CN111922286A - Investment casting material and investment casting method - Google Patents
Investment casting material and investment casting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111922286A CN111922286A CN202010884352.3A CN202010884352A CN111922286A CN 111922286 A CN111922286 A CN 111922286A CN 202010884352 A CN202010884352 A CN 202010884352A CN 111922286 A CN111922286 A CN 111922286A
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- parts
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- investment casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/043—Removing the consumable pattern
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C7/00—Patterns; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes
- B22C7/02—Lost patterns
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of investment casting, and particularly discloses an investment casting material and an investment casting method. The investment casting material comprises a pattern material and a shell material; the pattern material is polyvinyl alcohol, and the polymerization degree of the pattern material is less than or equal to 300; the shell material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of Portland cement, 5-8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 4-10 parts of rock wool, 20-35 parts of zirconium dioxide, 5-15 parts of silicon dioxide sol and 20-30 parts of water. The investment casting material can realize the water-soluble demoulding process of a pattern, the time consumption is short, the precision is high, the quality of the finally obtained casting is good, and the defects generated in the traditional high-temperature investment process are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of investment casting, in particular to an investment casting material and an investment casting method.
Background
Investment casting is a new advanced process of net forming, and generally, a plurality of layers of refractory materials are coated on the surface of a formed wax pattern, after the wax pattern is hardened and dried, the wax pattern is melted at high temperature, the remaining refractory materials form a shell, the shell is roasted and poured, and casting liquid is cooled to obtain a casting. The product obtained by the casting method has good precision, is close to the final shape of the part, can be directly used without machining or with little machining, and has very wide application.
However, in the conventional investment precision casting method, the shrinkage rate is changed due to the influence of temperature in the high-temperature investment process, so that the precision of a casting is influenced to a certain extent, so that the model parameters are changed, the high-temperature investment process is long in time consumption and high in cost, and a pattern material is easily remained in a shell to influence the quality of the casting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the high-temperature investment of the existing investment casting method is long in time consumption and high in cost, and the precision and the quality of a casting are affected, the invention provides an investment casting material and an investment casting method.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an investment casting material comprising a pattern material and a shell material;
the pattern material is polyvinyl alcohol, the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is less than or equal to 300, and PVA03-99 can be selected specifically;
the shell material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of Portland cement, 5-8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 4-10 parts of rock wool, 20-35 parts of zirconium dioxide, 5-15 parts of silicon dioxide sol and 20-30 parts of water.
The investment casting material provided by the invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol as a pattern material, the polyvinyl alcohol is a water-soluble material, and the polyvinyl alcohol can be completely dissolved by directly immersing into water in the process of investment casting, so that the pattern material can be fully removed; the water-based fire-resistant coating has good high-temperature resistance, and the traditional shell material is the water-based fire-resistant coating, so that the traditional shell material is certainly damaged to a certain degree in the process of adding the pattern into water for dissolution, and the subsequent pouring process is influenced.
On the other hand, the colloid substance formed by mixing the components in the shell material can lock the moisture, and the water molecules in the shell material in the coating process are prevented from corroding the model to influence the precision of the casting. The shell material is matched with the pattern material, so that the pattern material can be simply dissolved by adding water, the operation is simple, and the pattern dissolving speed is high.
Meanwhile, the zirconium dioxide and the silicon dioxide sol in the shell material are combined, so that the activity of the zirconium dioxide can be increased, the high-temperature resistance of the shell material is improved, and the requirement of the casting process on the temperature is met.
Preferably, the shell material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of Portland cement, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of rock wool, 25 parts of zirconium dioxide, 10 parts of silicon dioxide sol and 25 parts of water.
Preferably, the preparation method of the shell material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the portland cement, the expanded vermiculite, the rock wool and the water to obtain slurry; and uniformly stirring the zirconium dioxide and the silicon dioxide sol at 50-80 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding until the fineness is less than 20 mu m to obtain the shell material.
In the preferred preparation method of the shell material, the zirconium dioxide and the silicon dioxide sol are independently mixed, so that the activity of the zirconium dioxide can be further improved, and the high temperature resistance of the shell material is further improved. The resulting mixture is mixed with a slurry resulting from the mixing of the remaining components, which can improve the smoothness of the shell surface formed by the shell material, improve the accuracy of the casting, and eliminate the post-polishing and fine machining processes of the casting.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out investment casting by using the investment casting material, which at least comprises the following steps:
a. preparing a three-dimensional model of the casting by using the pattern material according to the shape of the required casting;
b. coating the shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional model, reserving a pouring gate, and drying at 50-80 ℃ after coating;
c. immersing a three-dimensional pattern of the coated shell material in water at 20-50 ℃ to dissolve the three-dimensional pattern and leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and heating the shell to 400-600 ℃ for roasting, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate on the shell after roasting is finished, and removing the shell after cooling to obtain a casting.
Compared with the prior art, the investment casting method provided by the invention has the advantages that the pattern is dissolved quickly and is not easy to remain, the heating and melting step of the pattern is omitted, the operation is simple, the equipment requirement is low, the raw material cost is low, and the investment casting method can be widely popularized and used.
Preferably, the specific method for preparing the three-dimensional model of the casting in the step a comprises the following steps: scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the casting, obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the casting according to the three-dimensional model data, and printing a three-dimensional model of the casting by adopting a fused deposition technology and taking the polyvinyl alcohol as a printing material; the printing speed is 35-40 mm/s.
The preferred printing speed can ensure that the formed pattern has better forming characteristics and ensures higher water-soluble speed.
Preferably, the shell material is coated in step b to a thickness of 2-10 mm.
The preferable coating thickness of the shell material can ensure the pouring performance of the formed shell and the brittleness of the shell material, so that the casting can be easily removed after being cooled.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step b is 55-65 ℃, and the drying time is 4-6 h.
Preferably, the dissolving process of the three-dimensional pattern in step c is ultrasonic dissolving.
The ultrasonic process can further accelerate the dissolution process of the pattern.
Preferably, the heating rate in step d is 10-15 ℃/min.
Preferably, the roasting time in step d is 1-2 h.
The preferable temperature rising condition and the roasting temperature can further improve the high-temperature resistance of the shell and ensure the smooth casting process.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The investment casting method of the three-way joint comprises the following process steps:
a. scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the three-way joint, and obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the three-way joint according to the three-dimensional model data; adopting a fused deposition technology, taking PVA03-99 as a printing material, and printing a three-dimensional pattern of the three-way joint at a printing speed of 40 mm/s;
b. uniformly mixing 12 parts of portland cement, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of rock wool and 25 parts of water to obtain slurry; uniformly stirring 25 parts of zirconium dioxide and 10 parts of silicon dioxide sol at 60 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding to a fineness of less than 20 mu m to obtain a shell material; coating a shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional pattern, wherein the coating thickness is 8mm, reserving a pouring gate, and drying for 5 hours at 60 ℃ after the coating is finished;
c. immersing the three-dimensional pattern of the coating type shell material into water at 30 ℃, and dissolving the three-dimensional pattern under the ultrasonic action to leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and (3) heating the shell to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, roasting for 1h, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate reserved on the shell, cooling and removing the slightly broken shell after pouring, and stripping the shell to obtain the three-way joint. The three-way joint has high precision, does not need a polishing process and can be directly used.
Example 2
The investment casting method of the three-way joint comprises the following process steps:
a. scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the three-way joint, and obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the three-way joint according to the three-dimensional model data; adopting a fused deposition technology, taking polyvinyl alcohol as a printing material, and printing a three-dimensional pattern of the three-way joint at a printing speed of 35 mm/s;
b. uniformly mixing 10 parts of portland cement, 5 parts of expanded vermiculite, 4 parts of rock wool and 20 parts of water to obtain slurry; uniformly stirring 20 parts of zirconium dioxide and 5 parts of silicon dioxide sol at 50 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding until the fineness is less than 20 mu m to obtain a shell material; coating a shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional pattern, wherein the coating thickness is 2mm, reserving a pouring gate, and drying at 50 ℃ for 4 hours after coating;
c. immersing the three-dimensional pattern of the coating type shell material into water at 20 ℃, and dissolving the three-dimensional pattern under the ultrasonic action to leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and (3) heating the shell to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, roasting for 1.5h, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate reserved on the shell, cooling and removing the slightly broken shell after pouring, and stripping the shell to obtain the three-way joint. The three-way joint has high precision, does not need a polishing process and can be directly used.
Example 3
The investment casting method of the three-way joint comprises the following process steps:
a. scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the three-way joint, and obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the three-way joint according to the three-dimensional model data; adopting a fused deposition technology, taking polyvinyl alcohol as a printing material, and printing a three-dimensional pattern of the three-way joint at a printing speed of 40 mm/s;
b. uniformly mixing 15 parts of portland cement, 8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 10 parts of rock wool and 30 parts of water to obtain slurry; uniformly stirring 35 parts of zirconium dioxide and 15 parts of silicon dioxide sol at 80 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding to a fineness of less than 20 micrometers to obtain a shell material; coating a shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional pattern, wherein the coating thickness is 10mm, reserving a pouring gate, and drying at 55 ℃ for 6 hours after coating;
c. immersing the three-dimensional pattern of the coating type shell material into water with the temperature of 50 ℃, and dissolving the three-dimensional pattern under the ultrasonic action to leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and (3) heating the shell to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, roasting for 2h, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate reserved on the shell, cooling and removing the slightly broken shell after pouring, and stripping the shell to obtain the three-way joint. The three-way joint has high precision, does not need a polishing process and can be directly used.
Example 4
The investment casting method of the three-way joint comprises the following process steps:
a. scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the three-way joint, and obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the three-way joint according to the three-dimensional model data; adopting a fused deposition technology, taking PVA03-99 as a printing material, and printing a three-dimensional pattern of the three-way joint at a printing speed of 40 mm/s;
b. uniformly mixing 12 parts of portland cement, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of rock wool and 25 parts of water to obtain slurry; uniformly stirring 25 parts of zirconium dioxide and 10 parts of silicon dioxide sol at 60 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding to a fineness of less than 20 mu m to obtain a shell material; coating a shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional pattern, wherein the coating thickness is 8mm, reserving a pouring gate, and drying for 5 hours at 65 ℃ after the coating is finished;
c. immersing the three-dimensional pattern of the coating type shell material into water at 40 ℃, and dissolving the three-dimensional pattern under the ultrasonic action to leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and (3) heating the shell to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, roasting for 1h, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate reserved on the shell, cooling and removing the slightly broken shell after pouring, and stripping the shell to obtain the three-way joint. The three-way joint has high precision, does not need a polishing process and can be directly used.
Example 5
The investment casting method of the three-way joint comprises the following process steps:
a. scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the three-way joint, and obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the three-way joint according to the three-dimensional model data; adopting a fused deposition technology, taking PVA03-99 as a printing material, and printing a three-dimensional pattern of the three-way joint at a printing speed of 40 mm/s;
b. uniformly mixing 12 parts of portland cement, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of rock wool and 25 parts of water to obtain slurry; uniformly stirring 25 parts of zirconium dioxide and 10 parts of silicon dioxide sol at 60 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding to a fineness of less than 20 mu m to obtain a shell material; coating a shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional pattern, wherein the coating thickness is 8mm, reserving a pouring gate, and drying at 80 ℃ for 5 hours after coating;
c. immersing the three-dimensional pattern of the coating type shell material into water at 30 ℃, and dissolving the three-dimensional pattern under the ultrasonic action to leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and (3) heating the shell to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 12 ℃/min, roasting for 1h, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate reserved on the shell, cooling and removing the slightly broken shell after pouring, and stripping the shell to obtain the three-way joint. The three-way joint has high precision, does not need a polishing process and can be directly used.
Therefore, the specific pattern material and the shell material provided by the application can realize the water-soluble demolding process of the pattern without influencing the shell, the investment casting method is short in time consumption and high in precision, the finally obtained casting is good in quality, and the defects generated in the traditional high-temperature investment process are overcome.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An investment casting material, characterized by: comprises a pattern material and a shell material;
the pattern material is polyvinyl alcohol, and the polymerization degree of the pattern material is less than or equal to 300;
the shell material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of Portland cement, 5-8 parts of expanded vermiculite, 4-10 parts of rock wool, 20-35 parts of zirconium dioxide, 5-15 parts of silicon dioxide sol and 20-30 parts of water.
2. The investment casting material of claim 1, wherein: the shell material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of Portland cement, 6 parts of expanded vermiculite, 8 parts of rock wool, 25 parts of zirconium dioxide, 10 parts of silicon dioxide sol and 25 parts of water.
3. The investment casting material of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the shell material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the portland cement, the expanded vermiculite, the rock wool and the water to obtain slurry; and uniformly stirring the zirconium dioxide and the silicon dioxide sol at 50-80 ℃, adding the slurry, uniformly mixing, and grinding until the fineness is less than 20 mu m to obtain the shell material.
4. A method of investment casting using the investment casting material of any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the method comprises the following process steps:
a. preparing a three-dimensional model of the casting by using the pattern material according to the shape of the required casting;
b. coating the shell material on the surface of the three-dimensional model, reserving a pouring gate, and drying at 50-80 ℃ after coating;
c. immersing a three-dimensional pattern of the coated shell material in water at 20-50 ℃ to dissolve the three-dimensional pattern and leave a shell formed by the shell material;
d. and heating the shell to 400-600 ℃ for roasting, pouring the pouring liquid through a pouring gate on the shell after roasting is finished, and removing the shell after cooling to obtain a casting.
5. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: the specific method for preparing the three-dimensional model of the casting in the step a comprises the following steps: scanning to obtain three-dimensional model data of the casting, obtaining a three-dimensional graph of the casting according to the three-dimensional model data, and printing a three-dimensional model of the casting by adopting a fused deposition technology and taking the polyvinyl alcohol as a printing material; the printing speed is 35-40 mm/s.
6. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: and the coating thickness of the shell material in the step b is 2-10 mm.
7. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: in the step b, the drying temperature is 55-65 ℃, and the drying time is 4-6 h.
8. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: and c, dissolving the three-dimensional model in the step c by ultrasonic dissolution.
9. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: and d, heating at a heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min.
10. The method of investment casting of claim 4, wherein: the roasting time in the step d is 1-2 h.
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| CN202010884352.3A CN111922286B (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2020-08-28 | Investment casting material and investment casting method |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102873273A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for producing oxide ceramic shell capable of improving TiAl alloy casting surface performances |
| CN104014748A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 南京工程学院 | Method for preparing overall shell mold by utilizing vaporizing combustion of mold shell roasting pattern |
| CN106007671A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳长朗三维科技有限公司 | Ceramic composite for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN106623771A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-05-10 | 四川大学 | Rapid investment casting method for one-piece steel casting artwork |
| CN107497999A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 东风精密铸造安徽有限公司 | A kind of titanium investment pattern precision casting process |
| CN110227795A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-13 | 吴振行 | A kind of casting method using 3D printing production shell mold |
-
2020
- 2020-08-28 CN CN202010884352.3A patent/CN111922286B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102873273A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-01-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for producing oxide ceramic shell capable of improving TiAl alloy casting surface performances |
| CN104014748A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 南京工程学院 | Method for preparing overall shell mold by utilizing vaporizing combustion of mold shell roasting pattern |
| CN106007671A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-10-12 | 深圳长朗三维科技有限公司 | Ceramic composite for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
| CN106623771A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-05-10 | 四川大学 | Rapid investment casting method for one-piece steel casting artwork |
| CN107497999A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-12-22 | 东风精密铸造安徽有限公司 | A kind of titanium investment pattern precision casting process |
| CN110227795A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-13 | 吴振行 | A kind of casting method using 3D printing production shell mold |
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