (3) splice in succession, constitute and encircle prefabricated balcony board (1) the railing fixed part of three sides of encorbelmenting, along the pre-buried a plurality of mountings that are used for connecting fixed balcony railing that have of journey on the railing fixed part top surface.

2. The integrally prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, wherein said cantilever steel beams (2) are preferably i-beams; preferably, the edge sealing beam (3) is an I-shaped steel beam or an upturned convex edge integrally poured with the prefabricated balcony slab (1); preferably, the elevation of the bottom surface of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) is lower than the elevation of the bottom surfaces of the cantilever steel beams (2) on the two sides.

3. The integrally precast balcony suitable for the prefabricated building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the precast balcony slab (1) is a concrete slab with built-in structural reinforcement bars, and the structural reinforcement bars in the slab are fixed with the cantilever steel beams (2) at both sides in an overlapping manner for bearing vertical load.

4. The integrally prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said prefabricated balcony slab (1) is a composite slab consisting of ALC lath and reinforced concrete; a transverse steel member (15) with two ends erected on the two cantilever steel beams (2) is arranged on the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1); in the composite board, a plurality of ALC strips are arranged on the plane of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) in parallel at intervals, the direction of each ALC strip is parallel to the overhanging steel beam (2), and two ends of each ALC strip are respectively fixed on the edge sealing beam (3) and the transverse steel member (15) in an overlapping manner; the adjacent ALC battens are filled with reinforced concrete bars, and two ends of structural reinforcing bars in the reinforced concrete bars are respectively fixed on the edge sealing beam (3) and the transverse steel member (15) in a lap joint mode and used for bearing vertical loads; the joint surfaces of the reinforced concrete blocks and the ALC laths are inclined surfaces, and the ALC laths are upwards supported by the two inclined surfaces of the adjacent reinforced concrete blocks.

5. An integrally prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings according to claim 2, wherein said connecting pieces are preferably bolt holes opened on a web plate at the fixed end of the cantilever steel beam (2); preferably, a hanging connecting piece is arranged at the top of the cantilever steel beam (2); preferably, installation avoiding grooves (6) are formed in the positions, close to the overhanging steel beams (2) on the two sides, of the fixed side of the prefabricated balcony slab (1); preferably, a riser hole (7) is reserved at one corner of the prefabricated balcony slab (1) close to the fixed side; preferably, a floor drain hole (8) is reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab (1); preferably, an embedded wire box conduit (9) is reserved on the prefabricated balcony slab (1).

6. An integrally prefabricated balcony suitable for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, wherein the integrally prefabricated balcony is prefabricated with a functional layer and a decorative layer of a finished balcony; preferably, the outer side surface and the bottom surface of the integrally prefabricated balcony are coated with outer protective aluminum plates, and the prefabricated balcony plate (1) is sequentially provided with a slope finding layer, a waterproof layer, a fireproof layer, an overhead layer and an inner decorative layer from bottom to top; furthermore, the outer peripheral aluminum protecting plate on the bottom surface of the balcony is provided with a water dripping line.

7. A connecting node of an integral prefabricated balcony according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the integral prefabricated balcony is installed on two structural columns (10) of a floor in an overhanging manner, and the fixed end of each overhanging steel beam (2) is fixedly connected with the structural column (10) on the same side through the connecting piece; and a bridge-cut-off structural seam (12) is reserved between one side of the integral prefabricated balcony facing the floor and the vertical surface of the floor.

8. The connection node according to claim 7, characterized in that the structural columns (10) are welded and fixed with connection clamping plates (11), and the connecting piece at the fixed end of each cantilever steel beam (2) is fixed with the connection clamping plates (11) on the structural columns (10) on the same side through bolting, bolting or all-welding; preferably, reinforcing ribs (14) are provided between the transverse steel members (15) and the external load-bearing structure.

9. A method of fabricating an integrally prefabricated balcony according to claim 3, wherein the steps of:

s1: cantilever steel beams (2) at two sides of a balcony and fixing pieces for connecting and fixing balcony rails are prefabricated;

s2: placing two prefabricated cantilever steel beams (2) and the fixing piece into a mould platform in parallel according to a design interval, and arranging a template at the end part of the two cantilever steel beams (2) on the same side for pouring an upturned convex edge serving as a sealing edge beam (3);

s3: structural reinforcement arrangement is carried out on the prefabricated balcony slab (1) and the upturned convex edge between the two cantilever steel beams (2), and the ends of the steel bars lapped on the two cantilever steel beams (2) are welded and fixed with the web plate of the cantilever steel beam (2);

s4: adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, and pouring the mixed concrete into the mould to form a prefabricated structure with the prefabricated balcony slab (1), the upturned convex edge and the two cantilever steel beams (2) integrated;

s5: after the concrete is initially set, removing the mold and continuously maintaining the internal combined prefabricated member to obtain a broken-hair part;

s6: and paving a functional layer and a decorative layer on the rough part, and reserving the mounting positions of the enclosure guard rails at the three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony board (1) to finish the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

10. A method of fabricating an integrally prefabricated balcony according to claim 4, wherein the steps of:

s1: cantilever steel beams (2) at two sides of a balcony, transverse steel members (15) and fixing pieces for connecting and fixing balcony rails are prefabricated;

s2: placing the two prefabricated cantilever steel beams (2), the transverse steel member (15) and the fixing piece into a mould platform according to design positions, and connecting and fixing the transverse steel member (15) and the two cantilever steel beams (2); arranging a template for pouring an upturned convex edge or placing I-steel connected and fixed with the two cantilever steel beams (2) at the end parts of the two cantilever steel beams (2) on the same side to form a sealing beam (3); putting the ALC laths which are cut into trapezoid cross sections in advance into a mould according to a design interval, and enabling the two ends of the ALC laths to be erected between the edge sealing beam (3) and the transverse steel component (15), wherein the shorter bottom edge of the ALC laths faces downwards, and the longer bottom edge of the ALC laths faces upwards;

s3: structural reinforcement arrangement is carried out on reinforced concrete members in the prefabricated balcony, wherein reinforcing steel bars are arranged in a strip-shaped space between two adjacent ALC strips along the direction parallel to the ALC strips, and two ends of each reinforcing steel bar are welded and fixed with the transverse steel members (15) and steel structures in the edge sealing beam (3) respectively;

s4: adjusting the clearance between each component and the template in the mould to a design value, and pouring the mixed concrete into the mould to form a prefabricated structure integrating the prefabricated balcony slab (1), the edge sealing beam (3), the transverse steel component (15) and the two cantilever steel beams (2);

s5: after the concrete is initially set, the mould is dismantled and the internal combined prefabricated part is maintained continuously;

s6: and (3) paving a functional layer and a decorative layer on the rough part of the prefabricated balcony plate (1), and reserving the mounting positions of the enclosure guard bars at the three overhanging side edges of the prefabricated balcony plate (1) to complete the manufacture of the integral prefabricated balcony.

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