CN111925048B - Transverse deep control system and method for surface runoff pollution of water area - Google Patents
Transverse deep control system and method for surface runoff pollution of water area Download PDFInfo
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- CN111925048B CN111925048B CN202010681263.9A CN202010681263A CN111925048B CN 111925048 B CN111925048 B CN 111925048B CN 202010681263 A CN202010681263 A CN 202010681263A CN 111925048 B CN111925048 B CN 111925048B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/10—Solids, e.g. total solids [TS], total suspended solids [TSS] or volatile solids [VS]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution treatment, and particularly provides a system and a method for controlling transverse deep layer of surface runoff pollution of a water area. The river or lake surface runoff pollution is subjected to multi-system and multi-dimensional step cooperative control by organically combining a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a shore ecological revetment and other multi-system, and particularly the transverse submerged filter layer formed by special water storage materials is adopted, and meanwhile, three functions and integration of water passing, water storage and filtration are realized, the pollution of initial rainwater is effectively controlled and intercepted in a targeted manner, the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the ecological niche and ecological revetment of various plants are constructed, and the landscape is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution treatment, and particularly relates to a transverse deep control system and method for surface runoff pollution of a water area.
Background
Rainfall runoff pollution is the most serious of non-point source pollution, the pollution occurrence has randomness and great fluctuation of the total pollutant emission amount, under the condition that the public has increased environmental requirements, the pollution control of all countries in the world is more and more important, and environmental protection workers have invested great manpower and material resources in the field. With the continuous acceleration of the urban process in China, the scale of the urban area is enlarged, the land is changed, a large number of impervious earth surfaces appear, and the hydrologic process of the area is obviously changed. These changes, while increasing surface runoff, also result in pollution of the water body by surface runoff. Rainfall runoff pollution can be classified into urban runoff pollution, agricultural production pollution, rural livestock and poultry manure pollution, forest area surface runoff pollution, mining area and construction site surface runoff pollution and other pollution according to different pollutant sources. The surface runoff contains various organic pollutants, suspended particles, nutrient salts, heavy metals, toxic organic pollutants and the like.
According to the characteristics of urban rainfall runoff pollution formation and the relation between the urban rainfall runoff pollution formation and a drainage system, the corresponding control technology can be simply divided into three types of source reduction, pipeline control, terminal treatment and the like. In the traditional urban rainwater management and treatment engineering of China, most of technologies of sedimentation tanks, seepage pits, porous pavement, water storage tanks and other optimal management measures (BMP) are adopted, and developed countries have proposed low-impact development (LID) technology for reducing urban runoff pollution from the source in the 90 th century, and are widely applied abroad. The LID technology achieves the control of runoff and pollutants generated by heavy rain through a scattered and small-scale source control mechanism, and comprehensively adopts various modes such as infiltration, filtration, evaporation, flow accumulation and the like to reduce runoff drainage, so that the development area is as close to natural hydrologic cycle as possible. Common LID measures are bioretention ponds, vegetation filtration strips, rainwater collection tanks, etc. However, many existing technologies generally have the problems of single technical measures, high investment cost, difficult operation and maintenance, incapability of long-term stable operation and the like. For example, the patent No. ZL 201410152751.5, a method for constructing a road runoff pollution control greening system, has multiple functions of intercepting pollutants, but the first stage sewage interception green sheet is filled with a large amount of small-particle fly ash and sand stone fillers, and has good treatment effect in the initial stage of use, but the first stage sewage interception green sheet has too small filter particle size and no regeneration function, so that the filter function is lost due to the blockage of the fillers, and an anaerobic space is formed, thereby deteriorating the environment. For example, the patent No. ZL 201721270898.X, "a system for regulating rainfall runoff and removing pollutants", adopts a dynamic filtration and separation system, has good treatment effect, but has a large number of mechanical transmission mechanisms and electric components, and is easy to break down in a humid water-shore environment. For example, the patent 'rainwater runoff pollution interception facility' with the patent number ZL201720398055.1 adopts an unpowered structure, and utilizes a hydrocyclone to remove pollutants, and the rainwater volume is generally uneven, so that the facility can only have a better pollution control effect in a small rainfall interval, and the problems of single technical measure, large amount of reinforced concrete engineering required, high investment and environment incompatibility exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of high cost of river and lake runoff pollution treatment in the prior art.
The invention provides a transverse deep control system for surface runoff pollution of a water area, which comprises a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a submerged regenerated plant belt and a wooden revetment;
the runoff ecological intercepting ditches are arranged on the back water side of the shoreline sidewalk and the facing side of the ground and are parallel to the sidewalk, water storage materials are filled in the runoff ecological intercepting ditches, and ecological plants are planted on the surface layer of the water storage materials;
one end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with the bottom of the runoff ecological intercepting ditch, and the other end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with an emergent aquatic plant purifying belt of the ecological revetment of the shore water and is used as a water passing channel, an aquifer and an adsorption filter belt for the intercepted surface runoff to enter the water body;
the submerged regenerated plant belt is arranged at the ground surface above the transverse submerged filter layer, and the root system of the submerged regenerated plant belt stretches into the water storage material to absorb pollutants;
the wood revetment is laid along the water surface line, the filter geotechnical cloth is laid on the back surface of the wood revetment, and the filter geotechnical cloth stretches into the lower part of the water storage material in the transverse submerged filter layer.
Preferably, the clearance between the runoff ecological intercepting ditch and the outer side of the sidewalk is 0.5m, the elevation of the ditch top is 0.05m lower than that of the sidewalk or the ground, the ditch top width is 0.5m, the ditch depth is 0.5m, the ditch bottom is arc-shaped, and a plain soil structure is adopted.
Preferably, the ecological plants comprise herbs including carpet grass and dwarf bermuda.
Preferably, the filter layer height of the transverse submerged layer filter layer is 0.3-0.5 m, the width of each filter layer unit is 5-7 m, the distance from the top to the ground is 0.3-0.5 m, 60% of novel water storage material 3 and 40% of gravel 5 are filled in the filter layer, the novel water storage material 3 and 40% of gravel 5 are uniformly mixed, and the particle size of the gravel 5 is 0.8-1.2 mm.
Preferably, the wooden revetment is composed of fir piles, the diameter of the piles is 50-100 mm, the length of the piles exposed out of the ground is 150-300 mm, the length of the piles below the ground is 0.8-1.5 m, the bottoms of the piles are wedge-shaped, the tops of the piles are circular, the pile bodies are cylindrical, the barks of the pile bodies are reserved, and the pile bodies are vertical to the ground and are continuously arranged.
Preferably, the filtering geotextile has a length of 0.2-0.5 mm and an area density of not less than 200g/m 2 Is a filament water permeable geotextile.
Preferably, the water storage material is sintered, the shape is spherical particles, the particle size is 2-5 cm, the manufacturing raw materials comprise river and lake sediment, slag or municipal sludge, the manufacturing auxiliary materials comprise straw, chaff, reed stems or garden waste, and the bulk density is 100-300 kg/m 3 The water storage rate is 50-120%, and the cylinder pressure strength is 0.8-1.5 MPa.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt is arranged on the leeward side of the wooden revetment, and the width is 0.5-1.0 m.
Preferably, the emergent aquatic plant cleaning belt comprises reed, canna, calamus and flowers, wherein the planting density of the reed is 36 plants/m 2 The planting density of canna is 15 plants/m 2 The planting density of the calamus is 3-5 plants/cluster, 9 clusters/m 2 Flowers are planted again with the density of 10-20 buds/cluster and 2-3 clusters/m 2 。
The invention also provides a transverse deep control method for the surface runoff pollution of the water area, which comprises the following steps:
arranging a runoff ecological intercepting ditch on the water carrying side of the water shoreline sidewalk to form a surface runoff intercepting and intercepting control belt, filling water storage materials in the runoff ecological intercepting ditch, and planting ecological plants;
a transverse submerged filter layer is arranged on the water facing side of the runoff ecological cut-off ditch so as to form a deep filter layer and a water flow channel, and water storage materials and gravel are filled in the deep filter layer and the water flow channel;
the waterside ecological revetment is arranged on the waterside of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer, a water outlet belt and a terminal surface filtering belt of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer are formed, and the water outlet belt and the terminal surface filtering belt are composed of emergent aquatic plant purifying belts, filtering geotechnical cloth and wooden revetments.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a system and a method for controlling the transverse deep layer of surface runoff pollution of a water area, which comprise a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a submerged regenerated plant belt and a wooden revetment. The river or lake surface runoff pollution is subjected to multi-system and multi-dimensional step cooperative control by organically combining a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a shore ecological revetment and other multi-system, and particularly the transverse submerged filter layer formed by special water storage materials is adopted, and meanwhile, three functions and integration of water passing, water storage and filtration are realized, the pollution of initial rainwater is effectively controlled and intercepted in a targeted manner, the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the ecological niche and ecological revetment of various plants are constructed, and the landscape is greatly improved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan layout view of a lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in a water area according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the vertical arrangement of the horizontal deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas.
Reference numerals illustrate: runoff ecological cut-off ditch 1, ecological plants 2, water storage materials 3, a transverse submerged layer filter layer 4, gravel 5, a submerged layer regenerated plant belt 6, an emergent aquatic plant purification belt 7, a filtering geotechnical cloth 8 and a wooden revetment 9.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The embodiment of the invention provides a transverse deep control system for surface runoff pollution of a water area, which is shown in fig. 1 and 2 and comprises a runoff ecological intercepting ditch 1, a transverse submerged filter layer, a submerged regenerated plant belt 6 and a wooden revetment 9;
the runoff ecological intercepting ditches 1 are arranged on the back water side of the water shoreline sidewalk and the facing side of the ground and are parallel to the sidewalk, water storage materials 3 are filled in the runoff ecological intercepting ditches, and ecological plants 2 are planted on the surface layer of the water storage materials 3;
one end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with the bottom of the runoff ecological intercepting ditch 1, and the other end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 7 of the ecological revetment of the shore water and is used as a water passing channel, an aquifer and an adsorption filter belt for the intercepted surface runoff to enter the water body;
the submerged regenerated plant belt 6 is arranged at the ground surface above the transverse submerged filter layer, and the root system of the submerged regenerated plant belt 6 stretches into the water storage material 3 to absorb pollutants;
the wooden revetment 9 lays along the water surface line, filter geotechnical cloth 8 is laid to the back surface of wooden revetment 9, filter geotechnical cloth 8 stretches into the lower part of the water storage material 3 in the horizontal submerged filter layer.
In a preferred embodiment, the runoff ecological cut-off channel 1 is arranged on the back water side of the water shoreline sidewalk and on the facing side of the ground, and is arranged in parallel with the sidewalk. The clear distance between the ditch and the outside of the sidewalk is 0.5m, the elevation of the ditch top is 0.05m lower than the elevation of the sidewalk and the ground, the ditch top width is 0.5m, the ditch depth is 0.5m, the ditch bottom is arc-shaped, a plain soil structure is adopted, the interior is filled with a water storage material 3, the elevation of the surface layer of the water storage material 3 is 0.1m lower than the elevation of the ditch top of the runoff ecological intercepting ditch 1, ecological plants 23 are planted on the surface layer of the water storage material 3, and herbal plants such as carpet grass, dwarf bermuda and the like are adopted. When the surface runoff flows to the water body, the surface runoff is trapped by the runoff ecological intercepting ditches 1, and a large amount of impurities such as leaves, gravel 5 soil and the like are trapped.
In the preferred scheme, one end of the transverse submerged filter layer 4 is connected with the bottom of the runoff ecological intercepting ditch 1, and the other end is connected with the emergent aquatic plant purifying belt 7 of the ecological revetment of the water side. The height of the filtering layer is 0.3-0.5 m, the width of each filtering layer unit is 5-7 m, the distance between the top and the ground is 0.3-0.5 m, 60% of water storage material 3 and 40% of gravel 5 are filled in the filtering layer, the water storage material 3 and 40% of gravel 5 are uniformly mixed, and the grain diameter of the gravel 5 is 0.8-1.2 mm. The transverse submerged filter layer 4 has three main functions, namely, the first aspect has strong water passing capability, is taken as a water passing channel for the intercepted surface runoff to enter a water body, can rapidly guide and discharge most of rainwater intercepted by a runoff interception ditch into the water body, the second aspect has strong water absorbing and storing capability, can store a large amount of water and provide water for surface plants, and the third aspect has strong absorption and filtering functions, can absorb and filter most of pollutants contained in the runoff of the guide and discharge into the transverse submerged filter layer 4, so that the water quality of the entering water body is good.
In a preferred scheme, a submerged regenerated plant belt 6 is arranged on the surface above the transverse submerged filter layer 4, and is mainly used for planting short shrubs and herbaceous plants with developed root systems, water resistance and drought resistance, wherein the short shrubs comprise green beans, lespedeza and the like, and the herbaceous plants comprise goosegrass and the like. The submerged regenerated plant belt 6 has a developed root system which penetrates into the water storage material 3 of the transverse submerged filter layer 4, and after the water storage material 3 and the gravel 5 in the transverse submerged filter layer 4 absorb a great amount of pollutants, the submerged regenerated plant belt 6 absorbs and removes the pollutants by taking the pollutants as nutrients so as to achieve the regeneration effect of the water storage material 3 and the gravel 54 of the transverse submerged filter layer 4. Meanwhile, nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus carried in the surface runoff can reduce the throwing of fertilizer of the submerged regenerated plant belt 6 through the series of effects of interception, adsorption and absorption.
In a preferred scheme, the water storage material 3 is sintered, is in the shape of sphere particles with the particle diameter of 2-5 cm, is prepared from river and lake sediment, slag, municipal sludge or the like, is prepared from straw, chaff, reed stems or garden waste and the like, and has the bulk density of 100-300 kg/m 3 . The water storage rate of the water storage material 3 positioned in the runoff interception ditch 1 is 50-90%. The barrel pressure intensity is 1.2-1.5 MPa, and the water storage rate of the water storage material 3 positioned in the transverse submerged layer filter layer 4 is 90-120%. The barrel pressure intensity is 0.8-1.2 MPa.
In the preferred scheme, the emergent aquatic plant purification belt 7 is arranged on the leeside of the wooden revetment 9, the width is preferably 0.5-1.0 m, emergent aquatic plants with strong pollution resistance, luxuriant branches and leaves, developed root systems and strong disease resistance, such as reed, canna, calamus, flowers and the like, can be combined with the sectional and multi-layer arrangement of environmental landscapes, wherein the planting density of the reed is 36 plants/m 2 The planting density of canna is 15 plants/m 2 The planting density of the calamus is 3-5 plantsBundle, 9 bundle/m 2 Flowers are planted again with the density of 10-20 buds/cluster and 2-3 clusters/m 2 . This region intercepts, filters and degrades small amounts of contaminants that are passed through the transverse latent layer filter layer 4. Meanwhile, the device has good effect on improving the water surface, especially the landscapes on the near-shore water surface.
According to the preferable scheme, the wood revetment 9 is composed of fir piles, the fir piles are laid along a water surface line, the pile diameter is 50-100 mm, the pile length exposing the ground is 150-300 mm, the pile length below the ground is 0.8-1.5 m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is round, the pile body is cylindrical, the pile body remains bark, the pile body is vertical to the ground and is continuously arranged, the filtering geotechnical cloth 8 is laid on the back surface of the wood revetment 9, the upper part of the filtering geotechnical cloth 8 is vertical to the ground, the top is flush with the top of the fir pile, the underground part is parallel to the ground and stretches into the transverse submerged filter layer 4, the length of the pile is 0.2-0.5 mm, and the pile body is made of filament water permeable geotechnical cloth with the area density not less than 200g/m < 2 >. The filtering geotechnical cloth 8 performs terminal filtration on the surface runoff which is collected by a small amount of pollutants and the submerged regenerated plant belt 6 after filtration, particularly, the sandy suspended matters with small particle size are subjected to interception filtration, so that the water is prevented from entering, the sandy suspended matters with small particle size are difficult to precipitate after entering the water, and the transparency and the transmittance of the water are seriously affected.
The invention has the following advantages after adopting the technical scheme:
(1) The removal rate of surface runoff pollutants is high: COD removing rate can reach 20-50%, BOD 5 The removal rate can reach 15-30%, and the SS removal rate can reach 60-85%.
(2) Adopts multi-layer and multi-stage system control: the multi-stage pollution control system is adopted, and the multi-dimension of physics, plants, biology and the like is involved, so that the treatment efficiency is high, the effect guarantee rate is high, and particularly, the deep filtration is carried out in the transverse submerged filter layer, so that most of pollutants are removed.
(3) The occupied area is reduced: only the runoff interception ditch is positioned on the ground, and can be used as a part of a shore green belt after ecological plants are planted, wherein the transverse submerged filter layer is fully positioned underground, the ground area is not occupied completely, and the ecological revetment of the shore water is integrated with the landscape of the revetment of the water body.
(4) No energy consumption: the whole system does not adopt any power system, and has no energy consumption, so that maintenance and operation cost can be greatly saved.
(5) Investment saving: all components in the system are materials with low investment, most of the components can be obtained locally, and the system can be combined with greening of the water shoreline for implementation, so that the investment is further reduced.
(6) The operation and maintenance cost is low: only certain trimming and maintenance are needed for the plants, and the operation and maintenance cost is basically avoided.
(7) The stability is good: the system control system has the advantages of being multi-level and multi-level, organically combining the systems, performing cooperative control on surface runoffs, and being strong in impact load and good in stability.
(8) Has the following regenerability: after the water storage materials and the grits in the transverse submerged filter layer absorb a great amount of pollutants, the shrubs above the water storage materials and the grits take the pollutants as nutrients, and the pollutants are absorbed and removed, so that the regeneration effect of the water storage materials and the grits of the transverse submerged filter layer is achieved.
(9) Environmental protection type: most of the components in the system adopt plant systems, have high environmental affinity, particularly can intercept most of runoffs carrying impurities due to strong water passing capability of the runoff interception ditch, and avoid pollution to the sidewalk caused by that a large amount of impurities are flushed onto the sidewalk by the runoff during rainfall.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a transverse deep control method for the surface runoff pollution of the water area, which comprises the following steps:
arranging a runoff ecological intercepting ditch on the water carrying side of the water shoreline sidewalk to form a surface runoff intercepting and intercepting control belt, filling water storage materials in the runoff ecological intercepting ditch, and planting ecological plants;
a transverse submerged filter layer is arranged on the water facing side of the runoff ecological cut-off ditch so as to form a deep filter layer and a water flow channel, and water storage materials and gravel are filled in the deep filter layer and the water flow channel;
the waterside ecological revetment is arranged on the waterside of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer, a water outlet belt and a terminal surface filtering belt of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer are formed, and the water outlet belt and the terminal surface filtering belt are composed of emergent aquatic plant purifying belts, filtering geotechnical cloth and wooden revetments.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, when the initial rainwater runoff on the roadway or the ground flows to the water body, the initial rainwater runoff is intercepted by the runoff ecological intercepting ditch 1, large particle impurities are intercepted and filtered when passing through the water storage material 3, fine particles and other pollutants enter the transverse submerged filter layer 4, the water storage material 3 and gravel 5 in the transverse submerged filter layer 4 are subjected to deep filtration to intercept most of pollutants, finally, the pollutants enter the water body from the shore water ecological revetment, and the surface filtration at the tail end is performed on the filtering geotechnical cloth 8 of the shore water ecological revetment, namely, the surface runoff is integrated and purified by multistage and deep filtration, adsorption and degradation and the like and then is converged into the water body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a system and a method for controlling the transverse deep layer of surface runoff pollution of a water area, which comprise a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a submerged regenerated plant belt and a wooden revetment. The river or lake surface runoff pollution is subjected to multi-system and multi-dimensional step cooperative control by organically combining a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged filter layer, a shore ecological revetment and other multi-system, and particularly the transverse submerged filter layer formed by special water storage materials is adopted, and meanwhile, three functions and integration of water passing, water storage and filtration are realized, the pollution of initial rainwater is effectively controlled and intercepted in a targeted manner, the pollution of the surface runoff to the water body is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the ecological niche and ecological revetment of various plants are constructed, and the landscape is greatly improved.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A transverse deep control system for surface runoff pollution of a water area is characterized in that: the method comprises a runoff ecological intercepting ditch, a transverse submerged layer filtering layer, a submerged layer regenerated plant belt and a wooden revetment;
the runoff ecological intercepting ditches are arranged on the back water side of the shoreline sidewalk and the facing side of the ground and are parallel to the sidewalk, water storage materials are filled in the runoff ecological intercepting ditches, and ecological plants are planted on the surface layer of the water storage materials;
one end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with the bottom of the runoff ecological intercepting ditch, and the other end of the transverse submerged filter layer is connected with an emergent aquatic plant purifying belt of the ecological revetment of the shore water and is used as a water passing channel, an aquifer and an adsorption filter belt for the intercepted surface runoff to enter the water body;
the submerged regenerated plant belt is arranged at the ground surface above the transverse submerged filter layer, and the root system of the submerged regenerated plant belt stretches into the water storage material to absorb pollutants;
the wood revetment is laid along the water surface line, the filter geotechnical cloth is laid on the back surface of the wood revetment, and the filter geotechnical cloth stretches into the lower part of the water storage material in the transverse submerged filter layer.
2. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the clearance between the runoff ecological intercepting ditch and the outer side of the sidewalk is 0.5m, the elevation of the ditch top is 0.05m lower than that of the sidewalk or the ground, the ditch top width is 0.5m, the ditch depth is 0.5m, the ditch bottom is arc-shaped, and a plain soil structure is adopted.
3. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological plants include herbs including carpet grass and dwarf bermuda.
4. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the filter layers of the transverse submerged layer filter layers are 0.3-0.5 m in height, each filter layer unit is 5-7 m wide, the top of each filter layer unit is 0.3-0.5 m away from the ground, 60% of water storage materials and 40% of gravel are filled in each filter layer, the water storage materials and 40% of gravel are uniformly mixed, and the particle size of the gravel is 0.8-1.2 mm.
5. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the wooden revetment is composed of fir piles, the pile diameter is 50-100 mm, the pile length exposing the ground is 150-300 mm, the pile length below the ground is 0.8-1.5 m, the pile bottom is wedge-shaped, the pile top is circular, the pile body is cylindrical, the pile body reserves bark, and the pile body is vertical to the ground and is continuously arranged.
6. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the filtering geotextile has a length of 0.2-0.5 mm and an area density of not less than 200g/m 2 Is a filament water permeable geotextile.
7. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the water storage material is sintered, is in the shape of sphere particles, has the particle size of 2-5 cm, comprises river and lake sediment, slag or municipal sludge as the manufacturing raw materials, comprises straw, chaff, reed stems or garden waste as the manufacturing auxiliary materials, and has the bulk density of 100-300 kg/m 3 The water storage rate is 50% -120%, and the barrel pressure strength is 0.8-1.5 MPa.
8. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas according to claim 1, wherein: the emergent aquatic plant purification belt is arranged on the lee side of the wooden revetment, and the width of the emergent plant purification belt is 0.5-1.0 m.
9. The lateral deep control system for surface runoff pollution in water areas of claim 8, wherein: the emergent aquatic plant cleaning belt comprises reed, canna, calamus and flowers, wherein the planting density of the reed is 36 plants/m 2 The planting density of canna is 15 plants/m 2 The planting density of the calamus is 3-5 plants/cluster, 9 clusters/m 2 Flowers are planted again with the density of 10-20 buds/cluster and 2-3 clusters/m 2 。
10. A method for controlling the lateral depth of surface runoff pollution in a water area, which is used in a system for controlling the lateral depth of surface runoff pollution in a water area according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising:
arranging a runoff ecological intercepting ditch on the water carrying side of the water shoreline sidewalk to form a surface runoff intercepting and intercepting control belt, filling water storage materials in the runoff ecological intercepting ditch, and planting ecological plants;
a transverse submerged filter layer is arranged on the water facing side of the runoff ecological cut-off ditch so as to form a deep filter layer and a water flow channel, and water storage materials and gravel are filled in the deep filter layer and the water flow channel;
the waterside ecological revetment is arranged on the waterside of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer, a water outlet belt and a terminal surface filtering belt of the transverse submerged layer filtering layer are formed, and the water outlet belt and the terminal surface filtering belt are composed of emergent aquatic plant purifying belts, filtering geotechnical cloth and wooden revetments.
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