CN111918394A - LoRa terminal uplink data method, LoRa terminal, LoRa network and storage medium - Google Patents
LoRa terminal uplink data method, LoRa terminal, LoRa network and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/382—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels for resource allocation, admission control or handover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
- H04L1/22—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using redundant apparatus to increase reliability
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/50—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources
- H04W72/54—Allocation or scheduling criteria for wireless resources based on quality criteria
Abstract
The invention discloses a LoRa terminal uplink data method, a LoRa terminal, a LoRa network and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the terminal acquires the channel and the time slot distributed for the terminal in the LoRa network and the terminal uplink period of the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway, and sends data to the channel distributed to the terminal in the time slot distributed to the terminal, wherein the combination of the channel and the time slot distributed to each terminal in the network is unique, so that the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; furthermore, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, data are evenly dispersed and are not concentrated on certain channels, and the interference of the channels with large data quantity on the adjacent channels can be avoided; according to the environment of different terminals, different frequency expansion factors are used for transmission; error control coding is carried out on terminal data; a failure retransmission mechanism and a terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of LoRa communication, in particular to a method for LoRa terminal uplink data, a LoRa terminal, a LoRa network and a storage medium.
Background
The existing LoRaWAN standard uses ALOHA (channel use adopts a competition mode), according to theoretical derivation, the utilization rate of bandwidth can reach 30% at most, if more terminals participate in channel competition, the probability of collision is improved, data are interfered with each other, and the data transmission loss rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for sending upstream data by an LoRa terminal, an LoRa network, and a storage medium, aiming at the above-mentioned defect of data transmission loss in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
on one hand, a method for constructing LoRa terminal uplink data is constructed, and the method comprises the following steps:
the terminal acquires a channel and a time slot distributed for the terminal in the LoRa network and a terminal uplink period of the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway;
the terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
wherein: all terminals and server gateways in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, the terminal uplink period is divided into a plurality of time slots which are not overlapped, and the combination of a channel and the time slot allocated to each terminal in the network is unique.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned; and/or, each terminal in the network is allocated with a channel according to the size of uplink data of the terminal so that the uplink data of all terminals in the network is dispersed to each channel.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the terminal transmits data according to the spreading factor positively correlated to the communication environment in which the terminal is located.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the terminal adds redundant information related to the original data in the transmitted data so that the server gateway can carry out error control on the data generated by the terminal.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
and the terminal needs to receive the confirmation packet replied by the server gateway after sending out one data, and if the confirmation packet is not received, the terminal needs to retransmit the data until the confirmation packet is received.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
when new data are generated, the terminal stores the newly generated data into a first-level cache, and if the first-level cache is full, part of the data stored in the first-level cache is transferred into a second-level cache to vacate a space for storing the newly generated data;
when the data is sent, the data of the first-level buffer is sent preferentially, and the data of the second-level buffer is sent again when the first-level buffer is empty.
Preferably, the first level cache is in a random access memory of the MCU of the terminal, and the second level cache is in a large-capacity nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
In a second aspect, a LoRa terminal is configured, comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor to implement the steps of the method according to any of the preceding claims.
In three aspects, an LoRa network is constructed, and comprises a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals.
In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is constructed, comprising a computer program executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
The method for the LoRa terminal to uplink data, the LoRa terminal, the LoRa network and the storage medium have the following beneficial effects: in the invention, each terminal sends data to the channel allocated to the terminal only in the time slot allocated to the terminal, and as the combination of the channel and the time slot allocated to each terminal in the network is unique, the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; further, because the fm signal contains many side lobes, some of the side lobes will cause interference to adjacent channels when they fall within the passband of an adjacent channel receiver, and to reduce this interference, two approaches are taken to reduce the operating time of the adjacent channels when they overlap: firstly, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and a time slot offset is arranged; secondly, the data are evenly dispersed and are not concentrated on certain channels, so that the interference of the channels with large data quantity on adjacent channels is avoided; furthermore, different frequency expansion factors are used for sending according to the environments of different terminals; error control coding is carried out on terminal data; furthermore, a failure retransmission mechanism and a terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts:
fig. 1 is a diagram of allocating channels and time slots for terminals;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for uplink data transmission of a terminal in an embodiment.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete. It should be understood that the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in the present application, but not limited to the present application, and the features in the embodiments and specific features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The terms including ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", and the like used in the present specification may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. These terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one constituent element from other constituent elements. For example, a first component may be named a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be named a first component, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
On one hand, the invention constructs a method for LoRa terminal uplink data, which comprises the following steps:
uplink parameter acquisition step S1: the terminal acquires a channel and a time slot distributed for the terminal in the LoRa network and a terminal uplink period of the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway;
data ascending step S2: the terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
wherein: all terminals and server gateways in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, and Tu in fig. 1 represents a terminal uplink period. In the terminal uplink period, the server gateway is in a state of waiting for receiving data, and in the gateway downlink period, the terminal is in a state of waiting for receiving data, so that the conflict between the uplink data of the terminal and the downlink data of the gateway can be avoided.
The uplink period of the terminal is divided into a plurality of non-overlapping time slots, so-called time slots, which are actually a time slice or a time period. As shown in fig. 1, each channel fx (x ═ 1, …, 7) corresponds to a plurality of time slots that do not overlap with each other, and the combination of the assigned channel and time slot of each terminal in the network is unique, that is, there is no case where the assigned channel and time slot are the same between terminals. In the figure, Nij (i is 0, …, 7, j is 1, …, n) represents a terminal.
It should be noted that the time slot division needs to correspond to a channel, and the time slot division results corresponding to different channels may be the same or different.
Preferably, the server gateway may divide the corresponding time slot for each channel in advance according to the number of the online terminals, and when the number of the online terminals changes in a stepwise manner, divide the time slot for each channel again and notify each terminal. For example, when a certain application adopts the LoRa network, the number of terminals may be preset to be the maximum number of terminals required by the application, and then the server gateway divides the time slots according to the set number of terminals, for example, if there are 8 channels and the maximum number of terminals applied is 200, each channel is divided to be responsible for 25 terminals, and it may be considered that each channel corresponds to 25 time slots. In the communication process, the number of terminals may vary, and we may divide the number of terminals into intervals, for example, assuming that the number of terminals is set to 200 in advance, we may divide it into an interval of terminal number 1-20, an interval of terminal number 21-40, …, and so on, and 181-. Once the number of terminals actually on line is switched from one interval to another interval, it may be considered that the number of terminals on line changes in stages, for example, as mentioned earlier, the number of terminals may be set to 200 in advance at the beginning, and each channel corresponds to 25 time slots, and if the number of terminals is found to be 30 in the subsequent communication process, the server gateway may determine the interval in which the number of terminals on line is located, and then re-divide the time slots according to the maximum value of the determined interval (i.e., the maximum number of terminals), for example, the interval corresponding to 30 terminals is 20-40, and the maximum value of the interval is 40, and then equally divide each channel to be responsible for 5 terminals, and may consider that each channel corresponds to 5 time slots. Therefore, the channel can be fully utilized, and the utilization rate of the bandwidth is greatly improved.
Therefore, the server gateway divides the time slots well firstly, and only needs to directly allocate the time slots and the channels when the terminal accesses the network, so that the whole network can work in an ordered state in the uplink period of the whole terminal, and the problem of data collision in the prior art can be solved.
Because the frequency modulation signal contains a plurality of side lobes, when some side lobes fall into the passband of the adjacent channel receiver, the interference to the adjacent channel can be caused, and in order to reduce the interference, the following two measures are adopted to reduce the overlapping working time of the adjacent channels:
one is that the time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and each gray box in the figure represents the time slot actually allocated to the terminal. In the figure, T0 to Tn indicate that the reference time slots, for example, the time slots of channels f0, f2, f4, and f6 are all flush with the reference time slot, and there is no time slot offset, while the time slots of channels f1, f3, f5, and f7 all have a certain time slot offset with respect to the reference time slot, so that the time slot misalignment between any two adjacent channels can be ensured.
Secondly, each terminal in the network is allocated with a channel according to the size of uplink data of the terminal so that the uplink data of all terminals in the network is dispersed to each channel and is not concentrated on some channels, thereby avoiding the interference of the channel with large data quantity to the adjacent channel. For example, a terminal with large uplink data is allocated to a different channel, and then a terminal with small uplink data is allocated.
Further preferably, in the data uplink step S2, the terminal transmits data according to the spreading factor SF that is positively correlated with the communication environment in which the terminal is located. For example, a terminal with a good communication environment uses a high-speed SF, a terminal with a poor communication environment uses a low-speed SF, or if the high-speed SF transmission is unsuccessful, the terminal uses the low-speed SF for transmission.
Further preferably, in the data uplink step S2, the terminal adds redundant information related to the original data to the transmitted data, so that the server gateway performs error control on the data generated by the terminal. The redundant information is related to the original data, and a receiving end can detect and correct errors generated in the transmission process according to the correlation, so that the interference in the transmission process is resisted, and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) codes, checksums and interleaving technologies can be specifically used.
The measures of the unique combination of the channel and the time slot, the time slot offset, the data dispersion to each channel, the setting of the SF and the error control coding of the terminal data are all to resist the interference in the LoRa wireless transmission process. Next, two measures for ensuring that data is not lost on the transmission control logic of terminal data are introduced:
firstly, a terminal data caching mechanism is adopted to cache data to be sent. Referring to fig. 2, in the data uplink step S2, after the process is initiated, it is determined whether new data is generated at the terminal, when new data is generated, it is determined whether the first-level cache is full, if the first-level cache is not full, the newly generated data is directly stored in the first-level cache, and if the first-level cache is full, a part of the data stored first in the first-level cache is transferred to the second-level cache to make room for storing the newly generated data, so that the latest data can be sent first, and then the newly generated data is stored in the first-level cache. After the data is written, judging whether the network state is good or not, if not, continuing returning to the initial flow, and if the network is not good, writing the data into the cache but not sending the data; if the network is good (the existing judging method can be directly adopted for judging the network is good or bad), the data of the first-level cache is preferentially sent when the data is sent, and the data of the second-level cache is sent when the first-level cache is empty (no data).
The terminal data caching mechanism can ensure that even if the network state is not good for a long time, a large amount of data cannot be sent out, the data can be stored, and the stored historical data can be sent after the network state becomes good.
Preferably, the first level cache is in a random access memory of the MCU of the terminal, and the second level cache is in a large-capacity nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
Secondly, a failure retransmission mechanism is adopted to transmit data. Referring to fig. 2, in the data uplink step S2, after each data transmission, the terminal needs to receive an acknowledgement packet returned by the server gateway, and if the acknowledgement packet is not received and the number of retransmissions does not exceed the predetermined number of times, the terminal needs to retransmit the data until the acknowledgement packet is received, and if the acknowledgement packet is not received and the number of retransmissions exceeds the predetermined number of times, the terminal returns to the initial process; and if the acknowledgement packet is received, the latest transmitted data is removed from the buffer (the first-level buffer or the second-level buffer for storing the latest transmitted data), and then the flow is returned to the initial stage, and the next flow is continued.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention further discloses in another aspect an LoRa terminal, including a processor and a memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and the computer program can be executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method as described above. The specific implementation process may refer to the description of the above method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also discloses an LoRa network, which comprises a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals.
Based on the same inventive concept, a computer-readable storage medium is also disclosed in another aspect of the present invention, comprising a computer program, which is executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method as described above. The specific implementation process may refer to the description of the above method embodiment, and is not described herein again.
In summary, the method for the LoRa terminal to uplink data, the LoRa terminal, the LoRa network, and the storage medium of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: in the invention, each terminal sends data to the channel allocated to the terminal only in the time slot allocated to the terminal, and as the combination of the channel and the time slot allocated to each terminal in the network is unique, the whole network works in an ordered state, the problem of data collision can be solved, and the utilization rate of bandwidth is improved; further, because the fm signal contains many side lobes, some of the side lobes will cause interference to adjacent channels when they fall within the passband of an adjacent channel receiver, and to reduce this interference, two approaches are taken to reduce the operating time of the adjacent channels when they overlap: firstly, time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned, and a time slot offset is arranged; secondly, the data are evenly dispersed and are not concentrated on certain channels, so that the interference of the channels with large data quantity on adjacent channels is avoided; furthermore, different frequency expansion factors are used for sending according to the environments of different terminals; error control coding is carried out on terminal data; furthermore, a failure retransmission mechanism and a terminal data caching mechanism are designed to ensure that data is not lost.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for LoRa terminal uplink data is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
the terminal acquires a channel and a time slot distributed for the terminal in the LoRa network and a terminal uplink period of the LoRa network according to the downlink network access reply data of the server gateway;
the terminal transmits data to a channel allocated to the terminal in a time slot allocated to the terminal;
wherein: all terminals and server gateways in the network synchronously and repeatedly enter small periods, each small period is divided into a gateway downlink period and a terminal uplink period, the terminal uplink period is divided into a plurality of time slots which are not overlapped, and the combination of a channel and the time slot allocated to each terminal in the network is unique.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
time slots between adjacent channels are not aligned; and/or, each terminal in the network is allocated with a channel according to the size of uplink data of the terminal so that the uplink data of all terminals in the network is dispersed to each channel.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the terminal transmits data according to the spreading factor positively correlated to the communication environment in which the terminal is located.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
the terminal adds redundant information related to the original data in the transmitted data so that the server gateway can carry out error control on the data generated by the terminal.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
and the terminal needs to receive the confirmation packet replied by the server gateway after sending out one data, and if the confirmation packet is not received, the terminal needs to retransmit the data until the confirmation packet is received.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
when new data are generated, the terminal stores the newly generated data into a first-level cache, and if the first-level cache is full, part of the data stored in the first-level cache is transferred into a second-level cache to vacate a space for storing the newly generated data;
when the data is sent, the data of the first-level buffer is sent preferentially, and the data of the second-level buffer is sent again when the first-level buffer is empty.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the first level cache is in a random access memory of the MCU of the terminal and the second level cache is in a large-capacity nonvolatile memory of the terminal.
8. An LoRa terminal, comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program executable by the processor to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
9. The LoRa network is characterized by comprising a server gateway and a plurality of LoRa terminals.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that it comprises a computer program which is executable by a processor to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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