CN111921819A - 一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：步骤1、将蒸发器翅片清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行粗化处理，然后清除掉表面杂质后，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面采用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理；步骤2、将聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液滴加到复合溶剂中，充分混合10～20min，随后超声处理20～40min，制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒和固化剂，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物，然后调pH为4.0～4.5，获得超疏水涂层溶液；步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液涂敷于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。本发明能够有效防止蒸发器翅片表面霜层或冰层的形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气源热泵领域，具体涉及一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
空气源热泵制热运行时翅片盘管用作蒸发器，低温低压液体制冷剂进入翅片盘管后与流经翅片盘管的室外空气进行换热，吸收室外空气中的热量。随着室外环境温度降低，其蒸发温度和翅片盘管温度将随之下降，当翅片盘管温度低于空气露点温度时，空气流经翅片盘管时其所含的水分就会析出而凝露，而当翅片盘管温度低于0℃时，翅片表面就会逐渐形成霜层或冰层。霜层的增厚将导致流经翅片盘管的空气阻力增加，风量下降，且翅片盘管的传热热阻增加，故翅片盘管的传热效率下降，从而导致空气源热泵制热运行时蒸发温度、制热能力和制热能效将降低。
目前，关于蒸发器霜层或冰层的处理往往还是以热源融霜/融冰为主，在融霜和融冰过程中，造成了大量的热量损失，因此，需要研发一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，使得蒸发器翅片能够防止霜层/冰层形成，以减少或避免后继融霜/融冰过程造成的热量损耗。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺陷，提供一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其能够有效防止霜层或冰层的形成。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行粗化处理，然后清除掉表面杂质后，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面采用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理；
步骤2、将聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液滴加到复合溶剂中，充分混合10～20min，随后超声处理20～40min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒和固化剂，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物，然后调pH为4.0～4.5，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液涂敷于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
进一步的，所述翅片采用铝片或铜片。
进一步的，所述粗化处理采用喷砂粗化方法；粗糙度大于Ra20。
进一步的，所述纳米导热颗粒采用纳米铜、纳米碳化铝中的一种或两种。
进一步的，在所述超疏水涂层溶液中，所述纳米导热颗粒的质量含量为2～4％；所述聚偏氟乙烯的含量为5～7％，所述固化剂的质量含量为0.5～1％。
进一步的，聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液的质量浓度为10～15％；
所述聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液的溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的任意一种。
进一步的，所述复合溶剂由丙酮与甲醇/乙醇按1:0.3～0.8复配而成。
进一步的，所述固化剂采用苯二甲胺、间苯二胺、咪唑、2-甲基咪唑中的一种或几种。
进一步的，所述低表面能的氟化物包括十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、九氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、九氟己基三乙氧基硅烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基硅烷中一种或几种。
进一步的，步骤1中，所述硅烷偶联剂包括苯基三乙氧基硅烷、N-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、γ―氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
与现有技术相比，本发明所取得的有益效果如下：
本发明通过在蒸发器翅片表面制备超疏水涂层的方式，降低了翅片表面的自由能，使其不利于水珠的附着，从而起到防止翅片表面结霜/结冰的目的。
本发明通过在超疏水涂层溶液中加入纳米导热离子，在增强蒸发器表面疏水性能的同时，还不降低蒸发器翅片的热传导性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面喷涂硅烷偶联剂3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷进行表面处理；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与甲醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒纳米铜和固化剂间苯二胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷，然后调pH为4.0，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
实施例2
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铝材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面喷涂硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷进行表面处理；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与乙醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒碳化铝和固化剂苯二甲胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷，然后调pH为4.5，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
实施例3
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面喷涂硅烷偶联剂γ―氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷进行表面处理；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与甲醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒纳米铜和固化剂间苯二胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷，然后调pH为4.2，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
对比例1
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，即可；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与甲醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒纳米铜和固化剂间苯二胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷，然后调pH为4.2，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
对比例2
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面喷涂硅烷偶联剂γ―氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷进行表面处理；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与甲醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒纳米铜和固化剂间苯二胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
对比例3
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，即可。
对比例4(将纳米铜替换为纳米二氧化硅)
一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片(铜材质)清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行采用喷砂粗化方法进行粗化处理，所述粗化后的表面粗糙度为Ra30，然后清除掉表面杂质，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面喷涂硅烷偶联剂γ―氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷进行表面处理；
步骤2、将质量浓度为12％的聚偏氟乙烯的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中滴加到复合溶剂(丙酮与甲醇按1:1复配而成)中，充分混合15min，随后超声处理30min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒纳米二氧化硅和固化剂间苯二胺，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷，调pH4.2，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液采用喷涂的方式涂覆于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
效果例
对各实施例和对比例制备蒸发器翅片的进行性能检测，结果见表1；
1、热导率的检测：采用GB T 3651-2008金属高温导热系数测量方法进行测定；
2、防结冰/防结霜性能检测：将各实施例和对比例的蒸发器翅片放置于平台上，平台以30度角水平静置，将平台表面温度冷却到-20℃，当平台的温度达到此设定值并稳定后，通过喷枪将雾化后的小水滴(约0.2mm直径)水平于地面喷散于样品涂层表面，持续喷涂500分钟；持续喷涂过程中观察样品表面出现明显结冰所用时间；
| 热导率W/m·℃(80℃条件下) | 结冰/结霜所用时间 | |
| 实施例1 | 358.9 | 500min无明显结霜/结冰 |
| 实施例2 | 215.3 | 500min无明显结霜/结冰 |
| 实施例3 | 357.3 | 500min无明显结霜/结冰 |
| 对比例1 | 356.4 | 120min出现明显结霜/结冰 |
| 对比例2 | 357.1 | 100min出现明显结霜/结冰 |
| 对比例3 | 357.6 | 20min出现明显结霜/结冰 |
| 对比例4 | 307.5 | 500min无明显结霜/结冰 |
以上所述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施例，而并非本发明可行实施的穷举。对于本领域一般技术人员而言，在不背离本发明原理和精神的前提下对其所作出的任何显而易见的改动，都应当被认为包含在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将蒸发器翅片清洗干净，并对翅片表面进行粗化处理，然后清除掉表面杂质后，待翅片表面干燥后，在粗化后的翅片表面采用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理；
步骤2、将聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液滴加到复合溶剂中，充分混合10～20min，随后超声处理20～40min制备微米级的PVDF固态悬浮液，然后在PVDF固态悬浮液中加入纳米导热颗粒和固化剂，之后再加入低表面能的氟化物，然后调pH为4.0～4.5，获得超疏水涂层溶液；
步骤3、将超疏水涂层溶液涂敷于粗化后的蒸发器翅片表面，即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述翅片采用铝片或铜片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述粗化处理采用喷砂粗化方法。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述纳米导热颗粒采用纳米铜、纳米碳化铝中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述超疏水涂层溶液中，所述纳米导热颗粒的质量含量为2～4％；所述聚偏氟乙烯的含量为5～7％，所述固化剂的质量含量为0.5～1％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液的质量浓度为10～15％；
所述聚偏氟乙烯的有机溶液的溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合溶剂由丙酮与甲醇/乙醇按1:0.3～0.8复配而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述固化剂采用苯二甲胺、间苯二胺、咪唑、2-甲基咪唑中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述低表面能的氟化物包括十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十七氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、九氟己基三甲氧基硅烷、九氟己基三乙氧基硅烷、五氟苯基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种空气源热泵蒸发器用超疏水涂层的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1中，所述硅烷偶联剂包括苯基三乙氧基硅烷、N-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、γ―氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三乙氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
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