CN111925259B - Emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111925259B CN111925259B CN202010710060.8A CN202010710060A CN111925259B CN 111925259 B CN111925259 B CN 111925259B CN 202010710060 A CN202010710060 A CN 202010710060A CN 111925259 B CN111925259 B CN 111925259B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability and a preparation method thereof, wherein the emulsion explosive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-15 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-15 parts of water, 0.1-0.5 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 1.5 parts of Span-800.5, 3-7 parts of composite oil phase, 0.1-0.3 part of composite sensitizer and 0.1-0.3 part of accelerator. The invention obviously improves the stability of the emulsion explosive in long-term storage through the synergistic effect of the components, and the emulsion explosive still has good explosion effect after being stored for about 11 months.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of emulsion explosives, in particular to an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The emulsion explosive is a novel industrial explosive developed in the 20 th century and the 70 th century, and is formed by uniformly dispersing microdroplets of an oxidant salt aqueous solution in an oil phase continuous medium containing porous substances such as dispersed bubbles or hollow glass beads and the like under the action of an emulsifier.
The stability of the emulsion explosive is an important factor influencing the quality of the emulsion explosive, and the quality of the stability is usually expressed by the natural storage period. The storage stability of the emulsion explosive is closely related to the composition and the structure of the emulsion explosive, and the stability of the emulsion explosive can be changed due to different compositions, formulas and preparation processes, wherein the most important factor influencing the stability is the raw material for preparing the emulsion explosive. The existing emulsion explosive mostly has the problem of poor stability after long-term storage.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability and the preparation method thereof, and the prepared emulsion explosive has good long-term storage stability.
The invention provides an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-15 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-15 parts of water, 0.1-0.5 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 1.5 parts of Span-800.5, 3-7 parts of composite oil phase, 0.1-0.3 part of composite sensitizer and 0.1-0.3 part of accelerator.
Preferably, the composite sensitizer is expanded perlite and sodium nitrite, and the mass ratio of the expanded perlite to the sodium nitrite is 1-5: 1.
Preferably, the accelerator is phosphoric acid.
The preparation method of the emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing an oil phase;
s2: preparation of the aqueous phase
Conveying ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a water phase tank, and dissolving by steam with the pressure of not higher than 0.4MPa to achieve the temperature of 97 +/-5 ℃ for storage;
s3: emulsification
Adding the oil phase in the S1, the water phase in the S2, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine into a static mixer for mixing, and then adding the mixed solution into an emulsifying device for emulsifying;
s4: sensitization
And (3) cooling the emulsion matrix obtained by the emulsification of the S3 through a steel belt explosive cooling machine, adding a composite sensitizer and an accelerant into a double-layer sensitizing machine for sensitization after cooling, and fully stirring to obtain the finished product of the emulsion explosive.
Preferably, the temperature of emulsification in S3 is 97 ± 5 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature for sensitization in S4 is 45.5 +/-4.5 ℃, and the density of the finished emulsion explosive after sensitization is 1.1g/cm3-1.5g/cm3。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
according to the invention, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine are used in a compounding manner, so that the storage performance of the prepared emulsion explosive is far higher than that of the emulsion explosive prepared by using a single component, and the two components added in the emulsion explosive have a synergistic effect on improving the storage performance of the emulsion explosive, and the prepared emulsion explosive still has good explosive performance after being stored for more than 11 months.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The invention provides an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 parts of sodium nitrate, 5 parts of water, 0.1 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.1 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 0.8978 parts of Span-800.5 parts, 3 parts of composite oil phase, 0.05 part of expanded perlite, 0.05 part of sodium nitrite and 0.1 part of phosphoric acid.
The preparation method of the emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing an oil phase;
s2: preparation of the aqueous phase
Conveying ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a water phase tank, and dissolving by steam with the pressure of not higher than 0.4MPa to achieve the temperature of 92 ℃ for heat preservation and storage;
s3: emulsification
Adding the oil phase in the S1, the water phase in the S2, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine into a static mixer for mixing, and then adding the mixed solution into an emulsifying device for emulsifying;
s4: sensitization
And (3) cooling the emulsion matrix obtained by the emulsification of the S3 through a steel belt explosive cooling machine, adding a composite sensitizer and an accelerant into a double-layer sensitizing machine for sensitization after cooling, and fully stirring to obtain the finished product of the emulsion explosive.
The emulsifying temperature in S3 is 92 ℃, the adopted emulsifying device is a JK static emulsifying system of the Jinaobo company, and the rotating speed is 400 r/min.
The temperature of sensitization in S4 is 41 ℃, and the density of the finished product emulsion explosive after sensitization is 1.1g/cm3。
Example 2
The invention provides an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 15 parts of sodium nitrate, 15 parts of water, 0.5 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.5 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 0.5 part of Span-801.5 parts, 7 parts of composite oil phase, 0.25 part of expanded perlite, 0.05 part of sodium nitrite and 0.3 part of phosphoric acid.
The preparation method of the emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing an oil phase;
s2: preparation of the aqueous phase
Conveying ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a water phase tank, and dissolving by steam with the pressure of not higher than 0.4MPa to achieve the temperature of 102 ℃ for heat preservation and storage;
s3: emulsification
Adding the oil phase in the S1, the water phase in the S2, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine into a static mixer for mixing, and then adding the mixed solution into an emulsifying device for emulsifying;
s4: sensitization
And (3) cooling the emulsion matrix obtained by the emulsification of the S3 through a steel belt explosive cooling machine, adding a composite sensitizer and an accelerant into a double-layer sensitizing machine for sensitization after cooling, and fully stirring to obtain the finished product of the emulsion explosive.
The emulsifying temperature in S3 is 102 ℃, and the rotating speed is 600 r/min.
The temperature of sensitization in S4 is 50 ℃, and the density of the sensitized finished emulsion explosive is 1.5g/cm3。
Example 3
The invention provides an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
75 parts of ammonium nitrate, 10 parts of sodium nitrate, 10 parts of water, 0.3 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.3 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 0.801 part of Span-801 part, 5 parts of composite oil phase, 0.15 part of expanded perlite, 0.05 part of sodium nitrite and 0.2 part of phosphoric acid.
The preparation method of the emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing an oil phase;
s2: preparation of the aqueous phase
Conveying ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a water phase tank, and dissolving by steam with the pressure of not higher than 0.4MPa to achieve the temperature of 97 ℃ for heat preservation and storage;
s3: emulsification
Adding the oil phase in the S1, the water phase in the S2, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine into a static mixer for mixing, and then adding the mixed solution into an emulsifying device for emulsifying;
s4: sensitization
And (3) cooling the emulsion matrix obtained by the emulsification of the S3 through a steel belt explosive cooling machine, adding a composite sensitizer and an accelerant into a double-layer sensitizing machine for sensitization after cooling, and fully stirring to obtain the finished product of the emulsion explosive.
The emulsifying temperature in S3 is 97 ℃, and the rotating speed is 500 r/min.
The temperature of sensitization in S4 is 45.5 ℃, and the density of the finished product emulsion explosive after sensitization is 1.3g/cm3。
Comparative example 1
This scheme differs from example 3 in that 0.3 parts of dodecylhydroxypropyl phosphate betaine are all replaced with dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, and the remaining conditions are the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The scheme differs from example 3 in that 0.3 part of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride is replaced entirely by dodecylhydroxypropylphosphobetaine, and the other conditions are the same as in example 3.
The emulsion explosives prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were specified in terms of long-term storage stability, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 test results
From the above test data, it can be seen that the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive of examples 1-2 can be maintained above 90% after being stored for 10 months, while the detonation velocity of example 3 can be maintained above 90% after being stored for 11 months, and in contrast to comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the detonation velocity of the emulsion explosive is greatly reduced to 82% and 85.8% of the initial detonation velocity after being stored for 6 months and 7 months, respectively, thereby proving that the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine added in the present application have synergistic effect in improving the stability of the emulsion explosive, so that the prepared emulsion explosive can still maintain above 90% after being stored for about 11 months.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
70-80 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-15 parts of sodium nitrate, 5-15 parts of water, 0.1-0.5 part of dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 0.1-0.5 part of dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, 1.5 parts of Span-800.5, 3-7 parts of composite oil phase, 0.1-0.3 part of composite sensitizer and 0.1-0.3 part of accelerator.
2. The emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability according to claim 1, wherein the composite sensitizer is expanded perlite and sodium nitrite, and the mass ratio is 1-5: 1.
3. The emulsion explosive with long term storage stability of claim 1, wherein the accelerator is phosphoric acid.
4. A process for the preparation of an emulsion explosive with long term storage stability according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the process steps are as follows:
s1: preparing an oil phase;
s2: preparation of the aqueous phase
Conveying ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate and water into a water phase tank, and dissolving by steam with the pressure of not higher than 0.4MPa to achieve the temperature of 97 +/-5 ℃ for storage;
s3: emulsification
Adding the oil phase in the S1, the water phase in the S2, the dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and the dodecyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine into a static mixer for mixing, and then adding the mixed solution into an emulsifying device for emulsifying;
s4: sensitization
And (3) cooling the emulsion matrix obtained by the emulsification of the S3 through a steel belt explosive cooling machine, adding a composite sensitizer and an accelerant into a double-layer sensitizing machine for sensitization after cooling, and fully stirring to obtain the finished product of the emulsion explosive.
5. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of emulsification in S3 is 97 ± 5 ℃.
6. The method for preparing an emulsion explosive with long-term storage stability according to claim 4, wherein the temperature for sensitization in S4 is 45.5 +/-4.5 ℃, and the density of the sensitized finished emulsion explosive is 1.1g/cm3-1.5g/cm3。
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| CN115141341A (en) * | 2022-06-26 | 2022-10-04 | 瀚寅(苏州)新材料科技有限公司 | Combined polyether for full-water-blown polyurethane and preparation method thereof |
| CN114988971B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-04-30 | 河南华通化工有限公司 | Low-temperature-resistant colloidal emulsion explosive and preparation method thereof |
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| DE1920415A1 (en) * | 1968-04-24 | 1970-01-15 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Explosive |
| US5834539A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1998-11-10 | Krivohlavek; Dennis | Multiple phase emulsions in burner fuel, combustion, emulsion and explosives applications |
| CN102060634A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-05-18 | 山东天宝化工有限公司 | Emulsion explosive and rapid chemical foaming sensitization method thereof |
| CN106032436A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-10-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Emulsifying wax composition, preparation method and applications thereof |
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2020
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| US5834539A (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1998-11-10 | Krivohlavek; Dennis | Multiple phase emulsions in burner fuel, combustion, emulsion and explosives applications |
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