CN111918394B - Method for uplink data of LoRa terminal, loRa network and storage medium - Google Patents
Method for uplink data of LoRa terminal, loRa network and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for uplink data of a LoRa terminal, the LoRa terminal, a LoRa network and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the terminal obtains a channel and a time slot allocated to the terminal and an uplink period of the terminal of the LoRa network in the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway, and transmits the data to the channel allocated to the terminal in the time slot allocated to the terminal, so that the combination of the channel and the time slot allocated to each terminal in the network is unique, the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; further, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, data are evenly dispersed and cannot be concentrated on certain channels, and the adjacent channels can be prevented from being interfered by channels with large data quantity; according to the environments of different terminals, different frequency expansion factors are used for transmission; error control coding is carried out on the terminal data; the failure retransmission mechanism and the terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of LoRa communication, in particular to a method for uplink data of a LoRa terminal, the LoRa terminal, a LoRa network and a storage medium.
Background
The existing LoRaWAN standard uses ALOHA (the use of channels adopts a competition mode), according to theoretical deduction, the highest utilization rate of bandwidth can reach about 30%, if more terminals participate in the competition of channels, the probability of collision is improved, data are mutually interfered, and the loss rate of data transmission is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of data transmission loss in the prior art and provides a method for uplink data of a LoRa terminal, the LoRa terminal, a LoRa network and a storage medium.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
In one aspect, a method for constructing uplink data of a LoRa terminal, the method comprising:
The terminal acquires a channel and a time slot allocated to the terminal in the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway, and the uplink period of the terminal of the LoRa network;
The terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
Wherein: all terminals and the server gateway in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, the terminal uplink period is divided into a plurality of time slots which are not overlapped with each other, and the combination of channels and time slots allocated by each terminal in the network is unique.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
Time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned; and/or each terminal in the network is allocated a channel according to the size of its uplink data so that uplink data of all terminals in the network is dispersed to each channel.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the terminal transmits data according to using a spreading factor positively correlated to the communication environment in which it is located.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
The terminal adds redundant information related to the original data in the transmitted data so that the server gateway performs error control on the data generated by the terminal.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
after each time a terminal sends out a data, it needs to receive the acknowledgement packet replied by the server gateway, if the acknowledgement packet is not received, it needs to resend the data until the acknowledgement packet is received.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
When new data are generated, the terminal stores the newly generated data into the first-level buffer, and if the first-level buffer is full, the first-stored partial data in the first-level buffer is transferred into the second-level buffer to make room for storing the newly generated data;
when data is transmitted, the data of the first-level buffer memory is preferentially transmitted, and when the first-level buffer memory is empty, the data of the second-level buffer memory is transmitted.
Preferably, the first level is cached in the random access memory of the MCU of the terminal, and the second level is cached in the high-capacity nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
In both aspects, a LoRa terminal is constructed comprising a processor and a memory storing a computer program executable by the processor to perform the steps of the method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
In three aspects, a LoRa network is constructed that includes a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals.
In a fourth aspect, a computer readable storage medium is constructed comprising a computer program executable by a processor to perform the steps of the method of any of the preceding claims.
The method for the uplink data of the LoRa terminal, the LoRa network and the storage medium have the following beneficial effects: the invention only transmits the data to the channel allocated to the terminal in the time slot allocated to the terminal, and the combination of the channel and the time slot allocated to the terminal in the network is unique, so that the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; further, since the fm signal contains many side lobes, when some of the side lobes fall within the passband of the adjacent channel receiver, interference to the adjacent channel is caused, and in order to reduce such interference, two approaches are adopted to reduce the overlapping working time of the adjacent channels: firstly, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and a time slot offset is arranged; secondly, the data are evenly scattered and cannot be concentrated on certain channels, so that the channels with large data volume can not interfere with adjacent channels; furthermore, according to the environments of different terminals, different frequency expansion factors are used for transmission; error control coding is carried out on the terminal data; further, a failure retransmission mechanism and a terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
Drawings
For a clearer description of an embodiment of the invention or of a technical solution in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiment or of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained, without inventive effort, by a person skilled in the art from the drawings provided:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of allocating channels and time slots for a terminal;
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for terminal uplink data in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order that the application may be readily understood, a more complete description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the present application are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This application may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and not limited to the technical solutions of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application and the technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various constituent elements, but these constituent elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first component may be termed a second component, and, similarly, a second component may be termed a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for constructing uplink data of a LoRa terminal, which comprises the following steps:
uplink parameter obtaining step S1: the terminal acquires a channel and a time slot allocated to the terminal in the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway, and the uplink period of the terminal of the LoRa network;
Data uplink step S2: the terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
Wherein: all terminals and server gateways in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, and Tu in fig. 1 represents the terminal uplink period. In the uplink period of the terminal, the server gateway is in a state of waiting for receiving data, and in the downlink period of the gateway, the terminal is in a state of waiting for receiving data, so that the uplink data of the terminal and the downlink data of the gateway can be prevented from collision.
The terminal uplink period is divided into a plurality of time slots which do not overlap with each other, and the time slots are actually one time slice or one time period. As in fig. 1, each channel fx (x=1, …, 7) corresponds to a plurality of time slots that do not overlap each other, and the combination of channels and time slots allocated by each terminal in the network is unique, i.e. there is no situation where the allocated channels and time slots are identical between terminals. Nij (i=0, …,7,j =1, …, n) indicates a terminal in the figure.
It should be noted that, the time slots need to be divided into time slots corresponding to the channels, and the time slot division results corresponding to different channels may be the same or different.
Preferably, the server gateway may divide the corresponding time slots for each channel in advance according to the number of the online terminals, and when the number of the online terminals changes in a stepwise manner, re-divide the time slots for each channel and notify each terminal. For example, when an application adopts a LoRa network, the number of terminals may be preset to be the maximum number of terminals required by the application, and then the server gateway divides the time slots according to the set number of terminals, for example, if there are 8 channels, the maximum number of terminals applied is 200, then each channel is equally divided to be responsible for 25 terminals, and then each channel may be considered to correspond to 25 time slots. In the communication process, the number of terminals may vary, and we can divide the number of terminals into a number of terminals, for example, assuming that the number of terminals is preset to be 200, we can divide the number of terminals into 1-20 which are a number of terminals, 21-40 which are a number of terminals, …, and so on, and 181-200 which are a number of terminals. Once the number of terminals actually on-line is switched from one interval to another, the number of terminals on-line can be regarded as being changed in a stepwise manner, for example, as mentioned earlier, the number of terminals can be preset to be 200 at the beginning, then each channel corresponds to 25 time slots, if the number of terminals is found to be 30 in the subsequent communication process, the server gateway can firstly determine the interval in which the number of terminals on-line is located, then re-divide the time slots according to the maximum value of the determined interval (i.e. the maximum number of terminals), for example, the interval corresponding to 30 terminals is 20-40, the maximum value of the interval is 40, then each channel is equally divided to be responsible for 5 terminals, and then it can be considered that each channel corresponds to 5 time slots. Therefore, the channels can be fully utilized, and the utilization rate of the bandwidth is greatly improved.
Therefore, the server gateway divides the time slots, and the time slots and channels are directly allocated when the terminal accesses the network, so that the whole network can work in an ordered state in the whole uplink period of the terminal, and the problem of data collision in the prior art can be solved.
Because the frequency modulation signal contains a plurality of side lobes, when some side lobes fall into the passband of an adjacent channel receiver, interference to adjacent channels is caused, and in order to reduce the interference, the following two measures are adopted to reduce the overlapping working time of the adjacent channels:
First, the time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and each gray box in the figure represents the time slot actually allocated to the terminal. In the figure, T0 to Tn represent reference time slots, for example, time slots of channels f0, f2, f4 and f6 are all flush with the reference time slots, no time slot offset exists, and time slots of channels f1, f3, f5 and f7 are all offset from the reference time slots by a certain time slot offset, so that time slot misalignment between any two adjacent channels can be ensured.
Secondly, each terminal in the network is allocated with channels according to the uplink data size so that the uplink data of all terminals in the network are dispersed to each channel, and the uplink data is not concentrated on certain channels, so that the adjacent channels are not interfered by the channels with large data size. For example, terminals with large uplink data are allocated to different channels, and then terminals with small uplink data are allocated.
Further preferably, in the data uplink step S2, the terminal transmits data according to the spreading factor SF positively correlated with the communication environment in which it is located. For example, a terminal with good communication environment uses a high-speed SF, a terminal with poor communication environment uses a low-speed SF, or the high-speed SF is transmitted without success.
Further preferably, in the data uplink step S2, the terminal adds redundant information related to the original data to the transmitted data, so that the server gateway performs error control on the data generated by the terminal. The redundant information is related to the original data, and the receiving end can detect and correct errors generated in the transmission process according to the correlation, so as to resist the interference of the transmission process, and specific available Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) codes, checksums and interleaving technologies are adopted.
The unique combination of the above channels and time slots, the time slot offset, the setting of the data dispersion to each channel and SF, and the error control coding of the terminal data are all measures for resisting the interference in the LoRa wireless transmission process. Next, two measures for ensuring that data is not lost in the transmission control logic of the terminal data are introduced:
firstly, a terminal data caching mechanism is adopted to cache data to be transmitted. Referring to fig. 2, in the data uplink step S2, after the process is initiated, it is determined whether new data is generated at the terminal, when new data is generated, it is determined whether the primary buffer is full, if the primary buffer is not full, the new generated data is directly stored in the primary buffer, if the primary buffer is full, the first stored part of the data in the primary buffer is transferred to the secondary buffer to make room for storing the new generated data, so that the latest data can be sent first, and then the new generated data is stored in the primary buffer. After the data is written, judging whether the network state is good, if not, continuing to return to the process, and if the network is bad, writing the data into a cache but not transmitting the data; if the network is good (the judgment of the network can directly adopt the existing judging method), the data of the first-level buffer memory is preferentially transmitted when the data is transmitted, and the data of the second-level buffer memory is transmitted when the first-level buffer memory is empty (without the data).
The terminal data caching mechanism can ensure that a large amount of data is not sent out even if the network state is not good for a long time, the data can be stored, and the stored historical data is sent after the network state is good.
Preferably, the first level is cached in the random access memory of the MCU of the terminal, and the second level is cached in the high-capacity nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
And secondly, adopting a failure retransmission mechanism to transmit data. Referring to fig. 2, in the data uplink step S2, the terminal needs to receive an acknowledgement packet replied by the server gateway after sending out one data, if the acknowledgement packet is not received and the number of retransmissions does not exceed a predetermined number, the data is to be retransmitted until the acknowledgement packet is received, and if the acknowledgement packet is not received and the number of retransmissions exceeds a predetermined number, the flow returns to the beginning; if the acknowledgement packet is received, the data which is sent recently is cleared from the cache (a first-level cache or a second-level cache for storing the data which is sent recently) and then the process continues to return to the initial process, and the next round of process is continued.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also discloses a LoRa terminal comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program which can be run by the processor to realize the steps of the method. The specific implementation process may refer to the description of the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention further discloses a LoRa network, which comprises a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals.
Based on the same inventive concept, another aspect of the present invention also discloses a computer readable storage medium comprising a computer program executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method as described above. The specific implementation process may refer to the description of the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
In summary, the method for uplink data of the LoRa terminal, the LoRa network and the storage medium have the following beneficial effects: the invention only transmits the data to the channel allocated to the terminal in the time slot allocated to the terminal, and the combination of the channel and the time slot allocated to the terminal in the network is unique, so that the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; further, since the fm signal contains many side lobes, when some of the side lobes fall within the passband of the adjacent channel receiver, interference to the adjacent channel is caused, and in order to reduce such interference, two approaches are adopted to reduce the overlapping working time of the adjacent channels: firstly, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and a time slot offset is arranged; secondly, the data are evenly scattered and cannot be concentrated on certain channels, so that the channels with large data volume can not interfere with adjacent channels; furthermore, according to the environments of different terminals, different frequency expansion factors are used for transmission; error control coding is carried out on the terminal data; further, a failure retransmission mechanism and a terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and many forms may be made by those having ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims, which are to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for the uplink data of the LoRa terminal is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The terminal acquires a channel and a time slot allocated to the terminal in the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway, and the uplink period of the terminal of the LoRa network;
The terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
wherein: all terminals and the server gateway in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, the terminal uplink period is divided into a plurality of time slots which are not overlapped with each other, and the combination of channels and time slots allocated by each terminal in the network is unique;
The server gateway divides corresponding time slots for each channel in advance according to the number of the online terminals, determines the interval in which the number of the online terminals is positioned when the number of the online terminals is changed in a stepwise manner, divides the time slots for each channel according to the maximum value of the determined interval and notifies each terminal;
Wherein if the number of terminals actually on-line is switched from one section to another section, the number of terminals which can be regarded as on-line is changed in a stepwise manner;
The method further comprises the steps of:
time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned; and/or each terminal in the network is allocated a channel according to the size of uplink data thereof so that uplink data of all terminals in the network are dispersed to each channel, including allocating terminals with large uplink data to different channels and then re-allocating terminals with small uplink data.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: the terminal transmits data according to using a spreading factor positively correlated to the communication environment in which it is located.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
The terminal adds redundant information related to the original data in the transmitted data so that the server gateway performs error control on the data generated by the terminal.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
after each time a terminal sends out a data, it needs to receive the acknowledgement packet replied by the server gateway, if the acknowledgement packet is not received, it needs to resend the data until the acknowledgement packet is received.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
When new data are generated, the terminal stores the newly generated data into the first-level buffer, and if the first-level buffer is full, the first-stored partial data in the first-level buffer is transferred into the second-level buffer to make room for storing the newly generated data;
when data is transmitted, the data of the first-level buffer memory is preferentially transmitted, and when the first-level buffer memory is empty, the data of the second-level buffer memory is transmitted.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first level is cached in a random access memory of the MCU of the terminal and the second level is cached in a mass nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
7. A LoRa terminal comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor to perform the steps of the method of any of claims 1-6.
8. A LoRa network comprising a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals according to claim 7.
9. A computer readable storage medium comprising a computer program executable by a processor to perform the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-6.
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